BIBL105: Old Testament Survey
4 EXODUS – LEVITICUS
Moses’s Life
-Found by Pharaoh’s daughter and raised as a prince of Egypt
-Flees after killing an Egyptian
-Becomes a shepherd in Midian
-God appears to Moses as a _____________ _____________ at Mt. Sinai
o“I have seen the affliction of my people… and have heard their cry” (Exod 3:7)
The Exodus
-“I am the LORD, and I will bring you out from under the burdens of the Egyptians, and I
will deliver you from slavery to them, and I will redeem you with an outstretched arm
and with great acts of judgment. I will take you to be my people, and I will be your God,
and you shall know that.” (Exod 6:6-7)
oPharaoh refuses to let the people go
oGod sends plagues to demonstrate his power
oThe 10 plagues are God’s intentional demonstration of God’s supremacy over the
Egyptian gods.
The Passover
-Instructions: kill a lamb and place blood on posts and lintel of the doorway
-The angel of death will pass over the homes with the covering of blood
-This becomes an annual holiday to remember what God did
BIBL105: Old Testament Survey
The Exodus Concluded
-Pharaoh finally let the Israelites leave after the death of his firstborn son
-After 430 years in Egypt, the Israelites leave with the riches of Egypt and a mixed
multitude (12:35-38)
-Pharaoh changes his mind and chases after the Israelites
oHe is defeated yet again at the Red Sea when God parts the waters for the
Israelites
-“Know that I am the Lord” (9 times) shows that God constantly intervenes to both deliver
His people and show His power to the nation of Egypt
-The Exodus becomes the greatest example of God’s deliverance in the Old Testament
Israel in the Wilderness
-God leads them with a pillar of cloud by day and pillar of fire by night
-God’s provision
oManna = “what is it?”
oQuails
oWater from the rock
-Israel’s response: complaints
The Law
•A lifestyle gives by God to Israel through Moses
•More about relationship than rules
•How to live in right relationship with God
BIBL105: Old Testament Survey
•How to live in right relationships with others
•A gift and display of God’s mercy and love for his people
-The 10 Commandments (Exodus 20)
oSummarize the Law in 10 commands
oDuties to God (commandments 1-4)
oDuties to Others (commandments 5-10)
The Tabernacle
-Where God dwells among His people.
•Where sacrifices are made for the people.
•A worship sanctuary in the wilderness
•Priesthood
•The tribe of Levi becomes the tribe of the priests
•The High Priest serves as the religious leader for the nation
• Aaron becomes the first high priest
The Golden Calf (Exod 32)
•While Moses is on Mt Sinai with God, Aaron has the people to build a golden calf.
•Moses is horrified when he sees it and destroys the idol
•God plans to destroy the entire nation and start over with Moses, but Moses intercedes for
the people and God spares them.
Exodus & Jesus
•Jesus as the Passover Lamb
BIBL105: Old Testament Survey
•Jesus as the Ultimate Deliverer
LEVITICUS
-Theme: sanctification
-Purpose: instructions for holy worship and holy living
-“Be _________ as I am ________.”
-Ways to the Holy One: Sacrifice (Lev 1-10)
oProactive offerings: voluntary (1-3)
oReactive offerings: mandatory (4-7)
oConsecration of Priesthood (8-10)
-Ways of Holiness: Sanctification (Lev 11-27)
oSanctification: purity of body (11-16)
Clean food (kosher diet), bodies, clothes
oSanctification: purity of soul (17-27)
Laws of priesthood, worship, society
-Feasts of Israel
oPassover
oPentecost
oTrumpets (Rosh Hashanah)
oDay of Atonement (Yom Kippur)
oTabernacles
The Purpose of the Law
BIBL105: Old Testament Survey
-Value of Life
oDeath penalty (Num 35:3)
oLife of the unborn equal to life of born (Exod 21:22-23)
oHuman and child sacrifices forbidden (Lev 18:21)
-Taking care of the Poor (Exod 23:6; Lev 19:9-10)
oUnlawful to take advantage of the poor
oSystems created so that poor would be able to access food
-Treating Foreigners with Dignity (Exod 22:21)
-Elevating Women (Exod 22:16-17; Lev 20:10; Num 5; Deut 23:17)
The Law & Slavery
-Israelites were not allowed to buy other Israelites into direct slavery but instead had to
allow them to be bought into indentured servitude
-Indentured servants had a temporary contract that would end when the Year of Jubilee
occurred
-Consider the purposes of the law (value of life, taking care of the poor, treating
foreigners with dignity, elevating women)– are these purposes compatible with American
slavery of the past or human trafficking today?
The Law and Jesus
-Jesus fulfills the Law (Mt 5:17)
-Jesus is the atoning sacrifice (1 Jn 2:2)
-Jesus is the Holy One (Mk 1:24)
BIBL105: Old Testament Survey
The Law and Christians
-We are not under the OT Law
-However, many of the moral principles of the OT Law were not only rededicated by
Christ but were even expanded.
-The Old Testament Law should not be ignored but it is not directly applicable to
Christians
The Law and Salvation
-People never worked their way to heaven
-The Old Testament sacrificial system was a means of providing a temporary “covering”
for sin, but not a permanent “removal” of our sin. The means of salvation, both then and
now, was trusting in God’s gracious provision of the One who would remove sin.
-Old Testament saints were clearly saved the same way the New Testament saints were, by
grace alone through faith-
