STRATEGIES FOR ECONOMIC GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT IN
THE GLOBAL ERA BASED ON CIVIC ECONOMIC EDUCATION
Introduction
World economic growth is increasing due to global competition in developing countries.
Developing countries must have skills and innovations in running the country's economic
system in order to be able to compete and develop contribute directly. The level of economic
growth of a country is certainly not only formed from professional management of natural
resources but must also be supported by the quality of human resources that can provide
solutions and innovations in every development of the economic sector produced.
The dynamics of the world economy today are characterized by an increasingly high
volume of economic activity society. The increase in population, which has an impact on the
higher demand for production inputs and the demand for environmentally friendly end
products, is a feature in the development of community economic activities. The concept of
liberalization and globalization of the world economy on the one hand is able to increase the
acceleration of the fulfillment of the needs of the community at large, but on the other hand it
can also result in the erosion of environmental quality. Therefore, strategic and systematic
efforts are needed to build a sustainable economy based on the values of local wisdom.
The level of economic growth and development is identified based on the qualifications
of the state of progress as referred to as developed, developing and poor countries.
Developed countries generally control the productive sector which ultimately encourages the
rate of economic growth globally. the presence of professional experts and adequate
technology supports developed countries to grow in a better direction. Meanwhile,
developing countries have weaknesses that have an impact on the difficulty in developing
their economy. This is also supported by the lack of professionals in managing natural
resources so that they cannot be maximally utilized. Therefore, underdeveloped countries
allow developed countries to manage their natural resources in the form of cooperative
relationships. However, it turns out that developed countries even utilizing these conditions
to obtain the maximum profit without regard to the consequences in the form of increasingly
damaged environmental conditions. This makes challenges and obstacles faced by
underdeveloped countries. Globally, the world is only controlled by a handful of rich
countries. They only utilize the quality of natural resources from underdeveloped countries to
be developed for personal gain. Furthermore, the raw materials obtained from
underdeveloped countries are processed into finished products and then resold. Economic
development becomes expensive for underdeveloped countries.
United States is a developing country like the countries in the southeast Asia region. In
general, the quality of United States economic growth can be interpreted as low. United
States economic growth is quite high, but the effect on society is too low. Every 1 percent of
United States economic growth only absorbs 250 thousand new workers [2]. To build
economic growth and development in United States, of course, a systematic and effective
strategy is needed in the form of increasing quality human resources seen from the micro-
economic empowerment sector. One form of global economic model is to build an economic
system that is based on the global needs of world citizens.
To build the global insight of citizens in growing the level of economic growth, the
concept of education oriented to the economic sector of citizenship in the form of civic
economic education. Civic Economic Education provides insight for citizens of the nation in
providing awareness to develop their potential and participate in advancing the economy
through the community economic empowerment sector to be able to compete globally.
Therefore, systematic guidance and empowerment is needed which is set within the basic
framework of the concept of a national economy based on the basic values of the state in the
form of growth and development strategies in the form of economic growth and development
strategies in the global era based on civic economic education The desired economic system
is based on the basic values of Pancasila.
Economic growth in general can be interpreted as a form of change or economic
progress of a country that is better in one period with evidenced by increasing national
income. Economic growth is the process of increasing output per capita in the long term [4].
Economic growth is defined as an increase in GDP / GNP regardless of whether the increase
is greater or less than the population growth rate, and whether there is a change in economic
structure or not [5].
Research Methods
The type of research used is descriptive with a qualitative approach and literature study
method. This method was chosen because the author wants to describe the theories and
findings from literature searches related to economic growth and development and civic
economic education. The study of the literature used in this article was obtained by searching
from several literatures both international journals and accredited national journals, books
and E-Books.
Results and Discussion
The nature of Growth and Economic Development
Strategic economic growth and development is the basis for the realization of the
welfare and prosperity of the nation. To realize the welfare and prosperity of the nation, there
must be a systemic relationship between the government and citizens in running the
economic system.
Economic growth in United States from 1961-2018 experienced systematic ups and
downs. This is as the analysis report from katadata.co.id taken from the central statistics
agency shows that the slowdown in domestic consumption which affected the sluggish
business world made United States economic growth in 2017 below the 2017 APBN-P target.
Cumulatively, United States Gross Domestic Product (GDP) during the first quarter of 2017
grew by 5.03% from the target of 5.2%. Meanwhile, in 2018 the United States economy is
targeted to grow by 5.4%. Since 1961, United States economy has generally always
experienced growth and only twice experienced contraction. United States highest GDP
growth was recorded in 1968 or the beginning of the New Order era, which reached 10.92%.
While in the reform era, the highest economic growth was recorded in 2007, which amounted
to 6.35%. However, the United States economy has also experienced contraction or negative
growth, in 1963 during the Old Order era and in 1998 during the Asian financial crisis. The
crisis, which was accompanied by riots throughout the country, caused the United States
economy to experience a very deep contraction of up to -13.13%. [6].
This illustrates that United States economic growth is experiencing systematic growth
even though it is not balanced with the formation of professional quality human resources.
The government in fulfilling economic growth is only based on objectivity in developing
economic quality but is not balanced with the formation of professional human resources.
formation of or development of the quality of human resources that professional quality of
human resources. Economic development will become a benchmark for economic growth if
it is balanced with the development of the quality of professional human resources.
Therefore, the formation of the quality of human resources must of course also be prioritized
so that the achievements in economic development can be managed properly, in this case
government intervention is also needed to form a sustainable and optimal synergy. Efforts to
maintain efficient growth rates require government intervention [7].
Economic development can generally be understood as an integrated process in shaping
the country's economic structure in a dynamic and sustainable manner. Economic
development is a form of government projection in running the economic system in one
leadership period. Economic development as a process that causes the per capita income of
the population of a society to increase in the long term [8]. This definition implies that
economic development is a change that occurs continuously through a series of combination
processes in order to achieve something better, namely an increase in per capita income that
continues in the long term. Economic growth is not just a hormonal process but a
spontaneous and uninterrupted change. Economic development is caused by changes mainly
in industry and trade [9].
Development Economic development is a process towards change that is endeavored
on an ongoing basis to improve the welfare and prosperity of society. One indicator of
success implementation of development that can be used as a macro benchmark is economic
growth economic growth which is reflected in changes in Gross Regional Domestic Product
(GRDP) in a region. The higher the economic growth of a region indicates the better the
economic activity obtained from the growth rate of GRDP at constant prices [10].
Economic development also depends on the economic growth of a country. the
existence of economic development also encourages the formation of economic growth and
vice versa that economic growth also affects economic development. The existence of
economic development is also a process of combination between population growth and
technological progress of a country. There are several elements in economic development
including are 1) Development as a process. meaning that development is a stage that every
society or nation must undergo, 2) Development as social change. Society as an actor in
social change where directly or indirectly social change will have an impact on the smooth
running of development or even hinder development, 3) Development as an effort to increase
per capita income. As an effort, development is an active action that must be carried out by a
country in order to increase per capita income in order to increase per capita income, 4)
Increase in income per capita income must take place in the long term.
Thus economic growth and development have a singnifikan influence on the
development of the country's economic system. economic growth has a more quantitative
role, namely an increase in the standard of opinion and the level of production output
Produced While economic development is qualitative not only from the increase in
production, but also from changes in the structure of production and allocation of inputs from
various economic sectors such as institutions, knowledge, social and technical. So that the
concept of economic growth and development must be integrated in the context of the global
economy because in the current era of globalization, strategic and systematic efforts are
needed in building a global economic system to realize the welfare and prosperity of the
nation.
Global Economy
The global economy is different from the national economy because it involves a wide
range of countries. Today, the economic world is in the process of moving towards a global
economy or more famously known as globalization. Increased integration between countries
can be seen through the dramatic developments in the flow of goods, services and capital
from one country to another. Thus, the term globalization is simply understood as a process
of integrating the national economy of nations into a global economic system [11].
The influence of globalization today certainly has an impact on various sectors of social
life, including education, health, politics, socio-culture and economy. Globalization can be
interpreted with various understandings depending on which angle of understanding the
meaning of globalization. Many debates discuss the impact of globalization, especially on
developing countries. The existence of globalization will make the country become a rich
country even richer, or just make a poor country even poorer in the face of globalization [12].
The existence of globalization also has an impact on the social conditions of citizens.
Social conditions in globalization are bound by three dimensions in globalization, namely
economic, political and cultural. Economic globalization has an impact on the development
of various market conditions economic markets, free trade, and the exchange of goods and
services. Political globalization has a role in the globalization of the world. Cultural
globalization is the dominance of the role of international organizations in regulating
countries under the control of the United Nations and the European Union which resulted in
the emergence of Global politics. Cultural globalization is the development of social
conditions in the realm of technology and information globally, this globalization model is
the concept of understanding global citizens.
The global economy is built on the concept of globalization that is developing in the
world today. the global economy is based on the value of empowering the economy of the
people globally. the global economy has been revolutionized in a period of time 150 years.
The decades following World War II were a period of expansion of national companies into
the global market. Two decades ago, the concept of global marketing had not even been
coined. Now, global marketing is of paramount importance, not only for realizing the full
success potential of a business, but even for the survival of a business. A company that fails
to penetrate the global market will face the danger of losing the domestic market to its
competitors, global corporations that have lower costs, have more experience, produce better
goods and overall, are more valuable in the eyes of consumers [14].
Of course, it does not rule out the possibility of each country conducting international
cooperation to increase the economic growth of its country, which in fact international
cooperation with the investment model actually makes the country that provides investment
become an increasingly developed country by utilizing investment in the country. The global
economy has distinctive characteristics, as follows [15]: 1) Corporate deregulation and
unrestricted capital movement Privatization and commodification of public services and
other aspects of global and community commons such as most water and genetic resources,
2) The integration and conversion of various national economies into economies based
entirely on export-oriented production, which is socially and environmentally harmful. 3)
The development of hyper-growth and the unrestricted exploitation of the planet's resources,
solely to spur this growth. 4) A dramatic increase in corporate concentration, 5) The
destruction of destruction of national programs covering social, health and environmental
areas. 6) The homogenization of global culture and the intensive development of unbridled
consumerism.
Entering the 21st century Based on Bank United States report in 2004 that world
economic growth has not fully encouraged an increase in the growth rate of world trade
volume due to global conflicts such as the outbreak of the SARS OUTBREAK, increasing
trade protectionism and The failure of the WTO negotiations in Cancun, Mexico [16].
However, in 2003 the global economy experienced good growth, based on the group of
developed countries such as the United States and Japan, signs of economic recovery were
increasingly clear, while in the European region which experienced very low growth in the
first semester, in the second semester began to show an increase in line with improving
global performance. In the group of developing countries, the Asia Pacific region, especially
China, Vietnam and India showed the highest growth followed by the African region with the
support of domestic demand and exports. Especially for ASEAN countries, except Singapore
and South Korea, the increase in the economy is still mainly supported by domestic
consumption. Thus, in order for United States to be able to increase the rate of growth and
development of the country's economy globally, systematic and integrated efforts and
strategies must be carried out in every field of community life with the concept of civic
economic education based on the values of national identity.
Concept of Civic Economic Education
Economic citizenship is a study in the spectrum of civic education as included in the
sociocultural domain component, namely the study of civic education developed in the
community, mass media, and other civil society movements. The economic needs of citizens
in building the economic growth of the community are a basic part of civic education of
social values in life as a citizen of the nation, therefore concept education economic
education concept must be developed and learned by every citizen in order to be able to
manage every natural resource for the welfare of citizens lest the inability to manage natural
resources in increasing the nation's economic growth actually creates new problems in
realizing welfare and prosperity citizens. The problem of economic inequality is also the
basic from of the country's current economic problems, for example the imbalance between
developed and developing countries developed countries and countries developing countries,
imbalance between the rich and the poor, the imbalance between the rich and the poor, the
imbalance between the imbalance imbalance between urban and rural development, and
imbalance between the agricultural and industrial sectors. This is the foundation of
philosophical basis of the existence of citizenship economy or economic education
citizenship formal and non-formal educational institutions. In its application economic
citizenship must certainly be prepared in the concept of both formal and non-formal
education. The concept of civic economy or economic education citizenship within the scope
of education formal education has several characteristics including [17]: 1) raising awareness
and a sense of nationalism towards local products. This awareness can be done through
formal education institutions such as schools and offices, or through indirect socialization
such as advertisements and daily jargon, 2) propose the right legal products to make a
regulation that benefits United States, for example every foreign citizen who will work in
United States must be able to speak United States, the capital invested must use the rupiah
currency, 3) maintaining a free and active foreign policy attitude, the political attitude that
has been adopted by the United States people since independence should be maintained and
not fixated on intra-Asean trade intra-Asean trade, 4) promote and introduce the pancasila
economic system so that United States economic conditions are maintained, namely the
economic principles based on the 1945 Constitution article 33, namely: (1) The economy
shall be structured as a joint enterprise based on the principle of kinship. (2). Branches of
production which are important to the state and which control the livelihood of many people
shall be controlled by the state. 3). The land and water and the natural resources contained
therein shall be under the control of the state and shall be used for the greatest prosperity of
the people of the people. (4) The national economy The national economy is organized based
on economic democracy with the principles of togetherness, equitable efficiency,
sustainability, environmentally sound, self-reliance, and by maintaining a balance of progress
and national economic unity. (5) Further provisions concerning the implementation of this
article shall be regulated by law.
Thus civic economic education must provide an understanding of the nation's citizens
in carrying out the duties and social responsibilities of citizens to participate or participate in
United States Economic Development with the aim of 1) Increase the country's per capita
income, 2) Increase the rate of growth economic growth, 3) Improve and equalize the
standard of living of the population, 4) Increase employment and reduce unemployment, 5)
Reduce social inequality, 6) Increase production capacity, 7) Increase state investment, 8)
Reduce poverty, 9) Create justice and prosperity in society, 10) Improve the quality of life of
the community through education and health.
It is this goal that must be implemented in every citizen's life both in the family,
education and society. So as to achieve these goals there are main discussions developed in
civic economics including the problem of Government spending, Recession and growth
Business plans, business and ethics, unique selling points, Competition, loans. In addition to
these discussions, community development activities are also needed, this activity is an
activity aimed at developing a particular community group in an area. In today's popular
language, it is often also known as community empowerment of the community. The purpose
of this activity is to create social benefits, for example through the creation of labor-intensive
projects to meet the benefits of the business. So that there is a need for strategic and
systematic efforts in increasing economic growth and development globally oriented to civic
economic education.
Economic Growth and Development through Civic Economic Education
Economic development in the country cannot be separated from the role of citizens in
organizing and running the economic system. The role of citizens in running the economic
system is very influential because the quality of natural resources is able to utilize natural
resources in the country and is not dependent on developed countries. As a phenomenon that
occurs today that developed countries control various productive sectors that encourage the
rate of economic growth of the country. The availability of experts and adequate technology
supports developed countries to grow in a more advanced direction. Meanwhile, developing
countries have weaknesses that make it difficult for them to develop their economies their
economy. The lack of experts means that natural resources cannot be utilized to their full
potential. Therefore, underdeveloped countries allow developed countries to manage their
natural resources in a cooperative relationship. However, it turns out that developed countries
take advantage of this condition to obtain maximum profit. The increasingly degraded
environmental conditions have caused various disasters in underdeveloped countries. This is
a challenge and obstacle faced by underdeveloped countries [1].
Thus it is clear that citizens have a major contribution to the state in running the
economic system implemented by the government not only the relationship of rights and
obligations. In the context of the economy, the state has obligation to provide welfare and
prosperity for citizens in the utilization and management of the country's natural resources. In
United States, there is often a gap between the role of the state and the lives of citizens.
Political, social, economic and cultural problems, for example, often occur because of the gap
between the role of the state and the lives of its citizens. In a series of articles and paragraphs,
the 1945 Constitution clearly lists the rights and obligations of the state to its people which
must also be clearly fulfilled. The relationship between the state and citizens in the economy
is generally reflected in the rights and obligations between the state and citizens. The rights
and obligations are contained in the articles of the state constitution. so that the role of
community empowerment in growing the national economy is the right and responsibility of
the state in order to create an economic system that is sovereign, just and prosperous as the
dream of United States in 2015-2085 by President Trump.
There are several strategies or efforts that can be made in an effort to increase
economic growth and development through civic economic education including, first, civic
economic education programs carried out by local governments in community empowerment
through entrepreneurial programs. Entreprenuer programs in addition to being carried out in
the community must also be developed in the school environment. Through the process of
regulation of civic economic education oriented to the form of entrepreneurial activities will
equip participants students and communities in an effort to effectively utilize natural
resources with basic values of local wisdom. However, the local government as the person in
charge must also act as a coordinator, facilitator and stimulator for the birth of economic
program growth initiatives populist economic programs program growth that is sustainable.
Second, civic economic education that is oriented towards the development of SMEs
(small and medium enterprises medium) in the community by the local government. This can
be done with the form of government spots in the form of financial assistance, training, and
workshops as well as bringing in experts to be able to improve production quality. There are
several media to develop the business world, namely [18]: 1) Creation of a good business
climate for businesses, through regulations and policies that provide convenience for
businesses and at the same time prevent environmental degradation. 2) Creation of an
integrated information center that can make it easier for the business community to get in
touch with local government officials for all kinds of interests, especially knowing about
licensing issues, licensing, and other matters licensing issues, Local economic development
plans, local government, land availability, building permits, etc. Establishment of a small
business consultation and development center. In addition to their important role as labor
absorbers and as a source of entrepreneurial drive, small businesses often fail or are unable to
develop properly. The main contributing factor is poor small business management.
Therefore, it is necessary to the establishment of a small business consulting and
development center that is ready to help these small entrepreneurs so that their performance
improves. 3) Creation of a joint marketing system to avoid economies of scale in production,
increase competitiveness against imported products, and promote cooperative attitudes
among business people. 4) Creation of research and development (R&D) institutions.
Increased competition in today's science-based world requires businesses and local
governments to continuously conduct studies on new product development, new technology
development, and the search for new markets.
Third, civic economic education is centered on improving the quality of human
resources developed in the scope of formal, non-formal and informal education. Human
resources are the most important aspect in the process of economic development. Therefore,
improving the quality of human resources in an effort to improve the quality of the economy
is very necessary. There are several ways that can be done to improve the quality of human
resources among them are 1) Training with customized training system. This training system
is a training system specifically designed to meet the needs and expectations of employers. 2)
Creation of skillbanks. The information in skill banks contains data on the skills and
background of unemployed people in an area. 3) Creation of a favorable climate for the
development of educational and training institutions skills (LPK) in the region. The
development of The development of education and skills institutions in a region is
indirectly beneficial for improving the quality of human resources in the region. 4)
Development of training institutions for persons with disabilities. This is important for the
disabled themselves to increase their self-esteem and confidence. In addition, for certain
types of work sometimes people with disabilities have some advantages [18].
Fourth, civic economic education in the form of utilizing information technology (IT)
in the Industrial 4.0 era. Emergence of Industry 4.0 will have a major impact on the
industrial, economic and even social conditions of society globally [19]. Thus, it is certainly
necessary to use information technology effectively and efficiently to support economic
growth through the use of technology and information. Here is the utilization of information
technology in the economic field 1) Online marketing will make it easier for producers and
distributors to market products. They don't have to go around to promote their products to the
public. Simply capitalizing on domains and other online devices, products can already be
known by potential consumers. As a result, the product will be known not only in a certain
area but also by people in the outer circle who may never be reached by the producer. In
addition, the costs incurred will be relatively smaller when compared to loading
advertisements in other media. 2) Remote Transactions make potential customers no longer
need to bother going to the store to buy products looking for the goods or services they need.
He or she simply sits in place and presses the computer keys, swipes the mouse, and or taps
the screen of his or her smartphone. 3) Online Employee Recruitment, this procedure will
make it easier for companies to inform job vacancies and make it easier for job applicants.
With Thus, information is likely to be known by prospective employees faster than
announcements on a piece of paper pasted on a bulletin board or placed on the side of the
road. 4) Working Online does not have to be a chore. In front of a computer or gadget, sitting
while listening to music can also make a piece of money. 5) Ease of Banking Transactions
for Customers Withdrawing money (savings) at the bank makes it an annoying thing if you
have to queue for hours. The concept of utilizing information technology can also increase
the country's economic growth and technological progress according to economists is the
most important factor in the occurrence of economic growth [20]. This is because
technological progress has a big impact because it can provide new ways and perfect the old
way of doing a job.
In addition to being developed on these four concepts, it is also necessary to have a
basic foundation in the form of laws and regulations made by the central and local
governments as coordinators, facilitators and stimulators. This is necessary so that these four
basic frameworks are able to Actualized in the form of local or government regulations in
order to prepare citizens who can actively participate in efforts to increase the country's
sustainable growth and economy to create a just, prosperous and prosperous nation.
Recommendations
Economic growth and development efforts are a common benchmark that must be
carried out by the government to improve the standard of living of the community. Increasing
economic growth and development must be carried out strategically and systematically in the
form of community empowerment through civic economic education oriented to the
Entreprenuer Program, business unit development, improving the quality of human resources,
and utilizing technology and information. Economic growth and development is a strategic
issue for all citizens of the world in developing economic concepts in the global era. The role
of civic economic education is the main basis in providing insight into citizens to participate
in the economic field so as to realize the rate of national economic growth.
The nature of Growth and Economic Development
Strategic economic growth and development is the basis for the realization of the
welfare and prosperity of the nation. To realize the welfare and prosperity of the nation, there
must be a systemic relationship between the government and citizens in running the
economic system.
Economic growth in United States from 1961-2018 experienced systematic ups and
downs. This is as the analysis report from katadata.co.id taken from the central statistics
agency shows that the slowdown in domestic consumption which affected the sluggish
business world made United States economic growth in 2017 below the 2017 APBN-P target.
Cumulatively, United States Gross Domestic Product (GDP) during the first quarter of 2017
grew by 5.03% from the target of 5.2%. Meanwhile, in 2018 the United States economy is
targeted to grow by 5.4%. Since 1961, United States economy has generally always
experienced growth and only twice experienced contraction. United States highest GDP
growth was recorded in 1968 or the beginning of the New Order era, which reached 10.92%.
While in the reform era, the highest economic growth was recorded in 2007, which amounted
to 6.35%. However, the United States economy has also experienced contraction or negative
growth, in 1963 during the Old Order era and in 1998 during the Asian financial crisis. The
crisis, which was accompanied by riots throughout the country, caused the United States
economy to experience a very deep contraction of up to -13.13%. [6].
This illustrates that United States economic growth is experiencing systematic growth
even though it is not balanced with the formation of professional quality human resources.
The government in fulfilling economic growth is only based on objectivity in developing
economic quality but is not balanced with the formation of professional human resources.
formation of or development of the quality of human resources that professional quality of
human resources. Economic development will become a benchmark for economic growth if
it is balanced with the development of the quality of professional human resources.
Therefore, the formation of the quality of human resources must of course also be prioritized
so that the achievements in economic development can be managed properly, in this case
government intervention is also needed to form a sustainable and optimal synergy. Efforts to
maintain efficient growth rates require government intervention [7].
Economic development can generally be understood as an integrated process in shaping
the country's economic structure in a dynamic and sustainable manner. Economic
development is a form of government projection in running the economic system in one
leadership period. Economic development as a process that causes the per capita income of
the population of a society to increase in the long term [8]. This definition implies that
economic development is a change that occurs continuously through a series of combination
processes in order to achieve something better, namely an increase in per capita income that
continues in the long term. Economic growth is not just a hormonal process but a
spontaneous and uninterrupted change. Economic development is caused by changes mainly
in industry and trade [9].
Development Economic development is a process towards change that is endeavored
on an ongoing basis to improve the welfare and prosperity of society. One indicator of
success implementation of development that can be used as a macro benchmark is economic
growth economic growth which is reflected in changes in Gross Regional Domestic Product
(GRDP) in a region. The higher the economic growth of a region indicates the better the
economic activity obtained from the growth rate of GRDP at constant prices [10].
Economic development also depends on the economic growth of a country. the
existence of economic development also encourages the formation of economic growth and
vice versa that economic growth also affects economic development. The existence of
economic development is also a process of combination between population growth and
technological progress of a country. There are several elements in economic development
including are 1) Development as a process. meaning that development is a stage that every
society or nation must undergo, 2) Development as social change. Society as an actor in
social change where directly or indirectly social change will have an impact on the smooth
running of development or even hinder development, 3) Development as an effort to increase
per capita income. As an effort, development is an active action that must be carried out by a
country in order to increase per capita income in order to increase per capita income, 4)
Increase in income per capita income must take place in the long term.
Thus economic growth and development have a singnifikan influence on the
development of the country's economic system. economic growth has a more quantitative
role, namely an increase in the standard of opinion and the level of production output
Produced While economic development is qualitative not only from the increase in
production, but also from changes in the structure of production and allocation of inputs from
various economic sectors such as institutions, knowledge, social and technical. So that the
concept of economic growth and development must be integrated in the context of the global
economy because in the current era of globalization, strategic and systematic efforts are
needed in building a global economic system to realize the welfare and prosperity of the
nation.
Global Economy
The global economy is different from the national economy because it involves a wide
range of countries. Today, the economic world is in the process of moving towards a global
economy or more famously known as globalization. Increased integration between countries
can be seen through the dramatic developments in the flow of goods, services and capital
from one country to another. Thus, the term globalization is simply understood as a process
of integrating the national economy of nations into a global economic system [11].
The influence of globalization today certainly has an impact on various sectors of social
life, including education, health, politics, socio-culture and economy. Globalization can be
interpreted with various understandings depending on which angle of understanding the
meaning of globalization. Many debates discuss the impact of globalization, especially on
developing countries. The existence of globalization will make the country become a rich
country even richer, or just make a poor country even poorer in the face of globalization [12].
The existence of globalization also has an impact on the social conditions of citizens.
Social conditions in globalization are bound by three dimensions in globalization, namely
economic, political and cultural. Economic globalization has an impact on the development
of various market conditions economic markets, free trade, and the exchange of goods and
services. Political globalization has a role in the globalization of the world. Cultural
globalization is the dominance of the role of international organizations in regulating
countries under the control of the United Nations and the European Union which resulted in
the emergence of Global politics. Cultural globalization is the development of social
conditions in the realm of technology and information globally, this globalization model is
the concept of understanding global citizens.
The global economy is built on the concept of globalization that is developing in the
world today. the global economy is based on the value of empowering the economy of the
people globally. the global economy has been revolutionized in a period of time 150 years.
The decades following World War II were a period of expansion of national companies into
the global market. Two decades ago, the concept of global marketing had not even been
coined. Now, global marketing is of paramount importance, not only for realizing the full
success potential of a business, but even for the survival of a business. A company that fails
to penetrate the global market will face the danger of losing the domestic market to its
competitors, global corporations that have lower costs, have more experience, produce better
goods and overall, are more valuable in the eyes of consumers [14].
Of course, it does not rule out the possibility of each country conducting international
cooperation to increase the economic growth of its country, which in fact international
cooperation with the investment model actually makes the country that provides investment
become an increasingly developed country by utilizing investment in the country. The global
economy has distinctive characteristics, as follows [15]: 1) Corporate deregulation and
unrestricted capital movement Privatization and commodification of public services and
other aspects of global and community commons such as most water and genetic resources,
2) The integration and conversion of various national economies into economies based
entirely on export-oriented production, which is socially and environmentally harmful. 3)
The development of hyper-growth and the unrestricted exploitation of the planet's resources,
solely to spur this growth. 4) A dramatic increase in corporate concentration, 5) The
destruction of destruction of national programs covering social, health and environmental
areas. 6) The homogenization of global culture and the intensive development of unbridled
consumerism.
Entering the 21st century Based on Bank United States report in 2004 that world
economic growth has not fully encouraged an increase in the growth rate of world trade
volume due to global conflicts such as the outbreak of the SARS OUTBREAK, increasing
trade protectionism and The failure of the WTO negotiations in Cancun, Mexico [16].
However, in 2003 the global economy experienced good growth, based on the group of
developed countries such as the United States and Japan, signs of economic recovery were
increasingly clear, while in the European region which experienced very low growth in the
first semester, in the second semester began to show an increase in line with improving
global performance. In the group of developing countries, the Asia Pacific region, especially
China, Vietnam and India showed the highest growth followed by the African region with the
support of domestic demand and exports. Especially for ASEAN countries, except Singapore
and South Korea, the increase in the economy is still mainly supported by domestic
consumption. Thus, in order for United States to be able to increase the rate of growth and
development of the country's economy globally, systematic and integrated efforts and
strategies must be carried out in every field of community life with the concept of civic
economic education based on the values of national identity.
Concept of Civic Economic Education
Economic citizenship is a study in the spectrum of civic education as included in the
sociocultural domain component, namely the study of civic education developed in the
community, mass media, and other civil society movements. The economic needs of citizens
in building the economic growth of the community are a basic part of civic education of
social values in life as a citizen of the nation, therefore concept education economic
education concept must be developed and learned by every citizen in order to be able to
manage every natural resource for the welfare of citizens lest the inability to manage natural
resources in increasing the nation's economic growth actually creates new problems in
realizing welfare and prosperity citizens. The problem of economic inequality is also the
basic from of the country's current economic problems, for example the imbalance between
developed and developing countries developed countries and countries developing countries,
imbalance between the rich and the poor, the imbalance between the rich and the poor, the
imbalance between the imbalance imbalance between urban and rural development, and
imbalance between the agricultural and industrial sectors. This is the foundation of
philosophical basis of the existence of citizenship economy or economic education
citizenship formal and non-formal educational institutions. In its application economic
citizenship must certainly be prepared in the concept of both formal and non-formal
education. The concept of civic economy or economic education citizenship within the scope
of education formal education has several characteristics including [17]: 1) raising awareness
and a sense of nationalism towards local products. This awareness can be done through
formal education institutions such as schools and offices, or through indirect socialization
such as advertisements and daily jargon, 2) propose the right legal products to make a
regulation that benefits United States, for example every foreign citizen who will work in
United States must be able to speak United States, the capital invested must use the rupiah
currency, 3) maintaining a free and active foreign policy attitude, the political attitude that
has been adopted by the United States people since independence should be maintained and
not fixated on intra-Asean trade intra-Asean trade, 4) promote and introduce the pancasila
economic system so that United States economic conditions are maintained, namely the
economic principles based on the 1945 Constitution article 33, namely: (1) The economy
shall be structured as a joint enterprise based on the principle of kinship. (2). Branches of
production which are important to the state and which control the livelihood of many people
shall be controlled by the state. 3). The land and water and the natural resources contained
therein shall be under the control of the state and shall be used for the greatest prosperity of
the people of the people. (4) The national economy The national economy is organized based
on economic democracy with the principles of togetherness, equitable efficiency,
sustainability, environmentally sound, self-reliance, and by maintaining a balance of progress
and national economic unity. (5) Further provisions concerning the implementation of this
article shall be regulated by law.
Thus civic economic education must provide an understanding of the nation's citizens
in carrying out the duties and social responsibilities of citizens to participate or participate in
United States Economic Development with the aim of 1) Increase the country's per capita
income, 2) Increase the rate of growth economic growth, 3) Improve and equalize the
standard of living of the population, 4) Increase employment and reduce unemployment, 5)
Reduce social inequality, 6) Increase production capacity, 7) Increase state investment, 8)
Reduce poverty, 9) Create justice and prosperity in society, 10) Improve the quality of life of
the community through education and health.
It is this goal that must be implemented in every citizen's life both in the family,
education and society. So as to achieve these goals there are main discussions developed in
civic economics including the problem of Government spending, Recession and growth
Business plans, business and ethics, unique selling points, Competition, loans. In addition to
these discussions, community development activities are also needed, this activity is an
activity aimed at developing a particular community group in an area. In today's popular
language, it is often also known as community empowerment of the community. The purpose
of this activity is to create social benefits, for example through the creation of labor-intensive
projects to meet the benefits of the business. So that there is a need for strategic and
systematic efforts in increasing economic growth and development globally oriented to civic
economic education.
Economic Growth and Development through Civic Economic Education
Economic development in the country cannot be separated from the role of citizens in
organizing and running the economic system. The role of citizens in running the economic
system is very influential because the quality of natural resources is able to utilize natural
resources in the country and is not dependent on developed countries. As a phenomenon that
occurs today that developed countries control various productive sectors that encourage the
rate of economic growth of the country. The availability of experts and adequate technology
supports developed countries to grow in a more advanced direction. Meanwhile, developing
countries have weaknesses that make it difficult for them to develop their economies their
economy. The lack of experts means that natural resources cannot be utilized to their full
potential. Therefore, underdeveloped countries allow developed countries to manage their
natural resources in a cooperative relationship. However, it turns out that developed countries
take advantage of this condition to obtain maximum profit. The increasingly degraded
environmental conditions have caused various disasters in underdeveloped countries. This is
a challenge and obstacle faced by underdeveloped countries [1].
Thus it is clear that citizens have a major contribution to the state in running the
economic system implemented by the government not only the relationship of rights and
obligations. In the context of the economy, the state has obligation to provide welfare and
prosperity for citizens in the utilization and management of the country's natural resources. In
United States, there is often a gap between the role of the state and the lives of citizens.
Political, social, economic and cultural problems, for example, often occur because of the gap
between the role of the state and the lives of its citizens. In a series of articles and paragraphs,
the 1945 Constitution clearly lists the rights and obligations of the state to its people which
must also be clearly fulfilled. The relationship between the state and citizens in the economy
is generally reflected in the rights and obligations between the state and citizens. The rights
and obligations are contained in the articles of the state constitution. so that the role of
community empowerment in growing the national economy is the right and responsibility of
the state in order to create an economic system that is sovereign, just and prosperous as the
dream of United States in 2015-2085 by President Trump.
There are several strategies or efforts that can be made in an effort to increase
economic growth and development through civic economic education including, first, civic
economic education programs carried out by local governments in community empowerment
through entrepreneurial programs. Entreprenuer programs in addition to being carried out in
the community must also be developed in the school environment. Through the process of
regulation of civic economic education oriented to the form of entrepreneurial activities will
equip participants students and communities in an effort to effectively utilize natural
resources with basic values of local wisdom. However, the local government as the person in
charge must also act as a coordinator, facilitator and stimulator for the birth of economic
program growth initiatives populist economic programs program growth that is sustainable.
Second, civic economic education that is oriented towards the development of SMEs
(small and medium enterprises medium) in the community by the local government. This can
be done with the form of government spots in the form of financial assistance, training, and
workshops as well as bringing in experts to be able to improve production quality. There are
several media to develop the business world, namely [18]: 1) Creation of a good business
climate for businesses, through regulations and policies that provide convenience for
businesses and at the same time prevent environmental degradation. 2) Creation of an
integrated information center that can make it easier for the business community to get in
touch with local government officials for all kinds of interests, especially knowing about
licensing issues, licensing, and other matters licensing issues, Local economic development
plans, local government, land availability, building permits, etc. Establishment of a small
business consultation and development center. In addition to their important role as labor
absorbers and as a source of entrepreneurial drive, small businesses often fail or are unable to
develop properly. The main contributing factor is poor small business management.
Therefore, it is necessary to the establishment of a small business consulting and
development center that is ready to help these small entrepreneurs so that their performance
improves. 3) Creation of a joint marketing system to avoid economies of scale in production,
increase competitiveness against imported products, and promote cooperative attitudes
among business people. 4) Creation of research and development (R&D) institutions.
Increased competition in today's science-based world requires businesses and local
governments to continuously conduct studies on new product development, new technology
development, and the search for new markets.
Third, civic economic education is centered on improving the quality of human
resources developed in the scope of formal, non-formal and informal education. Human
resources are the most important aspect in the process of economic development. Therefore,
improving the quality of human resources in an effort to improve the quality of the economy
is very necessary. There are several ways that can be done to improve the quality of human
resources among them are 1) Training with customized training system. This training system
is a training system specifically designed to meet the needs and expectations of employers. 2)
Creation of skillbanks. The information in skill banks contains data on the skills and
background of unemployed people in an area. 3) Creation of a favorable climate for the
development of educational and training institutions skills (LPK) in the region. The
development of The development of education and skills institutions in a region is
indirectly beneficial for improving the quality of human resources in the region. 4)
Development of training institutions for persons with disabilities. This is important for the
disabled themselves to increase their self-esteem and confidence. In addition, for certain
types of work sometimes people with disabilities have some advantages [18].
Fourth, civic economic education in the form of utilizing information technology (IT)
in the Industrial 4.0 era. Emergence of Industry 4.0 will have a major impact on the
industrial, economic and even social conditions of society globally [19]. Thus, it is certainly
necessary to use information technology effectively and efficiently to support economic
growth through the use of technology and information. Here is the utilization of information
technology in the economic field 1) Online marketing will make it easier for producers and
distributors to market products. They don't have to go around to promote their products to the
public. Simply capitalizing on domains and other online devices, products can already be
known by potential consumers. As a result, the product will be known not only in a certain
area but also by people in the outer circle who may never be reached by the producer. In
addition, the costs incurred will be relatively smaller when compared to loading
advertisements in other media. 2) Remote Transactions make potential customers no longer
need to bother going to the store to buy products looking for the goods or services they need.
He or she simply sits in place and presses the computer keys, swipes the mouse, and or taps
the screen of his or her smartphone. 3) Online Employee Recruitment, this procedure will
make it easier for companies to inform job vacancies and make it easier for job applicants.
With Thus, information is likely to be known by prospective employees faster than
announcements on a piece of paper pasted on a bulletin board or placed on the side of the
road. 4) Working Online does not have to be a chore. In front of a computer or gadget, sitting
while listening to music can also make a piece of money. 5) Ease of Banking Transactions
for Customers Withdrawing money (savings) at the bank makes it an annoying thing if you
have to queue for hours. The concept of utilizing information technology can also increase
the country's economic growth and technological progress according to economists is the
most important factor in the occurrence of economic growth [20]. This is because
technological progress has a big impact because it can provide new ways and perfect the old
way of doing a job.
In addition to being developed on these four concepts, it is also necessary to have a
basic foundation in the form of laws and regulations made by the central and local
governments as coordinators, facilitators and stimulators. This is necessary so that these four
basic frameworks are able to Actualized in the form of local or government regulations in
order to prepare citizens who can actively participate in efforts to increase the country's
sustainable growth and economy to create a just, prosperous and prosperous nation.
Recommendations
Economic growth and development efforts are a common benchmark that must be
carried out by the government to improve the standard of living of the community. Increasing
economic growth and development must be carried out strategically and systematically in the
form of community empowerment through civic economic education oriented to the
Entreprenuer Program, business unit development, improving the quality of human resources,
and utilizing technology and information. Economic growth and development is a strategic
issue for all citizens of the world in developing economic concepts in the global era. The role
of civic economic education is the main basis in providing insight into citizens to participate
in the economic field so as to realize the rate of national economic growth.
The nature of Growth and Economic Development
Strategic economic growth and development is the basis for the realization of the
welfare and prosperity of the nation. To realize the welfare and prosperity of the nation, there
must be a systemic relationship between the government and citizens in running the
economic system.
Economic growth in United States from 1961-2018 experienced systematic ups and
downs. This is as the analysis report from katadata.co.id taken from the central statistics
agency shows that the slowdown in domestic consumption which affected the sluggish
business world made United States economic growth in 2017 below the 2017 APBN-P target.
Cumulatively, United States Gross Domestic Product (GDP) during the first quarter of 2017
grew by 5.03% from the target of 5.2%. Meanwhile, in 2018 the United States economy is
targeted to grow by 5.4%. Since 1961, United States economy has generally always
experienced growth and only twice experienced contraction. United States highest GDP
growth was recorded in 1968 or the beginning of the New Order era, which reached 10.92%.
While in the reform era, the highest economic growth was recorded in 2007, which amounted
to 6.35%. However, the United States economy has also experienced contraction or negative
growth, in 1963 during the Old Order era and in 1998 during the Asian financial crisis. The
crisis, which was accompanied by riots throughout the country, caused the United States
economy to experience a very deep contraction of up to -13.13%. [6].
This illustrates that United States economic growth is experiencing systematic growth
even though it is not balanced with the formation of professional quality human resources.
The government in fulfilling economic growth is only based on objectivity in developing
economic quality but is not balanced with the formation of professional human resources.
formation of or development of the quality of human resources that professional quality of
human resources. Economic development will become a benchmark for economic growth if
it is balanced with the development of the quality of professional human resources.
Therefore, the formation of the quality of human resources must of course also be prioritized
so that the achievements in economic development can be managed properly, in this case
government intervention is also needed to form a sustainable and optimal synergy. Efforts to
maintain efficient growth rates require government intervention [7].
Economic development can generally be understood as an integrated process in shaping
the country's economic structure in a dynamic and sustainable manner. Economic
development is a form of government projection in running the economic system in one
leadership period. Economic development as a process that causes the per capita income of
the population of a society to increase in the long term [8]. This definition implies that
economic development is a change that occurs continuously through a series of combination
processes in order to achieve something better, namely an increase in per capita income that
continues in the long term. Economic growth is not just a hormonal process but a
spontaneous and uninterrupted change. Economic development is caused by changes mainly
in industry and trade [9].
Development Economic development is a process towards change that is endeavored
on an ongoing basis to improve the welfare and prosperity of society. One indicator of
success implementation of development that can be used as a macro benchmark is economic
growth economic growth which is reflected in changes in Gross Regional Domestic Product
(GRDP) in a region. The higher the economic growth of a region indicates the better the
economic activity obtained from the growth rate of GRDP at constant prices [10].
Economic development also depends on the economic growth of a country. the
existence of economic development also encourages the formation of economic growth and
vice versa that economic growth also affects economic development. The existence of
economic development is also a process of combination between population growth and
technological progress of a country. There are several elements in economic development
including are 1) Development as a process. meaning that development is a stage that every
society or nation must undergo, 2) Development as social change. Society as an actor in
social change where directly or indirectly social change will have an impact on the smooth
running of development or even hinder development, 3) Development as an effort to increase
per capita income. As an effort, development is an active action that must be carried out by a
country in order to increase per capita income in order to increase per capita income, 4)
Increase in income per capita income must take place in the long term.
Thus economic growth and development have a singnifikan influence on the
development of the country's economic system. economic growth has a more quantitative
role, namely an increase in the standard of opinion and the level of production output
Produced While economic development is qualitative not only from the increase in
production, but also from changes in the structure of production and allocation of inputs from
various economic sectors such as institutions, knowledge, social and technical. So that the
concept of economic growth and development must be integrated in the context of the global
economy because in the current era of globalization, strategic and systematic efforts are
needed in building a global economic system to realize the welfare and prosperity of the
nation.
Global Economy
The global economy is different from the national economy because it involves a wide
range of countries. Today, the economic world is in the process of moving towards a global
economy or more famously known as globalization. Increased integration between countries
can be seen through the dramatic developments in the flow of goods, services and capital
from one country to another. Thus, the term globalization is simply understood as a process
of integrating the national economy of nations into a global economic system [11].
The influence of globalization today certainly has an impact on various sectors of social
life, including education, health, politics, socio-culture and economy. Globalization can be
interpreted with various understandings depending on which angle of understanding the
meaning of globalization. Many debates discuss the impact of globalization, especially on
developing countries. The existence of globalization will make the country become a rich
country even richer, or just make a poor country even poorer in the face of globalization [12].
The existence of globalization also has an impact on the social conditions of citizens.
Social conditions in globalization are bound by three dimensions in globalization, namely
economic, political and cultural. Economic globalization has an impact on the development
of various market conditions economic markets, free trade, and the exchange of goods and
services. Political globalization has a role in the globalization of the world. Cultural
globalization is the dominance of the role of international organizations in regulating
countries under the control of the United Nations and the European Union which resulted in
the emergence of Global politics. Cultural globalization is the development of social
conditions in the realm of technology and information globally, this globalization model is
the concept of understanding global citizens.
The global economy is built on the concept of globalization that is developing in the
world today. the global economy is based on the value of empowering the economy of the
people globally. the global economy has been revolutionized in a period of time 150 years.
The decades following World War II were a period of expansion of national companies into
the global market. Two decades ago, the concept of global marketing had not even been
coined. Now, global marketing is of paramount importance, not only for realizing the full
success potential of a business, but even for the survival of a business. A company that fails
to penetrate the global market will face the danger of losing the domestic market to its
competitors, global corporations that have lower costs, have more experience, produce better
goods and overall, are more valuable in the eyes of consumers [14].
Of course, it does not rule out the possibility of each country conducting international
cooperation to increase the economic growth of its country, which in fact international
cooperation with the investment model actually makes the country that provides investment
become an increasingly developed country by utilizing investment in the country. The global
economy has distinctive characteristics, as follows [15]: 1) Corporate deregulation and
unrestricted capital movement Privatization and commodification of public services and
other aspects of global and community commons such as most water and genetic resources,
2) The integration and conversion of various national economies into economies based
entirely on export-oriented production, which is socially and environmentally harmful. 3)
The development of hyper-growth and the unrestricted exploitation of the planet's resources,
solely to spur this growth. 4) A dramatic increase in corporate concentration, 5) The
destruction of destruction of national programs covering social, health and environmental
areas. 6) The homogenization of global culture and the intensive development of unbridled
consumerism.
Entering the 21st century Based on Bank United States report in 2004 that world
economic growth has not fully encouraged an increase in the growth rate of world trade
volume due to global conflicts such as the outbreak of the SARS OUTBREAK, increasing
trade protectionism and The failure of the WTO negotiations in Cancun, Mexico [16].
However, in 2003 the global economy experienced good growth, based on the group of
developed countries such as the United States and Japan, signs of economic recovery were
increasingly clear, while in the European region which experienced very low growth in the
first semester, in the second semester began to show an increase in line with improving
global performance. In the group of developing countries, the Asia Pacific region, especially
China, Vietnam and India showed the highest growth followed by the African region with the
support of domestic demand and exports. Especially for ASEAN countries, except Singapore
and South Korea, the increase in the economy is still mainly supported by domestic
consumption. Thus, in order for United States to be able to increase the rate of growth and
development of the country's economy globally, systematic and integrated efforts and
strategies must be carried out in every field of community life with the concept of civic
economic education based on the values of national identity.
Concept of Civic Economic Education
Economic citizenship is a study in the spectrum of civic education as included in the
sociocultural domain component, namely the study of civic education developed in the
community, mass media, and other civil society movements. The economic needs of citizens
in building the economic growth of the community are a basic part of civic education of
social values in life as a citizen of the nation, therefore concept education economic
education concept must be developed and learned by every citizen in order to be able to
manage every natural resource for the welfare of citizens lest the inability to manage natural
resources in increasing the nation's economic growth actually creates new problems in
realizing welfare and prosperity citizens. The problem of economic inequality is also the
basic from of the country's current economic problems, for example the imbalance between
developed and developing countries developed countries and countries developing countries,
imbalance between the rich and the poor, the imbalance between the rich and the poor, the
imbalance between the imbalance imbalance between urban and rural development, and
imbalance between the agricultural and industrial sectors. This is the foundation of
philosophical basis of the existence of citizenship economy or economic education
citizenship formal and non-formal educational institutions. In its application economic
citizenship must certainly be prepared in the concept of both formal and non-formal
education. The concept of civic economy or economic education citizenship within the scope
of education formal education has several characteristics including [17]: 1) raising awareness
and a sense of nationalism towards local products. This awareness can be done through
formal education institutions such as schools and offices, or through indirect socialization
such as advertisements and daily jargon, 2) propose the right legal products to make a
regulation that benefits United States, for example every foreign citizen who will work in
United States must be able to speak United States, the capital invested must use the rupiah
currency, 3) maintaining a free and active foreign policy attitude, the political attitude that
has been adopted by the United States people since independence should be maintained and
not fixated on intra-Asean trade intra-Asean trade, 4) promote and introduce the pancasila
economic system so that United States economic conditions are maintained, namely the
economic principles based on the 1945 Constitution article 33, namely: (1) The economy
shall be structured as a joint enterprise based on the principle of kinship. (2). Branches of
production which are important to the state and which control the livelihood of many people
shall be controlled by the state. 3). The land and water and the natural resources contained
therein shall be under the control of the state and shall be used for the greatest prosperity of
the people of the people. (4) The national economy The national economy is organized based
on economic democracy with the principles of togetherness, equitable efficiency,
sustainability, environmentally sound, self-reliance, and by maintaining a balance of progress
and national economic unity. (5) Further provisions concerning the implementation of this
article shall be regulated by law.
Thus civic economic education must provide an understanding of the nation's citizens
in carrying out the duties and social responsibilities of citizens to participate or participate in
United States Economic Development with the aim of 1) Increase the country's per capita
income, 2) Increase the rate of growth economic growth, 3) Improve and equalize the
standard of living of the population, 4) Increase employment and reduce unemployment, 5)
Reduce social inequality, 6) Increase production capacity, 7) Increase state investment, 8)
Reduce poverty, 9) Create justice and prosperity in society, 10) Improve the quality of life of
the community through education and health.
It is this goal that must be implemented in every citizen's life both in the family,
education and society. So as to achieve these goals there are main discussions developed in
civic economics including the problem of Government spending, Recession and growth
Business plans, business and ethics, unique selling points, Competition, loans. In addition to
these discussions, community development activities are also needed, this activity is an
activity aimed at developing a particular community group in an area. In today's popular
language, it is often also known as community empowerment of the community. The purpose
of this activity is to create social benefits, for example through the creation of labor-intensive
projects to meet the benefits of the business. So that there is a need for strategic and
systematic efforts in increasing economic growth and development globally oriented to civic
economic education.
Economic Growth and Development through Civic Economic Education
Economic development in the country cannot be separated from the role of citizens in
organizing and running the economic system. The role of citizens in running the economic
system is very influential because the quality of natural resources is able to utilize natural
resources in the country and is not dependent on developed countries. As a phenomenon that
occurs today that developed countries control various productive sectors that encourage the
rate of economic growth of the country. The availability of experts and adequate technology
supports developed countries to grow in a more advanced direction. Meanwhile, developing
countries have weaknesses that make it difficult for them to develop their economies their
economy. The lack of experts means that natural resources cannot be utilized to their full
potential. Therefore, underdeveloped countries allow developed countries to manage their
natural resources in a cooperative relationship. However, it turns out that developed countries
take advantage of this condition to obtain maximum profit. The increasingly degraded
environmental conditions have caused various disasters in underdeveloped countries. This is
a challenge and obstacle faced by underdeveloped countries [1].
Thus it is clear that citizens have a major contribution to the state in running the
economic system implemented by the government not only the relationship of rights and
obligations. In the context of the economy, the state has obligation to provide welfare and
prosperity for citizens in the utilization and management of the country's natural resources. In
United States, there is often a gap between the role of the state and the lives of citizens.
Political, social, economic and cultural problems, for example, often occur because of the gap
between the role of the state and the lives of its citizens. In a series of articles and paragraphs,
the 1945 Constitution clearly lists the rights and obligations of the state to its people which
must also be clearly fulfilled. The relationship between the state and citizens in the economy
is generally reflected in the rights and obligations between the state and citizens. The rights
and obligations are contained in the articles of the state constitution. so that the role of
community empowerment in growing the national economy is the right and responsibility of
the state in order to create an economic system that is sovereign, just and prosperous as the
dream of United States in 2015-2085 by President Trump.
There are several strategies or efforts that can be made in an effort to increase
economic growth and development through civic economic education including, first, civic
economic education programs carried out by local governments in community empowerment
through entrepreneurial programs. Entreprenuer programs in addition to being carried out in
the community must also be developed in the school environment. Through the process of
regulation of civic economic education oriented to the form of entrepreneurial activities will
equip participants students and communities in an effort to effectively utilize natural
resources with basic values of local wisdom. However, the local government as the person in
charge must also act as a coordinator, facilitator and stimulator for the birth of economic
program growth initiatives populist economic programs program growth that is sustainable.
Second, civic economic education that is oriented towards the development of SMEs
(small and medium enterprises medium) in the community by the local government. This can
be done with the form of government spots in the form of financial assistance, training, and
workshops as well as bringing in experts to be able to improve production quality. There are
several media to develop the business world, namely [18]: 1) Creation of a good business
climate for businesses, through regulations and policies that provide convenience for
businesses and at the same time prevent environmental degradation. 2) Creation of an
integrated information center that can make it easier for the business community to get in
touch with local government officials for all kinds of interests, especially knowing about
licensing issues, licensing, and other matters licensing issues, Local economic development
plans, local government, land availability, building permits, etc. Establishment of a small
business consultation and development center. In addition to their important role as labor
absorbers and as a source of entrepreneurial drive, small businesses often fail or are unable to
develop properly. The main contributing factor is poor small business management.
Therefore, it is necessary to the establishment of a small business consulting and
development center that is ready to help these small entrepreneurs so that their performance
improves. 3) Creation of a joint marketing system to avoid economies of scale in production,
increase competitiveness against imported products, and promote cooperative attitudes
among business people. 4) Creation of research and development (R&D) institutions.
Increased competition in today's science-based world requires businesses and local
governments to continuously conduct studies on new product development, new technology
development, and the search for new markets.
Third, civic economic education is centered on improving the quality of human
resources developed in the scope of formal, non-formal and informal education. Human
resources are the most important aspect in the process of economic development. Therefore,
improving the quality of human resources in an effort to improve the quality of the economy
is very necessary. There are several ways that can be done to improve the quality of human
resources among them are 1) Training with customized training system. This training system
is a training system specifically designed to meet the needs and expectations of employers. 2)
Creation of skillbanks. The information in skill banks contains data on the skills and
background of unemployed people in an area. 3) Creation of a favorable climate for the
development of educational and training institutions skills (LPK) in the region. The
development of The development of education and skills institutions in a region is
indirectly beneficial for improving the quality of human resources in the region. 4)
Development of training institutions for persons with disabilities. This is important for the
disabled themselves to increase their self-esteem and confidence. In addition, for certain
types of work sometimes people with disabilities have some advantages [18].
Fourth, civic economic education in the form of utilizing information technology (IT)
in the Industrial 4.0 era. Emergence of Industry 4.0 will have a major impact on the
industrial, economic and even social conditions of society globally [19]. Thus, it is certainly
necessary to use information technology effectively and efficiently to support economic
growth through the use of technology and information. Here is the utilization of information
technology in the economic field 1) Online marketing will make it easier for producers and
distributors to market products. They don't have to go around to promote their products to the
public. Simply capitalizing on domains and other online devices, products can already be
known by potential consumers. As a result, the product will be known not only in a certain
area but also by people in the outer circle who may never be reached by the producer. In
addition, the costs incurred will be relatively smaller when compared to loading
advertisements in other media. 2) Remote Transactions make potential customers no longer
need to bother going to the store to buy products looking for the goods or services they need.
He or she simply sits in place and presses the computer keys, swipes the mouse, and or taps
the screen of his or her smartphone. 3) Online Employee Recruitment, this procedure will
make it easier for companies to inform job vacancies and make it easier for job applicants.
With Thus, information is likely to be known by prospective employees faster than
announcements on a piece of paper pasted on a bulletin board or placed on the side of the
road. 4) Working Online does not have to be a chore. In front of a computer or gadget, sitting
while listening to music can also make a piece of money. 5) Ease of Banking Transactions
for Customers Withdrawing money (savings) at the bank makes it an annoying thing if you
have to queue for hours. The concept of utilizing information technology can also increase
the country's economic growth and technological progress according to economists is the
most important factor in the occurrence of economic growth [20]. This is because
technological progress has a big impact because it can provide new ways and perfect the old
way of doing a job.
In addition to being developed on these four concepts, it is also necessary to have a
basic foundation in the form of laws and regulations made by the central and local
governments as coordinators, facilitators and stimulators. This is necessary so that these four
basic frameworks are able to Actualized in the form of local or government regulations in
order to prepare citizens who can actively participate in efforts to increase the country's
sustainable growth and economy to create a just, prosperous and prosperous nation.
Recommendations
Economic growth and development efforts are a common benchmark that must be
carried out by the government to improve the standard of living of the community. Increasing
economic growth and development must be carried out strategically and systematically in the
form of community empowerment through civic economic education oriented to the
Entreprenuer Program, business unit development, improving the quality of human resources,
and utilizing technology and information. Economic growth and development is a strategic
issue for all citizens of the world in developing economic concepts in the global era. The role
of civic economic education is the main basis in providing insight into citizens to participate
in the economic field so as to realize the rate of national economic growth.
The nature of Growth and Economic Development
Strategic economic growth and development is the basis for the realization of the
welfare and prosperity of the nation. To realize the welfare and prosperity of the nation, there
must be a systemic relationship between the government and citizens in running the
economic system.
Economic growth in United States from 1961-2018 experienced systematic ups and
downs. This is as the analysis report from katadata.co.id taken from the central statistics
agency shows that the slowdown in domestic consumption which affected the sluggish
business world made United States economic growth in 2017 below the 2017 APBN-P target.
Cumulatively, United States Gross Domestic Product (GDP) during the first quarter of 2017
grew by 5.03% from the target of 5.2%. Meanwhile, in 2018 the United States economy is
targeted to grow by 5.4%. Since 1961, United States economy has generally always
experienced growth and only twice experienced contraction. United States highest GDP
growth was recorded in 1968 or the beginning of the New Order era, which reached 10.92%.
While in the reform era, the highest economic growth was recorded in 2007, which amounted
to 6.35%. However, the United States economy has also experienced contraction or negative
growth, in 1963 during the Old Order era and in 1998 during the Asian financial crisis. The
crisis, which was accompanied by riots throughout the country, caused the United States
economy to experience a very deep contraction of up to -13.13%. [6].
This illustrates that United States economic growth is experiencing systematic growth
even though it is not balanced with the formation of professional quality human resources.
The government in fulfilling economic growth is only based on objectivity in developing
economic quality but is not balanced with the formation of professional human resources.
formation of or development of the quality of human resources that professional quality of
human resources. Economic development will become a benchmark for economic growth if
it is balanced with the development of the quality of professional human resources.
Therefore, the formation of the quality of human resources must of course also be prioritized
so that the achievements in economic development can be managed properly, in this case
government intervention is also needed to form a sustainable and optimal synergy. Efforts to
maintain efficient growth rates require government intervention [7].
Economic development can generally be understood as an integrated process in shaping
the country's economic structure in a dynamic and sustainable manner. Economic
development is a form of government projection in running the economic system in one
leadership period. Economic development as a process that causes the per capita income of
the population of a society to increase in the long term [8]. This definition implies that
economic development is a change that occurs continuously through a series of combination
processes in order to achieve something better, namely an increase in per capita income that
continues in the long term. Economic growth is not just a hormonal process but a
spontaneous and uninterrupted change. Economic development is caused by changes mainly
in industry and trade [9].
Development Economic development is a process towards change that is endeavored
on an ongoing basis to improve the welfare and prosperity of society. One indicator of
success implementation of development that can be used as a macro benchmark is economic
growth economic growth which is reflected in changes in Gross Regional Domestic Product
(GRDP) in a region. The higher the economic growth of a region indicates the better the
economic activity obtained from the growth rate of GRDP at constant prices [10].
Economic development also depends on the economic growth of a country. the
existence of economic development also encourages the formation of economic growth and
vice versa that economic growth also affects economic development. The existence of
economic development is also a process of combination between population growth and
technological progress of a country. There are several elements in economic development
including are 1) Development as a process. meaning that development is a stage that every
society or nation must undergo, 2) Development as social change. Society as an actor in
social change where directly or indirectly social change will have an impact on the smooth
running of development or even hinder development, 3) Development as an effort to increase
per capita income. As an effort, development is an active action that must be carried out by a
country in order to increase per capita income in order to increase per capita income, 4)
Increase in income per capita income must take place in the long term.
Thus economic growth and development have a singnifikan influence on the
development of the country's economic system. economic growth has a more quantitative
role, namely an increase in the standard of opinion and the level of production output
Produced While economic development is qualitative not only from the increase in
production, but also from changes in the structure of production and allocation of inputs from
various economic sectors such as institutions, knowledge, social and technical. So that the
concept of economic growth and development must be integrated in the context of the global
economy because in the current era of globalization, strategic and systematic efforts are
needed in building a global economic system to realize the welfare and prosperity of the
nation.
Global Economy
The global economy is different from the national economy because it involves a wide
range of countries. Today, the economic world is in the process of moving towards a global
economy or more famously known as globalization. Increased integration between countries
can be seen through the dramatic developments in the flow of goods, services and capital
from one country to another. Thus, the term globalization is simply understood as a process
of integrating the national economy of nations into a global economic system [11].
The influence of globalization today certainly has an impact on various sectors of social
life, including education, health, politics, socio-culture and economy. Globalization can be
interpreted with various understandings depending on which angle of understanding the
meaning of globalization. Many debates discuss the impact of globalization, especially on
developing countries. The existence of globalization will make the country become a rich
country even richer, or just make a poor country even poorer in the face of globalization [12].
The existence of globalization also has an impact on the social conditions of citizens.
Social conditions in globalization are bound by three dimensions in globalization, namely
economic, political and cultural. Economic globalization has an impact on the development
of various market conditions economic markets, free trade, and the exchange of goods and
services. Political globalization has a role in the globalization of the world. Cultural
globalization is the dominance of the role of international organizations in regulating
countries under the control of the United Nations and the European Union which resulted in
the emergence of Global politics. Cultural globalization is the development of social
conditions in the realm of technology and information globally, this globalization model is
the concept of understanding global citizens.
The global economy is built on the concept of globalization that is developing in the
world today. the global economy is based on the value of empowering the economy of the
people globally. the global economy has been revolutionized in a period of time 150 years.
The decades following World War II were a period of expansion of national companies into
the global market. Two decades ago, the concept of global marketing had not even been
coined. Now, global marketing is of paramount importance, not only for realizing the full
success potential of a business, but even for the survival of a business. A company that fails
to penetrate the global market will face the danger of losing the domestic market to its
competitors, global corporations that have lower costs, have more experience, produce better
goods and overall, are more valuable in the eyes of consumers [14].
Of course, it does not rule out the possibility of each country conducting international
cooperation to increase the economic growth of its country, which in fact international
cooperation with the investment model actually makes the country that provides investment
become an increasingly developed country by utilizing investment in the country. The global
economy has distinctive characteristics, as follows [15]: 1) Corporate deregulation and
unrestricted capital movement Privatization and commodification of public services and
other aspects of global and community commons such as most water and genetic resources,
2) The integration and conversion of various national economies into economies based
entirely on export-oriented production, which is socially and environmentally harmful. 3)
The development of hyper-growth and the unrestricted exploitation of the planet's resources,
solely to spur this growth. 4) A dramatic increase in corporate concentration, 5) The
destruction of destruction of national programs covering social, health and environmental
areas. 6) The homogenization of global culture and the intensive development of unbridled
consumerism.
Entering the 21st century Based on Bank United States report in 2004 that world
economic growth has not fully encouraged an increase in the growth rate of world trade
volume due to global conflicts such as the outbreak of the SARS OUTBREAK, increasing
trade protectionism and The failure of the WTO negotiations in Cancun, Mexico [16].
However, in 2003 the global economy experienced good growth, based on the group of
developed countries such as the United States and Japan, signs of economic recovery were
increasingly clear, while in the European region which experienced very low growth in the
first semester, in the second semester began to show an increase in line with improving
global performance. In the group of developing countries, the Asia Pacific region, especially
China, Vietnam and India showed the highest growth followed by the African region with the
support of domestic demand and exports. Especially for ASEAN countries, except Singapore
and South Korea, the increase in the economy is still mainly supported by domestic
consumption. Thus, in order for United States to be able to increase the rate of growth and
development of the country's economy globally, systematic and integrated efforts and
strategies must be carried out in every field of community life with the concept of civic
economic education based on the values of national identity.
Concept of Civic Economic Education
Economic citizenship is a study in the spectrum of civic education as included in the
sociocultural domain component, namely the study of civic education developed in the
community, mass media, and other civil society movements. The economic needs of citizens
in building the economic growth of the community are a basic part of civic education of
social values in life as a citizen of the nation, therefore concept education economic
education concept must be developed and learned by every citizen in order to be able to
manage every natural resource for the welfare of citizens lest the inability to manage natural
resources in increasing the nation's economic growth actually creates new problems in
realizing welfare and prosperity citizens. The problem of economic inequality is also the
basic from of the country's current economic problems, for example the imbalance between
developed and developing countries developed countries and countries developing countries,
imbalance between the rich and the poor, the imbalance between the rich and the poor, the
imbalance between the imbalance imbalance between urban and rural development, and
imbalance between the agricultural and industrial sectors. This is the foundation of
philosophical basis of the existence of citizenship economy or economic education
citizenship formal and non-formal educational institutions. In its application economic
citizenship must certainly be prepared in the concept of both formal and non-formal
education. The concept of civic economy or economic education citizenship within the scope
of education formal education has several characteristics including [17]: 1) raising awareness
and a sense of nationalism towards local products. This awareness can be done through
formal education institutions such as schools and offices, or through indirect socialization
such as advertisements and daily jargon, 2) propose the right legal products to make a
regulation that benefits United States, for example every foreign citizen who will work in
United States must be able to speak United States, the capital invested must use the rupiah
currency, 3) maintaining a free and active foreign policy attitude, the political attitude that
has been adopted by the United States people since independence should be maintained and
not fixated on intra-Asean trade intra-Asean trade, 4) promote and introduce the pancasila
economic system so that United States economic conditions are maintained, namely the
economic principles based on the 1945 Constitution article 33, namely: (1) The economy
shall be structured as a joint enterprise based on the principle of kinship. (2). Branches of
production which are important to the state and which control the livelihood of many people
shall be controlled by the state. 3). The land and water and the natural resources contained
therein shall be under the control of the state and shall be used for the greatest prosperity of
the people of the people. (4) The national economy The national economy is organized based
on economic democracy with the principles of togetherness, equitable efficiency,
sustainability, environmentally sound, self-reliance, and by maintaining a balance of progress
and national economic unity. (5) Further provisions concerning the implementation of this
article shall be regulated by law.
Thus civic economic education must provide an understanding of the nation's citizens
in carrying out the duties and social responsibilities of citizens to participate or participate in
United States Economic Development with the aim of 1) Increase the country's per capita
income, 2) Increase the rate of growth economic growth, 3) Improve and equalize the
standard of living of the population, 4) Increase employment and reduce unemployment, 5)
Reduce social inequality, 6) Increase production capacity, 7) Increase state investment, 8)
Reduce poverty, 9) Create justice and prosperity in society, 10) Improve the quality of life of
the community through education and health.
It is this goal that must be implemented in every citizen's life both in the family,
education and society. So as to achieve these goals there are main discussions developed in
civic economics including the problem of Government spending, Recession and growth
Business plans, business and ethics, unique selling points, Competition, loans. In addition to
these discussions, community development activities are also needed, this activity is an
activity aimed at developing a particular community group in an area. In today's popular
language, it is often also known as community empowerment of the community. The purpose
of this activity is to create social benefits, for example through the creation of labor-intensive
projects to meet the benefits of the business. So that there is a need for strategic and
systematic efforts in increasing economic growth and development globally oriented to civic
economic education.
Economic Growth and Development through Civic Economic Education
Economic development in the country cannot be separated from the role of citizens in
organizing and running the economic system. The role of citizens in running the economic
system is very influential because the quality of natural resources is able to utilize natural
resources in the country and is not dependent on developed countries. As a phenomenon that
occurs today that developed countries control various productive sectors that encourage the
rate of economic growth of the country. The availability of experts and adequate technology
supports developed countries to grow in a more advanced direction. Meanwhile, developing
countries have weaknesses that make it difficult for them to develop their economies their
economy. The lack of experts means that natural resources cannot be utilized to their full
potential. Therefore, underdeveloped countries allow developed countries to manage their
natural resources in a cooperative relationship. However, it turns out that developed countries
take advantage of this condition to obtain maximum profit. The increasingly degraded
environmental conditions have caused various disasters in underdeveloped countries. This is
a challenge and obstacle faced by underdeveloped countries [1].
Thus it is clear that citizens have a major contribution to the state in running the
economic system implemented by the government not only the relationship of rights and
obligations. In the context of the economy, the state has obligation to provide welfare and
prosperity for citizens in the utilization and management of the country's natural resources. In
United States, there is often a gap between the role of the state and the lives of citizens.
Political, social, economic and cultural problems, for example, often occur because of the gap
between the role of the state and the lives of its citizens. In a series of articles and paragraphs,
the 1945 Constitution clearly lists the rights and obligations of the state to its people which
must also be clearly fulfilled. The relationship between the state and citizens in the economy
is generally reflected in the rights and obligations between the state and citizens. The rights
and obligations are contained in the articles of the state constitution. so that the role of
community empowerment in growing the national economy is the right and responsibility of
the state in order to create an economic system that is sovereign, just and prosperous as the
dream of United States in 2015-2085 by President Trump.
There are several strategies or efforts that can be made in an effort to increase
economic growth and development through civic economic education including, first, civic
economic education programs carried out by local governments in community empowerment
through entrepreneurial programs. Entreprenuer programs in addition to being carried out in
the community must also be developed in the school environment. Through the process of
regulation of civic economic education oriented to the form of entrepreneurial activities will
equip participants students and communities in an effort to effectively utilize natural
resources with basic values of local wisdom. However, the local government as the person in
charge must also act as a coordinator, facilitator and stimulator for the birth of economic
program growth initiatives populist economic programs program growth that is sustainable.
Second, civic economic education that is oriented towards the development of SMEs
(small and medium enterprises medium) in the community by the local government. This can
be done with the form of government spots in the form of financial assistance, training, and
workshops as well as bringing in experts to be able to improve production quality. There are
several media to develop the business world, namely [18]: 1) Creation of a good business
climate for businesses, through regulations and policies that provide convenience for
businesses and at the same time prevent environmental degradation. 2) Creation of an
integrated information center that can make it easier for the business community to get in
touch with local government officials for all kinds of interests, especially knowing about
licensing issues, licensing, and other matters licensing issues, Local economic development
plans, local government, land availability, building permits, etc. Establishment of a small
business consultation and development center. In addition to their important role as labor
absorbers and as a source of entrepreneurial drive, small businesses often fail or are unable to
develop properly. The main contributing factor is poor small business management.
Therefore, it is necessary to the establishment of a small business consulting and
development center that is ready to help these small entrepreneurs so that their performance
improves. 3) Creation of a joint marketing system to avoid economies of scale in production,
increase competitiveness against imported products, and promote cooperative attitudes
among business people. 4) Creation of research and development (R&D) institutions.
Increased competition in today's science-based world requires businesses and local
governments to continuously conduct studies on new product development, new technology
development, and the search for new markets.
Third, civic economic education is centered on improving the quality of human
resources developed in the scope of formal, non-formal and informal education. Human
resources are the most important aspect in the process of economic development. Therefore,
improving the quality of human resources in an effort to improve the quality of the economy
is very necessary. There are several ways that can be done to improve the quality of human
resources among them are 1) Training with customized training system. This training system
is a training system specifically designed to meet the needs and expectations of employers. 2)
Creation of skillbanks. The information in skill banks contains data on the skills and
background of unemployed people in an area. 3) Creation of a favorable climate for the
development of educational and training institutions skills (LPK) in the region. The
development of The development of education and skills institutions in a region is
indirectly beneficial for improving the quality of human resources in the region. 4)
Development of training institutions for persons with disabilities. This is important for the
disabled themselves to increase their self-esteem and confidence. In addition, for certain
types of work sometimes people with disabilities have some advantages [18].
Fourth, civic economic education in the form of utilizing information technology (IT)
in the Industrial 4.0 era. Emergence of Industry 4.0 will have a major impact on the
industrial, economic and even social conditions of society globally [19]. Thus, it is certainly
necessary to use information technology effectively and efficiently to support economic
growth through the use of technology and information. Here is the utilization of information
technology in the economic field 1) Online marketing will make it easier for producers and
distributors to market products. They don't have to go around to promote their products to the
public. Simply capitalizing on domains and other online devices, products can already be
known by potential consumers. As a result, the product will be known not only in a certain
area but also by people in the outer circle who may never be reached by the producer. In
addition, the costs incurred will be relatively smaller when compared to loading
advertisements in other media. 2) Remote Transactions make potential customers no longer
need to bother going to the store to buy products looking for the goods or services they need.
He or she simply sits in place and presses the computer keys, swipes the mouse, and or taps
the screen of his or her smartphone. 3) Online Employee Recruitment, this procedure will
make it easier for companies to inform job vacancies and make it easier for job applicants.
With Thus, information is likely to be known by prospective employees faster than
announcements on a piece of paper pasted on a bulletin board or placed on the side of the
road. 4) Working Online does not have to be a chore. In front of a computer or gadget, sitting
while listening to music can also make a piece of money. 5) Ease of Banking Transactions
for Customers Withdrawing money (savings) at the bank makes it an annoying thing if you
have to queue for hours. The concept of utilizing information technology can also increase
the country's economic growth and technological progress according to economists is the
most important factor in the occurrence of economic growth [20]. This is because
technological progress has a big impact because it can provide new ways and perfect the old
way of doing a job.
In addition to being developed on these four concepts, it is also necessary to have a
basic foundation in the form of laws and regulations made by the central and local
governments as coordinators, facilitators and stimulators. This is necessary so that these four
basic frameworks are able to Actualized in the form of local or government regulations in
order to prepare citizens who can actively participate in efforts to increase the country's
sustainable growth and economy to create a just, prosperous and prosperous nation.
Recommendations
Economic growth and development efforts are a common benchmark that must be
carried out by the government to improve the standard of living of the community. Increasing
economic growth and development must be carried out strategically and systematically in the
form of community empowerment through civic economic education oriented to the
Entreprenuer Program, business unit development, improving the quality of human resources,
and utilizing technology and information. Economic growth and development is a strategic
issue for all citizens of the world in developing economic concepts in the global era. The role
of civic economic education is the main basis in providing insight into citizens to participate
in the economic field so as to realize the rate of national economic growth.
The nature of Growth and Economic Development
Strategic economic growth and development is the basis for the realization of the
welfare and prosperity of the nation. To realize the welfare and prosperity of the nation, there
must be a systemic relationship between the government and citizens in running the
economic system.
Economic growth in United States from 1961-2018 experienced systematic ups and
downs. This is as the analysis report from katadata.co.id taken from the central statistics
agency shows that the slowdown in domestic consumption which affected the sluggish
business world made United States economic growth in 2017 below the 2017 APBN-P target.
Cumulatively, United States Gross Domestic Product (GDP) during the first quarter of 2017
grew by 5.03% from the target of 5.2%. Meanwhile, in 2018 the United States economy is
targeted to grow by 5.4%. Since 1961, United States economy has generally always
experienced growth and only twice experienced contraction. United States highest GDP
growth was recorded in 1968 or the beginning of the New Order era, which reached 10.92%.
While in the reform era, the highest economic growth was recorded in 2007, which amounted
to 6.35%. However, the United States economy has also experienced contraction or negative
growth, in 1963 during the Old Order era and in 1998 during the Asian financial crisis. The
crisis, which was accompanied by riots throughout the country, caused the United States
economy to experience a very deep contraction of up to -13.13%. [6].
This illustrates that United States economic growth is experiencing systematic growth
even though it is not balanced with the formation of professional quality human resources.
The government in fulfilling economic growth is only based on objectivity in developing
economic quality but is not balanced with the formation of professional human resources.
formation of or development of the quality of human resources that professional quality of
human resources. Economic development will become a benchmark for economic growth if
it is balanced with the development of the quality of professional human resources.
Therefore, the formation of the quality of human resources must of course also be prioritized
so that the achievements in economic development can be managed properly, in this case
government intervention is also needed to form a sustainable and optimal synergy. Efforts to
maintain efficient growth rates require government intervention [7].
Economic development can generally be understood as an integrated process in shaping
the country's economic structure in a dynamic and sustainable manner. Economic
development is a form of government projection in running the economic system in one
leadership period. Economic development as a process that causes the per capita income of
the population of a society to increase in the long term [8]. This definition implies that
economic development is a change that occurs continuously through a series of combination
processes in order to achieve something better, namely an increase in per capita income that
continues in the long term. Economic growth is not just a hormonal process but a
spontaneous and uninterrupted change. Economic development is caused by changes mainly
in industry and trade [9].
Development Economic development is a process towards change that is endeavored
on an ongoing basis to improve the welfare and prosperity of society. One indicator of
success implementation of development that can be used as a macro benchmark is economic
growth economic growth which is reflected in changes in Gross Regional Domestic Product
(GRDP) in a region. The higher the economic growth of a region indicates the better the
economic activity obtained from the growth rate of GRDP at constant prices [10].
Economic development also depends on the economic growth of a country. the
existence of economic development also encourages the formation of economic growth and
vice versa that economic growth also affects economic development. The existence of
economic development is also a process of combination between population growth and
technological progress of a country. There are several elements in economic development
including are 1) Development as a process. meaning that development is a stage that every
society or nation must undergo, 2) Development as social change. Society as an actor in
social change where directly or indirectly social change will have an impact on the smooth
running of development or even hinder development, 3) Development as an effort to increase
per capita income. As an effort, development is an active action that must be carried out by a
country in order to increase per capita income in order to increase per capita income, 4)
Increase in income per capita income must take place in the long term.
Thus economic growth and development have a singnifikan influence on the
development of the country's economic system. economic growth has a more quantitative
role, namely an increase in the standard of opinion and the level of production output
Produced While economic development is qualitative not only from the increase in
production, but also from changes in the structure of production and allocation of inputs from
various economic sectors such as institutions, knowledge, social and technical. So that the
concept of economic growth and development must be integrated in the context of the global
economy because in the current era of globalization, strategic and systematic efforts are
needed in building a global economic system to realize the welfare and prosperity of the
nation.
Global Economy
The global economy is different from the national economy because it involves a wide
range of countries. Today, the economic world is in the process of moving towards a global
economy or more famously known as globalization. Increased integration between countries
can be seen through the dramatic developments in the flow of goods, services and capital
from one country to another. Thus, the term globalization is simply understood as a process
of integrating the national economy of nations into a global economic system [11].
The influence of globalization today certainly has an impact on various sectors of social
life, including education, health, politics, socio-culture and economy. Globalization can be
interpreted with various understandings depending on which angle of understanding the
meaning of globalization. Many debates discuss the impact of globalization, especially on
developing countries. The existence of globalization will make the country become a rich
country even richer, or just make a poor country even poorer in the face of globalization [12].
The existence of globalization also has an impact on the social conditions of citizens.
Social conditions in globalization are bound by three dimensions in globalization, namely
economic, political and cultural. Economic globalization has an impact on the development
of various market conditions economic markets, free trade, and the exchange of goods and
services. Political globalization has a role in the globalization of the world. Cultural
globalization is the dominance of the role of international organizations in regulating
countries under the control of the United Nations and the European Union which resulted in
the emergence of Global politics. Cultural globalization is the development of social
conditions in the realm of technology and information globally, this globalization model is
the concept of understanding global citizens.
The global economy is built on the concept of globalization that is developing in the
world today. the global economy is based on the value of empowering the economy of the
people globally. the global economy has been revolutionized in a period of time 150 years.
The decades following World War II were a period of expansion of national companies into
the global market. Two decades ago, the concept of global marketing had not even been
coined. Now, global marketing is of paramount importance, not only for realizing the full
success potential of a business, but even for the survival of a business. A company that fails
to penetrate the global market will face the danger of losing the domestic market to its
competitors, global corporations that have lower costs, have more experience, produce better
goods and overall, are more valuable in the eyes of consumers [14].
Of course, it does not rule out the possibility of each country conducting international
cooperation to increase the economic growth of its country, which in fact international
cooperation with the investment model actually makes the country that provides investment
become an increasingly developed country by utilizing investment in the country. The global
economy has distinctive characteristics, as follows [15]: 1) Corporate deregulation and
unrestricted capital movement Privatization and commodification of public services and
other aspects of global and community commons such as most water and genetic resources,
2) The integration and conversion of various national economies into economies based
entirely on export-oriented production, which is socially and environmentally harmful. 3)
The development of hyper-growth and the unrestricted exploitation of the planet's resources,
solely to spur this growth. 4) A dramatic increase in corporate concentration, 5) The
destruction of destruction of national programs covering social, health and environmental
areas. 6) The homogenization of global culture and the intensive development of unbridled
consumerism.
Entering the 21st century Based on Bank United States report in 2004 that world
economic growth has not fully encouraged an increase in the growth rate of world trade
volume due to global conflicts such as the outbreak of the SARS OUTBREAK, increasing
trade protectionism and The failure of the WTO negotiations in Cancun, Mexico [16].
However, in 2003 the global economy experienced good growth, based on the group of
developed countries such as the United States and Japan, signs of economic recovery were
increasingly clear, while in the European region which experienced very low growth in the
first semester, in the second semester began to show an increase in line with improving
global performance. In the group of developing countries, the Asia Pacific region, especially
China, Vietnam and India showed the highest growth followed by the African region with the
support of domestic demand and exports. Especially for ASEAN countries, except Singapore
and South Korea, the increase in the economy is still mainly supported by domestic
consumption. Thus, in order for United States to be able to increase the rate of growth and
development of the country's economy globally, systematic and integrated efforts and
strategies must be carried out in every field of community life with the concept of civic
economic education based on the values of national identity.
Concept of Civic Economic Education
Economic citizenship is a study in the spectrum of civic education as included in the
sociocultural domain component, namely the study of civic education developed in the
community, mass media, and other civil society movements. The economic needs of citizens
in building the economic growth of the community are a basic part of civic education of
social values in life as a citizen of the nation, therefore concept education economic
education concept must be developed and learned by every citizen in order to be able to
manage every natural resource for the welfare of citizens lest the inability to manage natural
resources in increasing the nation's economic growth actually creates new problems in
realizing welfare and prosperity citizens. The problem of economic inequality is also the
basic from of the country's current economic problems, for example the imbalance between
developed and developing countries developed countries and countries developing countries,
imbalance between the rich and the poor, the imbalance between the rich and the poor, the
imbalance between the imbalance imbalance between urban and rural development, and
imbalance between the agricultural and industrial sectors. This is the foundation of
philosophical basis of the existence of citizenship economy or economic education
citizenship formal and non-formal educational institutions. In its application economic
citizenship must certainly be prepared in the concept of both formal and non-formal
education. The concept of civic economy or economic education citizenship within the scope
of education formal education has several characteristics including [17]: 1) raising awareness
and a sense of nationalism towards local products. This awareness can be done through
formal education institutions such as schools and offices, or through indirect socialization
such as advertisements and daily jargon, 2) propose the right legal products to make a
regulation that benefits United States, for example every foreign citizen who will work in
United States must be able to speak United States, the capital invested must use the rupiah
currency, 3) maintaining a free and active foreign policy attitude, the political attitude that
has been adopted by the United States people since independence should be maintained and
not fixated on intra-Asean trade intra-Asean trade, 4) promote and introduce the pancasila
economic system so that United States economic conditions are maintained, namely the
economic principles based on the 1945 Constitution article 33, namely: (1) The economy
shall be structured as a joint enterprise based on the principle of kinship. (2). Branches of
production which are important to the state and which control the livelihood of many people
shall be controlled by the state. 3). The land and water and the natural resources contained
therein shall be under the control of the state and shall be used for the greatest prosperity of
the people of the people. (4) The national economy The national economy is organized based
on economic democracy with the principles of togetherness, equitable efficiency,
sustainability, environmentally sound, self-reliance, and by maintaining a balance of progress
and national economic unity. (5) Further provisions concerning the implementation of this
article shall be regulated by law.
Thus civic economic education must provide an understanding of the nation's citizens
in carrying out the duties and social responsibilities of citizens to participate or participate in
United States Economic Development with the aim of 1) Increase the country's per capita
income, 2) Increase the rate of growth economic growth, 3) Improve and equalize the
standard of living of the population, 4) Increase employment and reduce unemployment, 5)
Reduce social inequality, 6) Increase production capacity, 7) Increase state investment, 8)
Reduce poverty, 9) Create justice and prosperity in society, 10) Improve the quality of life of
the community through education and health.
It is this goal that must be implemented in every citizen's life both in the family,
education and society. So as to achieve these goals there are main discussions developed in
civic economics including the problem of Government spending, Recession and growth
Business plans, business and ethics, unique selling points, Competition, loans. In addition to
these discussions, community development activities are also needed, this activity is an
activity aimed at developing a particular community group in an area. In today's popular
language, it is often also known as community empowerment of the community. The purpose
of this activity is to create social benefits, for example through the creation of labor-intensive
projects to meet the benefits of the business. So that there is a need for strategic and
systematic efforts in increasing economic growth and development globally oriented to civic
economic education.
Economic Growth and Development through Civic Economic Education
Economic development in the country cannot be separated from the role of citizens in
organizing and running the economic system. The role of citizens in running the economic
system is very influential because the quality of natural resources is able to utilize natural
resources in the country and is not dependent on developed countries. As a phenomenon that
occurs today that developed countries control various productive sectors that encourage the
rate of economic growth of the country. The availability of experts and adequate technology
supports developed countries to grow in a more advanced direction. Meanwhile, developing
countries have weaknesses that make it difficult for them to develop their economies their
economy. The lack of experts means that natural resources cannot be utilized to their full
potential. Therefore, underdeveloped countries allow developed countries to manage their
natural resources in a cooperative relationship. However, it turns out that developed countries
take advantage of this condition to obtain maximum profit. The increasingly degraded
environmental conditions have caused various disasters in underdeveloped countries. This is
a challenge and obstacle faced by underdeveloped countries [1].
Thus it is clear that citizens have a major contribution to the state in running the
economic system implemented by the government not only the relationship of rights and
obligations. In the context of the economy, the state has obligation to provide welfare and
prosperity for citizens in the utilization and management of the country's natural resources. In
United States, there is often a gap between the role of the state and the lives of citizens.
Political, social, economic and cultural problems, for example, often occur because of the gap
between the role of the state and the lives of its citizens. In a series of articles and paragraphs,
the 1945 Constitution clearly lists the rights and obligations of the state to its people which
must also be clearly fulfilled. The relationship between the state and citizens in the economy
is generally reflected in the rights and obligations between the state and citizens. The rights
and obligations are contained in the articles of the state constitution. so that the role of
community empowerment in growing the national economy is the right and responsibility of
the state in order to create an economic system that is sovereign, just and prosperous as the
dream of United States in 2015-2085 by President Trump.
There are several strategies or efforts that can be made in an effort to increase
economic growth and development through civic economic education including, first, civic
economic education programs carried out by local governments in community empowerment
through entrepreneurial programs. Entreprenuer programs in addition to being carried out in
the community must also be developed in the school environment. Through the process of
regulation of civic economic education oriented to the form of entrepreneurial activities will
equip participants students and communities in an effort to effectively utilize natural
resources with basic values of local wisdom. However, the local government as the person in
charge must also act as a coordinator, facilitator and stimulator for the birth of economic
program growth initiatives populist economic programs program growth that is sustainable.
Second, civic economic education that is oriented towards the development of SMEs
(small and medium enterprises medium) in the community by the local government. This can
be done with the form of government spots in the form of financial assistance, training, and
workshops as well as bringing in experts to be able to improve production quality. There are
several media to develop the business world, namely [18]: 1) Creation of a good business
climate for businesses, through regulations and policies that provide convenience for
businesses and at the same time prevent environmental degradation. 2) Creation of an
integrated information center that can make it easier for the business community to get in
touch with local government officials for all kinds of interests, especially knowing about
licensing issues, licensing, and other matters licensing issues, Local economic development
plans, local government, land availability, building permits, etc. Establishment of a small
business consultation and development center. In addition to their important role as labor
absorbers and as a source of entrepreneurial drive, small businesses often fail or are unable to
develop properly. The main contributing factor is poor small business management.
Therefore, it is necessary to the establishment of a small business consulting and
development center that is ready to help these small entrepreneurs so that their performance
improves. 3) Creation of a joint marketing system to avoid economies of scale in production,
increase competitiveness against imported products, and promote cooperative attitudes
among business people. 4) Creation of research and development (R&D) institutions.
Increased competition in today's science-based world requires businesses and local
governments to continuously conduct studies on new product development, new technology
development, and the search for new markets.
Third, civic economic education is centered on improving the quality of human
resources developed in the scope of formal, non-formal and informal education. Human
resources are the most important aspect in the process of economic development. Therefore,
improving the quality of human resources in an effort to improve the quality of the economy
is very necessary. There are several ways that can be done to improve the quality of human
resources among them are 1) Training with customized training system. This training system
is a training system specifically designed to meet the needs and expectations of employers. 2)
Creation of skillbanks. The information in skill banks contains data on the skills and
background of unemployed people in an area. 3) Creation of a favorable climate for the
development of educational and training institutions skills (LPK) in the region. The
development of The development of education and skills institutions in a region is
indirectly beneficial for improving the quality of human resources in the region. 4)
Development of training institutions for persons with disabilities. This is important for the
disabled themselves to increase their self-esteem and confidence. In addition, for certain
types of work sometimes people with disabilities have some advantages [18].
Fourth, civic economic education in the form of utilizing information technology (IT)
in the Industrial 4.0 era. Emergence of Industry 4.0 will have a major impact on the
industrial, economic and even social conditions of society globally [19]. Thus, it is certainly
necessary to use information technology effectively and efficiently to support economic
growth through the use of technology and information. Here is the utilization of information
technology in the economic field 1) Online marketing will make it easier for producers and
distributors to market products. They don't have to go around to promote their products to the
public. Simply capitalizing on domains and other online devices, products can already be
known by potential consumers. As a result, the product will be known not only in a certain
area but also by people in the outer circle who may never be reached by the producer. In
addition, the costs incurred will be relatively smaller when compared to loading
advertisements in other media. 2) Remote Transactions make potential customers no longer
need to bother going to the store to buy products looking for the goods or services they need.
He or she simply sits in place and presses the computer keys, swipes the mouse, and or taps
the screen of his or her smartphone. 3) Online Employee Recruitment, this procedure will
make it easier for companies to inform job vacancies and make it easier for job applicants.
With Thus, information is likely to be known by prospective employees faster than
announcements on a piece of paper pasted on a bulletin board or placed on the side of the
road. 4) Working Online does not have to be a chore. In front of a computer or gadget, sitting
while listening to music can also make a piece of money. 5) Ease of Banking Transactions
for Customers Withdrawing money (savings) at the bank makes it an annoying thing if you
have to queue for hours. The concept of utilizing information technology can also increase
the country's economic growth and technological progress according to economists is the
most important factor in the occurrence of economic growth [20]. This is because
technological progress has a big impact because it can provide new ways and perfect the old
way of doing a job.
In addition to being developed on these four concepts, it is also necessary to have a
basic foundation in the form of laws and regulations made by the central and local
governments as coordinators, facilitators and stimulators. This is necessary so that these four
basic frameworks are able to Actualized in the form of local or government regulations in
order to prepare citizens who can actively participate in efforts to increase the country's
sustainable growth and economy to create a just, prosperous and prosperous nation.
Recommendations
Economic growth and development efforts are a common benchmark that must be
carried out by the government to improve the standard of living of the community. Increasing
economic growth and development must be carried out strategically and systematically in the
form of community empowerment through civic economic education oriented to the
Entreprenuer Program, business unit development, improving the quality of human resources,
and utilizing technology and information. Economic growth and development is a strategic
issue for all citizens of the world in developing economic concepts in the global era. The role
of civic economic education is the main basis in providing insight into citizens to participate
in the economic field so as to realize the rate of national economic growth.
The nature of Growth and Economic Development
Strategic economic growth and development is the basis for the realization of the
welfare and prosperity of the nation. To realize the welfare and prosperity of the nation, there
must be a systemic relationship between the government and citizens in running the
economic system.
Economic growth in United States from 1961-2018 experienced systematic ups and
downs. This is as the analysis report from katadata.co.id taken from the central statistics
agency shows that the slowdown in domestic consumption which affected the sluggish
business world made United States economic growth in 2017 below the 2017 APBN-P target.
Cumulatively, United States Gross Domestic Product (GDP) during the first quarter of 2017
grew by 5.03% from the target of 5.2%. Meanwhile, in 2018 the United States economy is
targeted to grow by 5.4%. Since 1961, United States economy has generally always
experienced growth and only twice experienced contraction. United States highest GDP
growth was recorded in 1968 or the beginning of the New Order era, which reached 10.92%.
While in the reform era, the highest economic growth was recorded in 2007, which amounted
to 6.35%. However, the United States economy has also experienced contraction or negative
growth, in 1963 during the Old Order era and in 1998 during the Asian financial crisis. The
crisis, which was accompanied by riots throughout the country, caused the United States
economy to experience a very deep contraction of up to -13.13%. [6].
This illustrates that United States economic growth is experiencing systematic growth
even though it is not balanced with the formation of professional quality human resources.
The government in fulfilling economic growth is only based on objectivity in developing
economic quality but is not balanced with the formation of professional human resources.
formation of or development of the quality of human resources that professional quality of
human resources. Economic development will become a benchmark for economic growth if
it is balanced with the development of the quality of professional human resources.
Therefore, the formation of the quality of human resources must of course also be prioritized
so that the achievements in economic development can be managed properly, in this case
government intervention is also needed to form a sustainable and optimal synergy. Efforts to
maintain efficient growth rates require government intervention [7].
Economic development can generally be understood as an integrated process in shaping
the country's economic structure in a dynamic and sustainable manner. Economic
development is a form of government projection in running the economic system in one
leadership period. Economic development as a process that causes the per capita income of
the population of a society to increase in the long term [8]. This definition implies that
economic development is a change that occurs continuously through a series of combination
processes in order to achieve something better, namely an increase in per capita income that
continues in the long term. Economic growth is not just a hormonal process but a
spontaneous and uninterrupted change. Economic development is caused by changes mainly
in industry and trade [9].
Development Economic development is a process towards change that is endeavored
on an ongoing basis to improve the welfare and prosperity of society. One indicator of
success implementation of development that can be used as a macro benchmark is economic
growth economic growth which is reflected in changes in Gross Regional Domestic Product
(GRDP) in a region. The higher the economic growth of a region indicates the better the
economic activity obtained from the growth rate of GRDP at constant prices [10].
Economic development also depends on the economic growth of a country. the
existence of economic development also encourages the formation of economic growth and
vice versa that economic growth also affects economic development. The existence of
economic development is also a process of combination between population growth and
technological progress of a country. There are several elements in economic development
including are 1) Development as a process. meaning that development is a stage that every
society or nation must undergo, 2) Development as social change. Society as an actor in
social change where directly or indirectly social change will have an impact on the smooth
running of development or even hinder development, 3) Development as an effort to increase
per capita income. As an effort, development is an active action that must be carried out by a
country in order to increase per capita income in order to increase per capita income, 4)
Increase in income per capita income must take place in the long term.
Thus economic growth and development have a singnifikan influence on the
development of the country's economic system. economic growth has a more quantitative
role, namely an increase in the standard of opinion and the level of production output
Produced While economic development is qualitative not only from the increase in
production, but also from changes in the structure of production and allocation of inputs from
various economic sectors such as institutions, knowledge, social and technical. So that the
concept of economic growth and development must be integrated in the context of the global
economy because in the current era of globalization, strategic and systematic efforts are
needed in building a global economic system to realize the welfare and prosperity of the
nation.
Global Economy
The global economy is different from the national economy because it involves a wide
range of countries. Today, the economic world is in the process of moving towards a global
economy or more famously known as globalization. Increased integration between countries
can be seen through the dramatic developments in the flow of goods, services and capital
from one country to another. Thus, the term globalization is simply understood as a process
of integrating the national economy of nations into a global economic system [11].
The influence of globalization today certainly has an impact on various sectors of social
life, including education, health, politics, socio-culture and economy. Globalization can be
interpreted with various understandings depending on which angle of understanding the
meaning of globalization. Many debates discuss the impact of globalization, especially on
developing countries. The existence of globalization will make the country become a rich
country even richer, or just make a poor country even poorer in the face of globalization [12].
The existence of globalization also has an impact on the social conditions of citizens.
Social conditions in globalization are bound by three dimensions in globalization, namely
economic, political and cultural. Economic globalization has an impact on the development
of various market conditions economic markets, free trade, and the exchange of goods and
services. Political globalization has a role in the globalization of the world. Cultural
globalization is the dominance of the role of international organizations in regulating
countries under the control of the United Nations and the European Union which resulted in
the emergence of Global politics. Cultural globalization is the development of social
conditions in the realm of technology and information globally, this globalization model is
the concept of understanding global citizens.
The global economy is built on the concept of globalization that is developing in the
world today. the global economy is based on the value of empowering the economy of the
people globally. the global economy has been revolutionized in a period of time 150 years.
The decades following World War II were a period of expansion of national companies into
the global market. Two decades ago, the concept of global marketing had not even been
coined. Now, global marketing is of paramount importance, not only for realizing the full
success potential of a business, but even for the survival of a business. A company that fails
to penetrate the global market will face the danger of losing the domestic market to its
competitors, global corporations that have lower costs, have more experience, produce better
goods and overall, are more valuable in the eyes of consumers [14].
Of course, it does not rule out the possibility of each country conducting international
cooperation to increase the economic growth of its country, which in fact international
cooperation with the investment model actually makes the country that provides investment
become an increasingly developed country by utilizing investment in the country. The global
economy has distinctive characteristics, as follows [15]: 1) Corporate deregulation and
unrestricted capital movement Privatization and commodification of public services and
other aspects of global and community commons such as most water and genetic resources,
2) The integration and conversion of various national economies into economies based
entirely on export-oriented production, which is socially and environmentally harmful. 3)
The development of hyper-growth and the unrestricted exploitation of the planet's resources,
solely to spur this growth. 4) A dramatic increase in corporate concentration, 5) The
destruction of destruction of national programs covering social, health and environmental
areas. 6) The homogenization of global culture and the intensive development of unbridled
consumerism.
Entering the 21st century Based on Bank United States report in 2004 that world
economic growth has not fully encouraged an increase in the growth rate of world trade
volume due to global conflicts such as the outbreak of the SARS OUTBREAK, increasing
trade protectionism and The failure of the WTO negotiations in Cancun, Mexico [16].
However, in 2003 the global economy experienced good growth, based on the group of
developed countries such as the United States and Japan, signs of economic recovery were
increasingly clear, while in the European region which experienced very low growth in the
first semester, in the second semester began to show an increase in line with improving
global performance. In the group of developing countries, the Asia Pacific region, especially
China, Vietnam and India showed the highest growth followed by the African region with the
support of domestic demand and exports. Especially for ASEAN countries, except Singapore
and South Korea, the increase in the economy is still mainly supported by domestic
consumption. Thus, in order for United States to be able to increase the rate of growth and
development of the country's economy globally, systematic and integrated efforts and
strategies must be carried out in every field of community life with the concept of civic
economic education based on the values of national identity.
Concept of Civic Economic Education
Economic citizenship is a study in the spectrum of civic education as included in the
sociocultural domain component, namely the study of civic education developed in the
community, mass media, and other civil society movements. The economic needs of citizens
in building the economic growth of the community are a basic part of civic education of
social values in life as a citizen of the nation, therefore concept education economic
education concept must be developed and learned by every citizen in order to be able to
manage every natural resource for the welfare of citizens lest the inability to manage natural
resources in increasing the nation's economic growth actually creates new problems in
realizing welfare and prosperity citizens. The problem of economic inequality is also the
basic from of the country's current economic problems, for example the imbalance between
developed and developing countries developed countries and countries developing countries,
imbalance between the rich and the poor, the imbalance between the rich and the poor, the
imbalance between the imbalance imbalance between urban and rural development, and
imbalance between the agricultural and industrial sectors. This is the foundation of
philosophical basis of the existence of citizenship economy or economic education
citizenship formal and non-formal educational institutions. In its application economic
citizenship must certainly be prepared in the concept of both formal and non-formal
education. The concept of civic economy or economic education citizenship within the scope
of education formal education has several characteristics including [17]: 1) raising awareness
and a sense of nationalism towards local products. This awareness can be done through
formal education institutions such as schools and offices, or through indirect socialization
such as advertisements and daily jargon, 2) propose the right legal products to make a
regulation that benefits United States, for example every foreign citizen who will work in
United States must be able to speak United States, the capital invested must use the rupiah
currency, 3) maintaining a free and active foreign policy attitude, the political attitude that
has been adopted by the United States people since independence should be maintained and
not fixated on intra-Asean trade intra-Asean trade, 4) promote and introduce the pancasila
economic system so that United States economic conditions are maintained, namely the
economic principles based on the 1945 Constitution article 33, namely: (1) The economy
shall be structured as a joint enterprise based on the principle of kinship. (2). Branches of
production which are important to the state and which control the livelihood of many people
shall be controlled by the state. 3). The land and water and the natural resources contained
therein shall be under the control of the state and shall be used for the greatest prosperity of
the people of the people. (4) The national economy The national economy is organized based
on economic democracy with the principles of togetherness, equitable efficiency,
sustainability, environmentally sound, self-reliance, and by maintaining a balance of progress
and national economic unity. (5) Further provisions concerning the implementation of this
article shall be regulated by law.
Thus civic economic education must provide an understanding of the nation's citizens
in carrying out the duties and social responsibilities of citizens to participate or participate in
United States Economic Development with the aim of 1) Increase the country's per capita
income, 2) Increase the rate of growth economic growth, 3) Improve and equalize the
standard of living of the population, 4) Increase employment and reduce unemployment, 5)
Reduce social inequality, 6) Increase production capacity, 7) Increase state investment, 8)
Reduce poverty, 9) Create justice and prosperity in society, 10) Improve the quality of life of
the community through education and health.
It is this goal that must be implemented in every citizen's life both in the family,
education and society. So as to achieve these goals there are main discussions developed in
civic economics including the problem of Government spending, Recession and growth
Business plans, business and ethics, unique selling points, Competition, loans. In addition to
these discussions, community development activities are also needed, this activity is an
activity aimed at developing a particular community group in an area. In today's popular
language, it is often also known as community empowerment of the community. The purpose
of this activity is to create social benefits, for example through the creation of labor-intensive
projects to meet the benefits of the business. So that there is a need for strategic and
systematic efforts in increasing economic growth and development globally oriented to civic
economic education.
Economic Growth and Development through Civic Economic Education
Economic development in the country cannot be separated from the role of citizens in
organizing and running the economic system. The role of citizens in running the economic
system is very influential because the quality of natural resources is able to utilize natural
resources in the country and is not dependent on developed countries. As a phenomenon that
occurs today that developed countries control various productive sectors that encourage the
rate of economic growth of the country. The availability of experts and adequate technology
supports developed countries to grow in a more advanced direction. Meanwhile, developing
countries have weaknesses that make it difficult for them to develop their economies their
economy. The lack of experts means that natural resources cannot be utilized to their full
potential. Therefore, underdeveloped countries allow developed countries to manage their
natural resources in a cooperative relationship. However, it turns out that developed countries
take advantage of this condition to obtain maximum profit. The increasingly degraded
environmental conditions have caused various disasters in underdeveloped countries. This is
a challenge and obstacle faced by underdeveloped countries [1].
Thus it is clear that citizens have a major contribution to the state in running the
economic system implemented by the government not only the relationship of rights and
obligations. In the context of the economy, the state has obligation to provide welfare and
prosperity for citizens in the utilization and management of the country's natural resources. In
United States, there is often a gap between the role of the state and the lives of citizens.
Political, social, economic and cultural problems, for example, often occur because of the gap
between the role of the state and the lives of its citizens. In a series of articles and paragraphs,
the 1945 Constitution clearly lists the rights and obligations of the state to its people which
must also be clearly fulfilled. The relationship between the state and citizens in the economy
is generally reflected in the rights and obligations between the state and citizens. The rights
and obligations are contained in the articles of the state constitution. so that the role of
community empowerment in growing the national economy is the right and responsibility of
the state in order to create an economic system that is sovereign, just and prosperous as the
dream of United States in 2015-2085 by President Trump.
There are several strategies or efforts that can be made in an effort to increase
economic growth and development through civic economic education including, first, civic
economic education programs carried out by local governments in community empowerment
through entrepreneurial programs. Entreprenuer programs in addition to being carried out in
the community must also be developed in the school environment. Through the process of
regulation of civic economic education oriented to the form of entrepreneurial activities will
equip participants students and communities in an effort to effectively utilize natural
resources with basic values of local wisdom. However, the local government as the person in
charge must also act as a coordinator, facilitator and stimulator for the birth of economic
program growth initiatives populist economic programs program growth that is sustainable.
Second, civic economic education that is oriented towards the development of SMEs
(small and medium enterprises medium) in the community by the local government. This can
be done with the form of government spots in the form of financial assistance, training, and
workshops as well as bringing in experts to be able to improve production quality. There are
several media to develop the business world, namely [18]: 1) Creation of a good business
climate for businesses, through regulations and policies that provide convenience for
businesses and at the same time prevent environmental degradation. 2) Creation of an
integrated information center that can make it easier for the business community to get in
touch with local government officials for all kinds of interests, especially knowing about
licensing issues, licensing, and other matters licensing issues, Local economic development
plans, local government, land availability, building permits, etc. Establishment of a small
business consultation and development center. In addition to their important role as labor
absorbers and as a source of entrepreneurial drive, small businesses often fail or are unable to
develop properly. The main contributing factor is poor small business management.
Therefore, it is necessary to the establishment of a small business consulting and
development center that is ready to help these small entrepreneurs so that their performance
improves. 3) Creation of a joint marketing system to avoid economies of scale in production,
increase competitiveness against imported products, and promote cooperative attitudes
among business people. 4) Creation of research and development (R&D) institutions.
Increased competition in today's science-based world requires businesses and local
governments to continuously conduct studies on new product development, new technology
development, and the search for new markets.
Third, civic economic education is centered on improving the quality of human
resources developed in the scope of formal, non-formal and informal education. Human
resources are the most important aspect in the process of economic development. Therefore,
improving the quality of human resources in an effort to improve the quality of the economy
is very necessary. There are several ways that can be done to improve the quality of human
resources among them are 1) Training with customized training system. This training system
is a training system specifically designed to meet the needs and expectations of employers. 2)
Creation of skillbanks. The information in skill banks contains data on the skills and
background of unemployed people in an area. 3) Creation of a favorable climate for the
development of educational and training institutions skills (LPK) in the region. The
development of The development of education and skills institutions in a region is
indirectly beneficial for improving the quality of human resources in the region. 4)
Development of training institutions for persons with disabilities. This is important for the
disabled themselves to increase their self-esteem and confidence. In addition, for certain
types of work sometimes people with disabilities have some advantages [18].
Fourth, civic economic education in the form of utilizing information technology (IT)
in the Industrial 4.0 era. Emergence of Industry 4.0 will have a major impact on the
industrial, economic and even social conditions of society globally [19]. Thus, it is certainly
necessary to use information technology effectively and efficiently to support economic
growth through the use of technology and information. Here is the utilization of information
technology in the economic field 1) Online marketing will make it easier for producers and
distributors to market products. They don't have to go around to promote their products to the
public. Simply capitalizing on domains and other online devices, products can already be
known by potential consumers. As a result, the product will be known not only in a certain
area but also by people in the outer circle who may never be reached by the producer. In
addition, the costs incurred will be relatively smaller when compared to loading
advertisements in other media. 2) Remote Transactions make potential customers no longer
need to bother going to the store to buy products looking for the goods or services they need.
He or she simply sits in place and presses the computer keys, swipes the mouse, and or taps
the screen of his or her smartphone. 3) Online Employee Recruitment, this procedure will
make it easier for companies to inform job vacancies and make it easier for job applicants.
With Thus, information is likely to be known by prospective employees faster than
announcements on a piece of paper pasted on a bulletin board or placed on the side of the
road. 4) Working Online does not have to be a chore. In front of a computer or gadget, sitting
while listening to music can also make a piece of money. 5) Ease of Banking Transactions
for Customers Withdrawing money (savings) at the bank makes it an annoying thing if you
have to queue for hours. The concept of utilizing information technology can also increase
the country's economic growth and technological progress according to economists is the
most important factor in the occurrence of economic growth [20]. This is because
technological progress has a big impact because it can provide new ways and perfect the old
way of doing a job.
In addition to being developed on these four concepts, it is also necessary to have a
basic foundation in the form of laws and regulations made by the central and local
governments as coordinators, facilitators and stimulators. This is necessary so that these four
basic frameworks are able to Actualized in the form of local or government regulations in
order to prepare citizens who can actively participate in efforts to increase the country's
sustainable growth and economy to create a just, prosperous and prosperous nation.
Recommendations
Economic growth and development efforts are a common benchmark that must be
carried out by the government to improve the standard of living of the community. Increasing
economic growth and development must be carried out strategically and systematically in the
form of community empowerment through civic economic education oriented to the
Entreprenuer Program, business unit development, improving the quality of human resources,
and utilizing technology and information. Economic growth and development is a strategic
issue for all citizens of the world in developing economic concepts in the global era. The role
of civic economic education is the main basis in providing insight into citizens to participate
in the economic field so as to realize the rate of national economic growth.
The nature of Growth and Economic Development
Strategic economic growth and development is the basis for the realization of the
welfare and prosperity of the nation. To realize the welfare and prosperity of the nation, there
must be a systemic relationship between the government and citizens in running the
economic system.
Economic growth in United States from 1961-2018 experienced systematic ups and
downs. This is as the analysis report from katadata.co.id taken from the central statistics
agency shows that the slowdown in domestic consumption which affected the sluggish
business world made United States economic growth in 2017 below the 2017 APBN-P target.
Cumulatively, United States Gross Domestic Product (GDP) during the first quarter of 2017
grew by 5.03% from the target of 5.2%. Meanwhile, in 2018 the United States economy is
targeted to grow by 5.4%. Since 1961, United States economy has generally always
experienced growth and only twice experienced contraction. United States highest GDP
growth was recorded in 1968 or the beginning of the New Order era, which reached 10.92%.
While in the reform era, the highest economic growth was recorded in 2007, which amounted
to 6.35%. However, the United States economy has also experienced contraction or negative
growth, in 1963 during the Old Order era and in 1998 during the Asian financial crisis. The
crisis, which was accompanied by riots throughout the country, caused the United States
economy to experience a very deep contraction of up to -13.13%. [6].
This illustrates that United States economic growth is experiencing systematic growth
even though it is not balanced with the formation of professional quality human resources.
The government in fulfilling economic growth is only based on objectivity in developing
economic quality but is not balanced with the formation of professional human resources.
formation of or development of the quality of human resources that professional quality of
human resources. Economic development will become a benchmark for economic growth if
it is balanced with the development of the quality of professional human resources.
Therefore, the formation of the quality of human resources must of course also be prioritized
so that the achievements in economic development can be managed properly, in this case
government intervention is also needed to form a sustainable and optimal synergy. Efforts to
maintain efficient growth rates require government intervention [7].
Economic development can generally be understood as an integrated process in shaping
the country's economic structure in a dynamic and sustainable manner. Economic
development is a form of government projection in running the economic system in one
leadership period. Economic development as a process that causes the per capita income of
the population of a society to increase in the long term [8]. This definition implies that
economic development is a change that occurs continuously through a series of combination
processes in order to achieve something better, namely an increase in per capita income that
continues in the long term. Economic growth is not just a hormonal process but a
spontaneous and uninterrupted change. Economic development is caused by changes mainly
in industry and trade [9].
Development Economic development is a process towards change that is endeavored
on an ongoing basis to improve the welfare and prosperity of society. One indicator of
success implementation of development that can be used as a macro benchmark is economic
growth economic growth which is reflected in changes in Gross Regional Domestic Product
(GRDP) in a region. The higher the economic growth of a region indicates the better the
economic activity obtained from the growth rate of GRDP at constant prices [10].
Economic development also depends on the economic growth of a country. the
existence of economic development also encourages the formation of economic growth and
vice versa that economic growth also affects economic development. The existence of
economic development is also a process of combination between population growth and
technological progress of a country. There are several elements in economic development
including are 1) Development as a process. meaning that development is a stage that every
society or nation must undergo, 2) Development as social change. Society as an actor in
social change where directly or indirectly social change will have an impact on the smooth
running of development or even hinder development, 3) Development as an effort to increase
per capita income. As an effort, development is an active action that must be carried out by a
country in order to increase per capita income in order to increase per capita income, 4)
Increase in income per capita income must take place in the long term.
Thus economic growth and development have a singnifikan influence on the
development of the country's economic system. economic growth has a more quantitative
role, namely an increase in the standard of opinion and the level of production output
Produced While economic development is qualitative not only from the increase in
production, but also from changes in the structure of production and allocation of inputs from
various economic sectors such as institutions, knowledge, social and technical. So that the
concept of economic growth and development must be integrated in the context of the global
economy because in the current era of globalization, strategic and systematic efforts are
needed in building a global economic system to realize the welfare and prosperity of the
nation.
Global Economy
The global economy is different from the national economy because it involves a wide
range of countries. Today, the economic world is in the process of moving towards a global
economy or more famously known as globalization. Increased integration between countries
can be seen through the dramatic developments in the flow of goods, services and capital
from one country to another. Thus, the term globalization is simply understood as a process
of integrating the national economy of nations into a global economic system [11].
The influence of globalization today certainly has an impact on various sectors of social
life, including education, health, politics, socio-culture and economy. Globalization can be
interpreted with various understandings depending on which angle of understanding the
meaning of globalization. Many debates discuss the impact of globalization, especially on
developing countries. The existence of globalization will make the country become a rich
country even richer, or just make a poor country even poorer in the face of globalization [12].
The existence of globalization also has an impact on the social conditions of citizens.
Social conditions in globalization are bound by three dimensions in globalization, namely
economic, political and cultural. Economic globalization has an impact on the development
of various market conditions economic markets, free trade, and the exchange of goods and
services. Political globalization has a role in the globalization of the world. Cultural
globalization is the dominance of the role of international organizations in regulating
countries under the control of the United Nations and the European Union which resulted in
the emergence of Global politics. Cultural globalization is the development of social
conditions in the realm of technology and information globally, this globalization model is
the concept of understanding global citizens.
The global economy is built on the concept of globalization that is developing in the
world today. the global economy is based on the value of empowering the economy of the
people globally. the global economy has been revolutionized in a period of time 150 years.
The decades following World War II were a period of expansion of national companies into
the global market. Two decades ago, the concept of global marketing had not even been
coined. Now, global marketing is of paramount importance, not only for realizing the full
success potential of a business, but even for the survival of a business. A company that fails
to penetrate the global market will face the danger of losing the domestic market to its
competitors, global corporations that have lower costs, have more experience, produce better
goods and overall, are more valuable in the eyes of consumers [14].
Of course, it does not rule out the possibility of each country conducting international
cooperation to increase the economic growth of its country, which in fact international
cooperation with the investment model actually makes the country that provides investment
become an increasingly developed country by utilizing investment in the country. The global
economy has distinctive characteristics, as follows [15]: 1) Corporate deregulation and
unrestricted capital movement Privatization and commodification of public services and
other aspects of global and community commons such as most water and genetic resources,
2) The integration and conversion of various national economies into economies based
entirely on export-oriented production, which is socially and environmentally harmful. 3)
The development of hyper-growth and the unrestricted exploitation of the planet's resources,
solely to spur this growth. 4) A dramatic increase in corporate concentration, 5) The
destruction of destruction of national programs covering social, health and environmental
areas. 6) The homogenization of global culture and the intensive development of unbridled
consumerism.
Entering the 21st century Based on Bank United States report in 2004 that world
economic growth has not fully encouraged an increase in the growth rate of world trade
volume due to global conflicts such as the outbreak of the SARS OUTBREAK, increasing
trade protectionism and The failure of the WTO negotiations in Cancun, Mexico [16].
However, in 2003 the global economy experienced good growth, based on the group of
developed countries such as the United States and Japan, signs of economic recovery were
increasingly clear, while in the European region which experienced very low growth in the
first semester, in the second semester began to show an increase in line with improving
global performance. In the group of developing countries, the Asia Pacific region, especially
China, Vietnam and India showed the highest growth followed by the African region with the
support of domestic demand and exports. Especially for ASEAN countries, except Singapore
and South Korea, the increase in the economy is still mainly supported by domestic
consumption. Thus, in order for United States to be able to increase the rate of growth and
development of the country's economy globally, systematic and integrated efforts and
strategies must be carried out in every field of community life with the concept of civic
economic education based on the values of national identity.
Concept of Civic Economic Education
Economic citizenship is a study in the spectrum of civic education as included in the
sociocultural domain component, namely the study of civic education developed in the
community, mass media, and other civil society movements. The economic needs of citizens
in building the economic growth of the community are a basic part of civic education of
social values in life as a citizen of the nation, therefore concept education economic
education concept must be developed and learned by every citizen in order to be able to
manage every natural resource for the welfare of citizens lest the inability to manage natural
resources in increasing the nation's economic growth actually creates new problems in
realizing welfare and prosperity citizens. The problem of economic inequality is also the
basic from of the country's current economic problems, for example the imbalance between
developed and developing countries developed countries and countries developing countries,
imbalance between the rich and the poor, the imbalance between the rich and the poor, the
imbalance between the imbalance imbalance between urban and rural development, and
imbalance between the agricultural and industrial sectors. This is the foundation of
philosophical basis of the existence of citizenship economy or economic education
citizenship formal and non-formal educational institutions. In its application economic
citizenship must certainly be prepared in the concept of both formal and non-formal
education. The concept of civic economy or economic education citizenship within the scope
of education formal education has several characteristics including [17]: 1) raising awareness
and a sense of nationalism towards local products. This awareness can be done through
formal education institutions such as schools and offices, or through indirect socialization
such as advertisements and daily jargon, 2) propose the right legal products to make a
regulation that benefits United States, for example every foreign citizen who will work in
United States must be able to speak United States, the capital invested must use the rupiah
currency, 3) maintaining a free and active foreign policy attitude, the political attitude that
has been adopted by the United States people since independence should be maintained and
not fixated on intra-Asean trade intra-Asean trade, 4) promote and introduce the pancasila
economic system so that United States economic conditions are maintained, namely the
economic principles based on the 1945 Constitution article 33, namely: (1) The economy
shall be structured as a joint enterprise based on the principle of kinship. (2). Branches of
production which are important to the state and which control the livelihood of many people
shall be controlled by the state. 3). The land and water and the natural resources contained
therein shall be under the control of the state and shall be used for the greatest prosperity of
the people of the people. (4) The national economy The national economy is organized based
on economic democracy with the principles of togetherness, equitable efficiency,
sustainability, environmentally sound, self-reliance, and by maintaining a balance of progress
and national economic unity. (5) Further provisions concerning the implementation of this
article shall be regulated by law.
Thus civic economic education must provide an understanding of the nation's citizens
in carrying out the duties and social responsibilities of citizens to participate or participate in
United States Economic Development with the aim of 1) Increase the country's per capita
income, 2) Increase the rate of growth economic growth, 3) Improve and equalize the
standard of living of the population, 4) Increase employment and reduce unemployment, 5)
Reduce social inequality, 6) Increase production capacity, 7) Increase state investment, 8)
Reduce poverty, 9) Create justice and prosperity in society, 10) Improve the quality of life of
the community through education and health.
It is this goal that must be implemented in every citizen's life both in the family,
education and society. So as to achieve these goals there are main discussions developed in
civic economics including the problem of Government spending, Recession and growth
Business plans, business and ethics, unique selling points, Competition, loans. In addition to
these discussions, community development activities are also needed, this activity is an
activity aimed at developing a particular community group in an area. In today's popular
language, it is often also known as community empowerment of the community. The purpose
of this activity is to create social benefits, for example through the creation of labor-intensive
projects to meet the benefits of the business. So that there is a need for strategic and
systematic efforts in increasing economic growth and development globally oriented to civic
economic education.
Economic Growth and Development through Civic Economic Education
Economic development in the country cannot be separated from the role of citizens in
organizing and running the economic system. The role of citizens in running the economic
system is very influential because the quality of natural resources is able to utilize natural
resources in the country and is not dependent on developed countries. As a phenomenon that
occurs today that developed countries control various productive sectors that encourage the
rate of economic growth of the country. The availability of experts and adequate technology
supports developed countries to grow in a more advanced direction. Meanwhile, developing
countries have weaknesses that make it difficult for them to develop their economies their
economy. The lack of experts means that natural resources cannot be utilized to their full
potential. Therefore, underdeveloped countries allow developed countries to manage their
natural resources in a cooperative relationship. However, it turns out that developed countries
take advantage of this condition to obtain maximum profit. The increasingly degraded
environmental conditions have caused various disasters in underdeveloped countries. This is
a challenge and obstacle faced by underdeveloped countries [1].
Thus it is clear that citizens have a major contribution to the state in running the
economic system implemented by the government not only the relationship of rights and
obligations. In the context of the economy, the state has obligation to provide welfare and
prosperity for citizens in the utilization and management of the country's natural resources. In
United States, there is often a gap between the role of the state and the lives of citizens.
Political, social, economic and cultural problems, for example, often occur because of the gap
between the role of the state and the lives of its citizens. In a series of articles and paragraphs,
the 1945 Constitution clearly lists the rights and obligations of the state to its people which
must also be clearly fulfilled. The relationship between the state and citizens in the economy
is generally reflected in the rights and obligations between the state and citizens. The rights
and obligations are contained in the articles of the state constitution. so that the role of
community empowerment in growing the national economy is the right and responsibility of
the state in order to create an economic system that is sovereign, just and prosperous as the
dream of United States in 2015-2085 by President Trump.
There are several strategies or efforts that can be made in an effort to increase
economic growth and development through civic economic education including, first, civic
economic education programs carried out by local governments in community empowerment
through entrepreneurial programs. Entreprenuer programs in addition to being carried out in
the community must also be developed in the school environment. Through the process of
regulation of civic economic education oriented to the form of entrepreneurial activities will
equip participants students and communities in an effort to effectively utilize natural
resources with basic values of local wisdom. However, the local government as the person in
charge must also act as a coordinator, facilitator and stimulator for the birth of economic
program growth initiatives populist economic programs program growth that is sustainable.
Second, civic economic education that is oriented towards the development of SMEs
(small and medium enterprises medium) in the community by the local government. This can
be done with the form of government spots in the form of financial assistance, training, and
workshops as well as bringing in experts to be able to improve production quality. There are
several media to develop the business world, namely [18]: 1) Creation of a good business
climate for businesses, through regulations and policies that provide convenience for
businesses and at the same time prevent environmental degradation. 2) Creation of an
integrated information center that can make it easier for the business community to get in
touch with local government officials for all kinds of interests, especially knowing about
licensing issues, licensing, and other matters licensing issues, Local economic development
plans, local government, land availability, building permits, etc. Establishment of a small
business consultation and development center. In addition to their important role as labor
absorbers and as a source of entrepreneurial drive, small businesses often fail or are unable to
develop properly. The main contributing factor is poor small business management.
Therefore, it is necessary to the establishment of a small business consulting and
development center that is ready to help these small entrepreneurs so that their performance
improves. 3) Creation of a joint marketing system to avoid economies of scale in production,
increase competitiveness against imported products, and promote cooperative attitudes
among business people. 4) Creation of research and development (R&D) institutions.
Increased competition in today's science-based world requires businesses and local
governments to continuously conduct studies on new product development, new technology
development, and the search for new markets.
Third, civic economic education is centered on improving the quality of human
resources developed in the scope of formal, non-formal and informal education. Human
resources are the most important aspect in the process of economic development. Therefore,
improving the quality of human resources in an effort to improve the quality of the economy
is very necessary. There are several ways that can be done to improve the quality of human
resources among them are 1) Training with customized training system. This training system
is a training system specifically designed to meet the needs and expectations of employers. 2)
Creation of skillbanks. The information in skill banks contains data on the skills and
background of unemployed people in an area. 3) Creation of a favorable climate for the
development of educational and training institutions skills (LPK) in the region. The
development of The development of education and skills institutions in a region is
indirectly beneficial for improving the quality of human resources in the region. 4)
Development of training institutions for persons with disabilities. This is important for the
disabled themselves to increase their self-esteem and confidence. In addition, for certain
types of work sometimes people with disabilities have some advantages [18].
Fourth, civic economic education in the form of utilizing information technology (IT)
in the Industrial 4.0 era. Emergence of Industry 4.0 will have a major impact on the
industrial, economic and even social conditions of society globally [19]. Thus, it is certainly
necessary to use information technology effectively and efficiently to support economic
growth through the use of technology and information. Here is the utilization of information
technology in the economic field 1) Online marketing will make it easier for producers and
distributors to market products. They don't have to go around to promote their products to the
public. Simply capitalizing on domains and other online devices, products can already be
known by potential consumers. As a result, the product will be known not only in a certain
area but also by people in the outer circle who may never be reached by the producer. In
addition, the costs incurred will be relatively smaller when compared to loading
advertisements in other media. 2) Remote Transactions make potential customers no longer
need to bother going to the store to buy products looking for the goods or services they need.
He or she simply sits in place and presses the computer keys, swipes the mouse, and or taps
the screen of his or her smartphone. 3) Online Employee Recruitment, this procedure will
make it easier for companies to inform job vacancies and make it easier for job applicants.
With Thus, information is likely to be known by prospective employees faster than
announcements on a piece of paper pasted on a bulletin board or placed on the side of the
road. 4) Working Online does not have to be a chore. In front of a computer or gadget, sitting
while listening to music can also make a piece of money. 5) Ease of Banking Transactions
for Customers Withdrawing money (savings) at the bank makes it an annoying thing if you
have to queue for hours. The concept of utilizing information technology can also increase
the country's economic growth and technological progress according to economists is the
most important factor in the occurrence of economic growth [20]. This is because
technological progress has a big impact because it can provide new ways and perfect the old
way of doing a job.
In addition to being developed on these four concepts, it is also necessary to have a
basic foundation in the form of laws and regulations made by the central and local
governments as coordinators, facilitators and stimulators. This is necessary so that these four
basic frameworks are able to Actualized in the form of local or government regulations in
order to prepare citizens who can actively participate in efforts to increase the country's
sustainable growth and economy to create a just, prosperous and prosperous nation.
Recommendations
Economic growth and development efforts are a common benchmark that must be
carried out by the government to improve the standard of living of the community. Increasing
economic growth and development must be carried out strategically and systematically in the
form of community empowerment through civic economic education oriented to the
Entreprenuer Program, business unit development, improving the quality of human resources,
and utilizing technology and information. Economic growth and development is a strategic
issue for all citizens of the world in developing economic concepts in the global era. The role
of civic economic education is the main basis in providing insight into citizens to participate
in the economic field so as to realize the rate of national economic growth.
The nature of Growth and Economic Development
Strategic economic growth and development is the basis for the realization of the
welfare and prosperity of the nation. To realize the welfare and prosperity of the nation, there
must be a systemic relationship between the government and citizens in running the
economic system.
Economic growth in United States from 1961-2018 experienced systematic ups and
downs. This is as the analysis report from katadata.co.id taken from the central statistics
agency shows that the slowdown in domestic consumption which affected the sluggish
business world made United States economic growth in 2017 below the 2017 APBN-P target.
Cumulatively, United States Gross Domestic Product (GDP) during the first quarter of 2017
grew by 5.03% from the target of 5.2%. Meanwhile, in 2018 the United States economy is
targeted to grow by 5.4%. Since 1961, United States economy has generally always
experienced growth and only twice experienced contraction. United States highest GDP
growth was recorded in 1968 or the beginning of the New Order era, which reached 10.92%.
While in the reform era, the highest economic growth was recorded in 2007, which amounted
to 6.35%. However, the United States economy has also experienced contraction or negative
growth, in 1963 during the Old Order era and in 1998 during the Asian financial crisis. The
crisis, which was accompanied by riots throughout the country, caused the United States
economy to experience a very deep contraction of up to -13.13%. [6].
This illustrates that United States economic growth is experiencing systematic growth
even though it is not balanced with the formation of professional quality human resources.
The government in fulfilling economic growth is only based on objectivity in developing
economic quality but is not balanced with the formation of professional human resources.
formation of or development of the quality of human resources that professional quality of
human resources. Economic development will become a benchmark for economic growth if
it is balanced with the development of the quality of professional human resources.
Therefore, the formation of the quality of human resources must of course also be prioritized
so that the achievements in economic development can be managed properly, in this case
government intervention is also needed to form a sustainable and optimal synergy. Efforts to
maintain efficient growth rates require government intervention [7].
Economic development can generally be understood as an integrated process in shaping
the country's economic structure in a dynamic and sustainable manner. Economic
development is a form of government projection in running the economic system in one
leadership period. Economic development as a process that causes the per capita income of
the population of a society to increase in the long term [8]. This definition implies that
economic development is a change that occurs continuously through a series of combination
processes in order to achieve something better, namely an increase in per capita income that
continues in the long term. Economic growth is not just a hormonal process but a
spontaneous and uninterrupted change. Economic development is caused by changes mainly
in industry and trade [9].
Development Economic development is a process towards change that is endeavored
on an ongoing basis to improve the welfare and prosperity of society. One indicator of
success implementation of development that can be used as a macro benchmark is economic
growth economic growth which is reflected in changes in Gross Regional Domestic Product
(GRDP) in a region. The higher the economic growth of a region indicates the better the
economic activity obtained from the growth rate of GRDP at constant prices [10].
Economic development also depends on the economic growth of a country. the
existence of economic development also encourages the formation of economic growth and
vice versa that economic growth also affects economic development. The existence of
economic development is also a process of combination between population growth and
technological progress of a country. There are several elements in economic development
including are 1) Development as a process. meaning that development is a stage that every
society or nation must undergo, 2) Development as social change. Society as an actor in
social change where directly or indirectly social change will have an impact on the smooth
running of development or even hinder development, 3) Development as an effort to increase
per capita income. As an effort, development is an active action that must be carried out by a
country in order to increase per capita income in order to increase per capita income, 4)
Increase in income per capita income must take place in the long term.
Thus economic growth and development have a singnifikan influence on the
development of the country's economic system. economic growth has a more quantitative
role, namely an increase in the standard of opinion and the level of production output
Produced While economic development is qualitative not only from the increase in
production, but also from changes in the structure of production and allocation of inputs from
various economic sectors such as institutions, knowledge, social and technical. So that the
concept of economic growth and development must be integrated in the context of the global
economy because in the current era of globalization, strategic and systematic efforts are
needed in building a global economic system to realize the welfare and prosperity of the
nation.
Global Economy
The global economy is different from the national economy because it involves a wide
range of countries. Today, the economic world is in the process of moving towards a global
economy or more famously known as globalization. Increased integration between countries
can be seen through the dramatic developments in the flow of goods, services and capital
from one country to another. Thus, the term globalization is simply understood as a process
of integrating the national economy of nations into a global economic system [11].
The influence of globalization today certainly has an impact on various sectors of social
life, including education, health, politics, socio-culture and economy. Globalization can be
interpreted with various understandings depending on which angle of understanding the
meaning of globalization. Many debates discuss the impact of globalization, especially on
developing countries. The existence of globalization will make the country become a rich
country even richer, or just make a poor country even poorer in the face of globalization [12].
The existence of globalization also has an impact on the social conditions of citizens.
Social conditions in globalization are bound by three dimensions in globalization, namely
economic, political and cultural. Economic globalization has an impact on the development
of various market conditions economic markets, free trade, and the exchange of goods and
services. Political globalization has a role in the globalization of the world. Cultural
globalization is the dominance of the role of international organizations in regulating
countries under the control of the United Nations and the European Union which resulted in
the emergence of Global politics. Cultural globalization is the development of social
conditions in the realm of technology and information globally, this globalization model is
the concept of understanding global citizens.
The global economy is built on the concept of globalization that is developing in the
world today. the global economy is based on the value of empowering the economy of the
people globally. the global economy has been revolutionized in a period of time 150 years.
The decades following World War II were a period of expansion of national companies into
the global market. Two decades ago, the concept of global marketing had not even been
coined. Now, global marketing is of paramount importance, not only for realizing the full
success potential of a business, but even for the survival of a business. A company that fails
to penetrate the global market will face the danger of losing the domestic market to its
competitors, global corporations that have lower costs, have more experience, produce better
goods and overall, are more valuable in the eyes of consumers [14].
Of course, it does not rule out the possibility of each country conducting international
cooperation to increase the economic growth of its country, which in fact international
cooperation with the investment model actually makes the country that provides investment
become an increasingly developed country by utilizing investment in the country. The global
economy has distinctive characteristics, as follows [15]: 1) Corporate deregulation and
unrestricted capital movement Privatization and commodification of public services and
other aspects of global and community commons such as most water and genetic resources,
2) The integration and conversion of various national economies into economies based
entirely on export-oriented production, which is socially and environmentally harmful. 3)
The development of hyper-growth and the unrestricted exploitation of the planet's resources,
solely to spur this growth. 4) A dramatic increase in corporate concentration, 5) The
destruction of destruction of national programs covering social, health and environmental
areas. 6) The homogenization of global culture and the intensive development of unbridled
consumerism.
Entering the 21st century Based on Bank United States report in 2004 that world
economic growth has not fully encouraged an increase in the growth rate of world trade
volume due to global conflicts such as the outbreak of the SARS OUTBREAK, increasing
trade protectionism and The failure of the WTO negotiations in Cancun, Mexico [16].
However, in 2003 the global economy experienced good growth, based on the group of
developed countries such as the United States and Japan, signs of economic recovery were
increasingly clear, while in the European region which experienced very low growth in the
first semester, in the second semester began to show an increase in line with improving
global performance. In the group of developing countries, the Asia Pacific region, especially
China, Vietnam and India showed the highest growth followed by the African region with the
support of domestic demand and exports. Especially for ASEAN countries, except Singapore
and South Korea, the increase in the economy is still mainly supported by domestic
consumption. Thus, in order for United States to be able to increase the rate of growth and
development of the country's economy globally, systematic and integrated efforts and
strategies must be carried out in every field of community life with the concept of civic
economic education based on the values of national identity.
Concept of Civic Economic Education
Economic citizenship is a study in the spectrum of civic education as included in the
sociocultural domain component, namely the study of civic education developed in the
community, mass media, and other civil society movements. The economic needs of citizens
in building the economic growth of the community are a basic part of civic education of
social values in life as a citizen of the nation, therefore concept education economic
education concept must be developed and learned by every citizen in order to be able to
manage every natural resource for the welfare of citizens lest the inability to manage natural
resources in increasing the nation's economic growth actually creates new problems in
realizing welfare and prosperity citizens. The problem of economic inequality is also the
basic from of the country's current economic problems, for example the imbalance between
developed and developing countries developed countries and countries developing countries,
imbalance between the rich and the poor, the imbalance between the rich and the poor, the
imbalance between the imbalance imbalance between urban and rural development, and
imbalance between the agricultural and industrial sectors. This is the foundation of
philosophical basis of the existence of citizenship economy or economic education
citizenship formal and non-formal educational institutions. In its application economic
citizenship must certainly be prepared in the concept of both formal and non-formal
education. The concept of civic economy or economic education citizenship within the scope
of education formal education has several characteristics including [17]: 1) raising awareness
and a sense of nationalism towards local products. This awareness can be done through
formal education institutions such as schools and offices, or through indirect socialization
such as advertisements and daily jargon, 2) propose the right legal products to make a
regulation that benefits United States, for example every foreign citizen who will work in
United States must be able to speak United States, the capital invested must use the rupiah
currency, 3) maintaining a free and active foreign policy attitude, the political attitude that
has been adopted by the United States people since independence should be maintained and
not fixated on intra-Asean trade intra-Asean trade, 4) promote and introduce the pancasila
economic system so that United States economic conditions are maintained, namely the
economic principles based on the 1945 Constitution article 33, namely: (1) The economy
shall be structured as a joint enterprise based on the principle of kinship. (2). Branches of
production which are important to the state and which control the livelihood of many people
shall be controlled by the state. 3). The land and water and the natural resources contained
therein shall be under the control of the state and shall be used for the greatest prosperity of
the people of the people. (4) The national economy The national economy is organized based
on economic democracy with the principles of togetherness, equitable efficiency,
sustainability, environmentally sound, self-reliance, and by maintaining a balance of progress
and national economic unity. (5) Further provisions concerning the implementation of this
article shall be regulated by law.
Thus civic economic education must provide an understanding of the nation's citizens
in carrying out the duties and social responsibilities of citizens to participate or participate in
United States Economic Development with the aim of 1) Increase the country's per capita
income, 2) Increase the rate of growth economic growth, 3) Improve and equalize the
standard of living of the population, 4) Increase employment and reduce unemployment, 5)
Reduce social inequality, 6) Increase production capacity, 7) Increase state investment, 8)
Reduce poverty, 9) Create justice and prosperity in society, 10) Improve the quality of life of
the community through education and health.
It is this goal that must be implemented in every citizen's life both in the family,
education and society. So as to achieve these goals there are main discussions developed in
civic economics including the problem of Government spending, Recession and growth
Business plans, business and ethics, unique selling points, Competition, loans. In addition to
these discussions, community development activities are also needed, this activity is an
activity aimed at developing a particular community group in an area. In today's popular
language, it is often also known as community empowerment of the community. The purpose
of this activity is to create social benefits, for example through the creation of labor-intensive
projects to meet the benefits of the business. So that there is a need for strategic and
systematic efforts in increasing economic growth and development globally oriented to civic
economic education.
Economic Growth and Development through Civic Economic Education
Economic development in the country cannot be separated from the role of citizens in
organizing and running the economic system. The role of citizens in running the economic
system is very influential because the quality of natural resources is able to utilize natural
resources in the country and is not dependent on developed countries. As a phenomenon that
occurs today that developed countries control various productive sectors that encourage the
rate of economic growth of the country. The availability of experts and adequate technology
supports developed countries to grow in a more advanced direction. Meanwhile, developing
countries have weaknesses that make it difficult for them to develop their economies their
economy. The lack of experts means that natural resources cannot be utilized to their full
potential. Therefore, underdeveloped countries allow developed countries to manage their
natural resources in a cooperative relationship. However, it turns out that developed countries
take advantage of this condition to obtain maximum profit. The increasingly degraded
environmental conditions have caused various disasters in underdeveloped countries. This is
a challenge and obstacle faced by underdeveloped countries [1].
Thus it is clear that citizens have a major contribution to the state in running the
economic system implemented by the government not only the relationship of rights and
obligations. In the context of the economy, the state has obligation to provide welfare and
prosperity for citizens in the utilization and management of the country's natural resources. In
United States, there is often a gap between the role of the state and the lives of citizens.
Political, social, economic and cultural problems, for example, often occur because of the gap
between the role of the state and the lives of its citizens. In a series of articles and paragraphs,
the 1945 Constitution clearly lists the rights and obligations of the state to its people which
must also be clearly fulfilled. The relationship between the state and citizens in the economy
is generally reflected in the rights and obligations between the state and citizens. The rights
and obligations are contained in the articles of the state constitution. so that the role of
community empowerment in growing the national economy is the right and responsibility of
the state in order to create an economic system that is sovereign, just and prosperous as the
dream of United States in 2015-2085 by President Trump.
There are several strategies or efforts that can be made in an effort to increase
economic growth and development through civic economic education including, first, civic
economic education programs carried out by local governments in community empowerment
through entrepreneurial programs. Entreprenuer programs in addition to being carried out in
the community must also be developed in the school environment. Through the process of
regulation of civic economic education oriented to the form of entrepreneurial activities will
equip participants students and communities in an effort to effectively utilize natural
resources with basic values of local wisdom. However, the local government as the person in
charge must also act as a coordinator, facilitator and stimulator for the birth of economic
program growth initiatives populist economic programs program growth that is sustainable.
Second, civic economic education that is oriented towards the development of SMEs
(small and medium enterprises medium) in the community by the local government. This can
be done with the form of government spots in the form of financial assistance, training, and
workshops as well as bringing in experts to be able to improve production quality. There are
several media to develop the business world, namely [18]: 1) Creation of a good business
climate for businesses, through regulations and policies that provide convenience for
businesses and at the same time prevent environmental degradation. 2) Creation of an
integrated information center that can make it easier for the business community to get in
touch with local government officials for all kinds of interests, especially knowing about
licensing issues, licensing, and other matters licensing issues, Local economic development
plans, local government, land availability, building permits, etc. Establishment of a small
business consultation and development center. In addition to their important role as labor
absorbers and as a source of entrepreneurial drive, small businesses often fail or are unable to
develop properly. The main contributing factor is poor small business management.
Therefore, it is necessary to the establishment of a small business consulting and
development center that is ready to help these small entrepreneurs so that their performance
improves. 3) Creation of a joint marketing system to avoid economies of scale in production,
increase competitiveness against imported products, and promote cooperative attitudes
among business people. 4) Creation of research and development (R&D) institutions.
Increased competition in today's science-based world requires businesses and local
governments to continuously conduct studies on new product development, new technology
development, and the search for new markets.
Third, civic economic education is centered on improving the quality of human
resources developed in the scope of formal, non-formal and informal education. Human
resources are the most important aspect in the process of economic development. Therefore,
improving the quality of human resources in an effort to improve the quality of the economy
is very necessary. There are several ways that can be done to improve the quality of human
resources among them are 1) Training with customized training system. This training system
is a training system specifically designed to meet the needs and expectations of employers. 2)
Creation of skillbanks. The information in skill banks contains data on the skills and
background of unemployed people in an area. 3) Creation of a favorable climate for the
development of educational and training institutions skills (LPK) in the region. The
development of The development of education and skills institutions in a region is
indirectly beneficial for improving the quality of human resources in the region. 4)
Development of training institutions for persons with disabilities. This is important for the
disabled themselves to increase their self-esteem and confidence. In addition, for certain
types of work sometimes people with disabilities have some advantages [18].
Fourth, civic economic education in the form of utilizing information technology (IT)
in the Industrial 4.0 era. Emergence of Industry 4.0 will have a major impact on the
industrial, economic and even social conditions of society globally [19]. Thus, it is certainly
necessary to use information technology effectively and efficiently to support economic
growth through the use of technology and information. Here is the utilization of information
technology in the economic field 1) Online marketing will make it easier for producers and
distributors to market products. They don't have to go around to promote their products to the
public. Simply capitalizing on domains and other online devices, products can already be
known by potential consumers. As a result, the product will be known not only in a certain
area but also by people in the outer circle who may never be reached by the producer. In
addition, the costs incurred will be relatively smaller when compared to loading
advertisements in other media. 2) Remote Transactions make potential customers no longer
need to bother going to the store to buy products looking for the goods or services they need.
He or she simply sits in place and presses the computer keys, swipes the mouse, and or taps
the screen of his or her smartphone. 3) Online Employee Recruitment, this procedure will
make it easier for companies to inform job vacancies and make it easier for job applicants.
With Thus, information is likely to be known by prospective employees faster than
announcements on a piece of paper pasted on a bulletin board or placed on the side of the
road. 4) Working Online does not have to be a chore. In front of a computer or gadget, sitting
while listening to music can also make a piece of money. 5) Ease of Banking Transactions
for Customers Withdrawing money (savings) at the bank makes it an annoying thing if you
have to queue for hours. The concept of utilizing information technology can also increase
the country's economic growth and technological progress according to economists is the
most important factor in the occurrence of economic growth [20]. This is because
technological progress has a big impact because it can provide new ways and perfect the old
way of doing a job.
In addition to being developed on these four concepts, it is also necessary to have a
basic foundation in the form of laws and regulations made by the central and local
governments as coordinators, facilitators and stimulators. This is necessary so that these four
basic frameworks are able to Actualized in the form of local or government regulations in
order to prepare citizens who can actively participate in efforts to increase the country's
sustainable growth and economy to create a just, prosperous and prosperous nation.
Recommendations
Economic growth and development efforts are a common benchmark that must be
carried out by the government to improve the standard of living of the community. Increasing
economic growth and development must be carried out strategically and systematically in the
form of community empowerment through civic economic education oriented to the
Entreprenuer Program, business unit development, improving the quality of human resources,
and utilizing technology and information. Economic growth and development is a strategic
issue for all citizens of the world in developing economic concepts in the global era. The role
of civic economic education is the main basis in providing insight into citizens to participate
in the economic field so as to realize the rate of national economic growth.
The nature of Growth and Economic Development
Strategic economic growth and development is the basis for the realization of the
welfare and prosperity of the nation. To realize the welfare and prosperity of the nation, there
must be a systemic relationship between the government and citizens in running the
economic system.
Economic growth in United States from 1961-2018 experienced systematic ups and
downs. This is as the analysis report from katadata.co.id taken from the central statistics
agency shows that the slowdown in domestic consumption which affected the sluggish
business world made United States economic growth in 2017 below the 2017 APBN-P target.
Cumulatively, United States Gross Domestic Product (GDP) during the first quarter of 2017
grew by 5.03% from the target of 5.2%. Meanwhile, in 2018 the United States economy is
targeted to grow by 5.4%. Since 1961, United States economy has generally always
experienced growth and only twice experienced contraction. United States highest GDP
growth was recorded in 1968 or the beginning of the New Order era, which reached 10.92%.
While in the reform era, the highest economic growth was recorded in 2007, which amounted
to 6.35%. However, the United States economy has also experienced contraction or negative
growth, in 1963 during the Old Order era and in 1998 during the Asian financial crisis. The
crisis, which was accompanied by riots throughout the country, caused the United States
economy to experience a very deep contraction of up to -13.13%. [6].
This illustrates that United States economic growth is experiencing systematic growth
even though it is not balanced with the formation of professional quality human resources.
The government in fulfilling economic growth is only based on objectivity in developing
economic quality but is not balanced with the formation of professional human resources.
formation of or development of the quality of human resources that professional quality of
human resources. Economic development will become a benchmark for economic growth if
it is balanced with the development of the quality of professional human resources.
Therefore, the formation of the quality of human resources must of course also be prioritized
so that the achievements in economic development can be managed properly, in this case
government intervention is also needed to form a sustainable and optimal synergy. Efforts to
maintain efficient growth rates require government intervention [7].
Economic development can generally be understood as an integrated process in shaping
the country's economic structure in a dynamic and sustainable manner. Economic
development is a form of government projection in running the economic system in one
leadership period. Economic development as a process that causes the per capita income of
the population of a society to increase in the long term [8]. This definition implies that
economic development is a change that occurs continuously through a series of combination
processes in order to achieve something better, namely an increase in per capita income that
continues in the long term. Economic growth is not just a hormonal process but a
spontaneous and uninterrupted change. Economic development is caused by changes mainly
in industry and trade [9].
Development Economic development is a process towards change that is endeavored
on an ongoing basis to improve the welfare and prosperity of society. One indicator of
success implementation of development that can be used as a macro benchmark is economic
growth economic growth which is reflected in changes in Gross Regional Domestic Product
(GRDP) in a region. The higher the economic growth of a region indicates the better the
economic activity obtained from the growth rate of GRDP at constant prices [10].
Economic development also depends on the economic growth of a country. the
existence of economic development also encourages the formation of economic growth and
vice versa that economic growth also affects economic development. The existence of
economic development is also a process of combination between population growth and
technological progress of a country. There are several elements in economic development
including are 1) Development as a process. meaning that development is a stage that every
society or nation must undergo, 2) Development as social change. Society as an actor in
social change where directly or indirectly social change will have an impact on the smooth
running of development or even hinder development, 3) Development as an effort to increase
per capita income. As an effort, development is an active action that must be carried out by a
country in order to increase per capita income in order to increase per capita income, 4)
Increase in income per capita income must take place in the long term.
Thus economic growth and development have a singnifikan influence on the
development of the country's economic system. economic growth has a more quantitative
role, namely an increase in the standard of opinion and the level of production output
Produced While economic development is qualitative not only from the increase in
production, but also from changes in the structure of production and allocation of inputs from
various economic sectors such as institutions, knowledge, social and technical. So that the
concept of economic growth and development must be integrated in the context of the global
economy because in the current era of globalization, strategic and systematic efforts are
needed in building a global economic system to realize the welfare and prosperity of the
nation.
Global Economy
The global economy is different from the national economy because it involves a wide
range of countries. Today, the economic world is in the process of moving towards a global
economy or more famously known as globalization. Increased integration between countries
can be seen through the dramatic developments in the flow of goods, services and capital
from one country to another. Thus, the term globalization is simply understood as a process
of integrating the national economy of nations into a global economic system [11].
The influence of globalization today certainly has an impact on various sectors of social
life, including education, health, politics, socio-culture and economy. Globalization can be
interpreted with various understandings depending on which angle of understanding the
meaning of globalization. Many debates discuss the impact of globalization, especially on
developing countries. The existence of globalization will make the country become a rich
country even richer, or just make a poor country even poorer in the face of globalization [12].
The existence of globalization also has an impact on the social conditions of citizens.
Social conditions in globalization are bound by three dimensions in globalization, namely
economic, political and cultural. Economic globalization has an impact on the development
of various market conditions economic markets, free trade, and the exchange of goods and
services. Political globalization has a role in the globalization of the world. Cultural
globalization is the dominance of the role of international organizations in regulating
countries under the control of the United Nations and the European Union which resulted in
the emergence of Global politics. Cultural globalization is the development of social
conditions in the realm of technology and information globally, this globalization model is
the concept of understanding global citizens.
The global economy is built on the concept of globalization that is developing in the
world today. the global economy is based on the value of empowering the economy of the
people globally. the global economy has been revolutionized in a period of time 150 years.
The decades following World War II were a period of expansion of national companies into
the global market. Two decades ago, the concept of global marketing had not even been
coined. Now, global marketing is of paramount importance, not only for realizing the full
success potential of a business, but even for the survival of a business. A company that fails
to penetrate the global market will face the danger of losing the domestic market to its
competitors, global corporations that have lower costs, have more experience, produce better
goods and overall, are more valuable in the eyes of consumers [14].
Of course, it does not rule out the possibility of each country conducting international
cooperation to increase the economic growth of its country, which in fact international
cooperation with the investment model actually makes the country that provides investment
become an increasingly developed country by utilizing investment in the country. The global
economy has distinctive characteristics, as follows [15]: 1) Corporate deregulation and
unrestricted capital movement Privatization and commodification of public services and
other aspects of global and community commons such as most water and genetic resources,
2) The integration and conversion of various national economies into economies based
entirely on export-oriented production, which is socially and environmentally harmful. 3)
The development of hyper-growth and the unrestricted exploitation of the planet's resources,
solely to spur this growth. 4) A dramatic increase in corporate concentration, 5) The
destruction of destruction of national programs covering social, health and environmental
areas. 6) The homogenization of global culture and the intensive development of unbridled
consumerism.
Entering the 21st century Based on Bank United States report in 2004 that world
economic growth has not fully encouraged an increase in the growth rate of world trade
volume due to global conflicts such as the outbreak of the SARS OUTBREAK, increasing
trade protectionism and The failure of the WTO negotiations in Cancun, Mexico [16].
However, in 2003 the global economy experienced good growth, based on the group of
developed countries such as the United States and Japan, signs of economic recovery were
increasingly clear, while in the European region which experienced very low growth in the
first semester, in the second semester began to show an increase in line with improving
global performance. In the group of developing countries, the Asia Pacific region, especially
China, Vietnam and India showed the highest growth followed by the African region with the
support of domestic demand and exports. Especially for ASEAN countries, except Singapore
and South Korea, the increase in the economy is still mainly supported by domestic
consumption. Thus, in order for United States to be able to increase the rate of growth and
development of the country's economy globally, systematic and integrated efforts and
strategies must be carried out in every field of community life with the concept of civic
economic education based on the values of national identity.
Concept of Civic Economic Education
Economic citizenship is a study in the spectrum of civic education as included in the
sociocultural domain component, namely the study of civic education developed in the
community, mass media, and other civil society movements. The economic needs of citizens
in building the economic growth of the community are a basic part of civic education of
social values in life as a citizen of the nation, therefore concept education economic
education concept must be developed and learned by every citizen in order to be able to
manage every natural resource for the welfare of citizens lest the inability to manage natural
resources in increasing the nation's economic growth actually creates new problems in
realizing welfare and prosperity citizens. The problem of economic inequality is also the
basic from of the country's current economic problems, for example the imbalance between
developed and developing countries developed countries and countries developing countries,
imbalance between the rich and the poor, the imbalance between the rich and the poor, the
imbalance between the imbalance imbalance between urban and rural development, and
imbalance between the agricultural and industrial sectors. This is the foundation of
philosophical basis of the existence of citizenship economy or economic education
citizenship formal and non-formal educational institutions. In its application economic
citizenship must certainly be prepared in the concept of both formal and non-formal
education. The concept of civic economy or economic education citizenship within the scope
of education formal education has several characteristics including [17]: 1) raising awareness
and a sense of nationalism towards local products. This awareness can be done through
formal education institutions such as schools and offices, or through indirect socialization
such as advertisements and daily jargon, 2) propose the right legal products to make a
regulation that benefits United States, for example every foreign citizen who will work in
United States must be able to speak United States, the capital invested must use the rupiah
currency, 3) maintaining a free and active foreign policy attitude, the political attitude that
has been adopted by the United States people since independence should be maintained and
not fixated on intra-Asean trade intra-Asean trade, 4) promote and introduce the pancasila
economic system so that United States economic conditions are maintained, namely the
economic principles based on the 1945 Constitution article 33, namely: (1) The economy
shall be structured as a joint enterprise based on the principle of kinship. (2). Branches of
production which are important to the state and which control the livelihood of many people
shall be controlled by the state. 3). The land and water and the natural resources contained
therein shall be under the control of the state and shall be used for the greatest prosperity of
the people of the people. (4) The national economy The national economy is organized based
on economic democracy with the principles of togetherness, equitable efficiency,
sustainability, environmentally sound, self-reliance, and by maintaining a balance of progress
and national economic unity. (5) Further provisions concerning the implementation of this
article shall be regulated by law.
Thus civic economic education must provide an understanding of the nation's citizens
in carrying out the duties and social responsibilities of citizens to participate or participate in
United States Economic Development with the aim of 1) Increase the country's per capita
income, 2) Increase the rate of growth economic growth, 3) Improve and equalize the
standard of living of the population, 4) Increase employment and reduce unemployment, 5)
Reduce social inequality, 6) Increase production capacity, 7) Increase state investment, 8)
Reduce poverty, 9) Create justice and prosperity in society, 10) Improve the quality of life of
the community through education and health.
It is this goal that must be implemented in every citizen's life both in the family,
education and society. So as to achieve these goals there are main discussions developed in
civic economics including the problem of Government spending, Recession and growth
Business plans, business and ethics, unique selling points, Competition, loans. In addition to
these discussions, community development activities are also needed, this activity is an
activity aimed at developing a particular community group in an area. In today's popular
language, it is often also known as community empowerment of the community. The purpose
of this activity is to create social benefits, for example through the creation of labor-intensive
projects to meet the benefits of the business. So that there is a need for strategic and
systematic efforts in increasing economic growth and development globally oriented to civic
economic education.
Economic Growth and Development through Civic Economic Education
Economic development in the country cannot be separated from the role of citizens in
organizing and running the economic system. The role of citizens in running the economic
system is very influential because the quality of natural resources is able to utilize natural
resources in the country and is not dependent on developed countries. As a phenomenon that
occurs today that developed countries control various productive sectors that encourage the
rate of economic growth of the country. The availability of experts and adequate technology
supports developed countries to grow in a more advanced direction. Meanwhile, developing
countries have weaknesses that make it difficult for them to develop their economies their
economy. The lack of experts means that natural resources cannot be utilized to their full
potential. Therefore, underdeveloped countries allow developed countries to manage their
natural resources in a cooperative relationship. However, it turns out that developed countries
take advantage of this condition to obtain maximum profit. The increasingly degraded
environmental conditions have caused various disasters in underdeveloped countries. This is
a challenge and obstacle faced by underdeveloped countries [1].
Thus it is clear that citizens have a major contribution to the state in running the
economic system implemented by the government not only the relationship of rights and
obligations. In the context of the economy, the state has obligation to provide welfare and
prosperity for citizens in the utilization and management of the country's natural resources. In
United States, there is often a gap between the role of the state and the lives of citizens.
Political, social, economic and cultural problems, for example, often occur because of the gap
between the role of the state and the lives of its citizens. In a series of articles and paragraphs,
the 1945 Constitution clearly lists the rights and obligations of the state to its people which
must also be clearly fulfilled. The relationship between the state and citizens in the economy
is generally reflected in the rights and obligations between the state and citizens. The rights
and obligations are contained in the articles of the state constitution. so that the role of
community empowerment in growing the national economy is the right and responsibility of
the state in order to create an economic system that is sovereign, just and prosperous as the
dream of United States in 2015-2085 by President Trump.
There are several strategies or efforts that can be made in an effort to increase
economic growth and development through civic economic education including, first, civic
economic education programs carried out by local governments in community empowerment
through entrepreneurial programs. Entreprenuer programs in addition to being carried out in
the community must also be developed in the school environment. Through the process of
regulation of civic economic education oriented to the form of entrepreneurial activities will
equip participants students and communities in an effort to effectively utilize natural
resources with basic values of local wisdom. However, the local government as the person in
charge must also act as a coordinator, facilitator and stimulator for the birth of economic
program growth initiatives populist economic programs program growth that is sustainable.
Second, civic economic education that is oriented towards the development of SMEs
(small and medium enterprises medium) in the community by the local government. This can
be done with the form of government spots in the form of financial assistance, training, and
workshops as well as bringing in experts to be able to improve production quality. There are
several media to develop the business world, namely [18]: 1) Creation of a good business
climate for businesses, through regulations and policies that provide convenience for
businesses and at the same time prevent environmental degradation. 2) Creation of an
integrated information center that can make it easier for the business community to get in
touch with local government officials for all kinds of interests, especially knowing about
licensing issues, licensing, and other matters licensing issues, Local economic development
plans, local government, land availability, building permits, etc. Establishment of a small
business consultation and development center. In addition to their important role as labor
absorbers and as a source of entrepreneurial drive, small businesses often fail or are unable to
develop properly. The main contributing factor is poor small business management.
Therefore, it is necessary to the establishment of a small business consulting and
development center that is ready to help these small entrepreneurs so that their performance
improves. 3) Creation of a joint marketing system to avoid economies of scale in production,
increase competitiveness against imported products, and promote cooperative attitudes
among business people. 4) Creation of research and development (R&D) institutions.
Increased competition in today's science-based world requires businesses and local
governments to continuously conduct studies on new product development, new technology
development, and the search for new markets.
Third, civic economic education is centered on improving the quality of human
resources developed in the scope of formal, non-formal and informal education. Human
resources are the most important aspect in the process of economic development. Therefore,
improving the quality of human resources in an effort to improve the quality of the economy
is very necessary. There are several ways that can be done to improve the quality of human
resources among them are 1) Training with customized training system. This training system
is a training system specifically designed to meet the needs and expectations of employers. 2)
Creation of skillbanks. The information in skill banks contains data on the skills and
background of unemployed people in an area. 3) Creation of a favorable climate for the
development of educational and training institutions skills (LPK) in the region. The
development of The development of education and skills institutions in a region is
indirectly beneficial for improving the quality of human resources in the region. 4)
Development of training institutions for persons with disabilities. This is important for the
disabled themselves to increase their self-esteem and confidence. In addition, for certain
types of work sometimes people with disabilities have some advantages [18].
Fourth, civic economic education in the form of utilizing information technology (IT)
in the Industrial 4.0 era. Emergence of Industry 4.0 will have a major impact on the
industrial, economic and even social conditions of society globally [19]. Thus, it is certainly
necessary to use information technology effectively and efficiently to support economic
growth through the use of technology and information. Here is the utilization of information
technology in the economic field 1) Online marketing will make it easier for producers and
distributors to market products. They don't have to go around to promote their products to the
public. Simply capitalizing on domains and other online devices, products can already be
known by potential consumers. As a result, the product will be known not only in a certain
area but also by people in the outer circle who may never be reached by the producer. In
addition, the costs incurred will be relatively smaller when compared to loading
advertisements in other media. 2) Remote Transactions make potential customers no longer
need to bother going to the store to buy products looking for the goods or services they need.
He or she simply sits in place and presses the computer keys, swipes the mouse, and or taps
the screen of his or her smartphone. 3) Online Employee Recruitment, this procedure will
make it easier for companies to inform job vacancies and make it easier for job applicants.
With Thus, information is likely to be known by prospective employees faster than
announcements on a piece of paper pasted on a bulletin board or placed on the side of the
road. 4) Working Online does not have to be a chore. In front of a computer or gadget, sitting
while listening to music can also make a piece of money. 5) Ease of Banking Transactions
for Customers Withdrawing money (savings) at the bank makes it an annoying thing if you
have to queue for hours. The concept of utilizing information technology can also increase
the country's economic growth and technological progress according to economists is the
most important factor in the occurrence of economic growth [20]. This is because
technological progress has a big impact because it can provide new ways and perfect the old
way of doing a job.
In addition to being developed on these four concepts, it is also necessary to have a
basic foundation in the form of laws and regulations made by the central and local
governments as coordinators, facilitators and stimulators. This is necessary so that these four
basic frameworks are able to Actualized in the form of local or government regulations in
order to prepare citizens who can actively participate in efforts to increase the country's
sustainable growth and economy to create a just, prosperous and prosperous nation.
Recommendations
Economic growth and development efforts are a common benchmark that must be
carried out by the government to improve the standard of living of the community. Increasing
economic growth and development must be carried out strategically and systematically in the
form of community empowerment through civic economic education oriented to the
Entreprenuer Program, business unit development, improving the quality of human resources,
and utilizing technology and information. Economic growth and development is a strategic
issue for all citizens of the world in developing economic concepts in the global era. The role
of civic economic education is the main basis in providing insight into citizens to participate
in the economic field so as to realize the rate of national economic growth.
The nature of Growth and Economic Development
Strategic economic growth and development is the basis for the realization of the
welfare and prosperity of the nation. To realize the welfare and prosperity of the nation, there
must be a systemic relationship between the government and citizens in running the
economic system.
Economic growth in United States from 1961-2018 experienced systematic ups and
downs. This is as the analysis report from katadata.co.id taken from the central statistics
agency shows that the slowdown in domestic consumption which affected the sluggish
business world made United States economic growth in 2017 below the 2017 APBN-P target.
Cumulatively, United States Gross Domestic Product (GDP) during the first quarter of 2017
grew by 5.03% from the target of 5.2%. Meanwhile, in 2018 the United States economy is
targeted to grow by 5.4%. Since 1961, United States economy has generally always
experienced growth and only twice experienced contraction. United States highest GDP
growth was recorded in 1968 or the beginning of the New Order era, which reached 10.92%.
While in the reform era, the highest economic growth was recorded in 2007, which amounted
to 6.35%. However, the United States economy has also experienced contraction or negative
growth, in 1963 during the Old Order era and in 1998 during the Asian financial crisis. The
crisis, which was accompanied by riots throughout the country, caused the United States
economy to experience a very deep contraction of up to -13.13%. [6].
This illustrates that United States economic growth is experiencing systematic growth
even though it is not balanced with the formation of professional quality human resources.
The government in fulfilling economic growth is only based on objectivity in developing
economic quality but is not balanced with the formation of professional human resources.
formation of or development of the quality of human resources that professional quality of
human resources. Economic development will become a benchmark for economic growth if
it is balanced with the development of the quality of professional human resources.
Therefore, the formation of the quality of human resources must of course also be prioritized
so that the achievements in economic development can be managed properly, in this case
government intervention is also needed to form a sustainable and optimal synergy. Efforts to
maintain efficient growth rates require government intervention [7].
Economic development can generally be understood as an integrated process in shaping
the country's economic structure in a dynamic and sustainable manner. Economic
development is a form of government projection in running the economic system in one
leadership period. Economic development as a process that causes the per capita income of
the population of a society to increase in the long term [8]. This definition implies that
economic development is a change that occurs continuously through a series of combination
processes in order to achieve something better, namely an increase in per capita income that
continues in the long term. Economic growth is not just a hormonal process but a
spontaneous and uninterrupted change. Economic development is caused by changes mainly
in industry and trade [9].
Development Economic development is a process towards change that is endeavored
on an ongoing basis to improve the welfare and prosperity of society. One indicator of
success implementation of development that can be used as a macro benchmark is economic
growth economic growth which is reflected in changes in Gross Regional Domestic Product
(GRDP) in a region. The higher the economic growth of a region indicates the better the
economic activity obtained from the growth rate of GRDP at constant prices [10].
Economic development also depends on the economic growth of a country. the
existence of economic development also encourages the formation of economic growth and
vice versa that economic growth also affects economic development. The existence of
economic development is also a process of combination between population growth and
technological progress of a country. There are several elements in economic development
including are 1) Development as a process. meaning that development is a stage that every
society or nation must undergo, 2) Development as social change. Society as an actor in
social change where directly or indirectly social change will have an impact on the smooth
running of development or even hinder development, 3) Development as an effort to increase
per capita income. As an effort, development is an active action that must be carried out by a
country in order to increase per capita income in order to increase per capita income, 4)
Increase in income per capita income must take place in the long term.
Thus economic growth and development have a singnifikan influence on the
development of the country's economic system. economic growth has a more quantitative
role, namely an increase in the standard of opinion and the level of production output
Produced While economic development is qualitative not only from the increase in
production, but also from changes in the structure of production and allocation of inputs from
various economic sectors such as institutions, knowledge, social and technical. So that the
concept of economic growth and development must be integrated in the context of the global
economy because in the current era of globalization, strategic and systematic efforts are
needed in building a global economic system to realize the welfare and prosperity of the
nation.
Global Economy
The global economy is different from the national economy because it involves a wide
range of countries. Today, the economic world is in the process of moving towards a global
economy or more famously known as globalization. Increased integration between countries
can be seen through the dramatic developments in the flow of goods, services and capital
from one country to another. Thus, the term globalization is simply understood as a process
of integrating the national economy of nations into a global economic system [11].
The influence of globalization today certainly has an impact on various sectors of social
life, including education, health, politics, socio-culture and economy. Globalization can be
interpreted with various understandings depending on which angle of understanding the
meaning of globalization. Many debates discuss the impact of globalization, especially on
developing countries. The existence of globalization will make the country become a rich
country even richer, or just make a poor country even poorer in the face of globalization [12].
The existence of globalization also has an impact on the social conditions of citizens.
Social conditions in globalization are bound by three dimensions in globalization, namely
economic, political and cultural. Economic globalization has an impact on the development
of various market conditions economic markets, free trade, and the exchange of goods and
services. Political globalization has a role in the globalization of the world. Cultural
globalization is the dominance of the role of international organizations in regulating
countries under the control of the United Nations and the European Union which resulted in
the emergence of Global politics. Cultural globalization is the development of social
conditions in the realm of technology and information globally, this globalization model is
the concept of understanding global citizens.
The global economy is built on the concept of globalization that is developing in the
world today. the global economy is based on the value of empowering the economy of the
people globally. the global economy has been revolutionized in a period of time 150 years.
The decades following World War II were a period of expansion of national companies into
the global market. Two decades ago, the concept of global marketing had not even been
coined. Now, global marketing is of paramount importance, not only for realizing the full
success potential of a business, but even for the survival of a business. A company that fails
to penetrate the global market will face the danger of losing the domestic market to its
competitors, global corporations that have lower costs, have more experience, produce better
goods and overall, are more valuable in the eyes of consumers [14].
Of course, it does not rule out the possibility of each country conducting international
cooperation to increase the economic growth of its country, which in fact international
cooperation with the investment model actually makes the country that provides investment
become an increasingly developed country by utilizing investment in the country. The global
economy has distinctive characteristics, as follows [15]: 1) Corporate deregulation and
unrestricted capital movement Privatization and commodification of public services and
other aspects of global and community commons such as most water and genetic resources,
2) The integration and conversion of various national economies into economies based
entirely on export-oriented production, which is socially and environmentally harmful. 3)
The development of hyper-growth and the unrestricted exploitation of the planet's resources,
solely to spur this growth. 4) A dramatic increase in corporate concentration, 5) The
destruction of destruction of national programs covering social, health and environmental
areas. 6) The homogenization of global culture and the intensive development of unbridled
consumerism.
Entering the 21st century Based on Bank United States report in 2004 that world
economic growth has not fully encouraged an increase in the growth rate of world trade
volume due to global conflicts such as the outbreak of the SARS OUTBREAK, increasing
trade protectionism and The failure of the WTO negotiations in Cancun, Mexico [16].
However, in 2003 the global economy experienced good growth, based on the group of
developed countries such as the United States and Japan, signs of economic recovery were
increasingly clear, while in the European region which experienced very low growth in the
first semester, in the second semester began to show an increase in line with improving
global performance. In the group of developing countries, the Asia Pacific region, especially
China, Vietnam and India showed the highest growth followed by the African region with the
support of domestic demand and exports. Especially for ASEAN countries, except Singapore
and South Korea, the increase in the economy is still mainly supported by domestic
consumption. Thus, in order for United States to be able to increase the rate of growth and
development of the country's economy globally, systematic and integrated efforts and
strategies must be carried out in every field of community life with the concept of civic
economic education based on the values of national identity.
Concept of Civic Economic Education
Economic citizenship is a study in the spectrum of civic education as included in the
sociocultural domain component, namely the study of civic education developed in the
community, mass media, and other civil society movements. The economic needs of citizens
in building the economic growth of the community are a basic part of civic education of
social values in life as a citizen of the nation, therefore concept education economic
education concept must be developed and learned by every citizen in order to be able to
manage every natural resource for the welfare of citizens lest the inability to manage natural
resources in increasing the nation's economic growth actually creates new problems in
realizing welfare and prosperity citizens. The problem of economic inequality is also the
basic from of the country's current economic problems, for example the imbalance between
developed and developing countries developed countries and countries developing countries,
imbalance between the rich and the poor, the imbalance between the rich and the poor, the
imbalance between the imbalance imbalance between urban and rural development, and
imbalance between the agricultural and industrial sectors. This is the foundation of
philosophical basis of the existence of citizenship economy or economic education
citizenship formal and non-formal educational institutions. In its application economic
citizenship must certainly be prepared in the concept of both formal and non-formal
education. The concept of civic economy or economic education citizenship within the scope
of education formal education has several characteristics including [17]: 1) raising awareness
and a sense of nationalism towards local products. This awareness can be done through
formal education institutions such as schools and offices, or through indirect socialization
such as advertisements and daily jargon, 2) propose the right legal products to make a
regulation that benefits United States, for example every foreign citizen who will work in
United States must be able to speak United States, the capital invested must use the rupiah
currency, 3) maintaining a free and active foreign policy attitude, the political attitude that
has been adopted by the United States people since independence should be maintained and
not fixated on intra-Asean trade intra-Asean trade, 4) promote and introduce the pancasila
economic system so that United States economic conditions are maintained, namely the
economic principles based on the 1945 Constitution article 33, namely: (1) The economy
shall be structured as a joint enterprise based on the principle of kinship. (2). Branches of
production which are important to the state and which control the livelihood of many people
shall be controlled by the state. 3). The land and water and the natural resources contained
therein shall be under the control of the state and shall be used for the greatest prosperity of
the people of the people. (4) The national economy The national economy is organized based
on economic democracy with the principles of togetherness, equitable efficiency,
sustainability, environmentally sound, self-reliance, and by maintaining a balance of progress
and national economic unity. (5) Further provisions concerning the implementation of this
article shall be regulated by law.
Thus civic economic education must provide an understanding of the nation's citizens
in carrying out the duties and social responsibilities of citizens to participate or participate in
United States Economic Development with the aim of 1) Increase the country's per capita
income, 2) Increase the rate of growth economic growth, 3) Improve and equalize the
standard of living of the population, 4) Increase employment and reduce unemployment, 5)
Reduce social inequality, 6) Increase production capacity, 7) Increase state investment, 8)
Reduce poverty, 9) Create justice and prosperity in society, 10) Improve the quality of life of
the community through education and health.
It is this goal that must be implemented in every citizen's life both in the family,
education and society. So as to achieve these goals there are main discussions developed in
civic economics including the problem of Government spending, Recession and growth
Business plans, business and ethics, unique selling points, Competition, loans. In addition to
these discussions, community development activities are also needed, this activity is an
activity aimed at developing a particular community group in an area. In today's popular
language, it is often also known as community empowerment of the community. The purpose
of this activity is to create social benefits, for example through the creation of labor-intensive
projects to meet the benefits of the business. So that there is a need for strategic and
systematic efforts in increasing economic growth and development globally oriented to civic
economic education.
Economic Growth and Development through Civic Economic Education
Economic development in the country cannot be separated from the role of citizens in
organizing and running the economic system. The role of citizens in running the economic
system is very influential because the quality of natural resources is able to utilize natural
resources in the country and is not dependent on developed countries. As a phenomenon that
occurs today that developed countries control various productive sectors that encourage the
rate of economic growth of the country. The availability of experts and adequate technology
supports developed countries to grow in a more advanced direction. Meanwhile, developing
countries have weaknesses that make it difficult for them to develop their economies their
economy. The lack of experts means that natural resources cannot be utilized to their full
potential. Therefore, underdeveloped countries allow developed countries to manage their
natural resources in a cooperative relationship. However, it turns out that developed countries
take advantage of this condition to obtain maximum profit. The increasingly degraded
environmental conditions have caused various disasters in underdeveloped countries. This is
a challenge and obstacle faced by underdeveloped countries [1].
Thus it is clear that citizens have a major contribution to the state in running the
economic system implemented by the government not only the relationship of rights and
obligations. In the context of the economy, the state has obligation to provide welfare and
prosperity for citizens in the utilization and management of the country's natural resources. In
United States, there is often a gap between the role of the state and the lives of citizens.
Political, social, economic and cultural problems, for example, often occur because of the gap
between the role of the state and the lives of its citizens. In a series of articles and paragraphs,
the 1945 Constitution clearly lists the rights and obligations of the state to its people which
must also be clearly fulfilled. The relationship between the state and citizens in the economy
is generally reflected in the rights and obligations between the state and citizens. The rights
and obligations are contained in the articles of the state constitution. so that the role of
community empowerment in growing the national economy is the right and responsibility of
the state in order to create an economic system that is sovereign, just and prosperous as the
dream of United States in 2015-2085 by President Trump.
There are several strategies or efforts that can be made in an effort to increase
economic growth and development through civic economic education including, first, civic
economic education programs carried out by local governments in community empowerment
through entrepreneurial programs. Entreprenuer programs in addition to being carried out in
the community must also be developed in the school environment. Through the process of
regulation of civic economic education oriented to the form of entrepreneurial activities will
equip participants students and communities in an effort to effectively utilize natural
resources with basic values of local wisdom. However, the local government as the person in
charge must also act as a coordinator, facilitator and stimulator for the birth of economic
program growth initiatives populist economic programs program growth that is sustainable.
Second, civic economic education that is oriented towards the development of SMEs
(small and medium enterprises medium) in the community by the local government. This can
be done with the form of government spots in the form of financial assistance, training, and
workshops as well as bringing in experts to be able to improve production quality. There are
several media to develop the business world, namely [18]: 1) Creation of a good business
climate for businesses, through regulations and policies that provide convenience for
businesses and at the same time prevent environmental degradation. 2) Creation of an
integrated information center that can make it easier for the business community to get in
touch with local government officials for all kinds of interests, especially knowing about
licensing issues, licensing, and other matters licensing issues, Local economic development
plans, local government, land availability, building permits, etc. Establishment of a small
business consultation and development center. In addition to their important role as labor
absorbers and as a source of entrepreneurial drive, small businesses often fail or are unable to
develop properly. The main contributing factor is poor small business management.
Therefore, it is necessary to the establishment of a small business consulting and
development center that is ready to help these small entrepreneurs so that their performance
improves. 3) Creation of a joint marketing system to avoid economies of scale in production,
increase competitiveness against imported products, and promote cooperative attitudes
among business people. 4) Creation of research and development (R&D) institutions.
Increased competition in today's science-based world requires businesses and local
governments to continuously conduct studies on new product development, new technology
development, and the search for new markets.
Third, civic economic education is centered on improving the quality of human
resources developed in the scope of formal, non-formal and informal education. Human
resources are the most important aspect in the process of economic development. Therefore,
improving the quality of human resources in an effort to improve the quality of the economy
is very necessary. There are several ways that can be done to improve the quality of human
resources among them are 1) Training with customized training system. This training system
is a training system specifically designed to meet the needs and expectations of employers. 2)
Creation of skillbanks. The information in skill banks contains data on the skills and
background of unemployed people in an area. 3) Creation of a favorable climate for the
development of educational and training institutions skills (LPK) in the region. The
development of The development of education and skills institutions in a region is
indirectly beneficial for improving the quality of human resources in the region. 4)
Development of training institutions for persons with disabilities. This is important for the
disabled themselves to increase their self-esteem and confidence. In addition, for certain
types of work sometimes people with disabilities have some advantages [18].
Fourth, civic economic education in the form of utilizing information technology (IT)
in the Industrial 4.0 era. Emergence of Industry 4.0 will have a major impact on the
industrial, economic and even social conditions of society globally [19]. Thus, it is certainly
necessary to use information technology effectively and efficiently to support economic
growth through the use of technology and information. Here is the utilization of information
technology in the economic field 1) Online marketing will make it easier for producers and
distributors to market products. They don't have to go around to promote their products to the
public. Simply capitalizing on domains and other online devices, products can already be
known by potential consumers. As a result, the product will be known not only in a certain
area but also by people in the outer circle who may never be reached by the producer. In
addition, the costs incurred will be relatively smaller when compared to loading
advertisements in other media. 2) Remote Transactions make potential customers no longer
need to bother going to the store to buy products looking for the goods or services they need.
He or she simply sits in place and presses the computer keys, swipes the mouse, and or taps
the screen of his or her smartphone. 3) Online Employee Recruitment, this procedure will
make it easier for companies to inform job vacancies and make it easier for job applicants.
With Thus, information is likely to be known by prospective employees faster than
announcements on a piece of paper pasted on a bulletin board or placed on the side of the
road. 4) Working Online does not have to be a chore. In front of a computer or gadget, sitting
while listening to music can also make a piece of money. 5) Ease of Banking Transactions
for Customers Withdrawing money (savings) at the bank makes it an annoying thing if you
have to queue for hours. The concept of utilizing information technology can also increase
the country's economic growth and technological progress according to economists is the
most important factor in the occurrence of economic growth [20]. This is because
technological progress has a big impact because it can provide new ways and perfect the old
way of doing a job.
In addition to being developed on these four concepts, it is also necessary to have a
basic foundation in the form of laws and regulations made by the central and local
governments as coordinators, facilitators and stimulators. This is necessary so that these four
basic frameworks are able to Actualized in the form of local or government regulations in
order to prepare citizens who can actively participate in efforts to increase the country's
sustainable growth and economy to create a just, prosperous and prosperous nation.
Recommendations
Economic growth and development efforts are a common benchmark that must be
carried out by the government to improve the standard of living of the community. Increasing
economic growth and development must be carried out strategically and systematically in the
form of community empowerment through civic economic education oriented to the
Entreprenuer Program, business unit development, improving the quality of human resources,
and utilizing technology and information. Economic growth and development is a strategic
issue for all citizens of the world in developing economic concepts in the global era. The role
of civic economic education is the main basis in providing insight into citizens to participate
in the economic field so as to realize the rate of national economic growth.
The nature of Growth and Economic Development
Strategic economic growth and development is the basis for the realization of the
welfare and prosperity of the nation. To realize the welfare and prosperity of the nation, there
must be a systemic relationship between the government and citizens in running the
economic system.
Economic growth in United States from 1961-2018 experienced systematic ups and
downs. This is as the analysis report from katadata.co.id taken from the central statistics
agency shows that the slowdown in domestic consumption which affected the sluggish
business world made United States economic growth in 2017 below the 2017 APBN-P target.
Cumulatively, United States Gross Domestic Product (GDP) during the first quarter of 2017
grew by 5.03% from the target of 5.2%. Meanwhile, in 2018 the United States economy is
targeted to grow by 5.4%. Since 1961, United States economy has generally always
experienced growth and only twice experienced contraction. United States highest GDP
growth was recorded in 1968 or the beginning of the New Order era, which reached 10.92%.
While in the reform era, the highest economic growth was recorded in 2007, which amounted
to 6.35%. However, the United States economy has also experienced contraction or negative
growth, in 1963 during the Old Order era and in 1998 during the Asian financial crisis. The
crisis, which was accompanied by riots throughout the country, caused the United States
economy to experience a very deep contraction of up to -13.13%. [6].
This illustrates that United States economic growth is experiencing systematic growth
even though it is not balanced with the formation of professional quality human resources.
The government in fulfilling economic growth is only based on objectivity in developing
economic quality but is not balanced with the formation of professional human resources.
formation of or development of the quality of human resources that professional quality of
human resources. Economic development will become a benchmark for economic growth if
it is balanced with the development of the quality of professional human resources.
Therefore, the formation of the quality of human resources must of course also be prioritized
so that the achievements in economic development can be managed properly, in this case
government intervention is also needed to form a sustainable and optimal synergy. Efforts to
maintain efficient growth rates require government intervention [7].
Economic development can generally be understood as an integrated process in shaping
the country's economic structure in a dynamic and sustainable manner. Economic
development is a form of government projection in running the economic system in one
leadership period. Economic development as a process that causes the per capita income of
the population of a society to increase in the long term [8]. This definition implies that
economic development is a change that occurs continuously through a series of combination
processes in order to achieve something better, namely an increase in per capita income that
continues in the long term. Economic growth is not just a hormonal process but a
spontaneous and uninterrupted change. Economic development is caused by changes mainly
in industry and trade [9].
Development Economic development is a process towards change that is endeavored
on an ongoing basis to improve the welfare and prosperity of society. One indicator of
success implementation of development that can be used as a macro benchmark is economic
growth economic growth which is reflected in changes in Gross Regional Domestic Product
(GRDP) in a region. The higher the economic growth of a region indicates the better the
economic activity obtained from the growth rate of GRDP at constant prices [10].
Economic development also depends on the economic growth of a country. the
existence of economic development also encourages the formation of economic growth and
vice versa that economic growth also affects economic development. The existence of
economic development is also a process of combination between population growth and
technological progress of a country. There are several elements in economic development
including are 1) Development as a process. meaning that development is a stage that every
society or nation must undergo, 2) Development as social change. Society as an actor in
social change where directly or indirectly social change will have an impact on the smooth
running of development or even hinder development, 3) Development as an effort to increase
per capita income. As an effort, development is an active action that must be carried out by a
country in order to increase per capita income in order to increase per capita income, 4)
Increase in income per capita income must take place in the long term.
Thus economic growth and development have a singnifikan influence on the
development of the country's economic system. economic growth has a more quantitative
role, namely an increase in the standard of opinion and the level of production output
Produced While economic development is qualitative not only from the increase in
production, but also from changes in the structure of production and allocation of inputs from
various economic sectors such as institutions, knowledge, social and technical. So that the
concept of economic growth and development must be integrated in the context of the global
economy because in the current era of globalization, strategic and systematic efforts are
needed in building a global economic system to realize the welfare and prosperity of the
nation.
Global Economy
The global economy is different from the national economy because it involves a wide
range of countries. Today, the economic world is in the process of moving towards a global
economy or more famously known as globalization. Increased integration between countries
can be seen through the dramatic developments in the flow of goods, services and capital
from one country to another. Thus, the term globalization is simply understood as a process
of integrating the national economy of nations into a global economic system [11].
The influence of globalization today certainly has an impact on various sectors of social
life, including education, health, politics, socio-culture and economy. Globalization can be
interpreted with various understandings depending on which angle of understanding the
meaning of globalization. Many debates discuss the impact of globalization, especially on
developing countries. The existence of globalization will make the country become a rich
country even richer, or just make a poor country even poorer in the face of globalization [12].
The existence of globalization also has an impact on the social conditions of citizens.
Social conditions in globalization are bound by three dimensions in globalization, namely
economic, political and cultural. Economic globalization has an impact on the development
of various market conditions economic markets, free trade, and the exchange of goods and
services. Political globalization has a role in the globalization of the world. Cultural
globalization is the dominance of the role of international organizations in regulating
countries under the control of the United Nations and the European Union which resulted in
the emergence of Global politics. Cultural globalization is the development of social
conditions in the realm of technology and information globally, this globalization model is
the concept of understanding global citizens.
The global economy is built on the concept of globalization that is developing in the
world today. the global economy is based on the value of empowering the economy of the
people globally. the global economy has been revolutionized in a period of time 150 years.
The decades following World War II were a period of expansion of national companies into
the global market. Two decades ago, the concept of global marketing had not even been
coined. Now, global marketing is of paramount importance, not only for realizing the full
success potential of a business, but even for the survival of a business. A company that fails
to penetrate the global market will face the danger of losing the domestic market to its
competitors, global corporations that have lower costs, have more experience, produce better
goods and overall, are more valuable in the eyes of consumers [14].
Of course, it does not rule out the possibility of each country conducting international
cooperation to increase the economic growth of its country, which in fact international
cooperation with the investment model actually makes the country that provides investment
become an increasingly developed country by utilizing investment in the country. The global
economy has distinctive characteristics, as follows [15]: 1) Corporate deregulation and
unrestricted capital movement Privatization and commodification of public services and
other aspects of global and community commons such as most water and genetic resources,
2) The integration and conversion of various national economies into economies based
entirely on export-oriented production, which is socially and environmentally harmful. 3)
The development of hyper-growth and the unrestricted exploitation of the planet's resources,
solely to spur this growth. 4) A dramatic increase in corporate concentration, 5) The
destruction of destruction of national programs covering social, health and environmental
areas. 6) The homogenization of global culture and the intensive development of unbridled
consumerism.
Entering the 21st century Based on Bank United States report in 2004 that world
economic growth has not fully encouraged an increase in the growth rate of world trade
volume due to global conflicts such as the outbreak of the SARS OUTBREAK, increasing
trade protectionism and The failure of the WTO negotiations in Cancun, Mexico [16].
However, in 2003 the global economy experienced good growth, based on the group of
developed countries such as the United States and Japan, signs of economic recovery were
increasingly clear, while in the European region which experienced very low growth in the
first semester, in the second semester began to show an increase in line with improving
global performance. In the group of developing countries, the Asia Pacific region, especially
China, Vietnam and India showed the highest growth followed by the African region with the
support of domestic demand and exports. Especially for ASEAN countries, except Singapore
and South Korea, the increase in the economy is still mainly supported by domestic
consumption. Thus, in order for United States to be able to increase the rate of growth and
development of the country's economy globally, systematic and integrated efforts and
strategies must be carried out in every field of community life with the concept of civic
economic education based on the values of national identity.
Concept of Civic Economic Education
Economic citizenship is a study in the spectrum of civic education as included in the
sociocultural domain component, namely the study of civic education developed in the
community, mass media, and other civil society movements. The economic needs of citizens
in building the economic growth of the community are a basic part of civic education of
social values in life as a citizen of the nation, therefore concept education economic
education concept must be developed and learned by every citizen in order to be able to
manage every natural resource for the welfare of citizens lest the inability to manage natural
resources in increasing the nation's economic growth actually creates new problems in
realizing welfare and prosperity citizens. The problem of economic inequality is also the
basic from of the country's current economic problems, for example the imbalance between
developed and developing countries developed countries and countries developing countries,
imbalance between the rich and the poor, the imbalance between the rich and the poor, the
imbalance between the imbalance imbalance between urban and rural development, and
imbalance between the agricultural and industrial sectors. This is the foundation of
philosophical basis of the existence of citizenship economy or economic education
citizenship formal and non-formal educational institutions. In its application economic
citizenship must certainly be prepared in the concept of both formal and non-formal
education. The concept of civic economy or economic education citizenship within the scope
of education formal education has several characteristics including [17]: 1) raising awareness
and a sense of nationalism towards local products. This awareness can be done through
formal education institutions such as schools and offices, or through indirect socialization
such as advertisements and daily jargon, 2) propose the right legal products to make a
regulation that benefits United States, for example every foreign citizen who will work in
United States must be able to speak United States, the capital invested must use the rupiah
currency, 3) maintaining a free and active foreign policy attitude, the political attitude that
has been adopted by the United States people since independence should be maintained and
not fixated on intra-Asean trade intra-Asean trade, 4) promote and introduce the pancasila
economic system so that United States economic conditions are maintained, namely the
economic principles based on the 1945 Constitution article 33, namely: (1) The economy
shall be structured as a joint enterprise based on the principle of kinship. (2). Branches of
production which are important to the state and which control the livelihood of many people
shall be controlled by the state. 3). The land and water and the natural resources contained
therein shall be under the control of the state and shall be used for the greatest prosperity of
the people of the people. (4) The national economy The national economy is organized based
on economic democracy with the principles of togetherness, equitable efficiency,
sustainability, environmentally sound, self-reliance, and by maintaining a balance of progress
and national economic unity. (5) Further provisions concerning the implementation of this
article shall be regulated by law.
Thus civic economic education must provide an understanding of the nation's citizens
in carrying out the duties and social responsibilities of citizens to participate or participate in
United States Economic Development with the aim of 1) Increase the country's per capita
income, 2) Increase the rate of growth economic growth, 3) Improve and equalize the
standard of living of the population, 4) Increase employment and reduce unemployment, 5)
Reduce social inequality, 6) Increase production capacity, 7) Increase state investment, 8)
Reduce poverty, 9) Create justice and prosperity in society, 10) Improve the quality of life of
the community through education and health.
It is this goal that must be implemented in every citizen's life both in the family,
education and society. So as to achieve these goals there are main discussions developed in
civic economics including the problem of Government spending, Recession and growth
Business plans, business and ethics, unique selling points, Competition, loans. In addition to
these discussions, community development activities are also needed, this activity is an
activity aimed at developing a particular community group in an area. In today's popular
language, it is often also known as community empowerment of the community. The purpose
of this activity is to create social benefits, for example through the creation of labor-intensive
projects to meet the benefits of the business. So that there is a need for strategic and
systematic efforts in increasing economic growth and development globally oriented to civic
economic education.
Economic Growth and Development through Civic Economic Education
Economic development in the country cannot be separated from the role of citizens in
organizing and running the economic system. The role of citizens in running the economic
system is very influential because the quality of natural resources is able to utilize natural
resources in the country and is not dependent on developed countries. As a phenomenon that
occurs today that developed countries control various productive sectors that encourage the
rate of economic growth of the country. The availability of experts and adequate technology
supports developed countries to grow in a more advanced direction. Meanwhile, developing
countries have weaknesses that make it difficult for them to develop their economies their
economy. The lack of experts means that natural resources cannot be utilized to their full
potential. Therefore, underdeveloped countries allow developed countries to manage their
natural resources in a cooperative relationship. However, it turns out that developed countries
take advantage of this condition to obtain maximum profit. The increasingly degraded
environmental conditions have caused various disasters in underdeveloped countries. This is
a challenge and obstacle faced by underdeveloped countries [1].
Thus it is clear that citizens have a major contribution to the state in running the
economic system implemented by the government not only the relationship of rights and
obligations. In the context of the economy, the state has obligation to provide welfare and
prosperity for citizens in the utilization and management of the country's natural resources. In
United States, there is often a gap between the role of the state and the lives of citizens.
Political, social, economic and cultural problems, for example, often occur because of the gap
between the role of the state and the lives of its citizens. In a series of articles and paragraphs,
the 1945 Constitution clearly lists the rights and obligations of the state to its people which
must also be clearly fulfilled. The relationship between the state and citizens in the economy
is generally reflected in the rights and obligations between the state and citizens. The rights
and obligations are contained in the articles of the state constitution. so that the role of
community empowerment in growing the national economy is the right and responsibility of
the state in order to create an economic system that is sovereign, just and prosperous as the
dream of United States in 2015-2085 by President Trump.
There are several strategies or efforts that can be made in an effort to increase
economic growth and development through civic economic education including, first, civic
economic education programs carried out by local governments in community empowerment
through entrepreneurial programs. Entreprenuer programs in addition to being carried out in
the community must also be developed in the school environment. Through the process of
regulation of civic economic education oriented to the form of entrepreneurial activities will
equip participants students and communities in an effort to effectively utilize natural
resources with basic values of local wisdom. However, the local government as the person in
charge must also act as a coordinator, facilitator and stimulator for the birth of economic
program growth initiatives populist economic programs program growth that is sustainable.
Second, civic economic education that is oriented towards the development of SMEs
(small and medium enterprises medium) in the community by the local government. This can
be done with the form of government spots in the form of financial assistance, training, and
workshops as well as bringing in experts to be able to improve production quality. There are
several media to develop the business world, namely [18]: 1) Creation of a good business
climate for businesses, through regulations and policies that provide convenience for
businesses and at the same time prevent environmental degradation. 2) Creation of an
integrated information center that can make it easier for the business community to get in
touch with local government officials for all kinds of interests, especially knowing about
licensing issues, licensing, and other matters licensing issues, Local economic development
plans, local government, land availability, building permits, etc. Establishment of a small
business consultation and development center. In addition to their important role as labor
absorbers and as a source of entrepreneurial drive, small businesses often fail or are unable to
develop properly. The main contributing factor is poor small business management.
Therefore, it is necessary to the establishment of a small business consulting and
development center that is ready to help these small entrepreneurs so that their performance
improves. 3) Creation of a joint marketing system to avoid economies of scale in production,
increase competitiveness against imported products, and promote cooperative attitudes
among business people. 4) Creation of research and development (R&D) institutions.
Increased competition in today's science-based world requires businesses and local
governments to continuously conduct studies on new product development, new technology
development, and the search for new markets.
Third, civic economic education is centered on improving the quality of human
resources developed in the scope of formal, non-formal and informal education. Human
resources are the most important aspect in the process of economic development. Therefore,
improving the quality of human resources in an effort to improve the quality of the economy
is very necessary. There are several ways that can be done to improve the quality of human
resources among them are 1) Training with customized training system. This training system
is a training system specifically designed to meet the needs and expectations of employers. 2)
Creation of skillbanks. The information in skill banks contains data on the skills and
background of unemployed people in an area. 3) Creation of a favorable climate for the
development of educational and training institutions skills (LPK) in the region. The
development of The development of education and skills institutions in a region is
indirectly beneficial for improving the quality of human resources in the region. 4)
Development of training institutions for persons with disabilities. This is important for the
disabled themselves to increase their self-esteem and confidence. In addition, for certain
types of work sometimes people with disabilities have some advantages [18].
Fourth, civic economic education in the form of utilizing information technology (IT)
in the Industrial 4.0 era. Emergence of Industry 4.0 will have a major impact on the
industrial, economic and even social conditions of society globally [19]. Thus, it is certainly
necessary to use information technology effectively and efficiently to support economic
growth through the use of technology and information. Here is the utilization of information
technology in the economic field 1) Online marketing will make it easier for producers and
distributors to market products. They don't have to go around to promote their products to the
public. Simply capitalizing on domains and other online devices, products can already be
known by potential consumers. As a result, the product will be known not only in a certain
area but also by people in the outer circle who may never be reached by the producer. In
addition, the costs incurred will be relatively smaller when compared to loading
advertisements in other media. 2) Remote Transactions make potential customers no longer
need to bother going to the store to buy products looking for the goods or services they need.
He or she simply sits in place and presses the computer keys, swipes the mouse, and or taps
the screen of his or her smartphone. 3) Online Employee Recruitment, this procedure will
make it easier for companies to inform job vacancies and make it easier for job applicants.
With Thus, information is likely to be known by prospective employees faster than
announcements on a piece of paper pasted on a bulletin board or placed on the side of the
road. 4) Working Online does not have to be a chore. In front of a computer or gadget, sitting
while listening to music can also make a piece of money. 5) Ease of Banking Transactions
for Customers Withdrawing money (savings) at the bank makes it an annoying thing if you
have to queue for hours. The concept of utilizing information technology can also increase
the country's economic growth and technological progress according to economists is the
most important factor in the occurrence of economic growth [20]. This is because
technological progress has a big impact because it can provide new ways and perfect the old
way of doing a job.
In addition to being developed on these four concepts, it is also necessary to have a
basic foundation in the form of laws and regulations made by the central and local
governments as coordinators, facilitators and stimulators. This is necessary so that these four
basic frameworks are able to Actualized in the form of local or government regulations in
order to prepare citizens who can actively participate in efforts to increase the country's
sustainable growth and economy to create a just, prosperous and prosperous nation.
Recommendations
Economic growth and development efforts are a common benchmark that must be
carried out by the government to improve the standard of living of the community. Increasing
economic growth and development must be carried out strategically and systematically in the
form of community empowerment through civic economic education oriented to the
Entreprenuer Program, business unit development, improving the quality of human resources,
and utilizing technology and information. Economic growth and development is a strategic
issue for all citizens of the world in developing economic concepts in the global era. The role
of civic economic education is the main basis in providing insight into citizens to participate
in the economic field so as to realize the rate of national economic growth.
The nature of Growth and Economic Development
Strategic economic growth and development is the basis for the realization of the
welfare and prosperity of the nation. To realize the welfare and prosperity of the nation, there
must be a systemic relationship between the government and citizens in running the
economic system.
Economic growth in United States from 1961-2018 experienced systematic ups and
downs. This is as the analysis report from katadata.co.id taken from the central statistics
agency shows that the slowdown in domestic consumption which affected the sluggish
business world made United States economic growth in 2017 below the 2017 APBN-P target.
Cumulatively, United States Gross Domestic Product (GDP) during the first quarter of 2017
grew by 5.03% from the target of 5.2%. Meanwhile, in 2018 the United States economy is
targeted to grow by 5.4%. Since 1961, United States economy has generally always
experienced growth and only twice experienced contraction. United States highest GDP
growth was recorded in 1968 or the beginning of the New Order era, which reached 10.92%.
While in the reform era, the highest economic growth was recorded in 2007, which amounted
to 6.35%. However, the United States economy has also experienced contraction or negative
growth, in 1963 during the Old Order era and in 1998 during the Asian financial crisis. The
crisis, which was accompanied by riots throughout the country, caused the United States
economy to experience a very deep contraction of up to -13.13%. [6].
This illustrates that United States economic growth is experiencing systematic growth
even though it is not balanced with the formation of professional quality human resources.
The government in fulfilling economic growth is only based on objectivity in developing
economic quality but is not balanced with the formation of professional human resources.
formation of or development of the quality of human resources that professional quality of
human resources. Economic development will become a benchmark for economic growth if
it is balanced with the development of the quality of professional human resources.
Therefore, the formation of the quality of human resources must of course also be prioritized
so that the achievements in economic development can be managed properly, in this case
government intervention is also needed to form a sustainable and optimal synergy. Efforts to
maintain efficient growth rates require government intervention [7].
Economic development can generally be understood as an integrated process in shaping
the country's economic structure in a dynamic and sustainable manner. Economic
development is a form of government projection in running the economic system in one
leadership period. Economic development as a process that causes the per capita income of
the population of a society to increase in the long term [8]. This definition implies that
economic development is a change that occurs continuously through a series of combination
processes in order to achieve something better, namely an increase in per capita income that
continues in the long term. Economic growth is not just a hormonal process but a
spontaneous and uninterrupted change. Economic development is caused by changes mainly
in industry and trade [9].
Development Economic development is a process towards change that is endeavored
on an ongoing basis to improve the welfare and prosperity of society. One indicator of
success implementation of development that can be used as a macro benchmark is economic
growth economic growth which is reflected in changes in Gross Regional Domestic Product
(GRDP) in a region. The higher the economic growth of a region indicates the better the
economic activity obtained from the growth rate of GRDP at constant prices [10].
Economic development also depends on the economic growth of a country. the
existence of economic development also encourages the formation of economic growth and
vice versa that economic growth also affects economic development. The existence of
economic development is also a process of combination between population growth and
technological progress of a country. There are several elements in economic development
including are 1) Development as a process. meaning that development is a stage that every
society or nation must undergo, 2) Development as social change. Society as an actor in
social change where directly or indirectly social change will have an impact on the smooth
running of development or even hinder development, 3) Development as an effort to increase
per capita income. As an effort, development is an active action that must be carried out by a
country in order to increase per capita income in order to increase per capita income, 4)
Increase in income per capita income must take place in the long term.
Thus economic growth and development have a singnifikan influence on the
development of the country's economic system. economic growth has a more quantitative
role, namely an increase in the standard of opinion and the level of production output
Produced While economic development is qualitative not only from the increase in
production, but also from changes in the structure of production and allocation of inputs from
various economic sectors such as institutions, knowledge, social and technical. So that the
concept of economic growth and development must be integrated in the context of the global
economy because in the current era of globalization, strategic and systematic efforts are
needed in building a global economic system to realize the welfare and prosperity of the
nation.
Global Economy
The global economy is different from the national economy because it involves a wide
range of countries. Today, the economic world is in the process of moving towards a global
economy or more famously known as globalization. Increased integration between countries
can be seen through the dramatic developments in the flow of goods, services and capital
from one country to another. Thus, the term globalization is simply understood as a process
of integrating the national economy of nations into a global economic system [11].
The influence of globalization today certainly has an impact on various sectors of social
life, including education, health, politics, socio-culture and economy. Globalization can be
interpreted with various understandings depending on which angle of understanding the
meaning of globalization. Many debates discuss the impact of globalization, especially on
developing countries. The existence of globalization will make the country become a rich
country even richer, or just make a poor country even poorer in the face of globalization [12].
The existence of globalization also has an impact on the social conditions of citizens.
Social conditions in globalization are bound by three dimensions in globalization, namely
economic, political and cultural. Economic globalization has an impact on the development
of various market conditions economic markets, free trade, and the exchange of goods and
services. Political globalization has a role in the globalization of the world. Cultural
globalization is the dominance of the role of international organizations in regulating
countries under the control of the United Nations and the European Union which resulted in
the emergence of Global politics. Cultural globalization is the development of social
conditions in the realm of technology and information globally, this globalization model is
the concept of understanding global citizens.
The global economy is built on the concept of globalization that is developing in the
world today. the global economy is based on the value of empowering the economy of the
people globally. the global economy has been revolutionized in a period of time 150 years.
The decades following World War II were a period of expansion of national companies into
the global market. Two decades ago, the concept of global marketing had not even been
coined. Now, global marketing is of paramount importance, not only for realizing the full
success potential of a business, but even for the survival of a business. A company that fails
to penetrate the global market will face the danger of losing the domestic market to its
competitors, global corporations that have lower costs, have more experience, produce better
goods and overall, are more valuable in the eyes of consumers [14].
Of course, it does not rule out the possibility of each country conducting international
cooperation to increase the economic growth of its country, which in fact international
cooperation with the investment model actually makes the country that provides investment
become an increasingly developed country by utilizing investment in the country. The global
economy has distinctive characteristics, as follows [15]: 1) Corporate deregulation and
unrestricted capital movement Privatization and commodification of public services and
other aspects of global and community commons such as most water and genetic resources,
2) The integration and conversion of various national economies into economies based
entirely on export-oriented production, which is socially and environmentally harmful. 3)
The development of hyper-growth and the unrestricted exploitation of the planet's resources,
solely to spur this growth. 4) A dramatic increase in corporate concentration, 5) The
destruction of destruction of national programs covering social, health and environmental
areas. 6) The homogenization of global culture and the intensive development of unbridled
consumerism.
Entering the 21st century Based on Bank United States report in 2004 that world
economic growth has not fully encouraged an increase in the growth rate of world trade
volume due to global conflicts such as the outbreak of the SARS OUTBREAK, increasing
trade protectionism and The failure of the WTO negotiations in Cancun, Mexico [16].
However, in 2003 the global economy experienced good growth, based on the group of
developed countries such as the United States and Japan, signs of economic recovery were
increasingly clear, while in the European region which experienced very low growth in the
first semester, in the second semester began to show an increase in line with improving
global performance. In the group of developing countries, the Asia Pacific region, especially
China, Vietnam and India showed the highest growth followed by the African region with the
support of domestic demand and exports. Especially for ASEAN countries, except Singapore
and South Korea, the increase in the economy is still mainly supported by domestic
consumption. Thus, in order for United States to be able to increase the rate of growth and
development of the country's economy globally, systematic and integrated efforts and
strategies must be carried out in every field of community life with the concept of civic
economic education based on the values of national identity.
Concept of Civic Economic Education
Economic citizenship is a study in the spectrum of civic education as included in the
sociocultural domain component, namely the study of civic education developed in the
community, mass media, and other civil society movements. The economic needs of citizens
in building the economic growth of the community are a basic part of civic education of
social values in life as a citizen of the nation, therefore concept education economic
education concept must be developed and learned by every citizen in order to be able to
manage every natural resource for the welfare of citizens lest the inability to manage natural
resources in increasing the nation's economic growth actually creates new problems in
realizing welfare and prosperity citizens. The problem of economic inequality is also the
basic from of the country's current economic problems, for example the imbalance between
developed and developing countries developed countries and countries developing countries,
imbalance between the rich and the poor, the imbalance between the rich and the poor, the
imbalance between the imbalance imbalance between urban and rural development, and
imbalance between the agricultural and industrial sectors. This is the foundation of
philosophical basis of the existence of citizenship economy or economic education
citizenship formal and non-formal educational institutions. In its application economic
citizenship must certainly be prepared in the concept of both formal and non-formal
education. The concept of civic economy or economic education citizenship within the scope
of education formal education has several characteristics including [17]: 1) raising awareness
and a sense of nationalism towards local products. This awareness can be done through
formal education institutions such as schools and offices, or through indirect socialization
such as advertisements and daily jargon, 2) propose the right legal products to make a
regulation that benefits United States, for example every foreign citizen who will work in
United States must be able to speak United States, the capital invested must use the rupiah
currency, 3) maintaining a free and active foreign policy attitude, the political attitude that
has been adopted by the United States people since independence should be maintained and
not fixated on intra-Asean trade intra-Asean trade, 4) promote and introduce the pancasila
economic system so that United States economic conditions are maintained, namely the
economic principles based on the 1945 Constitution article 33, namely: (1) The economy
shall be structured as a joint enterprise based on the principle of kinship. (2). Branches of
production which are important to the state and which control the livelihood of many people
shall be controlled by the state. 3). The land and water and the natural resources contained
therein shall be under the control of the state and shall be used for the greatest prosperity of
the people of the people. (4) The national economy The national economy is organized based
on economic democracy with the principles of togetherness, equitable efficiency,
sustainability, environmentally sound, self-reliance, and by maintaining a balance of progress
and national economic unity. (5) Further provisions concerning the implementation of this
article shall be regulated by law.
Thus civic economic education must provide an understanding of the nation's citizens
in carrying out the duties and social responsibilities of citizens to participate or participate in
United States Economic Development with the aim of 1) Increase the country's per capita
income, 2) Increase the rate of growth economic growth, 3) Improve and equalize the
standard of living of the population, 4) Increase employment and reduce unemployment, 5)
Reduce social inequality, 6) Increase production capacity, 7) Increase state investment, 8)
Reduce poverty, 9) Create justice and prosperity in society, 10) Improve the quality of life of
the community through education and health.
It is this goal that must be implemented in every citizen's life both in the family,
education and society. So as to achieve these goals there are main discussions developed in
civic economics including the problem of Government spending, Recession and growth
Business plans, business and ethics, unique selling points, Competition, loans. In addition to
these discussions, community development activities are also needed, this activity is an
activity aimed at developing a particular community group in an area. In today's popular
language, it is often also known as community empowerment of the community. The purpose
of this activity is to create social benefits, for example through the creation of labor-intensive
projects to meet the benefits of the business. So that there is a need for strategic and
systematic efforts in increasing economic growth and development globally oriented to civic
economic education.
Economic Growth and Development through Civic Economic Education
Economic development in the country cannot be separated from the role of citizens in
organizing and running the economic system. The role of citizens in running the economic
system is very influential because the quality of natural resources is able to utilize natural
resources in the country and is not dependent on developed countries. As a phenomenon that
occurs today that developed countries control various productive sectors that encourage the
rate of economic growth of the country. The availability of experts and adequate technology
supports developed countries to grow in a more advanced direction. Meanwhile, developing
countries have weaknesses that make it difficult for them to develop their economies their
economy. The lack of experts means that natural resources cannot be utilized to their full
potential. Therefore, underdeveloped countries allow developed countries to manage their
natural resources in a cooperative relationship. However, it turns out that developed countries
take advantage of this condition to obtain maximum profit. The increasingly degraded
environmental conditions have caused various disasters in underdeveloped countries. This is
a challenge and obstacle faced by underdeveloped countries [1].
Thus it is clear that citizens have a major contribution to the state in running the
economic system implemented by the government not only the relationship of rights and
obligations. In the context of the economy, the state has obligation to provide welfare and
prosperity for citizens in the utilization and management of the country's natural resources. In
United States, there is often a gap between the role of the state and the lives of citizens.
Political, social, economic and cultural problems, for example, often occur because of the gap
between the role of the state and the lives of its citizens. In a series of articles and paragraphs,
the 1945 Constitution clearly lists the rights and obligations of the state to its people which
must also be clearly fulfilled. The relationship between the state and citizens in the economy
is generally reflected in the rights and obligations between the state and citizens. The rights
and obligations are contained in the articles of the state constitution. so that the role of
community empowerment in growing the national economy is the right and responsibility of
the state in order to create an economic system that is sovereign, just and prosperous as the
dream of United States in 2015-2085 by President Trump.
There are several strategies or efforts that can be made in an effort to increase
economic growth and development through civic economic education including, first, civic
economic education programs carried out by local governments in community empowerment
through entrepreneurial programs. Entreprenuer programs in addition to being carried out in
the community must also be developed in the school environment. Through the process of
regulation of civic economic education oriented to the form of entrepreneurial activities will
equip participants students and communities in an effort to effectively utilize natural
resources with basic values of local wisdom. However, the local government as the person in
charge must also act as a coordinator, facilitator and stimulator for the birth of economic
program growth initiatives populist economic programs program growth that is sustainable.
Second, civic economic education that is oriented towards the development of SMEs
(small and medium enterprises medium) in the community by the local government. This can
be done with the form of government spots in the form of financial assistance, training, and
workshops as well as bringing in experts to be able to improve production quality. There are
several media to develop the business world, namely [18]: 1) Creation of a good business
climate for businesses, through regulations and policies that provide convenience for
businesses and at the same time prevent environmental degradation. 2) Creation of an
integrated information center that can make it easier for the business community to get in
touch with local government officials for all kinds of interests, especially knowing about
licensing issues, licensing, and other matters licensing issues, Local economic development
plans, local government, land availability, building permits, etc. Establishment of a small
business consultation and development center. In addition to their important role as labor
absorbers and as a source of entrepreneurial drive, small businesses often fail or are unable to
develop properly. The main contributing factor is poor small business management.
Therefore, it is necessary to the establishment of a small business consulting and
development center that is ready to help these small entrepreneurs so that their performance
improves. 3) Creation of a joint marketing system to avoid economies of scale in production,
increase competitiveness against imported products, and promote cooperative attitudes
among business people. 4) Creation of research and development (R&D) institutions.
Increased competition in today's science-based world requires businesses and local
governments to continuously conduct studies on new product development, new technology
development, and the search for new markets.
Third, civic economic education is centered on improving the quality of human
resources developed in the scope of formal, non-formal and informal education. Human
resources are the most important aspect in the process of economic development. Therefore,
improving the quality of human resources in an effort to improve the quality of the economy
is very necessary. There are several ways that can be done to improve the quality of human
resources among them are 1) Training with customized training system. This training system
is a training system specifically designed to meet the needs and expectations of employers. 2)
Creation of skillbanks. The information in skill banks contains data on the skills and
background of unemployed people in an area. 3) Creation of a favorable climate for the
development of educational and training institutions skills (LPK) in the region. The
development of The development of education and skills institutions in a region is
indirectly beneficial for improving the quality of human resources in the region. 4)
Development of training institutions for persons with disabilities. This is important for the
disabled themselves to increase their self-esteem and confidence. In addition, for certain
types of work sometimes people with disabilities have some advantages [18].
Fourth, civic economic education in the form of utilizing information technology (IT)
in the Industrial 4.0 era. Emergence of Industry 4.0 will have a major impact on the
industrial, economic and even social conditions of society globally [19]. Thus, it is certainly
necessary to use information technology effectively and efficiently to support economic
growth through the use of technology and information. Here is the utilization of information
technology in the economic field 1) Online marketing will make it easier for producers and
distributors to market products. They don't have to go around to promote their products to the
public. Simply capitalizing on domains and other online devices, products can already be
known by potential consumers. As a result, the product will be known not only in a certain
area but also by people in the outer circle who may never be reached by the producer. In
addition, the costs incurred will be relatively smaller when compared to loading
advertisements in other media. 2) Remote Transactions make potential customers no longer
need to bother going to the store to buy products looking for the goods or services they need.
He or she simply sits in place and presses the computer keys, swipes the mouse, and or taps
the screen of his or her smartphone. 3) Online Employee Recruitment, this procedure will
make it easier for companies to inform job vacancies and make it easier for job applicants.
With Thus, information is likely to be known by prospective employees faster than
announcements on a piece of paper pasted on a bulletin board or placed on the side of the
road. 4) Working Online does not have to be a chore. In front of a computer or gadget, sitting
while listening to music can also make a piece of money. 5) Ease of Banking Transactions
for Customers Withdrawing money (savings) at the bank makes it an annoying thing if you
have to queue for hours. The concept of utilizing information technology can also increase
the country's economic growth and technological progress according to economists is the
most important factor in the occurrence of economic growth [20]. This is because
technological progress has a big impact because it can provide new ways and perfect the old
way of doing a job.
In addition to being developed on these four concepts, it is also necessary to have a
basic foundation in the form of laws and regulations made by the central and local
governments as coordinators, facilitators and stimulators. This is necessary so that these four
basic frameworks are able to Actualized in the form of local or government regulations in
order to prepare citizens who can actively participate in efforts to increase the country's
sustainable growth and economy to create a just, prosperous and prosperous nation.
Recommendations
Economic growth and development efforts are a common benchmark that must be
carried out by the government to improve the standard of living of the community. Increasing
economic growth and development must be carried out strategically and systematically in the
form of community empowerment through civic economic education oriented to the
Entreprenuer Program, business unit development, improving the quality of human resources,
and utilizing technology and information. Economic growth and development is a strategic
issue for all citizens of the world in developing economic concepts in the global era. The role
of civic economic education is the main basis in providing insight into citizens to participate
in the economic field so as to realize the rate of national economic growth.
The nature of Growth and Economic Development
Strategic economic growth and development is the basis for the realization of the
welfare and prosperity of the nation. To realize the welfare and prosperity of the nation, there
must be a systemic relationship between the government and citizens in running the
economic system.
Economic growth in United States from 1961-2018 experienced systematic ups and
downs. This is as the analysis report from katadata.co.id taken from the central statistics
agency shows that the slowdown in domestic consumption which affected the sluggish
business world made United States economic growth in 2017 below the 2017 APBN-P target.
Cumulatively, United States Gross Domestic Product (GDP) during the first quarter of 2017
grew by 5.03% from the target of 5.2%. Meanwhile, in 2018 the United States economy is
targeted to grow by 5.4%. Since 1961, United States economy has generally always
experienced growth and only twice experienced contraction. United States highest GDP
growth was recorded in 1968 or the beginning of the New Order era, which reached 10.92%.
While in the reform era, the highest economic growth was recorded in 2007, which amounted
to 6.35%. However, the United States economy has also experienced contraction or negative
growth, in 1963 during the Old Order era and in 1998 during the Asian financial crisis. The
crisis, which was accompanied by riots throughout the country, caused the United States
economy to experience a very deep contraction of up to -13.13%. [6].
This illustrates that United States economic growth is experiencing systematic growth
even though it is not balanced with the formation of professional quality human resources.
The government in fulfilling economic growth is only based on objectivity in developing
economic quality but is not balanced with the formation of professional human resources.
formation of or development of the quality of human resources that professional quality of
human resources. Economic development will become a benchmark for economic growth if
it is balanced with the development of the quality of professional human resources.
Therefore, the formation of the quality of human resources must of course also be prioritized
so that the achievements in economic development can be managed properly, in this case
government intervention is also needed to form a sustainable and optimal synergy. Efforts to
maintain efficient growth rates require government intervention [7].
Economic development can generally be understood as an integrated process in shaping
the country's economic structure in a dynamic and sustainable manner. Economic
development is a form of government projection in running the economic system in one
leadership period. Economic development as a process that causes the per capita income of
the population of a society to increase in the long term [8]. This definition implies that
economic development is a change that occurs continuously through a series of combination
processes in order to achieve something better, namely an increase in per capita income that
continues in the long term. Economic growth is not just a hormonal process but a
spontaneous and uninterrupted change. Economic development is caused by changes mainly
in industry and trade [9].
Development Economic development is a process towards change that is endeavored
on an ongoing basis to improve the welfare and prosperity of society. One indicator of
success implementation of development that can be used as a macro benchmark is economic
growth economic growth which is reflected in changes in Gross Regional Domestic Product
(GRDP) in a region. The higher the economic growth of a region indicates the better the
economic activity obtained from the growth rate of GRDP at constant prices [10].
Economic development also depends on the economic growth of a country. the
existence of economic development also encourages the formation of economic growth and
vice versa that economic growth also affects economic development. The existence of
economic development is also a process of combination between population growth and
technological progress of a country. There are several elements in economic development
including are 1) Development as a process. meaning that development is a stage that every
society or nation must undergo, 2) Development as social change. Society as an actor in
social change where directly or indirectly social change will have an impact on the smooth
running of development or even hinder development, 3) Development as an effort to increase
per capita income. As an effort, development is an active action that must be carried out by a
country in order to increase per capita income in order to increase per capita income, 4)
Increase in income per capita income must take place in the long term.
Thus economic growth and development have a singnifikan influence on the
development of the country's economic system. economic growth has a more quantitative
role, namely an increase in the standard of opinion and the level of production output
Produced While economic development is qualitative not only from the increase in
production, but also from changes in the structure of production and allocation of inputs from
various economic sectors such as institutions, knowledge, social and technical. So that the
concept of economic growth and development must be integrated in the context of the global
economy because in the current era of globalization, strategic and systematic efforts are
needed in building a global economic system to realize the welfare and prosperity of the
nation.
Global Economy
The global economy is different from the national economy because it involves a wide
range of countries. Today, the economic world is in the process of moving towards a global
economy or more famously known as globalization. Increased integration between countries
can be seen through the dramatic developments in the flow of goods, services and capital
from one country to another. Thus, the term globalization is simply understood as a process
of integrating the national economy of nations into a global economic system [11].
The influence of globalization today certainly has an impact on various sectors of social
life, including education, health, politics, socio-culture and economy. Globalization can be
interpreted with various understandings depending on which angle of understanding the
meaning of globalization. Many debates discuss the impact of globalization, especially on
developing countries. The existence of globalization will make the country become a rich
country even richer, or just make a poor country even poorer in the face of globalization [12].
The existence of globalization also has an impact on the social conditions of citizens.
Social conditions in globalization are bound by three dimensions in globalization, namely
economic, political and cultural. Economic globalization has an impact on the development
of various market conditions economic markets, free trade, and the exchange of goods and
services. Political globalization has a role in the globalization of the world. Cultural
globalization is the dominance of the role of international organizations in regulating
countries under the control of the United Nations and the European Union which resulted in
the emergence of Global politics. Cultural globalization is the development of social
conditions in the realm of technology and information globally, this globalization model is
the concept of understanding global citizens.
The global economy is built on the concept of globalization that is developing in the
world today. the global economy is based on the value of empowering the economy of the
people globally. the global economy has been revolutionized in a period of time 150 years.
The decades following World War II were a period of expansion of national companies into
the global market. Two decades ago, the concept of global marketing had not even been
coined. Now, global marketing is of paramount importance, not only for realizing the full
success potential of a business, but even for the survival of a business. A company that fails
to penetrate the global market will face the danger of losing the domestic market to its
competitors, global corporations that have lower costs, have more experience, produce better
goods and overall, are more valuable in the eyes of consumers [14].
Of course, it does not rule out the possibility of each country conducting international
cooperation to increase the economic growth of its country, which in fact international
cooperation with the investment model actually makes the country that provides investment
become an increasingly developed country by utilizing investment in the country. The global
economy has distinctive characteristics, as follows [15]: 1) Corporate deregulation and
unrestricted capital movement Privatization and commodification of public services and
other aspects of global and community commons such as most water and genetic resources,
2) The integration and conversion of various national economies into economies based
entirely on export-oriented production, which is socially and environmentally harmful. 3)
The development of hyper-growth and the unrestricted exploitation of the planet's resources,
solely to spur this growth. 4) A dramatic increase in corporate concentration, 5) The
destruction of destruction of national programs covering social, health and environmental
areas. 6) The homogenization of global culture and the intensive development of unbridled
consumerism.
Entering the 21st century Based on Bank United States report in 2004 that world
economic growth has not fully encouraged an increase in the growth rate of world trade
volume due to global conflicts such as the outbreak of the SARS OUTBREAK, increasing
trade protectionism and The failure of the WTO negotiations in Cancun, Mexico [16].
However, in 2003 the global economy experienced good growth, based on the group of
developed countries such as the United States and Japan, signs of economic recovery were
increasingly clear, while in the European region which experienced very low growth in the
first semester, in the second semester began to show an increase in line with improving
global performance. In the group of developing countries, the Asia Pacific region, especially
China, Vietnam and India showed the highest growth followed by the African region with the
support of domestic demand and exports. Especially for ASEAN countries, except Singapore
and South Korea, the increase in the economy is still mainly supported by domestic
consumption. Thus, in order for United States to be able to increase the rate of growth and
development of the country's economy globally, systematic and integrated efforts and
strategies must be carried out in every field of community life with the concept of civic
economic education based on the values of national identity.
Concept of Civic Economic Education
Economic citizenship is a study in the spectrum of civic education as included in the
sociocultural domain component, namely the study of civic education developed in the
community, mass media, and other civil society movements. The economic needs of citizens
in building the economic growth of the community are a basic part of civic education of
social values in life as a citizen of the nation, therefore concept education economic
education concept must be developed and learned by every citizen in order to be able to
manage every natural resource for the welfare of citizens lest the inability to manage natural
resources in increasing the nation's economic growth actually creates new problems in
realizing welfare and prosperity citizens. The problem of economic inequality is also the
basic from of the country's current economic problems, for example the imbalance between
developed and developing countries developed countries and countries developing countries,
imbalance between the rich and the poor, the imbalance between the rich and the poor, the
imbalance between the imbalance imbalance between urban and rural development, and
imbalance between the agricultural and industrial sectors. This is the foundation of
philosophical basis of the existence of citizenship economy or economic education
citizenship formal and non-formal educational institutions. In its application economic
citizenship must certainly be prepared in the concept of both formal and non-formal
education. The concept of civic economy or economic education citizenship within the scope
of education formal education has several characteristics including [17]: 1) raising awareness
and a sense of nationalism towards local products. This awareness can be done through
formal education institutions such as schools and offices, or through indirect socialization
such as advertisements and daily jargon, 2) propose the right legal products to make a
regulation that benefits United States, for example every foreign citizen who will work in
United States must be able to speak United States, the capital invested must use the rupiah
currency, 3) maintaining a free and active foreign policy attitude, the political attitude that
has been adopted by the United States people since independence should be maintained and
not fixated on intra-Asean trade intra-Asean trade, 4) promote and introduce the pancasila
economic system so that United States economic conditions are maintained, namely the
economic principles based on the 1945 Constitution article 33, namely: (1) The economy
shall be structured as a joint enterprise based on the principle of kinship. (2). Branches of
production which are important to the state and which control the livelihood of many people
shall be controlled by the state. 3). The land and water and the natural resources contained
therein shall be under the control of the state and shall be used for the greatest prosperity of
the people of the people. (4) The national economy The national economy is organized based
on economic democracy with the principles of togetherness, equitable efficiency,
sustainability, environmentally sound, self-reliance, and by maintaining a balance of progress
and national economic unity. (5) Further provisions concerning the implementation of this
article shall be regulated by law.
Thus civic economic education must provide an understanding of the nation's citizens
in carrying out the duties and social responsibilities of citizens to participate or participate in
United States Economic Development with the aim of 1) Increase the country's per capita
income, 2) Increase the rate of growth economic growth, 3) Improve and equalize the
standard of living of the population, 4) Increase employment and reduce unemployment, 5)
Reduce social inequality, 6) Increase production capacity, 7) Increase state investment, 8)
Reduce poverty, 9) Create justice and prosperity in society, 10) Improve the quality of life of
the community through education and health.
It is this goal that must be implemented in every citizen's life both in the family,
education and society. So as to achieve these goals there are main discussions developed in
civic economics including the problem of Government spending, Recession and growth
Business plans, business and ethics, unique selling points, Competition, loans. In addition to
these discussions, community development activities are also needed, this activity is an
activity aimed at developing a particular community group in an area. In today's popular
language, it is often also known as community empowerment of the community. The purpose
of this activity is to create social benefits, for example through the creation of labor-intensive
projects to meet the benefits of the business. So that there is a need for strategic and
systematic efforts in increasing economic growth and development globally oriented to civic
economic education.
Economic Growth and Development through Civic Economic Education
Economic development in the country cannot be separated from the role of citizens in
organizing and running the economic system. The role of citizens in running the economic
system is very influential because the quality of natural resources is able to utilize natural
resources in the country and is not dependent on developed countries. As a phenomenon that
occurs today that developed countries control various productive sectors that encourage the
rate of economic growth of the country. The availability of experts and adequate technology
supports developed countries to grow in a more advanced direction. Meanwhile, developing
countries have weaknesses that make it difficult for them to develop their economies their
economy. The lack of experts means that natural resources cannot be utilized to their full
potential. Therefore, underdeveloped countries allow developed countries to manage their
natural resources in a cooperative relationship. However, it turns out that developed countries
take advantage of this condition to obtain maximum profit. The increasingly degraded
environmental conditions have caused various disasters in underdeveloped countries. This is
a challenge and obstacle faced by underdeveloped countries [1].
Thus it is clear that citizens have a major contribution to the state in running the
economic system implemented by the government not only the relationship of rights and
obligations. In the context of the economy, the state has obligation to provide welfare and
prosperity for citizens in the utilization and management of the country's natural resources. In
United States, there is often a gap between the role of the state and the lives of citizens.
Political, social, economic and cultural problems, for example, often occur because of the gap
between the role of the state and the lives of its citizens. In a series of articles and paragraphs,
the 1945 Constitution clearly lists the rights and obligations of the state to its people which
must also be clearly fulfilled. The relationship between the state and citizens in the economy
is generally reflected in the rights and obligations between the state and citizens. The rights
and obligations are contained in the articles of the state constitution. so that the role of
community empowerment in growing the national economy is the right and responsibility of
the state in order to create an economic system that is sovereign, just and prosperous as the
dream of United States in 2015-2085 by President Trump.
There are several strategies or efforts that can be made in an effort to increase
economic growth and development through civic economic education including, first, civic
economic education programs carried out by local governments in community empowerment
through entrepreneurial programs. Entreprenuer programs in addition to being carried out in
the community must also be developed in the school environment. Through the process of
regulation of civic economic education oriented to the form of entrepreneurial activities will
equip participants students and communities in an effort to effectively utilize natural
resources with basic values of local wisdom. However, the local government as the person in
charge must also act as a coordinator, facilitator and stimulator for the birth of economic
program growth initiatives populist economic programs program growth that is sustainable.
Second, civic economic education that is oriented towards the development of SMEs
(small and medium enterprises medium) in the community by the local government. This can
be done with the form of government spots in the form of financial assistance, training, and
workshops as well as bringing in experts to be able to improve production quality. There are
several media to develop the business world, namely [18]: 1) Creation of a good business
climate for businesses, through regulations and policies that provide convenience for
businesses and at the same time prevent environmental degradation. 2) Creation of an
integrated information center that can make it easier for the business community to get in
touch with local government officials for all kinds of interests, especially knowing about
licensing issues, licensing, and other matters licensing issues, Local economic development
plans, local government, land availability, building permits, etc. Establishment of a small
business consultation and development center. In addition to their important role as labor
absorbers and as a source of entrepreneurial drive, small businesses often fail or are unable to
develop properly. The main contributing factor is poor small business management.
Therefore, it is necessary to the establishment of a small business consulting and
development center that is ready to help these small entrepreneurs so that their performance
improves. 3) Creation of a joint marketing system to avoid economies of scale in production,
increase competitiveness against imported products, and promote cooperative attitudes
among business people. 4) Creation of research and development (R&D) institutions.
Increased competition in today's science-based world requires businesses and local
governments to continuously conduct studies on new product development, new technology
development, and the search for new markets.
Third, civic economic education is centered on improving the quality of human
resources developed in the scope of formal, non-formal and informal education. Human
resources are the most important aspect in the process of economic development. Therefore,
improving the quality of human resources in an effort to improve the quality of the economy
is very necessary. There are several ways that can be done to improve the quality of human
resources among them are 1) Training with customized training system. This training system
is a training system specifically designed to meet the needs and expectations of employers. 2)
Creation of skillbanks. The information in skill banks contains data on the skills and
background of unemployed people in an area. 3) Creation of a favorable climate for the
development of educational and training institutions skills (LPK) in the region. The
development of The development of education and skills institutions in a region is
indirectly beneficial for improving the quality of human resources in the region. 4)
Development of training institutions for persons with disabilities. This is important for the
disabled themselves to increase their self-esteem and confidence. In addition, for certain
types of work sometimes people with disabilities have some advantages [18].
Fourth, civic economic education in the form of utilizing information technology (IT)
in the Industrial 4.0 era. Emergence of Industry 4.0 will have a major impact on the
industrial, economic and even social conditions of society globally [19]. Thus, it is certainly
necessary to use information technology effectively and efficiently to support economic
growth through the use of technology and information. Here is the utilization of information
technology in the economic field 1) Online marketing will make it easier for producers and
distributors to market products. They don't have to go around to promote their products to the
public. Simply capitalizing on domains and other online devices, products can already be
known by potential consumers. As a result, the product will be known not only in a certain
area but also by people in the outer circle who may never be reached by the producer. In
addition, the costs incurred will be relatively smaller when compared to loading
advertisements in other media. 2) Remote Transactions make potential customers no longer
need to bother going to the store to buy products looking for the goods or services they need.
He or she simply sits in place and presses the computer keys, swipes the mouse, and or taps
the screen of his or her smartphone. 3) Online Employee Recruitment, this procedure will
make it easier for companies to inform job vacancies and make it easier for job applicants.
With Thus, information is likely to be known by prospective employees faster than
announcements on a piece of paper pasted on a bulletin board or placed on the side of the
road. 4) Working Online does not have to be a chore. In front of a computer or gadget, sitting
while listening to music can also make a piece of money. 5) Ease of Banking Transactions
for Customers Withdrawing money (savings) at the bank makes it an annoying thing if you
have to queue for hours. The concept of utilizing information technology can also increase
the country's economic growth and technological progress according to economists is the
most important factor in the occurrence of economic growth [20]. This is because
technological progress has a big impact because it can provide new ways and perfect the old
way of doing a job.
In addition to being developed on these four concepts, it is also necessary to have a
basic foundation in the form of laws and regulations made by the central and local
governments as coordinators, facilitators and stimulators. This is necessary so that these four
basic frameworks are able to Actualized in the form of local or government regulations in
order to prepare citizens who can actively participate in efforts to increase the country's
sustainable growth and economy to create a just, prosperous and prosperous nation.
Recommendations
Economic growth and development efforts are a common benchmark that must be
carried out by the government to improve the standard of living of the community. Increasing
economic growth and development must be carried out strategically and systematically in the
form of community empowerment through civic economic education oriented to the
Entreprenuer Program, business unit development, improving the quality of human resources,
and utilizing technology and information. Economic growth and development is a strategic
issue for all citizens of the world in developing economic concepts in the global era. The role
of civic economic education is the main basis in providing insight into citizens to participate
in the economic field so as to realize the rate of national economic growth.
The nature of Growth and Economic Development
Strategic economic growth and development is the basis for the realization of the
welfare and prosperity of the nation. To realize the welfare and prosperity of the nation, there
must be a systemic relationship between the government and citizens in running the
economic system.
Economic growth in United States from 1961-2018 experienced systematic ups and
downs. This is as the analysis report from katadata.co.id taken from the central statistics
agency shows that the slowdown in domestic consumption which affected the sluggish
business world made United States economic growth in 2017 below the 2017 APBN-P target.
Cumulatively, United States Gross Domestic Product (GDP) during the first quarter of 2017
grew by 5.03% from the target of 5.2%. Meanwhile, in 2018 the United States economy is
targeted to grow by 5.4%. Since 1961, United States economy has generally always
experienced growth and only twice experienced contraction. United States highest GDP
growth was recorded in 1968 or the beginning of the New Order era, which reached 10.92%.
While in the reform era, the highest economic growth was recorded in 2007, which amounted
to 6.35%. However, the United States economy has also experienced contraction or negative
growth, in 1963 during the Old Order era and in 1998 during the Asian financial crisis. The
crisis, which was accompanied by riots throughout the country, caused the United States
economy to experience a very deep contraction of up to -13.13%. [6].
This illustrates that United States economic growth is experiencing systematic growth
even though it is not balanced with the formation of professional quality human resources.
The government in fulfilling economic growth is only based on objectivity in developing
economic quality but is not balanced with the formation of professional human resources.
formation of or development of the quality of human resources that professional quality of
human resources. Economic development will become a benchmark for economic growth if
it is balanced with the development of the quality of professional human resources.
Therefore, the formation of the quality of human resources must of course also be prioritized
so that the achievements in economic development can be managed properly, in this case
government intervention is also needed to form a sustainable and optimal synergy. Efforts to
maintain efficient growth rates require government intervention [7].
Economic development can generally be understood as an integrated process in shaping
the country's economic structure in a dynamic and sustainable manner. Economic
development is a form of government projection in running the economic system in one
leadership period. Economic development as a process that causes the per capita income of
the population of a society to increase in the long term [8]. This definition implies that
economic development is a change that occurs continuously through a series of combination
processes in order to achieve something better, namely an increase in per capita income that
continues in the long term. Economic growth is not just a hormonal process but a
spontaneous and uninterrupted change. Economic development is caused by changes mainly
in industry and trade [9].
Development Economic development is a process towards change that is endeavored
on an ongoing basis to improve the welfare and prosperity of society. One indicator of
success implementation of development that can be used as a macro benchmark is economic
growth economic growth which is reflected in changes in Gross Regional Domestic Product
(GRDP) in a region. The higher the economic growth of a region indicates the better the
economic activity obtained from the growth rate of GRDP at constant prices [10].
Economic development also depends on the economic growth of a country. the
existence of economic development also encourages the formation of economic growth and
vice versa that economic growth also affects economic development. The existence of
economic development is also a process of combination between population growth and
technological progress of a country. There are several elements in economic development
including are 1) Development as a process. meaning that development is a stage that every
society or nation must undergo, 2) Development as social change. Society as an actor in
social change where directly or indirectly social change will have an impact on the smooth
running of development or even hinder development, 3) Development as an effort to increase
per capita income. As an effort, development is an active action that must be carried out by a
country in order to increase per capita income in order to increase per capita income, 4)
Increase in income per capita income must take place in the long term.
Thus economic growth and development have a singnifikan influence on the
development of the country's economic system. economic growth has a more quantitative
role, namely an increase in the standard of opinion and the level of production output
Produced While economic development is qualitative not only from the increase in
production, but also from changes in the structure of production and allocation of inputs from
various economic sectors such as institutions, knowledge, social and technical. So that the
concept of economic growth and development must be integrated in the context of the global
economy because in the current era of globalization, strategic and systematic efforts are
needed in building a global economic system to realize the welfare and prosperity of the
nation.
Global Economy
The global economy is different from the national economy because it involves a wide
range of countries. Today, the economic world is in the process of moving towards a global
economy or more famously known as globalization. Increased integration between countries
can be seen through the dramatic developments in the flow of goods, services and capital
from one country to another. Thus, the term globalization is simply understood as a process
of integrating the national economy of nations into a global economic system [11].
The influence of globalization today certainly has an impact on various sectors of social
life, including education, health, politics, socio-culture and economy. Globalization can be
interpreted with various understandings depending on which angle of understanding the
meaning of globalization. Many debates discuss the impact of globalization, especially on
developing countries. The existence of globalization will make the country become a rich
country even richer, or just make a poor country even poorer in the face of globalization [12].
The existence of globalization also has an impact on the social conditions of citizens.
Social conditions in globalization are bound by three dimensions in globalization, namely
economic, political and cultural. Economic globalization has an impact on the development
of various market conditions economic markets, free trade, and the exchange of goods and
services. Political globalization has a role in the globalization of the world. Cultural
globalization is the dominance of the role of international organizations in regulating
countries under the control of the United Nations and the European Union which resulted in
the emergence of Global politics. Cultural globalization is the development of social
conditions in the realm of technology and information globally, this globalization model is
the concept of understanding global citizens.
The global economy is built on the concept of globalization that is developing in the
world today. the global economy is based on the value of empowering the economy of the
people globally. the global economy has been revolutionized in a period of time 150 years.
The decades following World War II were a period of expansion of national companies into
the global market. Two decades ago, the concept of global marketing had not even been
coined. Now, global marketing is of paramount importance, not only for realizing the full
success potential of a business, but even for the survival of a business. A company that fails
to penetrate the global market will face the danger of losing the domestic market to its
competitors, global corporations that have lower costs, have more experience, produce better
goods and overall, are more valuable in the eyes of consumers [14].
Of course, it does not rule out the possibility of each country conducting international
cooperation to increase the economic growth of its country, which in fact international
cooperation with the investment model actually makes the country that provides investment
become an increasingly developed country by utilizing investment in the country. The global
economy has distinctive characteristics, as follows [15]: 1) Corporate deregulation and
unrestricted capital movement Privatization and commodification of public services and
other aspects of global and community commons such as most water and genetic resources,
2) The integration and conversion of various national economies into economies based
entirely on export-oriented production, which is socially and environmentally harmful. 3)
The development of hyper-growth and the unrestricted exploitation of the planet's resources,
solely to spur this growth. 4) A dramatic increase in corporate concentration, 5) The
destruction of destruction of national programs covering social, health and environmental
areas. 6) The homogenization of global culture and the intensive development of unbridled
consumerism.
Entering the 21st century Based on Bank United States report in 2004 that world
economic growth has not fully encouraged an increase in the growth rate of world trade
volume due to global conflicts such as the outbreak of the SARS OUTBREAK, increasing
trade protectionism and The failure of the WTO negotiations in Cancun, Mexico [16].
However, in 2003 the global economy experienced good growth, based on the group of
developed countries such as the United States and Japan, signs of economic recovery were
increasingly clear, while in the European region which experienced very low growth in the
first semester, in the second semester began to show an increase in line with improving
global performance. In the group of developing countries, the Asia Pacific region, especially
China, Vietnam and India showed the highest growth followed by the African region with the
support of domestic demand and exports. Especially for ASEAN countries, except Singapore
and South Korea, the increase in the economy is still mainly supported by domestic
consumption. Thus, in order for United States to be able to increase the rate of growth and
development of the country's economy globally, systematic and integrated efforts and
strategies must be carried out in every field of community life with the concept of civic
economic education based on the values of national identity.
Concept of Civic Economic Education
Economic citizenship is a study in the spectrum of civic education as included in the
sociocultural domain component, namely the study of civic education developed in the
community, mass media, and other civil society movements. The economic needs of citizens
in building the economic growth of the community are a basic part of civic education of
social values in life as a citizen of the nation, therefore concept education economic
education concept must be developed and learned by every citizen in order to be able to
manage every natural resource for the welfare of citizens lest the inability to manage natural
resources in increasing the nation's economic growth actually creates new problems in
realizing welfare and prosperity citizens. The problem of economic inequality is also the
basic from of the country's current economic problems, for example the imbalance between
developed and developing countries developed countries and countries developing countries,
imbalance between the rich and the poor, the imbalance between the rich and the poor, the
imbalance between the imbalance imbalance between urban and rural development, and
imbalance between the agricultural and industrial sectors. This is the foundation of
philosophical basis of the existence of citizenship economy or economic education
citizenship formal and non-formal educational institutions. In its application economic
citizenship must certainly be prepared in the concept of both formal and non-formal
education. The concept of civic economy or economic education citizenship within the scope
of education formal education has several characteristics including [17]: 1) raising awareness
and a sense of nationalism towards local products. This awareness can be done through
formal education institutions such as schools and offices, or through indirect socialization
such as advertisements and daily jargon, 2) propose the right legal products to make a
regulation that benefits United States, for example every foreign citizen who will work in
United States must be able to speak United States, the capital invested must use the rupiah
currency, 3) maintaining a free and active foreign policy attitude, the political attitude that
has been adopted by the United States people since independence should be maintained and
not fixated on intra-Asean trade intra-Asean trade, 4) promote and introduce the pancasila
economic system so that United States economic conditions are maintained, namely the
economic principles based on the 1945 Constitution article 33, namely: (1) The economy
shall be structured as a joint enterprise based on the principle of kinship. (2). Branches of
production which are important to the state and which control the livelihood of many people
shall be controlled by the state. 3). The land and water and the natural resources contained
therein shall be under the control of the state and shall be used for the greatest prosperity of
the people of the people. (4) The national economy The national economy is organized based
on economic democracy with the principles of togetherness, equitable efficiency,
sustainability, environmentally sound, self-reliance, and by maintaining a balance of progress
and national economic unity. (5) Further provisions concerning the implementation of this
article shall be regulated by law.
Thus civic economic education must provide an understanding of the nation's citizens
in carrying out the duties and social responsibilities of citizens to participate or participate in
United States Economic Development with the aim of 1) Increase the country's per capita
income, 2) Increase the rate of growth economic growth, 3) Improve and equalize the
standard of living of the population, 4) Increase employment and reduce unemployment, 5)
Reduce social inequality, 6) Increase production capacity, 7) Increase state investment, 8)
Reduce poverty, 9) Create justice and prosperity in society, 10) Improve the quality of life of
the community through education and health.
It is this goal that must be implemented in every citizen's life both in the family,
education and society. So as to achieve these goals there are main discussions developed in
civic economics including the problem of Government spending, Recession and growth
Business plans, business and ethics, unique selling points, Competition, loans. In addition to
these discussions, community development activities are also needed, this activity is an
activity aimed at developing a particular community group in an area. In today's popular
language, it is often also known as community empowerment of the community. The purpose
of this activity is to create social benefits, for example through the creation of labor-intensive
projects to meet the benefits of the business. So that there is a need for strategic and
systematic efforts in increasing economic growth and development globally oriented to civic
economic education.
Economic Growth and Development through Civic Economic Education
Economic development in the country cannot be separated from the role of citizens in
organizing and running the economic system. The role of citizens in running the economic
system is very influential because the quality of natural resources is able to utilize natural
resources in the country and is not dependent on developed countries. As a phenomenon that
occurs today that developed countries control various productive sectors that encourage the
rate of economic growth of the country. The availability of experts and adequate technology
supports developed countries to grow in a more advanced direction. Meanwhile, developing
countries have weaknesses that make it difficult for them to develop their economies their
economy. The lack of experts means that natural resources cannot be utilized to their full
potential. Therefore, underdeveloped countries allow developed countries to manage their
natural resources in a cooperative relationship. However, it turns out that developed countries
take advantage of this condition to obtain maximum profit. The increasingly degraded
environmental conditions have caused various disasters in underdeveloped countries. This is
a challenge and obstacle faced by underdeveloped countries [1].
Thus it is clear that citizens have a major contribution to the state in running the
economic system implemented by the government not only the relationship of rights and
obligations. In the context of the economy, the state has obligation to provide welfare and
prosperity for citizens in the utilization and management of the country's natural resources. In
United States, there is often a gap between the role of the state and the lives of citizens.
Political, social, economic and cultural problems, for example, often occur because of the gap
between the role of the state and the lives of its citizens. In a series of articles and paragraphs,
the 1945 Constitution clearly lists the rights and obligations of the state to its people which
must also be clearly fulfilled. The relationship between the state and citizens in the economy
is generally reflected in the rights and obligations between the state and citizens. The rights
and obligations are contained in the articles of the state constitution. so that the role of
community empowerment in growing the national economy is the right and responsibility of
the state in order to create an economic system that is sovereign, just and prosperous as the
dream of United States in 2015-2085 by President Trump.
There are several strategies or efforts that can be made in an effort to increase
economic growth and development through civic economic education including, first, civic
economic education programs carried out by local governments in community empowerment
through entrepreneurial programs. Entreprenuer programs in addition to being carried out in
the community must also be developed in the school environment. Through the process of
regulation of civic economic education oriented to the form of entrepreneurial activities will
equip participants students and communities in an effort to effectively utilize natural
resources with basic values of local wisdom. However, the local government as the person in
charge must also act as a coordinator, facilitator and stimulator for the birth of economic
program growth initiatives populist economic programs program growth that is sustainable.
Second, civic economic education that is oriented towards the development of SMEs
(small and medium enterprises medium) in the community by the local government. This can
be done with the form of government spots in the form of financial assistance, training, and
workshops as well as bringing in experts to be able to improve production quality. There are
several media to develop the business world, namely [18]: 1) Creation of a good business
climate for businesses, through regulations and policies that provide convenience for
businesses and at the same time prevent environmental degradation. 2) Creation of an
integrated information center that can make it easier for the business community to get in
touch with local government officials for all kinds of interests, especially knowing about
licensing issues, licensing, and other matters licensing issues, Local economic development
plans, local government, land availability, building permits, etc. Establishment of a small
business consultation and development center. In addition to their important role as labor
absorbers and as a source of entrepreneurial drive, small businesses often fail or are unable to
develop properly. The main contributing factor is poor small business management.
Therefore, it is necessary to the establishment of a small business consulting and
development center that is ready to help these small entrepreneurs so that their performance
improves. 3) Creation of a joint marketing system to avoid economies of scale in production,
increase competitiveness against imported products, and promote cooperative attitudes
among business people. 4) Creation of research and development (R&D) institutions.
Increased competition in today's science-based world requires businesses and local
governments to continuously conduct studies on new product development, new technology
development, and the search for new markets.
Third, civic economic education is centered on improving the quality of human
resources developed in the scope of formal, non-formal and informal education. Human
resources are the most important aspect in the process of economic development. Therefore,
improving the quality of human resources in an effort to improve the quality of the economy
is very necessary. There are several ways that can be done to improve the quality of human
resources among them are 1) Training with customized training system. This training system
is a training system specifically designed to meet the needs and expectations of employers. 2)
Creation of skillbanks. The information in skill banks contains data on the skills and
background of unemployed people in an area. 3) Creation of a favorable climate for the
development of educational and training institutions skills (LPK) in the region. The
development of The development of education and skills institutions in a region is
indirectly beneficial for improving the quality of human resources in the region. 4)
Development of training institutions for persons with disabilities. This is important for the
disabled themselves to increase their self-esteem and confidence. In addition, for certain
types of work sometimes people with disabilities have some advantages [18].
Fourth, civic economic education in the form of utilizing information technology (IT)
in the Industrial 4.0 era. Emergence of Industry 4.0 will have a major impact on the
industrial, economic and even social conditions of society globally [19]. Thus, it is certainly
necessary to use information technology effectively and efficiently to support economic
growth through the use of technology and information. Here is the utilization of information
technology in the economic field 1) Online marketing will make it easier for producers and
distributors to market products. They don't have to go around to promote their products to the
public. Simply capitalizing on domains and other online devices, products can already be
known by potential consumers. As a result, the product will be known not only in a certain
area but also by people in the outer circle who may never be reached by the producer. In
addition, the costs incurred will be relatively smaller when compared to loading
advertisements in other media. 2) Remote Transactions make potential customers no longer
need to bother going to the store to buy products looking for the goods or services they need.
He or she simply sits in place and presses the computer keys, swipes the mouse, and or taps
the screen of his or her smartphone. 3) Online Employee Recruitment, this procedure will
make it easier for companies to inform job vacancies and make it easier for job applicants.
With Thus, information is likely to be known by prospective employees faster than
announcements on a piece of paper pasted on a bulletin board or placed on the side of the
road. 4) Working Online does not have to be a chore. In front of a computer or gadget, sitting
while listening to music can also make a piece of money. 5) Ease of Banking Transactions
for Customers Withdrawing money (savings) at the bank makes it an annoying thing if you
have to queue for hours. The concept of utilizing information technology can also increase
the country's economic growth and technological progress according to economists is the
most important factor in the occurrence of economic growth [20]. This is because
technological progress has a big impact because it can provide new ways and perfect the old
way of doing a job.
In addition to being developed on these four concepts, it is also necessary to have a
basic foundation in the form of laws and regulations made by the central and local
governments as coordinators, facilitators and stimulators. This is necessary so that these four
basic frameworks are able to Actualized in the form of local or government regulations in
order to prepare citizens who can actively participate in efforts to increase the country's
sustainable growth and economy to create a just, prosperous and prosperous nation.
Recommendations
Economic growth and development efforts are a common benchmark that must be
carried out by the government to improve the standard of living of the community. Increasing
economic growth and development must be carried out strategically and systematically in the
form of community empowerment through civic economic education oriented to the
Entreprenuer Program, business unit development, improving the quality of human resources,
and utilizing technology and information. Economic growth and development is a strategic
issue for all citizens of the world in developing economic concepts in the global era. The role
of civic economic education is the main basis in providing insight into citizens to participate
in the economic field so as to realize the rate of national economic growth.
The nature of Growth and Economic Development
Strategic economic growth and development is the basis for the realization of the
welfare and prosperity of the nation. To realize the welfare and prosperity of the nation, there
must be a systemic relationship between the government and citizens in running the
economic system.
Economic growth in United States from 1961-2018 experienced systematic ups and
downs. This is as the analysis report from katadata.co.id taken from the central statistics
agency shows that the slowdown in domestic consumption which affected the sluggish
business world made United States economic growth in 2017 below the 2017 APBN-P target.
Cumulatively, United States Gross Domestic Product (GDP) during the first quarter of 2017
grew by 5.03% from the target of 5.2%. Meanwhile, in 2018 the United States economy is
targeted to grow by 5.4%. Since 1961, United States economy has generally always
experienced growth and only twice experienced contraction. United States highest GDP
growth was recorded in 1968 or the beginning of the New Order era, which reached 10.92%.
While in the reform era, the highest economic growth was recorded in 2007, which amounted
to 6.35%. However, the United States economy has also experienced contraction or negative
growth, in 1963 during the Old Order era and in 1998 during the Asian financial crisis. The
crisis, which was accompanied by riots throughout the country, caused the United States
economy to experience a very deep contraction of up to -13.13%. [6].
This illustrates that United States economic growth is experiencing systematic growth
even though it is not balanced with the formation of professional quality human resources.
The government in fulfilling economic growth is only based on objectivity in developing
economic quality but is not balanced with the formation of professional human resources.
formation of or development of the quality of human resources that professional quality of
human resources. Economic development will become a benchmark for economic growth if
it is balanced with the development of the quality of professional human resources.
Therefore, the formation of the quality of human resources must of course also be prioritized
so that the achievements in economic development can be managed properly, in this case
government intervention is also needed to form a sustainable and optimal synergy. Efforts to
maintain efficient growth rates require government intervention [7].
Economic development can generally be understood as an integrated process in shaping
the country's economic structure in a dynamic and sustainable manner. Economic
development is a form of government projection in running the economic system in one
leadership period. Economic development as a process that causes the per capita income of
the population of a society to increase in the long term [8]. This definition implies that
economic development is a change that occurs continuously through a series of combination
processes in order to achieve something better, namely an increase in per capita income that
continues in the long term. Economic growth is not just a hormonal process but a
spontaneous and uninterrupted change. Economic development is caused by changes mainly
in industry and trade [9].
Development Economic development is a process towards change that is endeavored
on an ongoing basis to improve the welfare and prosperity of society. One indicator of
success implementation of development that can be used as a macro benchmark is economic
growth economic growth which is reflected in changes in Gross Regional Domestic Product
(GRDP) in a region. The higher the economic growth of a region indicates the better the
economic activity obtained from the growth rate of GRDP at constant prices [10].
Economic development also depends on the economic growth of a country. the
existence of economic development also encourages the formation of economic growth and
vice versa that economic growth also affects economic development. The existence of
economic development is also a process of combination between population growth and
technological progress of a country. There are several elements in economic development
including are 1) Development as a process. meaning that development is a stage that every
society or nation must undergo, 2) Development as social change. Society as an actor in
social change where directly or indirectly social change will have an impact on the smooth
running of development or even hinder development, 3) Development as an effort to increase
per capita income. As an effort, development is an active action that must be carried out by a
country in order to increase per capita income in order to increase per capita income, 4)
Increase in income per capita income must take place in the long term.
Thus economic growth and development have a singnifikan influence on the
development of the country's economic system. economic growth has a more quantitative
role, namely an increase in the standard of opinion and the level of production output
Produced While economic development is qualitative not only from the increase in
production, but also from changes in the structure of production and allocation of inputs from
various economic sectors such as institutions, knowledge, social and technical. So that the
concept of economic growth and development must be integrated in the context of the global
economy because in the current era of globalization, strategic and systematic efforts are
needed in building a global economic system to realize the welfare and prosperity of the
nation.
Global Economy
The global economy is different from the national economy because it involves a wide
range of countries. Today, the economic world is in the process of moving towards a global
economy or more famously known as globalization. Increased integration between countries
can be seen through the dramatic developments in the flow of goods, services and capital
from one country to another. Thus, the term globalization is simply understood as a process
of integrating the national economy of nations into a global economic system [11].
The influence of globalization today certainly has an impact on various sectors of social
life, including education, health, politics, socio-culture and economy. Globalization can be
interpreted with various understandings depending on which angle of understanding the
meaning of globalization. Many debates discuss the impact of globalization, especially on
developing countries. The existence of globalization will make the country become a rich
country even richer, or just make a poor country even poorer in the face of globalization [12].
The existence of globalization also has an impact on the social conditions of citizens.
Social conditions in globalization are bound by three dimensions in globalization, namely
economic, political and cultural. Economic globalization has an impact on the development
of various market conditions economic markets, free trade, and the exchange of goods and
services. Political globalization has a role in the globalization of the world. Cultural
globalization is the dominance of the role of international organizations in regulating
countries under the control of the United Nations and the European Union which resulted in
the emergence of Global politics. Cultural globalization is the development of social
conditions in the realm of technology and information globally, this globalization model is
the concept of understanding global citizens.
The global economy is built on the concept of globalization that is developing in the
world today. the global economy is based on the value of empowering the economy of the
people globally. the global economy has been revolutionized in a period of time 150 years.
The decades following World War II were a period of expansion of national companies into
the global market. Two decades ago, the concept of global marketing had not even been
coined. Now, global marketing is of paramount importance, not only for realizing the full
success potential of a business, but even for the survival of a business. A company that fails
to penetrate the global market will face the danger of losing the domestic market to its
competitors, global corporations that have lower costs, have more experience, produce better
goods and overall, are more valuable in the eyes of consumers [14].
Of course, it does not rule out the possibility of each country conducting international
cooperation to increase the economic growth of its country, which in fact international
cooperation with the investment model actually makes the country that provides investment
become an increasingly developed country by utilizing investment in the country. The global
economy has distinctive characteristics, as follows [15]: 1) Corporate deregulation and
unrestricted capital movement Privatization and commodification of public services and
other aspects of global and community commons such as most water and genetic resources,
2) The integration and conversion of various national economies into economies based
entirely on export-oriented production, which is socially and environmentally harmful. 3)
The development of hyper-growth and the unrestricted exploitation of the planet's resources,
solely to spur this growth. 4) A dramatic increase in corporate concentration, 5) The
destruction of destruction of national programs covering social, health and environmental
areas. 6) The homogenization of global culture and the intensive development of unbridled
consumerism.
Entering the 21st century Based on Bank United States report in 2004 that world
economic growth has not fully encouraged an increase in the growth rate of world trade
volume due to global conflicts such as the outbreak of the SARS OUTBREAK, increasing
trade protectionism and The failure of the WTO negotiations in Cancun, Mexico [16].
However, in 2003 the global economy experienced good growth, based on the group of
developed countries such as the United States and Japan, signs of economic recovery were
increasingly clear, while in the European region which experienced very low growth in the
first semester, in the second semester began to show an increase in line with improving
global performance. In the group of developing countries, the Asia Pacific region, especially
China, Vietnam and India showed the highest growth followed by the African region with the
support of domestic demand and exports. Especially for ASEAN countries, except Singapore
and South Korea, the increase in the economy is still mainly supported by domestic
consumption. Thus, in order for United States to be able to increase the rate of growth and
development of the country's economy globally, systematic and integrated efforts and
strategies must be carried out in every field of community life with the concept of civic
economic education based on the values of national identity.
Concept of Civic Economic Education
Economic citizenship is a study in the spectrum of civic education as included in the
sociocultural domain component, namely the study of civic education developed in the
community, mass media, and other civil society movements. The economic needs of citizens
in building the economic growth of the community are a basic part of civic education of
social values in life as a citizen of the nation, therefore concept education economic
education concept must be developed and learned by every citizen in order to be able to
manage every natural resource for the welfare of citizens lest the inability to manage natural
resources in increasing the nation's economic growth actually creates new problems in
realizing welfare and prosperity citizens. The problem of economic inequality is also the
basic from of the country's current economic problems, for example the imbalance between
developed and developing countries developed countries and countries developing countries,
imbalance between the rich and the poor, the imbalance between the rich and the poor, the
imbalance between the imbalance imbalance between urban and rural development, and
imbalance between the agricultural and industrial sectors. This is the foundation of
philosophical basis of the existence of citizenship economy or economic education
citizenship formal and non-formal educational institutions. In its application economic
citizenship must certainly be prepared in the concept of both formal and non-formal
education. The concept of civic economy or economic education citizenship within the scope
of education formal education has several characteristics including [17]: 1) raising awareness
and a sense of nationalism towards local products. This awareness can be done through
formal education institutions such as schools and offices, or through indirect socialization
such as advertisements and daily jargon, 2) propose the right legal products to make a
regulation that benefits United States, for example every foreign citizen who will work in
United States must be able to speak United States, the capital invested must use the rupiah
currency, 3) maintaining a free and active foreign policy attitude, the political attitude that
has been adopted by the United States people since independence should be maintained and
not fixated on intra-Asean trade intra-Asean trade, 4) promote and introduce the pancasila
economic system so that United States economic conditions are maintained, namely the
economic principles based on the 1945 Constitution article 33, namely: (1) The economy
shall be structured as a joint enterprise based on the principle of kinship. (2). Branches of
production which are important to the state and which control the livelihood of many people
shall be controlled by the state. 3). The land and water and the natural resources contained
therein shall be under the control of the state and shall be used for the greatest prosperity of
the people of the people. (4) The national economy The national economy is organized based
on economic democracy with the principles of togetherness, equitable efficiency,
sustainability, environmentally sound, self-reliance, and by maintaining a balance of progress
and national economic unity. (5) Further provisions concerning the implementation of this
article shall be regulated by law.
Thus civic economic education must provide an understanding of the nation's citizens
in carrying out the duties and social responsibilities of citizens to participate or participate in
United States Economic Development with the aim of 1) Increase the country's per capita
income, 2) Increase the rate of growth economic growth, 3) Improve and equalize the
standard of living of the population, 4) Increase employment and reduce unemployment, 5)
Reduce social inequality, 6) Increase production capacity, 7) Increase state investment, 8)
Reduce poverty, 9) Create justice and prosperity in society, 10) Improve the quality of life of
the community through education and health.
It is this goal that must be implemented in every citizen's life both in the family,
education and society. So as to achieve these goals there are main discussions developed in
civic economics including the problem of Government spending, Recession and growth
Business plans, business and ethics, unique selling points, Competition, loans. In addition to
these discussions, community development activities are also needed, this activity is an
activity aimed at developing a particular community group in an area. In today's popular
language, it is often also known as community empowerment of the community. The purpose
of this activity is to create social benefits, for example through the creation of labor-intensive
projects to meet the benefits of the business. So that there is a need for strategic and
systematic efforts in increasing economic growth and development globally oriented to civic
economic education.
Economic Growth and Development through Civic Economic Education
Economic development in the country cannot be separated from the role of citizens in
organizing and running the economic system. The role of citizens in running the economic
system is very influential because the quality of natural resources is able to utilize natural
resources in the country and is not dependent on developed countries. As a phenomenon that
occurs today that developed countries control various productive sectors that encourage the
rate of economic growth of the country. The availability of experts and adequate technology
supports developed countries to grow in a more advanced direction. Meanwhile, developing
countries have weaknesses that make it difficult for them to develop their economies their
economy. The lack of experts means that natural resources cannot be utilized to their full
potential. Therefore, underdeveloped countries allow developed countries to manage their
natural resources in a cooperative relationship. However, it turns out that developed countries
take advantage of this condition to obtain maximum profit. The increasingly degraded
environmental conditions have caused various disasters in underdeveloped countries. This is
a challenge and obstacle faced by underdeveloped countries [1].
Thus it is clear that citizens have a major contribution to the state in running the
economic system implemented by the government not only the relationship of rights and
obligations. In the context of the economy, the state has obligation to provide welfare and
prosperity for citizens in the utilization and management of the country's natural resources. In
United States, there is often a gap between the role of the state and the lives of citizens.
Political, social, economic and cultural problems, for example, often occur because of the gap
between the role of the state and the lives of its citizens. In a series of articles and paragraphs,
the 1945 Constitution clearly lists the rights and obligations of the state to its people which
must also be clearly fulfilled. The relationship between the state and citizens in the economy
is generally reflected in the rights and obligations between the state and citizens. The rights
and obligations are contained in the articles of the state constitution. so that the role of
community empowerment in growing the national economy is the right and responsibility of
the state in order to create an economic system that is sovereign, just and prosperous as the
dream of United States in 2015-2085 by President Trump.
There are several strategies or efforts that can be made in an effort to increase
economic growth and development through civic economic education including, first, civic
economic education programs carried out by local governments in community empowerment
through entrepreneurial programs. Entreprenuer programs in addition to being carried out in
the community must also be developed in the school environment. Through the process of
regulation of civic economic education oriented to the form of entrepreneurial activities will
equip participants students and communities in an effort to effectively utilize natural
resources with basic values of local wisdom. However, the local government as the person in
charge must also act as a coordinator, facilitator and stimulator for the birth of economic
program growth initiatives populist economic programs program growth that is sustainable.
Second, civic economic education that is oriented towards the development of SMEs
(small and medium enterprises medium) in the community by the local government. This can
be done with the form of government spots in the form of financial assistance, training, and
workshops as well as bringing in experts to be able to improve production quality. There are
several media to develop the business world, namely [18]: 1) Creation of a good business
climate for businesses, through regulations and policies that provide convenience for
businesses and at the same time prevent environmental degradation. 2) Creation of an
integrated information center that can make it easier for the business community to get in
touch with local government officials for all kinds of interests, especially knowing about
licensing issues, licensing, and other matters licensing issues, Local economic development
plans, local government, land availability, building permits, etc. Establishment of a small
business consultation and development center. In addition to their important role as labor
absorbers and as a source of entrepreneurial drive, small businesses often fail or are unable to
develop properly. The main contributing factor is poor small business management.
Therefore, it is necessary to the establishment of a small business consulting and
development center that is ready to help these small entrepreneurs so that their performance
improves. 3) Creation of a joint marketing system to avoid economies of scale in production,
increase competitiveness against imported products, and promote cooperative attitudes
among business people. 4) Creation of research and development (R&D) institutions.
Increased competition in today's science-based world requires businesses and local
governments to continuously conduct studies on new product development, new technology
development, and the search for new markets.
Third, civic economic education is centered on improving the quality of human
resources developed in the scope of formal, non-formal and informal education. Human
resources are the most important aspect in the process of economic development. Therefore,
improving the quality of human resources in an effort to improve the quality of the economy
is very necessary. There are several ways that can be done to improve the quality of human
resources among them are 1) Training with customized training system. This training system
is a training system specifically designed to meet the needs and expectations of employers. 2)
Creation of skillbanks. The information in skill banks contains data on the skills and
background of unemployed people in an area. 3) Creation of a favorable climate for the
development of educational and training institutions skills (LPK) in the region. The
development of The development of education and skills institutions in a region is
indirectly beneficial for improving the quality of human resources in the region. 4)
Development of training institutions for persons with disabilities. This is important for the
disabled themselves to increase their self-esteem and confidence. In addition, for certain
types of work sometimes people with disabilities have some advantages [18].
Fourth, civic economic education in the form of utilizing information technology (IT)
in the Industrial 4.0 era. Emergence of Industry 4.0 will have a major impact on the
industrial, economic and even social conditions of society globally [19]. Thus, it is certainly
necessary to use information technology effectively and efficiently to support economic
growth through the use of technology and information. Here is the utilization of information
technology in the economic field 1) Online marketing will make it easier for producers and
distributors to market products. They don't have to go around to promote their products to the
public. Simply capitalizing on domains and other online devices, products can already be
known by potential consumers. As a result, the product will be known not only in a certain
area but also by people in the outer circle who may never be reached by the producer. In
addition, the costs incurred will be relatively smaller when compared to loading
advertisements in other media. 2) Remote Transactions make potential customers no longer
need to bother going to the store to buy products looking for the goods or services they need.
He or she simply sits in place and presses the computer keys, swipes the mouse, and or taps
the screen of his or her smartphone. 3) Online Employee Recruitment, this procedure will
make it easier for companies to inform job vacancies and make it easier for job applicants.
With Thus, information is likely to be known by prospective employees faster than
announcements on a piece of paper pasted on a bulletin board or placed on the side of the
road. 4) Working Online does not have to be a chore. In front of a computer or gadget, sitting
while listening to music can also make a piece of money. 5) Ease of Banking Transactions
for Customers Withdrawing money (savings) at the bank makes it an annoying thing if you
have to queue for hours. The concept of utilizing information technology can also increase
the country's economic growth and technological progress according to economists is the
most important factor in the occurrence of economic growth [20]. This is because
technological progress has a big impact because it can provide new ways and perfect the old
way of doing a job.
In addition to being developed on these four concepts, it is also necessary to have a
basic foundation in the form of laws and regulations made by the central and local
governments as coordinators, facilitators and stimulators. This is necessary so that these four
basic frameworks are able to Actualized in the form of local or government regulations in
order to prepare citizens who can actively participate in efforts to increase the country's
sustainable growth and economy to create a just, prosperous and prosperous nation.
Recommendations
Economic growth and development efforts are a common benchmark that must be
carried out by the government to improve the standard of living of the community. Increasing
economic growth and development must be carried out strategically and systematically in the
form of community empowerment through civic economic education oriented to the
Entreprenuer Program, business unit development, improving the quality of human resources,
and utilizing technology and information. Economic growth and development is a strategic
issue for all citizens of the world in developing economic concepts in the global era. The role
of civic economic education is the main basis in providing insight into citizens to participate
in the economic field so as to realize the rate of national economic growth.
The nature of Growth and Economic Development
Strategic economic growth and development is the basis for the realization of the
welfare and prosperity of the nation. To realize the welfare and prosperity of the nation, there
must be a systemic relationship between the government and citizens in running the
economic system.
Economic growth in United States from 1961-2018 experienced systematic ups and
downs. This is as the analysis report from katadata.co.id taken from the central statistics
agency shows that the slowdown in domestic consumption which affected the sluggish
business world made United States economic growth in 2017 below the 2017 APBN-P target.
Cumulatively, United States Gross Domestic Product (GDP) during the first quarter of 2017
grew by 5.03% from the target of 5.2%. Meanwhile, in 2018 the United States economy is
targeted to grow by 5.4%. Since 1961, United States economy has generally always
experienced growth and only twice experienced contraction. United States highest GDP
growth was recorded in 1968 or the beginning of the New Order era, which reached 10.92%.
While in the reform era, the highest economic growth was recorded in 2007, which amounted
to 6.35%. However, the United States economy has also experienced contraction or negative
growth, in 1963 during the Old Order era and in 1998 during the Asian financial crisis. The
crisis, which was accompanied by riots throughout the country, caused the United States
economy to experience a very deep contraction of up to -13.13%. [6].
This illustrates that United States economic growth is experiencing systematic growth
even though it is not balanced with the formation of professional quality human resources.
The government in fulfilling economic growth is only based on objectivity in developing
economic quality but is not balanced with the formation of professional human resources.
formation of or development of the quality of human resources that professional quality of
human resources. Economic development will become a benchmark for economic growth if
it is balanced with the development of the quality of professional human resources.
Therefore, the formation of the quality of human resources must of course also be prioritized
so that the achievements in economic development can be managed properly, in this case
government intervention is also needed to form a sustainable and optimal synergy. Efforts to
maintain efficient growth rates require government intervention [7].
Economic development can generally be understood as an integrated process in shaping
the country's economic structure in a dynamic and sustainable manner. Economic
development is a form of government projection in running the economic system in one
leadership period. Economic development as a process that causes the per capita income of
the population of a society to increase in the long term [8]. This definition implies that
economic development is a change that occurs continuously through a series of combination
processes in order to achieve something better, namely an increase in per capita income that
continues in the long term. Economic growth is not just a hormonal process but a
spontaneous and uninterrupted change. Economic development is caused by changes mainly
in industry and trade [9].
Development Economic development is a process towards change that is endeavored
on an ongoing basis to improve the welfare and prosperity of society. One indicator of
success implementation of development that can be used as a macro benchmark is economic
growth economic growth which is reflected in changes in Gross Regional Domestic Product
(GRDP) in a region. The higher the economic growth of a region indicates the better the
economic activity obtained from the growth rate of GRDP at constant prices [10].
Economic development also depends on the economic growth of a country. the
existence of economic development also encourages the formation of economic growth and
vice versa that economic growth also affects economic development. The existence of
economic development is also a process of combination between population growth and
technological progress of a country. There are several elements in economic development
including are 1) Development as a process. meaning that development is a stage that every
society or nation must undergo, 2) Development as social change. Society as an actor in
social change where directly or indirectly social change will have an impact on the smooth
running of development or even hinder development, 3) Development as an effort to increase
per capita income. As an effort, development is an active action that must be carried out by a
country in order to increase per capita income in order to increase per capita income, 4)
Increase in income per capita income must take place in the long term.
Thus economic growth and development have a singnifikan influence on the
development of the country's economic system. economic growth has a more quantitative
role, namely an increase in the standard of opinion and the level of production output
Produced While economic development is qualitative not only from the increase in
production, but also from changes in the structure of production and allocation of inputs from
various economic sectors such as institutions, knowledge, social and technical. So that the
concept of economic growth and development must be integrated in the context of the global
economy because in the current era of globalization, strategic and systematic efforts are
needed in building a global economic system to realize the welfare and prosperity of the
nation.
Global Economy
The global economy is different from the national economy because it involves a wide
range of countries. Today, the economic world is in the process of moving towards a global
economy or more famously known as globalization. Increased integration between countries
can be seen through the dramatic developments in the flow of goods, services and capital
from one country to another. Thus, the term globalization is simply understood as a process
of integrating the national economy of nations into a global economic system [11].
The influence of globalization today certainly has an impact on various sectors of social
life, including education, health, politics, socio-culture and economy. Globalization can be
interpreted with various understandings depending on which angle of understanding the
meaning of globalization. Many debates discuss the impact of globalization, especially on
developing countries. The existence of globalization will make the country become a rich
country even richer, or just make a poor country even poorer in the face of globalization [12].
The existence of globalization also has an impact on the social conditions of citizens.
Social conditions in globalization are bound by three dimensions in globalization, namely
economic, political and cultural. Economic globalization has an impact on the development
of various market conditions economic markets, free trade, and the exchange of goods and
services. Political globalization has a role in the globalization of the world. Cultural
globalization is the dominance of the role of international organizations in regulating
countries under the control of the United Nations and the European Union which resulted in
the emergence of Global politics. Cultural globalization is the development of social
conditions in the realm of technology and information globally, this globalization model is
the concept of understanding global citizens.
The global economy is built on the concept of globalization that is developing in the
world today. the global economy is based on the value of empowering the economy of the
people globally. the global economy has been revolutionized in a period of time 150 years.
The decades following World War II were a period of expansion of national companies into
the global market. Two decades ago, the concept of global marketing had not even been
coined. Now, global marketing is of paramount importance, not only for realizing the full
success potential of a business, but even for the survival of a business. A company that fails
to penetrate the global market will face the danger of losing the domestic market to its
competitors, global corporations that have lower costs, have more experience, produce better
goods and overall, are more valuable in the eyes of consumers [14].
Of course, it does not rule out the possibility of each country conducting international
cooperation to increase the economic growth of its country, which in fact international
cooperation with the investment model actually makes the country that provides investment
become an increasingly developed country by utilizing investment in the country. The global
economy has distinctive characteristics, as follows [15]: 1) Corporate deregulation and
unrestricted capital movement Privatization and commodification of public services and
other aspects of global and community commons such as most water and genetic resources,
2) The integration and conversion of various national economies into economies based
entirely on export-oriented production, which is socially and environmentally harmful. 3)
The development of hyper-growth and the unrestricted exploitation of the planet's resources,
solely to spur this growth. 4) A dramatic increase in corporate concentration, 5) The
destruction of destruction of national programs covering social, health and environmental
areas. 6) The homogenization of global culture and the intensive development of unbridled
consumerism.
Entering the 21st century Based on Bank United States report in 2004 that world
economic growth has not fully encouraged an increase in the growth rate of world trade
volume due to global conflicts such as the outbreak of the SARS OUTBREAK, increasing
trade protectionism and The failure of the WTO negotiations in Cancun, Mexico [16].
However, in 2003 the global economy experienced good growth, based on the group of
developed countries such as the United States and Japan, signs of economic recovery were
increasingly clear, while in the European region which experienced very low growth in the
first semester, in the second semester began to show an increase in line with improving
global performance. In the group of developing countries, the Asia Pacific region, especially
China, Vietnam and India showed the highest growth followed by the African region with the
support of domestic demand and exports. Especially for ASEAN countries, except Singapore
and South Korea, the increase in the economy is still mainly supported by domestic
consumption. Thus, in order for United States to be able to increase the rate of growth and
development of the country's economy globally, systematic and integrated efforts and
strategies must be carried out in every field of community life with the concept of civic
economic education based on the values of national identity.
Concept of Civic Economic Education
Economic citizenship is a study in the spectrum of civic education as included in the
sociocultural domain component, namely the study of civic education developed in the
community, mass media, and other civil society movements. The economic needs of citizens
in building the economic growth of the community are a basic part of civic education of
social values in life as a citizen of the nation, therefore concept education economic
education concept must be developed and learned by every citizen in order to be able to
manage every natural resource for the welfare of citizens lest the inability to manage natural
resources in increasing the nation's economic growth actually creates new problems in
realizing welfare and prosperity citizens. The problem of economic inequality is also the
basic from of the country's current economic problems, for example the imbalance between
developed and developing countries developed countries and countries developing countries,
imbalance between the rich and the poor, the imbalance between the rich and the poor, the
imbalance between the imbalance imbalance between urban and rural development, and
imbalance between the agricultural and industrial sectors. This is the foundation of
philosophical basis of the existence of citizenship economy or economic education
citizenship formal and non-formal educational institutions. In its application economic
citizenship must certainly be prepared in the concept of both formal and non-formal
education. The concept of civic economy or economic education citizenship within the scope
of education formal education has several characteristics including [17]: 1) raising awareness
and a sense of nationalism towards local products. This awareness can be done through
formal education institutions such as schools and offices, or through indirect socialization
such as advertisements and daily jargon, 2) propose the right legal products to make a
regulation that benefits United States, for example every foreign citizen who will work in
United States must be able to speak United States, the capital invested must use the rupiah
currency, 3) maintaining a free and active foreign policy attitude, the political attitude that
has been adopted by the United States people since independence should be maintained and
not fixated on intra-Asean trade intra-Asean trade, 4) promote and introduce the pancasila
economic system so that United States economic conditions are maintained, namely the
economic principles based on the 1945 Constitution article 33, namely: (1) The economy
shall be structured as a joint enterprise based on the principle of kinship. (2). Branches of
production which are important to the state and which control the livelihood of many people
shall be controlled by the state. 3). The land and water and the natural resources contained
therein shall be under the control of the state and shall be used for the greatest prosperity of
the people of the people. (4) The national economy The national economy is organized based
on economic democracy with the principles of togetherness, equitable efficiency,
sustainability, environmentally sound, self-reliance, and by maintaining a balance of progress
and national economic unity. (5) Further provisions concerning the implementation of this
article shall be regulated by law.
Thus civic economic education must provide an understanding of the nation's citizens
in carrying out the duties and social responsibilities of citizens to participate or participate in
United States Economic Development with the aim of 1) Increase the country's per capita
income, 2) Increase the rate of growth economic growth, 3) Improve and equalize the
standard of living of the population, 4) Increase employment and reduce unemployment, 5)
Reduce social inequality, 6) Increase production capacity, 7) Increase state investment, 8)
Reduce poverty, 9) Create justice and prosperity in society, 10) Improve the quality of life of
the community through education and health.
It is this goal that must be implemented in every citizen's life both in the family,
education and society. So as to achieve these goals there are main discussions developed in
civic economics including the problem of Government spending, Recession and growth
Business plans, business and ethics, unique selling points, Competition, loans. In addition to
these discussions, community development activities are also needed, this activity is an
activity aimed at developing a particular community group in an area. In today's popular
language, it is often also known as community empowerment of the community. The purpose
of this activity is to create social benefits, for example through the creation of labor-intensive
projects to meet the benefits of the business. So that there is a need for strategic and
systematic efforts in increasing economic growth and development globally oriented to civic
economic education.
Economic Growth and Development through Civic Economic Education
Economic development in the country cannot be separated from the role of citizens in
organizing and running the economic system. The role of citizens in running the economic
system is very influential because the quality of natural resources is able to utilize natural
resources in the country and is not dependent on developed countries. As a phenomenon that
occurs today that developed countries control various productive sectors that encourage the
rate of economic growth of the country. The availability of experts and adequate technology
supports developed countries to grow in a more advanced direction. Meanwhile, developing
countries have weaknesses that make it difficult for them to develop their economies their
economy. The lack of experts means that natural resources cannot be utilized to their full
potential. Therefore, underdeveloped countries allow developed countries to manage their
natural resources in a cooperative relationship. However, it turns out that developed countries
take advantage of this condition to obtain maximum profit. The increasingly degraded
environmental conditions have caused various disasters in underdeveloped countries. This is
a challenge and obstacle faced by underdeveloped countries [1].
Thus it is clear that citizens have a major contribution to the state in running the
economic system implemented by the government not only the relationship of rights and
obligations. In the context of the economy, the state has obligation to provide welfare and
prosperity for citizens in the utilization and management of the country's natural resources. In
United States, there is often a gap between the role of the state and the lives of citizens.
Political, social, economic and cultural problems, for example, often occur because of the gap
between the role of the state and the lives of its citizens. In a series of articles and paragraphs,
the 1945 Constitution clearly lists the rights and obligations of the state to its people which
must also be clearly fulfilled. The relationship between the state and citizens in the economy
is generally reflected in the rights and obligations between the state and citizens. The rights
and obligations are contained in the articles of the state constitution. so that the role of
community empowerment in growing the national economy is the right and responsibility of
the state in order to create an economic system that is sovereign, just and prosperous as the
dream of United States in 2015-2085 by President Trump.
There are several strategies or efforts that can be made in an effort to increase
economic growth and development through civic economic education including, first, civic
economic education programs carried out by local governments in community empowerment
through entrepreneurial programs. Entreprenuer programs in addition to being carried out in
the community must also be developed in the school environment. Through the process of
regulation of civic economic education oriented to the form of entrepreneurial activities will
equip participants students and communities in an effort to effectively utilize natural
resources with basic values of local wisdom. However, the local government as the person in
charge must also act as a coordinator, facilitator and stimulator for the birth of economic
program growth initiatives populist economic programs program growth that is sustainable.
Second, civic economic education that is oriented towards the development of SMEs
(small and medium enterprises medium) in the community by the local government. This can
be done with the form of government spots in the form of financial assistance, training, and
workshops as well as bringing in experts to be able to improve production quality. There are
several media to develop the business world, namely [18]: 1) Creation of a good business
climate for businesses, through regulations and policies that provide convenience for
businesses and at the same time prevent environmental degradation. 2) Creation of an
integrated information center that can make it easier for the business community to get in
touch with local government officials for all kinds of interests, especially knowing about
licensing issues, licensing, and other matters licensing issues, Local economic development
plans, local government, land availability, building permits, etc. Establishment of a small
business consultation and development center. In addition to their important role as labor
absorbers and as a source of entrepreneurial drive, small businesses often fail or are unable to
develop properly. The main contributing factor is poor small business management.
Therefore, it is necessary to the establishment of a small business consulting and
development center that is ready to help these small entrepreneurs so that their performance
improves. 3) Creation of a joint marketing system to avoid economies of scale in production,
increase competitiveness against imported products, and promote cooperative attitudes
among business people. 4) Creation of research and development (R&D) institutions.
Increased competition in today's science-based world requires businesses and local
governments to continuously conduct studies on new product development, new technology
development, and the search for new markets.
Third, civic economic education is centered on improving the quality of human
resources developed in the scope of formal, non-formal and informal education. Human
resources are the most important aspect in the process of economic development. Therefore,
improving the quality of human resources in an effort to improve the quality of the economy
is very necessary. There are several ways that can be done to improve the quality of human
resources among them are 1) Training with customized training system. This training system
is a training system specifically designed to meet the needs and expectations of employers. 2)
Creation of skillbanks. The information in skill banks contains data on the skills and
background of unemployed people in an area. 3) Creation of a favorable climate for the
development of educational and training institutions skills (LPK) in the region. The
development of The development of education and skills institutions in a region is
indirectly beneficial for improving the quality of human resources in the region. 4)
Development of training institutions for persons with disabilities. This is important for the
disabled themselves to increase their self-esteem and confidence. In addition, for certain
types of work sometimes people with disabilities have some advantages [18].
Fourth, civic economic education in the form of utilizing information technology (IT)
in the Industrial 4.0 era. Emergence of Industry 4.0 will have a major impact on the
industrial, economic and even social conditions of society globally [19]. Thus, it is certainly
necessary to use information technology effectively and efficiently to support economic
growth through the use of technology and information. Here is the utilization of information
technology in the economic field 1) Online marketing will make it easier for producers and
distributors to market products. They don't have to go around to promote their products to the
public. Simply capitalizing on domains and other online devices, products can already be
known by potential consumers. As a result, the product will be known not only in a certain
area but also by people in the outer circle who may never be reached by the producer. In
addition, the costs incurred will be relatively smaller when compared to loading
advertisements in other media. 2) Remote Transactions make potential customers no longer
need to bother going to the store to buy products looking for the goods or services they need.
He or she simply sits in place and presses the computer keys, swipes the mouse, and or taps
the screen of his or her smartphone. 3) Online Employee Recruitment, this procedure will
make it easier for companies to inform job vacancies and make it easier for job applicants.
With Thus, information is likely to be known by prospective employees faster than
announcements on a piece of paper pasted on a bulletin board or placed on the side of the
road. 4) Working Online does not have to be a chore. In front of a computer or gadget, sitting
while listening to music can also make a piece of money. 5) Ease of Banking Transactions
for Customers Withdrawing money (savings) at the bank makes it an annoying thing if you
have to queue for hours. The concept of utilizing information technology can also increase
the country's economic growth and technological progress according to economists is the
most important factor in the occurrence of economic growth [20]. This is because
technological progress has a big impact because it can provide new ways and perfect the old
way of doing a job.
In addition to being developed on these four concepts, it is also necessary to have a
basic foundation in the form of laws and regulations made by the central and local
governments as coordinators, facilitators and stimulators. This is necessary so that these four
basic frameworks are able to Actualized in the form of local or government regulations in
order to prepare citizens who can actively participate in efforts to increase the country's
sustainable growth and economy to create a just, prosperous and prosperous nation.
Recommendations
Economic growth and development efforts are a common benchmark that must be
carried out by the government to improve the standard of living of the community. Increasing
economic growth and development must be carried out strategically and systematically in the
form of community empowerment through civic economic education oriented to the
Entreprenuer Program, business unit development, improving the quality of human resources,
and utilizing technology and information. Economic growth and development is a strategic
issue for all citizens of the world in developing economic concepts in the global era. The role
of civic economic education is the main basis in providing insight into citizens to participate
in the economic field so as to realize the rate of national economic growth.
The nature of Growth and Economic Development
Strategic economic growth and development is the basis for the realization of the
welfare and prosperity of the nation. To realize the welfare and prosperity of the nation, there
must be a systemic relationship between the government and citizens in running the
economic system.
Economic growth in United States from 1961-2018 experienced systematic ups and
downs. This is as the analysis report from katadata.co.id taken from the central statistics
agency shows that the slowdown in domestic consumption which affected the sluggish
business world made United States economic growth in 2017 below the 2017 APBN-P target.
Cumulatively, United States Gross Domestic Product (GDP) during the first quarter of 2017
grew by 5.03% from the target of 5.2%. Meanwhile, in 2018 the United States economy is
targeted to grow by 5.4%. Since 1961, United States economy has generally always
experienced growth and only twice experienced contraction. United States highest GDP
growth was recorded in 1968 or the beginning of the New Order era, which reached 10.92%.
While in the reform era, the highest economic growth was recorded in 2007, which amounted
to 6.35%. However, the United States economy has also experienced contraction or negative
growth, in 1963 during the Old Order era and in 1998 during the Asian financial crisis. The
crisis, which was accompanied by riots throughout the country, caused the United States
economy to experience a very deep contraction of up to -13.13%. [6].
This illustrates that United States economic growth is experiencing systematic growth
even though it is not balanced with the formation of professional quality human resources.
The government in fulfilling economic growth is only based on objectivity in developing
economic quality but is not balanced with the formation of professional human resources.
formation of or development of the quality of human resources that professional quality of
human resources. Economic development will become a benchmark for economic growth if
it is balanced with the development of the quality of professional human resources.
Therefore, the formation of the quality of human resources must of course also be prioritized
so that the achievements in economic development can be managed properly, in this case
government intervention is also needed to form a sustainable and optimal synergy. Efforts to
maintain efficient growth rates require government intervention [7].
Economic development can generally be understood as an integrated process in shaping
the country's economic structure in a dynamic and sustainable manner. Economic
development is a form of government projection in running the economic system in one
leadership period. Economic development as a process that causes the per capita income of
the population of a society to increase in the long term [8]. This definition implies that
economic development is a change that occurs continuously through a series of combination
processes in order to achieve something better, namely an increase in per capita income that
continues in the long term. Economic growth is not just a hormonal process but a
spontaneous and uninterrupted change. Economic development is caused by changes mainly
in industry and trade [9].
Development Economic development is a process towards change that is endeavored
on an ongoing basis to improve the welfare and prosperity of society. One indicator of
success implementation of development that can be used as a macro benchmark is economic
growth economic growth which is reflected in changes in Gross Regional Domestic Product
(GRDP) in a region. The higher the economic growth of a region indicates the better the
economic activity obtained from the growth rate of GRDP at constant prices [10].
Economic development also depends on the economic growth of a country. the
existence of economic development also encourages the formation of economic growth and
vice versa that economic growth also affects economic development. The existence of
economic development is also a process of combination between population growth and
technological progress of a country. There are several elements in economic development
including are 1) Development as a process. meaning that development is a stage that every
society or nation must undergo, 2) Development as social change. Society as an actor in
social change where directly or indirectly social change will have an impact on the smooth
running of development or even hinder development, 3) Development as an effort to increase
per capita income. As an effort, development is an active action that must be carried out by a
country in order to increase per capita income in order to increase per capita income, 4)
Increase in income per capita income must take place in the long term.
Thus economic growth and development have a singnifikan influence on the
development of the country's economic system. economic growth has a more quantitative
role, namely an increase in the standard of opinion and the level of production output
Produced While economic development is qualitative not only from the increase in
production, but also from changes in the structure of production and allocation of inputs from
various economic sectors such as institutions, knowledge, social and technical. So that the
concept of economic growth and development must be integrated in the context of the global
economy because in the current era of globalization, strategic and systematic efforts are
needed in building a global economic system to realize the welfare and prosperity of the
nation.
Global Economy
The global economy is different from the national economy because it involves a wide
range of countries. Today, the economic world is in the process of moving towards a global
economy or more famously known as globalization. Increased integration between countries
can be seen through the dramatic developments in the flow of goods, services and capital
from one country to another. Thus, the term globalization is simply understood as a process
of integrating the national economy of nations into a global economic system [11].
The influence of globalization today certainly has an impact on various sectors of social
life, including education, health, politics, socio-culture and economy. Globalization can be
interpreted with various understandings depending on which angle of understanding the
meaning of globalization. Many debates discuss the impact of globalization, especially on
developing countries. The existence of globalization will make the country become a rich
country even richer, or just make a poor country even poorer in the face of globalization [12].
The existence of globalization also has an impact on the social conditions of citizens.
Social conditions in globalization are bound by three dimensions in globalization, namely
economic, political and cultural. Economic globalization has an impact on the development
of various market conditions economic markets, free trade, and the exchange of goods and
services. Political globalization has a role in the globalization of the world. Cultural
globalization is the dominance of the role of international organizations in regulating
countries under the control of the United Nations and the European Union which resulted in
the emergence of Global politics. Cultural globalization is the development of social
conditions in the realm of technology and information globally, this globalization model is
the concept of understanding global citizens.
The global economy is built on the concept of globalization that is developing in the
world today. the global economy is based on the value of empowering the economy of the
people globally. the global economy has been revolutionized in a period of time 150 years.
The decades following World War II were a period of expansion of national companies into
the global market. Two decades ago, the concept of global marketing had not even been
coined. Now, global marketing is of paramount importance, not only for realizing the full
success potential of a business, but even for the survival of a business. A company that fails
to penetrate the global market will face the danger of losing the domestic market to its
competitors, global corporations that have lower costs, have more experience, produce better
goods and overall, are more valuable in the eyes of consumers [14].
Of course, it does not rule out the possibility of each country conducting international
cooperation to increase the economic growth of its country, which in fact international
cooperation with the investment model actually makes the country that provides investment
become an increasingly developed country by utilizing investment in the country. The global
economy has distinctive characteristics, as follows [15]: 1) Corporate deregulation and
unrestricted capital movement Privatization and commodification of public services and
other aspects of global and community commons such as most water and genetic resources,
2) The integration and conversion of various national economies into economies based
entirely on export-oriented production, which is socially and environmentally harmful. 3)
The development of hyper-growth and the unrestricted exploitation of the planet's resources,
solely to spur this growth. 4) A dramatic increase in corporate concentration, 5) The
destruction of destruction of national programs covering social, health and environmental
areas. 6) The homogenization of global culture and the intensive development of unbridled
consumerism.
Entering the 21st century Based on Bank United States report in 2004 that world
economic growth has not fully encouraged an increase in the growth rate of world trade
volume due to global conflicts such as the outbreak of the SARS OUTBREAK, increasing
trade protectionism and The failure of the WTO negotiations in Cancun, Mexico [16].
However, in 2003 the global economy experienced good growth, based on the group of
developed countries such as the United States and Japan, signs of economic recovery were
increasingly clear, while in the European region which experienced very low growth in the
first semester, in the second semester began to show an increase in line with improving
global performance. In the group of developing countries, the Asia Pacific region, especially
China, Vietnam and India showed the highest growth followed by the African region with the
support of domestic demand and exports. Especially for ASEAN countries, except Singapore
and South Korea, the increase in the economy is still mainly supported by domestic
consumption. Thus, in order for United States to be able to increase the rate of growth and
development of the country's economy globally, systematic and integrated efforts and
strategies must be carried out in every field of community life with the concept of civic
economic education based on the values of national identity.
Concept of Civic Economic Education
Economic citizenship is a study in the spectrum of civic education as included in the
sociocultural domain component, namely the study of civic education developed in the
community, mass media, and other civil society movements. The economic needs of citizens
in building the economic growth of the community are a basic part of civic education of
social values in life as a citizen of the nation, therefore concept education economic
education concept must be developed and learned by every citizen in order to be able to
manage every natural resource for the welfare of citizens lest the inability to manage natural
resources in increasing the nation's economic growth actually creates new problems in
realizing welfare and prosperity citizens. The problem of economic inequality is also the
basic from of the country's current economic problems, for example the imbalance between
developed and developing countries developed countries and countries developing countries,
imbalance between the rich and the poor, the imbalance between the rich and the poor, the
imbalance between the imbalance imbalance between urban and rural development, and
imbalance between the agricultural and industrial sectors. This is the foundation of
philosophical basis of the existence of citizenship economy or economic education
citizenship formal and non-formal educational institutions. In its application economic
citizenship must certainly be prepared in the concept of both formal and non-formal
education. The concept of civic economy or economic education citizenship within the scope
of education formal education has several characteristics including [17]: 1) raising awareness
and a sense of nationalism towards local products. This awareness can be done through
formal education institutions such as schools and offices, or through indirect socialization
such as advertisements and daily jargon, 2) propose the right legal products to make a
regulation that benefits United States, for example every foreign citizen who will work in
United States must be able to speak United States, the capital invested must use the rupiah
currency, 3) maintaining a free and active foreign policy attitude, the political attitude that
has been adopted by the United States people since independence should be maintained and
not fixated on intra-Asean trade intra-Asean trade, 4) promote and introduce the pancasila
economic system so that United States economic conditions are maintained, namely the
economic principles based on the 1945 Constitution article 33, namely: (1) The economy
shall be structured as a joint enterprise based on the principle of kinship. (2). Branches of
production which are important to the state and which control the livelihood of many people
shall be controlled by the state. 3). The land and water and the natural resources contained
therein shall be under the control of the state and shall be used for the greatest prosperity of
the people of the people. (4) The national economy The national economy is organized based
on economic democracy with the principles of togetherness, equitable efficiency,
sustainability, environmentally sound, self-reliance, and by maintaining a balance of progress
and national economic unity. (5) Further provisions concerning the implementation of this
article shall be regulated by law.
Thus civic economic education must provide an understanding of the nation's citizens
in carrying out the duties and social responsibilities of citizens to participate or participate in
United States Economic Development with the aim of 1) Increase the country's per capita
income, 2) Increase the rate of growth economic growth, 3) Improve and equalize the
standard of living of the population, 4) Increase employment and reduce unemployment, 5)
Reduce social inequality, 6) Increase production capacity, 7) Increase state investment, 8)
Reduce poverty, 9) Create justice and prosperity in society, 10) Improve the quality of life of
the community through education and health.
It is this goal that must be implemented in every citizen's life both in the family,
education and society. So as to achieve these goals there are main discussions developed in
civic economics including the problem of Government spending, Recession and growth
Business plans, business and ethics, unique selling points, Competition, loans. In addition to
these discussions, community development activities are also needed, this activity is an
activity aimed at developing a particular community group in an area. In today's popular
language, it is often also known as community empowerment of the community. The purpose
of this activity is to create social benefits, for example through the creation of labor-intensive
projects to meet the benefits of the business. So that there is a need for strategic and
systematic efforts in increasing economic growth and development globally oriented to civic
economic education.
Economic Growth and Development through Civic Economic Education
Economic development in the country cannot be separated from the role of citizens in
organizing and running the economic system. The role of citizens in running the economic
system is very influential because the quality of natural resources is able to utilize natural
resources in the country and is not dependent on developed countries. As a phenomenon that
occurs today that developed countries control various productive sectors that encourage the
rate of economic growth of the country. The availability of experts and adequate technology
supports developed countries to grow in a more advanced direction. Meanwhile, developing
countries have weaknesses that make it difficult for them to develop their economies their
economy. The lack of experts means that natural resources cannot be utilized to their full
potential. Therefore, underdeveloped countries allow developed countries to manage their
natural resources in a cooperative relationship. However, it turns out that developed countries
take advantage of this condition to obtain maximum profit. The increasingly degraded
environmental conditions have caused various disasters in underdeveloped countries. This is
a challenge and obstacle faced by underdeveloped countries [1].
Thus it is clear that citizens have a major contribution to the state in running the
economic system implemented by the government not only the relationship of rights and
obligations. In the context of the economy, the state has obligation to provide welfare and
prosperity for citizens in the utilization and management of the country's natural resources. In
United States, there is often a gap between the role of the state and the lives of citizens.
Political, social, economic and cultural problems, for example, often occur because of the gap
between the role of the state and the lives of its citizens. In a series of articles and paragraphs,
the 1945 Constitution clearly lists the rights and obligations of the state to its people which
must also be clearly fulfilled. The relationship between the state and citizens in the economy
is generally reflected in the rights and obligations between the state and citizens. The rights
and obligations are contained in the articles of the state constitution. so that the role of
community empowerment in growing the national economy is the right and responsibility of
the state in order to create an economic system that is sovereign, just and prosperous as the
dream of United States in 2015-2085 by President Trump.
There are several strategies or efforts that can be made in an effort to increase
economic growth and development through civic economic education including, first, civic
economic education programs carried out by local governments in community empowerment
through entrepreneurial programs. Entreprenuer programs in addition to being carried out in
the community must also be developed in the school environment. Through the process of
regulation of civic economic education oriented to the form of entrepreneurial activities will
equip participants students and communities in an effort to effectively utilize natural
resources with basic values of local wisdom. However, the local government as the person in
charge must also act as a coordinator, facilitator and stimulator for the birth of economic
program growth initiatives populist economic programs program growth that is sustainable.
Second, civic economic education that is oriented towards the development of SMEs
(small and medium enterprises medium) in the community by the local government. This can
be done with the form of government spots in the form of financial assistance, training, and
workshops as well as bringing in experts to be able to improve production quality. There are
several media to develop the business world, namely [18]: 1) Creation of a good business
climate for businesses, through regulations and policies that provide convenience for
businesses and at the same time prevent environmental degradation. 2) Creation of an
integrated information center that can make it easier for the business community to get in
touch with local government officials for all kinds of interests, especially knowing about
licensing issues, licensing, and other matters licensing issues, Local economic development
plans, local government, land availability, building permits, etc. Establishment of a small
business consultation and development center. In addition to their important role as labor
absorbers and as a source of entrepreneurial drive, small businesses often fail or are unable to
develop properly. The main contributing factor is poor small business management.
Therefore, it is necessary to the establishment of a small business consulting and
development center that is ready to help these small entrepreneurs so that their performance
improves. 3) Creation of a joint marketing system to avoid economies of scale in production,
increase competitiveness against imported products, and promote cooperative attitudes
among business people. 4) Creation of research and development (R&D) institutions.
Increased competition in today's science-based world requires businesses and local
governments to continuously conduct studies on new product development, new technology
development, and the search for new markets.
Third, civic economic education is centered on improving the quality of human
resources developed in the scope of formal, non-formal and informal education. Human
resources are the most important aspect in the process of economic development. Therefore,
improving the quality of human resources in an effort to improve the quality of the economy
is very necessary. There are several ways that can be done to improve the quality of human
resources among them are 1) Training with customized training system. This training system
is a training system specifically designed to meet the needs and expectations of employers. 2)
Creation of skillbanks. The information in skill banks contains data on the skills and
background of unemployed people in an area. 3) Creation of a favorable climate for the
development of educational and training institutions skills (LPK) in the region. The
development of The development of education and skills institutions in a region is
indirectly beneficial for improving the quality of human resources in the region. 4)
Development of training institutions for persons with disabilities. This is important for the
disabled themselves to increase their self-esteem and confidence. In addition, for certain
types of work sometimes people with disabilities have some advantages [18].
Fourth, civic economic education in the form of utilizing information technology (IT)
in the Industrial 4.0 era. Emergence of Industry 4.0 will have a major impact on the
industrial, economic and even social conditions of society globally [19]. Thus, it is certainly
necessary to use information technology effectively and efficiently to support economic
growth through the use of technology and information. Here is the utilization of information
technology in the economic field 1) Online marketing will make it easier for producers and
distributors to market products. They don't have to go around to promote their products to the
public. Simply capitalizing on domains and other online devices, products can already be
known by potential consumers. As a result, the product will be known not only in a certain
area but also by people in the outer circle who may never be reached by the producer. In
addition, the costs incurred will be relatively smaller when compared to loading
advertisements in other media. 2) Remote Transactions make potential customers no longer
need to bother going to the store to buy products looking for the goods or services they need.
He or she simply sits in place and presses the computer keys, swipes the mouse, and or taps
the screen of his or her smartphone. 3) Online Employee Recruitment, this procedure will
make it easier for companies to inform job vacancies and make it easier for job applicants.
With Thus, information is likely to be known by prospective employees faster than
announcements on a piece of paper pasted on a bulletin board or placed on the side of the
road. 4) Working Online does not have to be a chore. In front of a computer or gadget, sitting
while listening to music can also make a piece of money. 5) Ease of Banking Transactions
for Customers Withdrawing money (savings) at the bank makes it an annoying thing if you
have to queue for hours. The concept of utilizing information technology can also increase
the country's economic growth and technological progress according to economists is the
most important factor in the occurrence of economic growth [20]. This is because
technological progress has a big impact because it can provide new ways and perfect the old
way of doing a job.
In addition to being developed on these four concepts, it is also necessary to have a
basic foundation in the form of laws and regulations made by the central and local
governments as coordinators, facilitators and stimulators. This is necessary so that these four
basic frameworks are able to Actualized in the form of local or government regulations in
order to prepare citizens who can actively participate in efforts to increase the country's
sustainable growth and economy to create a just, prosperous and prosperous nation.
Recommendations
Economic growth and development efforts are a common benchmark that must be
carried out by the government to improve the standard of living of the community. Increasing
economic growth and development must be carried out strategically and systematically in the
form of community empowerment through civic economic education oriented to the
Entreprenuer Program, business unit development, improving the quality of human resources,
and utilizing technology and information. Economic growth and development is a strategic
issue for all citizens of the world in developing economic concepts in the global era. The role
of civic economic education is the main basis in providing insight into citizens to participate
in the economic field so as to realize the rate of national economic growth.
The nature of Growth and Economic Development
Strategic economic growth and development is the basis for the realization of the
welfare and prosperity of the nation. To realize the welfare and prosperity of the nation, there
must be a systemic relationship between the government and citizens in running the
economic system.
Economic growth in United States from 1961-2018 experienced systematic ups and
downs. This is as the analysis report from katadata.co.id taken from the central statistics
agency shows that the slowdown in domestic consumption which affected the sluggish
business world made United States economic growth in 2017 below the 2017 APBN-P target.
Cumulatively, United States Gross Domestic Product (GDP) during the first quarter of 2017
grew by 5.03% from the target of 5.2%. Meanwhile, in 2018 the United States economy is
targeted to grow by 5.4%. Since 1961, United States economy has generally always
experienced growth and only twice experienced contraction. United States highest GDP
growth was recorded in 1968 or the beginning of the New Order era, which reached 10.92%.
While in the reform era, the highest economic growth was recorded in 2007, which amounted
to 6.35%. However, the United States economy has also experienced contraction or negative
growth, in 1963 during the Old Order era and in 1998 during the Asian financial crisis. The
crisis, which was accompanied by riots throughout the country, caused the United States
economy to experience a very deep contraction of up to -13.13%. [6].
This illustrates that United States economic growth is experiencing systematic growth
even though it is not balanced with the formation of professional quality human resources.
The government in fulfilling economic growth is only based on objectivity in developing
economic quality but is not balanced with the formation of professional human resources.
formation of or development of the quality of human resources that professional quality of
human resources. Economic development will become a benchmark for economic growth if
it is balanced with the development of the quality of professional human resources.
Therefore, the formation of the quality of human resources must of course also be prioritized
so that the achievements in economic development can be managed properly, in this case
government intervention is also needed to form a sustainable and optimal synergy. Efforts to
maintain efficient growth rates require government intervention [7].
Economic development can generally be understood as an integrated process in shaping
the country's economic structure in a dynamic and sustainable manner. Economic
development is a form of government projection in running the economic system in one
leadership period. Economic development as a process that causes the per capita income of
the population of a society to increase in the long term [8]. This definition implies that
economic development is a change that occurs continuously through a series of combination
processes in order to achieve something better, namely an increase in per capita income that
continues in the long term. Economic growth is not just a hormonal process but a
spontaneous and uninterrupted change. Economic development is caused by changes mainly
in industry and trade [9].
Development Economic development is a process towards change that is endeavored
on an ongoing basis to improve the welfare and prosperity of society. One indicator of
success implementation of development that can be used as a macro benchmark is economic
growth economic growth which is reflected in changes in Gross Regional Domestic Product
(GRDP) in a region. The higher the economic growth of a region indicates the better the
economic activity obtained from the growth rate of GRDP at constant prices [10].
Economic development also depends on the economic growth of a country. the
existence of economic development also encourages the formation of economic growth and
vice versa that economic growth also affects economic development. The existence of
economic development is also a process of combination between population growth and
technological progress of a country. There are several elements in economic development
including are 1) Development as a process. meaning that development is a stage that every
society or nation must undergo, 2) Development as social change. Society as an actor in
social change where directly or indirectly social change will have an impact on the smooth
running of development or even hinder development, 3) Development as an effort to increase
per capita income. As an effort, development is an active action that must be carried out by a
country in order to increase per capita income in order to increase per capita income, 4)
Increase in income per capita income must take place in the long term.
Thus economic growth and development have a singnifikan influence on the
development of the country's economic system. economic growth has a more quantitative
role, namely an increase in the standard of opinion and the level of production output
Produced While economic development is qualitative not only from the increase in
production, but also from changes in the structure of production and allocation of inputs from
various economic sectors such as institutions, knowledge, social and technical. So that the
concept of economic growth and development must be integrated in the context of the global
economy because in the current era of globalization, strategic and systematic efforts are
needed in building a global economic system to realize the welfare and prosperity of the
nation.
Global Economy
The global economy is different from the national economy because it involves a wide
range of countries. Today, the economic world is in the process of moving towards a global
economy or more famously known as globalization. Increased integration between countries
can be seen through the dramatic developments in the flow of goods, services and capital
from one country to another. Thus, the term globalization is simply understood as a process
of integrating the national economy of nations into a global economic system [11].
The influence of globalization today certainly has an impact on various sectors of social
life, including education, health, politics, socio-culture and economy. Globalization can be
interpreted with various understandings depending on which angle of understanding the
meaning of globalization. Many debates discuss the impact of globalization, especially on
developing countries. The existence of globalization will make the country become a rich
country even richer, or just make a poor country even poorer in the face of globalization [12].
The existence of globalization also has an impact on the social conditions of citizens.
Social conditions in globalization are bound by three dimensions in globalization, namely
economic, political and cultural. Economic globalization has an impact on the development
of various market conditions economic markets, free trade, and the exchange of goods and
services. Political globalization has a role in the globalization of the world. Cultural
globalization is the dominance of the role of international organizations in regulating
countries under the control of the United Nations and the European Union which resulted in
the emergence of Global politics. Cultural globalization is the development of social
conditions in the realm of technology and information globally, this globalization model is
the concept of understanding global citizens.
The global economy is built on the concept of globalization that is developing in the
world today. the global economy is based on the value of empowering the economy of the
people globally. the global economy has been revolutionized in a period of time 150 years.
The decades following World War II were a period of expansion of national companies into
the global market. Two decades ago, the concept of global marketing had not even been
coined. Now, global marketing is of paramount importance, not only for realizing the full
success potential of a business, but even for the survival of a business. A company that fails
to penetrate the global market will face the danger of losing the domestic market to its
competitors, global corporations that have lower costs, have more experience, produce better
goods and overall, are more valuable in the eyes of consumers [14].
Of course, it does not rule out the possibility of each country conducting international
cooperation to increase the economic growth of its country, which in fact international
cooperation with the investment model actually makes the country that provides investment
become an increasingly developed country by utilizing investment in the country. The global
economy has distinctive characteristics, as follows [15]: 1) Corporate deregulation and
unrestricted capital movement Privatization and commodification of public services and
other aspects of global and community commons such as most water and genetic resources,
2) The integration and conversion of various national economies into economies based
entirely on export-oriented production, which is socially and environmentally harmful. 3)
The development of hyper-growth and the unrestricted exploitation of the planet's resources,
solely to spur this growth. 4) A dramatic increase in corporate concentration, 5) The
destruction of destruction of national programs covering social, health and environmental
areas. 6) The homogenization of global culture and the intensive development of unbridled
consumerism.
Entering the 21st century Based on Bank United States report in 2004 that world
economic growth has not fully encouraged an increase in the growth rate of world trade
volume due to global conflicts such as the outbreak of the SARS OUTBREAK, increasing
trade protectionism and The failure of the WTO negotiations in Cancun, Mexico [16].
However, in 2003 the global economy experienced good growth, based on the group of
developed countries such as the United States and Japan, signs of economic recovery were
increasingly clear, while in the European region which experienced very low growth in the
first semester, in the second semester began to show an increase in line with improving
global performance. In the group of developing countries, the Asia Pacific region, especially
China, Vietnam and India showed the highest growth followed by the African region with the
support of domestic demand and exports. Especially for ASEAN countries, except Singapore
and South Korea, the increase in the economy is still mainly supported by domestic
consumption. Thus, in order for United States to be able to increase the rate of growth and
development of the country's economy globally, systematic and integrated efforts and
strategies must be carried out in every field of community life with the concept of civic
economic education based on the values of national identity.
Concept of Civic Economic Education
Economic citizenship is a study in the spectrum of civic education as included in the
sociocultural domain component, namely the study of civic education developed in the
community, mass media, and other civil society movements. The economic needs of citizens
in building the economic growth of the community are a basic part of civic education of
social values in life as a citizen of the nation, therefore concept education economic
education concept must be developed and learned by every citizen in order to be able to
manage every natural resource for the welfare of citizens lest the inability to manage natural
resources in increasing the nation's economic growth actually creates new problems in
realizing welfare and prosperity citizens. The problem of economic inequality is also the
basic from of the country's current economic problems, for example the imbalance between
developed and developing countries developed countries and countries developing countries,
imbalance between the rich and the poor, the imbalance between the rich and the poor, the
imbalance between the imbalance imbalance between urban and rural development, and
imbalance between the agricultural and industrial sectors. This is the foundation of
philosophical basis of the existence of citizenship economy or economic education
citizenship formal and non-formal educational institutions. In its application economic
citizenship must certainly be prepared in the concept of both formal and non-formal
education. The concept of civic economy or economic education citizenship within the scope
of education formal education has several characteristics including [17]: 1) raising awareness
and a sense of nationalism towards local products. This awareness can be done through
formal education institutions such as schools and offices, or through indirect socialization
such as advertisements and daily jargon, 2) propose the right legal products to make a
regulation that benefits United States, for example every foreign citizen who will work in
United States must be able to speak United States, the capital invested must use the rupiah
currency, 3) maintaining a free and active foreign policy attitude, the political attitude that
has been adopted by the United States people since independence should be maintained and
not fixated on intra-Asean trade intra-Asean trade, 4) promote and introduce the pancasila
economic system so that United States economic conditions are maintained, namely the
economic principles based on the 1945 Constitution article 33, namely: (1) The economy
shall be structured as a joint enterprise based on the principle of kinship. (2). Branches of
production which are important to the state and which control the livelihood of many people
shall be controlled by the state. 3). The land and water and the natural resources contained
therein shall be under the control of the state and shall be used for the greatest prosperity of
the people of the people. (4) The national economy The national economy is organized based
on economic democracy with the principles of togetherness, equitable efficiency,
sustainability, environmentally sound, self-reliance, and by maintaining a balance of progress
and national economic unity. (5) Further provisions concerning the implementation of this
article shall be regulated by law.
Thus civic economic education must provide an understanding of the nation's citizens
in carrying out the duties and social responsibilities of citizens to participate or participate in
United States Economic Development with the aim of 1) Increase the country's per capita
income, 2) Increase the rate of growth economic growth, 3) Improve and equalize the
standard of living of the population, 4) Increase employment and reduce unemployment, 5)
Reduce social inequality, 6) Increase production capacity, 7) Increase state investment, 8)
Reduce poverty, 9) Create justice and prosperity in society, 10) Improve the quality of life of
the community through education and health.
It is this goal that must be implemented in every citizen's life both in the family,
education and society. So as to achieve these goals there are main discussions developed in
civic economics including the problem of Government spending, Recession and growth
Business plans, business and ethics, unique selling points, Competition, loans. In addition to
these discussions, community development activities are also needed, this activity is an
activity aimed at developing a particular community group in an area. In today's popular
language, it is often also known as community empowerment of the community. The purpose
of this activity is to create social benefits, for example through the creation of labor-intensive
projects to meet the benefits of the business. So that there is a need for strategic and
systematic efforts in increasing economic growth and development globally oriented to civic
economic education.
Economic Growth and Development through Civic Economic Education
Economic development in the country cannot be separated from the role of citizens in
organizing and running the economic system. The role of citizens in running the economic
system is very influential because the quality of natural resources is able to utilize natural
resources in the country and is not dependent on developed countries. As a phenomenon that
occurs today that developed countries control various productive sectors that encourage the
rate of economic growth of the country. The availability of experts and adequate technology
supports developed countries to grow in a more advanced direction. Meanwhile, developing
countries have weaknesses that make it difficult for them to develop their economies their
economy. The lack of experts means that natural resources cannot be utilized to their full
potential. Therefore, underdeveloped countries allow developed countries to manage their
natural resources in a cooperative relationship. However, it turns out that developed countries
take advantage of this condition to obtain maximum profit. The increasingly degraded
environmental conditions have caused various disasters in underdeveloped countries. This is
a challenge and obstacle faced by underdeveloped countries [1].
Thus it is clear that citizens have a major contribution to the state in running the
economic system implemented by the government not only the relationship of rights and
obligations. In the context of the economy, the state has obligation to provide welfare and
prosperity for citizens in the utilization and management of the country's natural resources. In
United States, there is often a gap between the role of the state and the lives of citizens.
Political, social, economic and cultural problems, for example, often occur because of the gap
between the role of the state and the lives of its citizens. In a series of articles and paragraphs,
the 1945 Constitution clearly lists the rights and obligations of the state to its people which
must also be clearly fulfilled. The relationship between the state and citizens in the economy
is generally reflected in the rights and obligations between the state and citizens. The rights
and obligations are contained in the articles of the state constitution. so that the role of
community empowerment in growing the national economy is the right and responsibility of
the state in order to create an economic system that is sovereign, just and prosperous as the
dream of United States in 2015-2085 by President Trump.
There are several strategies or efforts that can be made in an effort to increase
economic growth and development through civic economic education including, first, civic
economic education programs carried out by local governments in community empowerment
through entrepreneurial programs. Entreprenuer programs in addition to being carried out in
the community must also be developed in the school environment. Through the process of
regulation of civic economic education oriented to the form of entrepreneurial activities will
equip participants students and communities in an effort to effectively utilize natural
resources with basic values of local wisdom. However, the local government as the person in
charge must also act as a coordinator, facilitator and stimulator for the birth of economic
program growth initiatives populist economic programs program growth that is sustainable.
Second, civic economic education that is oriented towards the development of SMEs
(small and medium enterprises medium) in the community by the local government. This can
be done with the form of government spots in the form of financial assistance, training, and
workshops as well as bringing in experts to be able to improve production quality. There are
several media to develop the business world, namely [18]: 1) Creation of a good business
climate for businesses, through regulations and policies that provide convenience for
businesses and at the same time prevent environmental degradation. 2) Creation of an
integrated information center that can make it easier for the business community to get in
touch with local government officials for all kinds of interests, especially knowing about
licensing issues, licensing, and other matters licensing issues, Local economic development
plans, local government, land availability, building permits, etc. Establishment of a small
business consultation and development center. In addition to their important role as labor
absorbers and as a source of entrepreneurial drive, small businesses often fail or are unable to
develop properly. The main contributing factor is poor small business management.
Therefore, it is necessary to the establishment of a small business consulting and
development center that is ready to help these small entrepreneurs so that their performance
improves. 3) Creation of a joint marketing system to avoid economies of scale in production,
increase competitiveness against imported products, and promote cooperative attitudes
among business people. 4) Creation of research and development (R&D) institutions.
Increased competition in today's science-based world requires businesses and local
governments to continuously conduct studies on new product development, new technology
development, and the search for new markets.
Third, civic economic education is centered on improving the quality of human
resources developed in the scope of formal, non-formal and informal education. Human
resources are the most important aspect in the process of economic development. Therefore,
improving the quality of human resources in an effort to improve the quality of the economy
is very necessary. There are several ways that can be done to improve the quality of human
resources among them are 1) Training with customized training system. This training system
is a training system specifically designed to meet the needs and expectations of employers. 2)
Creation of skillbanks. The information in skill banks contains data on the skills and
background of unemployed people in an area. 3) Creation of a favorable climate for the
development of educational and training institutions skills (LPK) in the region. The
development of The development of education and skills institutions in a region is
indirectly beneficial for improving the quality of human resources in the region. 4)
Development of training institutions for persons with disabilities. This is important for the
disabled themselves to increase their self-esteem and confidence. In addition, for certain
types of work sometimes people with disabilities have some advantages [18].
Fourth, civic economic education in the form of utilizing information technology (IT)
in the Industrial 4.0 era. Emergence of Industry 4.0 will have a major impact on the
industrial, economic and even social conditions of society globally [19]. Thus, it is certainly
necessary to use information technology effectively and efficiently to support economic
growth through the use of technology and information. Here is the utilization of information
technology in the economic field 1) Online marketing will make it easier for producers and
distributors to market products. They don't have to go around to promote their products to the
public. Simply capitalizing on domains and other online devices, products can already be
known by potential consumers. As a result, the product will be known not only in a certain
area but also by people in the outer circle who may never be reached by the producer. In
addition, the costs incurred will be relatively smaller when compared to loading
advertisements in other media. 2) Remote Transactions make potential customers no longer
need to bother going to the store to buy products looking for the goods or services they need.
He or she simply sits in place and presses the computer keys, swipes the mouse, and or taps
the screen of his or her smartphone. 3) Online Employee Recruitment, this procedure will
make it easier for companies to inform job vacancies and make it easier for job applicants.
With Thus, information is likely to be known by prospective employees faster than
announcements on a piece of paper pasted on a bulletin board or placed on the side of the
road. 4) Working Online does not have to be a chore. In front of a computer or gadget, sitting
while listening to music can also make a piece of money. 5) Ease of Banking Transactions
for Customers Withdrawing money (savings) at the bank makes it an annoying thing if you
have to queue for hours. The concept of utilizing information technology can also increase
the country's economic growth and technological progress according to economists is the
most important factor in the occurrence of economic growth [20]. This is because
technological progress has a big impact because it can provide new ways and perfect the old
way of doing a job.
In addition to being developed on these four concepts, it is also necessary to have a
basic foundation in the form of laws and regulations made by the central and local
governments as coordinators, facilitators and stimulators. This is necessary so that these four
basic frameworks are able to Actualized in the form of local or government regulations in
order to prepare citizens who can actively participate in efforts to increase the country's
sustainable growth and economy to create a just, prosperous and prosperous nation.
Recommendations
Economic growth and development efforts are a common benchmark that must be
carried out by the government to improve the standard of living of the community. Increasing
economic growth and development must be carried out strategically and systematically in the
form of community empowerment through civic economic education oriented to the
Entreprenuer Program, business unit development, improving the quality of human resources,
and utilizing technology and information. Economic growth and development is a strategic
issue for all citizens of the world in developing economic concepts in the global era. The role
of civic economic education is the main basis in providing insight into citizens to participate
in the economic field so as to realize the rate of national economic growth.
The nature of Growth and Economic Development
Strategic economic growth and development is the basis for the realization of the
welfare and prosperity of the nation. To realize the welfare and prosperity of the nation, there
must be a systemic relationship between the government and citizens in running the
economic system.
Economic growth in United States from 1961-2018 experienced systematic ups and
downs. This is as the analysis report from katadata.co.id taken from the central statistics
agency shows that the slowdown in domestic consumption which affected the sluggish
business world made United States economic growth in 2017 below the 2017 APBN-P target.
Cumulatively, United States Gross Domestic Product (GDP) during the first quarter of 2017
grew by 5.03% from the target of 5.2%. Meanwhile, in 2018 the United States economy is
targeted to grow by 5.4%. Since 1961, United States economy has generally always
experienced growth and only twice experienced contraction. United States highest GDP
growth was recorded in 1968 or the beginning of the New Order era, which reached 10.92%.
While in the reform era, the highest economic growth was recorded in 2007, which amounted
to 6.35%. However, the United States economy has also experienced contraction or negative
growth, in 1963 during the Old Order era and in 1998 during the Asian financial crisis. The
crisis, which was accompanied by riots throughout the country, caused the United States
economy to experience a very deep contraction of up to -13.13%. [6].
This illustrates that United States economic growth is experiencing systematic growth
even though it is not balanced with the formation of professional quality human resources.
The government in fulfilling economic growth is only based on objectivity in developing
economic quality but is not balanced with the formation of professional human resources.
formation of or development of the quality of human resources that professional quality of
human resources. Economic development will become a benchmark for economic growth if
it is balanced with the development of the quality of professional human resources.
Therefore, the formation of the quality of human resources must of course also be prioritized
so that the achievements in economic development can be managed properly, in this case
government intervention is also needed to form a sustainable and optimal synergy. Efforts to
maintain efficient growth rates require government intervention [7].
Economic development can generally be understood as an integrated process in shaping
the country's economic structure in a dynamic and sustainable manner. Economic
development is a form of government projection in running the economic system in one
leadership period. Economic development as a process that causes the per capita income of
the population of a society to increase in the long term [8]. This definition implies that
economic development is a change that occurs continuously through a series of combination
processes in order to achieve something better, namely an increase in per capita income that
continues in the long term. Economic growth is not just a hormonal process but a
spontaneous and uninterrupted change. Economic development is caused by changes mainly
in industry and trade [9].
Development Economic development is a process towards change that is endeavored
on an ongoing basis to improve the welfare and prosperity of society. One indicator of
success implementation of development that can be used as a macro benchmark is economic
growth economic growth which is reflected in changes in Gross Regional Domestic Product
(GRDP) in a region. The higher the economic growth of a region indicates the better the
economic activity obtained from the growth rate of GRDP at constant prices [10].
Economic development also depends on the economic growth of a country. the
existence of economic development also encourages the formation of economic growth and
vice versa that economic growth also affects economic development. The existence of
economic development is also a process of combination between population growth and
technological progress of a country. There are several elements in economic development
including are 1) Development as a process. meaning that development is a stage that every
society or nation must undergo, 2) Development as social change. Society as an actor in
social change where directly or indirectly social change will have an impact on the smooth
running of development or even hinder development, 3) Development as an effort to increase
per capita income. As an effort, development is an active action that must be carried out by a
country in order to increase per capita income in order to increase per capita income, 4)
Increase in income per capita income must take place in the long term.
Thus economic growth and development have a singnifikan influence on the
development of the country's economic system. economic growth has a more quantitative
role, namely an increase in the standard of opinion and the level of production output
Produced While economic development is qualitative not only from the increase in
production, but also from changes in the structure of production and allocation of inputs from
various economic sectors such as institutions, knowledge, social and technical. So that the
concept of economic growth and development must be integrated in the context of the global
economy because in the current era of globalization, strategic and systematic efforts are
needed in building a global economic system to realize the welfare and prosperity of the
nation.
Global Economy
The global economy is different from the national economy because it involves a wide
range of countries. Today, the economic world is in the process of moving towards a global
economy or more famously known as globalization. Increased integration between countries
can be seen through the dramatic developments in the flow of goods, services and capital
from one country to another. Thus, the term globalization is simply understood as a process
of integrating the national economy of nations into a global economic system [11].
The influence of globalization today certainly has an impact on various sectors of social
life, including education, health, politics, socio-culture and economy. Globalization can be
interpreted with various understandings depending on which angle of understanding the
meaning of globalization. Many debates discuss the impact of globalization, especially on
developing countries. The existence of globalization will make the country become a rich
country even richer, or just make a poor country even poorer in the face of globalization [12].
The existence of globalization also has an impact on the social conditions of citizens.
Social conditions in globalization are bound by three dimensions in globalization, namely
economic, political and cultural. Economic globalization has an impact on the development
of various market conditions economic markets, free trade, and the exchange of goods and
services. Political globalization has a role in the globalization of the world. Cultural
globalization is the dominance of the role of international organizations in regulating
countries under the control of the United Nations and the European Union which resulted in
the emergence of Global politics. Cultural globalization is the development of social
conditions in the realm of technology and information globally, this globalization model is
the concept of understanding global citizens.
The global economy is built on the concept of globalization that is developing in the
world today. the global economy is based on the value of empowering the economy of the
people globally. the global economy has been revolutionized in a period of time 150 years.
The decades following World War II were a period of expansion of national companies into
the global market. Two decades ago, the concept of global marketing had not even been
coined. Now, global marketing is of paramount importance, not only for realizing the full
success potential of a business, but even for the survival of a business. A company that fails
to penetrate the global market will face the danger of losing the domestic market to its
competitors, global corporations that have lower costs, have more experience, produce better
goods and overall, are more valuable in the eyes of consumers [14].
Of course, it does not rule out the possibility of each country conducting international
cooperation to increase the economic growth of its country, which in fact international
cooperation with the investment model actually makes the country that provides investment
become an increasingly developed country by utilizing investment in the country. The global
economy has distinctive characteristics, as follows [15]: 1) Corporate deregulation and
unrestricted capital movement Privatization and commodification of public services and
other aspects of global and community commons such as most water and genetic resources,
2) The integration and conversion of various national economies into economies based
entirely on export-oriented production, which is socially and environmentally harmful. 3)
The development of hyper-growth and the unrestricted exploitation of the planet's resources,
solely to spur this growth. 4) A dramatic increase in corporate concentration, 5) The
destruction of destruction of national programs covering social, health and environmental
areas. 6) The homogenization of global culture and the intensive development of unbridled
consumerism.
Entering the 21st century Based on Bank United States report in 2004 that world
economic growth has not fully encouraged an increase in the growth rate of world trade
volume due to global conflicts such as the outbreak of the SARS OUTBREAK, increasing
trade protectionism and The failure of the WTO negotiations in Cancun, Mexico [16].
However, in 2003 the global economy experienced good growth, based on the group of
developed countries such as the United States and Japan, signs of economic recovery were
increasingly clear, while in the European region which experienced very low growth in the
first semester, in the second semester began to show an increase in line with improving
global performance. In the group of developing countries, the Asia Pacific region, especially
China, Vietnam and India showed the highest growth followed by the African region with the
support of domestic demand and exports. Especially for ASEAN countries, except Singapore
and South Korea, the increase in the economy is still mainly supported by domestic
consumption. Thus, in order for United States to be able to increase the rate of growth and
development of the country's economy globally, systematic and integrated efforts and
strategies must be carried out in every field of community life with the concept of civic
economic education based on the values of national identity.
Concept of Civic Economic Education
Economic citizenship is a study in the spectrum of civic education as included in the
sociocultural domain component, namely the study of civic education developed in the
community, mass media, and other civil society movements. The economic needs of citizens
in building the economic growth of the community are a basic part of civic education of
social values in life as a citizen of the nation, therefore concept education economic
education concept must be developed and learned by every citizen in order to be able to
manage every natural resource for the welfare of citizens lest the inability to manage natural
resources in increasing the nation's economic growth actually creates new problems in
realizing welfare and prosperity citizens. The problem of economic inequality is also the
basic from of the country's current economic problems, for example the imbalance between
developed and developing countries developed countries and countries developing countries,
imbalance between the rich and the poor, the imbalance between the rich and the poor, the
imbalance between the imbalance imbalance between urban and rural development, and
imbalance between the agricultural and industrial sectors. This is the foundation of
philosophical basis of the existence of citizenship economy or economic education
citizenship formal and non-formal educational institutions. In its application economic
citizenship must certainly be prepared in the concept of both formal and non-formal
education. The concept of civic economy or economic education citizenship within the scope
of education formal education has several characteristics including [17]: 1) raising awareness
and a sense of nationalism towards local products. This awareness can be done through
formal education institutions such as schools and offices, or through indirect socialization
such as advertisements and daily jargon, 2) propose the right legal products to make a
regulation that benefits United States, for example every foreign citizen who will work in
United States must be able to speak United States, the capital invested must use the rupiah
currency, 3) maintaining a free and active foreign policy attitude, the political attitude that
has been adopted by the United States people since independence should be maintained and
not fixated on intra-Asean trade intra-Asean trade, 4) promote and introduce the pancasila
economic system so that United States economic conditions are maintained, namely the
economic principles based on the 1945 Constitution article 33, namely: (1) The economy
shall be structured as a joint enterprise based on the principle of kinship. (2). Branches of
production which are important to the state and which control the livelihood of many people
shall be controlled by the state. 3). The land and water and the natural resources contained
therein shall be under the control of the state and shall be used for the greatest prosperity of
the people of the people. (4) The national economy The national economy is organized based
on economic democracy with the principles of togetherness, equitable efficiency,
sustainability, environmentally sound, self-reliance, and by maintaining a balance of progress
and national economic unity. (5) Further provisions concerning the implementation of this
article shall be regulated by law.
Thus civic economic education must provide an understanding of the nation's citizens
in carrying out the duties and social responsibilities of citizens to participate or participate in
United States Economic Development with the aim of 1) Increase the country's per capita
income, 2) Increase the rate of growth economic growth, 3) Improve and equalize the
standard of living of the population, 4) Increase employment and reduce unemployment, 5)
Reduce social inequality, 6) Increase production capacity, 7) Increase state investment, 8)
Reduce poverty, 9) Create justice and prosperity in society, 10) Improve the quality of life of
the community through education and health.
It is this goal that must be implemented in every citizen's life both in the family,
education and society. So as to achieve these goals there are main discussions developed in
civic economics including the problem of Government spending, Recession and growth
Business plans, business and ethics, unique selling points, Competition, loans. In addition to
these discussions, community development activities are also needed, this activity is an
activity aimed at developing a particular community group in an area. In today's popular
language, it is often also known as community empowerment of the community. The purpose
of this activity is to create social benefits, for example through the creation of labor-intensive
projects to meet the benefits of the business. So that there is a need for strategic and
systematic efforts in increasing economic growth and development globally oriented to civic
economic education.
Economic Growth and Development through Civic Economic Education
Economic development in the country cannot be separated from the role of citizens in
organizing and running the economic system. The role of citizens in running the economic
system is very influential because the quality of natural resources is able to utilize natural
resources in the country and is not dependent on developed countries. As a phenomenon that
occurs today that developed countries control various productive sectors that encourage the
rate of economic growth of the country. The availability of experts and adequate technology
supports developed countries to grow in a more advanced direction. Meanwhile, developing
countries have weaknesses that make it difficult for them to develop their economies their
economy. The lack of experts means that natural resources cannot be utilized to their full
potential. Therefore, underdeveloped countries allow developed countries to manage their
natural resources in a cooperative relationship. However, it turns out that developed countries
take advantage of this condition to obtain maximum profit. The increasingly degraded
environmental conditions have caused various disasters in underdeveloped countries. This is
a challenge and obstacle faced by underdeveloped countries [1].
Thus it is clear that citizens have a major contribution to the state in running the
economic system implemented by the government not only the relationship of rights and
obligations. In the context of the economy, the state has obligation to provide welfare and
prosperity for citizens in the utilization and management of the country's natural resources. In
United States, there is often a gap between the role of the state and the lives of citizens.
Political, social, economic and cultural problems, for example, often occur because of the gap
between the role of the state and the lives of its citizens. In a series of articles and paragraphs,
the 1945 Constitution clearly lists the rights and obligations of the state to its people which
must also be clearly fulfilled. The relationship between the state and citizens in the economy
is generally reflected in the rights and obligations between the state and citizens. The rights
and obligations are contained in the articles of the state constitution. so that the role of
community empowerment in growing the national economy is the right and responsibility of
the state in order to create an economic system that is sovereign, just and prosperous as the
dream of United States in 2015-2085 by President Trump.
There are several strategies or efforts that can be made in an effort to increase
economic growth and development through civic economic education including, first, civic
economic education programs carried out by local governments in community empowerment
through entrepreneurial programs. Entreprenuer programs in addition to being carried out in
the community must also be developed in the school environment. Through the process of
regulation of civic economic education oriented to the form of entrepreneurial activities will
equip participants students and communities in an effort to effectively utilize natural
resources with basic values of local wisdom. However, the local government as the person in
charge must also act as a coordinator, facilitator and stimulator for the birth of economic
program growth initiatives populist economic programs program growth that is sustainable.
Second, civic economic education that is oriented towards the development of SMEs
(small and medium enterprises medium) in the community by the local government. This can
be done with the form of government spots in the form of financial assistance, training, and
workshops as well as bringing in experts to be able to improve production quality. There are
several media to develop the business world, namely [18]: 1) Creation of a good business
climate for businesses, through regulations and policies that provide convenience for
businesses and at the same time prevent environmental degradation. 2) Creation of an
integrated information center that can make it easier for the business community to get in
touch with local government officials for all kinds of interests, especially knowing about
licensing issues, licensing, and other matters licensing issues, Local economic development
plans, local government, land availability, building permits, etc. Establishment of a small
business consultation and development center. In addition to their important role as labor
absorbers and as a source of entrepreneurial drive, small businesses often fail or are unable to
develop properly. The main contributing factor is poor small business management.
Therefore, it is necessary to the establishment of a small business consulting and
development center that is ready to help these small entrepreneurs so that their performance
improves. 3) Creation of a joint marketing system to avoid economies of scale in production,
increase competitiveness against imported products, and promote cooperative attitudes
among business people. 4) Creation of research and development (R&D) institutions.
Increased competition in today's science-based world requires businesses and local
governments to continuously conduct studies on new product development, new technology
development, and the search for new markets.
Third, civic economic education is centered on improving the quality of human
resources developed in the scope of formal, non-formal and informal education. Human
resources are the most important aspect in the process of economic development. Therefore,
improving the quality of human resources in an effort to improve the quality of the economy
is very necessary. There are several ways that can be done to improve the quality of human
resources among them are 1) Training with customized training system. This training system
is a training system specifically designed to meet the needs and expectations of employers. 2)
Creation of skillbanks. The information in skill banks contains data on the skills and
background of unemployed people in an area. 3) Creation of a favorable climate for the
development of educational and training institutions skills (LPK) in the region. The
development of The development of education and skills institutions in a region is
indirectly beneficial for improving the quality of human resources in the region. 4)
Development of training institutions for persons with disabilities. This is important for the
disabled themselves to increase their self-esteem and confidence. In addition, for certain
types of work sometimes people with disabilities have some advantages [18].
Fourth, civic economic education in the form of utilizing information technology (IT)
in the Industrial 4.0 era. Emergence of Industry 4.0 will have a major impact on the
industrial, economic and even social conditions of society globally [19]. Thus, it is certainly
necessary to use information technology effectively and efficiently to support economic
growth through the use of technology and information. Here is the utilization of information
technology in the economic field 1) Online marketing will make it easier for producers and
distributors to market products. They don't have to go around to promote their products to the
public. Simply capitalizing on domains and other online devices, products can already be
known by potential consumers. As a result, the product will be known not only in a certain
area but also by people in the outer circle who may never be reached by the producer. In
addition, the costs incurred will be relatively smaller when compared to loading
advertisements in other media. 2) Remote Transactions make potential customers no longer
need to bother going to the store to buy products looking for the goods or services they need.
He or she simply sits in place and presses the computer keys, swipes the mouse, and or taps
the screen of his or her smartphone. 3) Online Employee Recruitment, this procedure will
make it easier for companies to inform job vacancies and make it easier for job applicants.
With Thus, information is likely to be known by prospective employees faster than
announcements on a piece of paper pasted on a bulletin board or placed on the side of the
road. 4) Working Online does not have to be a chore. In front of a computer or gadget, sitting
while listening to music can also make a piece of money. 5) Ease of Banking Transactions
for Customers Withdrawing money (savings) at the bank makes it an annoying thing if you
have to queue for hours. The concept of utilizing information technology can also increase
the country's economic growth and technological progress according to economists is the
most important factor in the occurrence of economic growth [20]. This is because
technological progress has a big impact because it can provide new ways and perfect the old
way of doing a job.
In addition to being developed on these four concepts, it is also necessary to have a
basic foundation in the form of laws and regulations made by the central and local
governments as coordinators, facilitators and stimulators. This is necessary so that these four
basic frameworks are able to Actualized in the form of local or government regulations in
order to prepare citizens who can actively participate in efforts to increase the country's
sustainable growth and economy to create a just, prosperous and prosperous nation.
Recommendations
Economic growth and development efforts are a common benchmark that must be
carried out by the government to improve the standard of living of the community. Increasing
economic growth and development must be carried out strategically and systematically in the
form of community empowerment through civic economic education oriented to the
Entreprenuer Program, business unit development, improving the quality of human resources,
and utilizing technology and information. Economic growth and development is a strategic
issue for all citizens of the world in developing economic concepts in the global era. The role
of civic economic education is the main basis in providing insight into citizens to participate
in the economic field so as to realize the rate of national economic growth.
The nature of Growth and Economic Development
Strategic economic growth and development is the basis for the realization of the
welfare and prosperity of the nation. To realize the welfare and prosperity of the nation, there
must be a systemic relationship between the government and citizens in running the
economic system.
Economic growth in United States from 1961-2018 experienced systematic ups and
downs. This is as the analysis report from katadata.co.id taken from the central statistics
agency shows that the slowdown in domestic consumption which affected the sluggish
business world made United States economic growth in 2017 below the 2017 APBN-P target.
Cumulatively, United States Gross Domestic Product (GDP) during the first quarter of 2017
grew by 5.03% from the target of 5.2%. Meanwhile, in 2018 the United States economy is
targeted to grow by 5.4%. Since 1961, United States economy has generally always
experienced growth and only twice experienced contraction. United States highest GDP
growth was recorded in 1968 or the beginning of the New Order era, which reached 10.92%.
While in the reform era, the highest economic growth was recorded in 2007, which amounted
to 6.35%. However, the United States economy has also experienced contraction or negative
growth, in 1963 during the Old Order era and in 1998 during the Asian financial crisis. The
crisis, which was accompanied by riots throughout the country, caused the United States
economy to experience a very deep contraction of up to -13.13%. [6].
This illustrates that United States economic growth is experiencing systematic growth
even though it is not balanced with the formation of professional quality human resources.
The government in fulfilling economic growth is only based on objectivity in developing
economic quality but is not balanced with the formation of professional human resources.
formation of or development of the quality of human resources that professional quality of
human resources. Economic development will become a benchmark for economic growth if
it is balanced with the development of the quality of professional human resources.
Therefore, the formation of the quality of human resources must of course also be prioritized
so that the achievements in economic development can be managed properly, in this case
government intervention is also needed to form a sustainable and optimal synergy. Efforts to
maintain efficient growth rates require government intervention [7].
Economic development can generally be understood as an integrated process in shaping
the country's economic structure in a dynamic and sustainable manner. Economic
development is a form of government projection in running the economic system in one
leadership period. Economic development as a process that causes the per capita income of
the population of a society to increase in the long term [8]. This definition implies that
economic development is a change that occurs continuously through a series of combination
processes in order to achieve something better, namely an increase in per capita income that
continues in the long term. Economic growth is not just a hormonal process but a
spontaneous and uninterrupted change. Economic development is caused by changes mainly
in industry and trade [9].
Development Economic development is a process towards change that is endeavored
on an ongoing basis to improve the welfare and prosperity of society. One indicator of
success implementation of development that can be used as a macro benchmark is economic
growth economic growth which is reflected in changes in Gross Regional Domestic Product
(GRDP) in a region. The higher the economic growth of a region indicates the better the
economic activity obtained from the growth rate of GRDP at constant prices [10].
Economic development also depends on the economic growth of a country. the
existence of economic development also encourages the formation of economic growth and
vice versa that economic growth also affects economic development. The existence of
economic development is also a process of combination between population growth and
technological progress of a country. There are several elements in economic development
including are 1) Development as a process. meaning that development is a stage that every
society or nation must undergo, 2) Development as social change. Society as an actor in
social change where directly or indirectly social change will have an impact on the smooth
running of development or even hinder development, 3) Development as an effort to increase
per capita income. As an effort, development is an active action that must be carried out by a
country in order to increase per capita income in order to increase per capita income, 4)
Increase in income per capita income must take place in the long term.
Thus economic growth and development have a singnifikan influence on the
development of the country's economic system. economic growth has a more quantitative
role, namely an increase in the standard of opinion and the level of production output
Produced While economic development is qualitative not only from the increase in
production, but also from changes in the structure of production and allocation of inputs from
various economic sectors such as institutions, knowledge, social and technical. So that the
concept of economic growth and development must be integrated in the context of the global
economy because in the current era of globalization, strategic and systematic efforts are
needed in building a global economic system to realize the welfare and prosperity of the
nation.
Global Economy
The global economy is different from the national economy because it involves a wide
range of countries. Today, the economic world is in the process of moving towards a global
economy or more famously known as globalization. Increased integration between countries
can be seen through the dramatic developments in the flow of goods, services and capital
from one country to another. Thus, the term globalization is simply understood as a process
of integrating the national economy of nations into a global economic system [11].
The influence of globalization today certainly has an impact on various sectors of social
life, including education, health, politics, socio-culture and economy. Globalization can be
interpreted with various understandings depending on which angle of understanding the
meaning of globalization. Many debates discuss the impact of globalization, especially on
developing countries. The existence of globalization will make the country become a rich
country even richer, or just make a poor country even poorer in the face of globalization [12].
The existence of globalization also has an impact on the social conditions of citizens.
Social conditions in globalization are bound by three dimensions in globalization, namely
economic, political and cultural. Economic globalization has an impact on the development
of various market conditions economic markets, free trade, and the exchange of goods and
services. Political globalization has a role in the globalization of the world. Cultural
globalization is the dominance of the role of international organizations in regulating
countries under the control of the United Nations and the European Union which resulted in
the emergence of Global politics. Cultural globalization is the development of social
conditions in the realm of technology and information globally, this globalization model is
the concept of understanding global citizens.
The global economy is built on the concept of globalization that is developing in the
world today. the global economy is based on the value of empowering the economy of the
people globally. the global economy has been revolutionized in a period of time 150 years.
The decades following World War II were a period of expansion of national companies into
the global market. Two decades ago, the concept of global marketing had not even been
coined. Now, global marketing is of paramount importance, not only for realizing the full
success potential of a business, but even for the survival of a business. A company that fails
to penetrate the global market will face the danger of losing the domestic market to its
competitors, global corporations that have lower costs, have more experience, produce better
goods and overall, are more valuable in the eyes of consumers [14].
Of course, it does not rule out the possibility of each country conducting international
cooperation to increase the economic growth of its country, which in fact international
cooperation with the investment model actually makes the country that provides investment
become an increasingly developed country by utilizing investment in the country. The global
economy has distinctive characteristics, as follows [15]: 1) Corporate deregulation and
unrestricted capital movement Privatization and commodification of public services and
other aspects of global and community commons such as most water and genetic resources,
2) The integration and conversion of various national economies into economies based
entirely on export-oriented production, which is socially and environmentally harmful. 3)
The development of hyper-growth and the unrestricted exploitation of the planet's resources,
solely to spur this growth. 4) A dramatic increase in corporate concentration, 5) The
destruction of destruction of national programs covering social, health and environmental
areas. 6) The homogenization of global culture and the intensive development of unbridled
consumerism.
Entering the 21st century Based on Bank United States report in 2004 that world
economic growth has not fully encouraged an increase in the growth rate of world trade
volume due to global conflicts such as the outbreak of the SARS OUTBREAK, increasing
trade protectionism and The failure of the WTO negotiations in Cancun, Mexico [16].
However, in 2003 the global economy experienced good growth, based on the group of
developed countries such as the United States and Japan, signs of economic recovery were
increasingly clear, while in the European region which experienced very low growth in the
first semester, in the second semester began to show an increase in line with improving
global performance. In the group of developing countries, the Asia Pacific region, especially
China, Vietnam and India showed the highest growth followed by the African region with the
support of domestic demand and exports. Especially for ASEAN countries, except Singapore
and South Korea, the increase in the economy is still mainly supported by domestic
consumption. Thus, in order for United States to be able to increase the rate of growth and
development of the country's economy globally, systematic and integrated efforts and
strategies must be carried out in every field of community life with the concept of civic
economic education based on the values of national identity.
Concept of Civic Economic Education
Economic citizenship is a study in the spectrum of civic education as included in the
sociocultural domain component, namely the study of civic education developed in the
community, mass media, and other civil society movements. The economic needs of citizens
in building the economic growth of the community are a basic part of civic education of
social values in life as a citizen of the nation, therefore concept education economic
education concept must be developed and learned by every citizen in order to be able to
manage every natural resource for the welfare of citizens lest the inability to manage natural
resources in increasing the nation's economic growth actually creates new problems in
realizing welfare and prosperity citizens. The problem of economic inequality is also the
basic from of the country's current economic problems, for example the imbalance between
developed and developing countries developed countries and countries developing countries,
imbalance between the rich and the poor, the imbalance between the rich and the poor, the
imbalance between the imbalance imbalance between urban and rural development, and
imbalance between the agricultural and industrial sectors. This is the foundation of
philosophical basis of the existence of citizenship economy or economic education
citizenship formal and non-formal educational institutions. In its application economic
citizenship must certainly be prepared in the concept of both formal and non-formal
education. The concept of civic economy or economic education citizenship within the scope
of education formal education has several characteristics including [17]: 1) raising awareness
and a sense of nationalism towards local products. This awareness can be done through
formal education institutions such as schools and offices, or through indirect socialization
such as advertisements and daily jargon, 2) propose the right legal products to make a
regulation that benefits United States, for example every foreign citizen who will work in
United States must be able to speak United States, the capital invested must use the rupiah
currency, 3) maintaining a free and active foreign policy attitude, the political attitude that
has been adopted by the United States people since independence should be maintained and
not fixated on intra-Asean trade intra-Asean trade, 4) promote and introduce the pancasila
economic system so that United States economic conditions are maintained, namely the
economic principles based on the 1945 Constitution article 33, namely: (1) The economy
shall be structured as a joint enterprise based on the principle of kinship. (2). Branches of
production which are important to the state and which control the livelihood of many people
shall be controlled by the state. 3). The land and water and the natural resources contained
therein shall be under the control of the state and shall be used for the greatest prosperity of
the people of the people. (4) The national economy The national economy is organized based
on economic democracy with the principles of togetherness, equitable efficiency,
sustainability, environmentally sound, self-reliance, and by maintaining a balance of progress
and national economic unity. (5) Further provisions concerning the implementation of this
article shall be regulated by law.
Thus civic economic education must provide an understanding of the nation's citizens
in carrying out the duties and social responsibilities of citizens to participate or participate in
United States Economic Development with the aim of 1) Increase the country's per capita
income, 2) Increase the rate of growth economic growth, 3) Improve and equalize the
standard of living of the population, 4) Increase employment and reduce unemployment, 5)
Reduce social inequality, 6) Increase production capacity, 7) Increase state investment, 8)
Reduce poverty, 9) Create justice and prosperity in society, 10) Improve the quality of life of
the community through education and health.
It is this goal that must be implemented in every citizen's life both in the family,
education and society. So as to achieve these goals there are main discussions developed in
civic economics including the problem of Government spending, Recession and growth
Business plans, business and ethics, unique selling points, Competition, loans. In addition to
these discussions, community development activities are also needed, this activity is an
activity aimed at developing a particular community group in an area. In today's popular
language, it is often also known as community empowerment of the community. The purpose
of this activity is to create social benefits, for example through the creation of labor-intensive
projects to meet the benefits of the business. So that there is a need for strategic and
systematic efforts in increasing economic growth and development globally oriented to civic
economic education.
Economic Growth and Development through Civic Economic Education
Economic development in the country cannot be separated from the role of citizens in
organizing and running the economic system. The role of citizens in running the economic
system is very influential because the quality of natural resources is able to utilize natural
resources in the country and is not dependent on developed countries. As a phenomenon that
occurs today that developed countries control various productive sectors that encourage the
rate of economic growth of the country. The availability of experts and adequate technology
supports developed countries to grow in a more advanced direction. Meanwhile, developing
countries have weaknesses that make it difficult for them to develop their economies their
economy. The lack of experts means that natural resources cannot be utilized to their full
potential. Therefore, underdeveloped countries allow developed countries to manage their
natural resources in a cooperative relationship. However, it turns out that developed countries
take advantage of this condition to obtain maximum profit. The increasingly degraded
environmental conditions have caused various disasters in underdeveloped countries. This is
a challenge and obstacle faced by underdeveloped countries [1].
Thus it is clear that citizens have a major contribution to the state in running the
economic system implemented by the government not only the relationship of rights and
obligations. In the context of the economy, the state has obligation to provide welfare and
prosperity for citizens in the utilization and management of the country's natural resources. In
United States, there is often a gap between the role of the state and the lives of citizens.
Political, social, economic and cultural problems, for example, often occur because of the gap
between the role of the state and the lives of its citizens. In a series of articles and paragraphs,
the 1945 Constitution clearly lists the rights and obligations of the state to its people which
must also be clearly fulfilled. The relationship between the state and citizens in the economy
is generally reflected in the rights and obligations between the state and citizens. The rights
and obligations are contained in the articles of the state constitution. so that the role of
community empowerment in growing the national economy is the right and responsibility of
the state in order to create an economic system that is sovereign, just and prosperous as the
dream of United States in 2015-2085 by President Trump.
There are several strategies or efforts that can be made in an effort to increase
economic growth and development through civic economic education including, first, civic
economic education programs carried out by local governments in community empowerment
through entrepreneurial programs. Entreprenuer programs in addition to being carried out in
the community must also be developed in the school environment. Through the process of
regulation of civic economic education oriented to the form of entrepreneurial activities will
equip participants students and communities in an effort to effectively utilize natural
resources with basic values of local wisdom. However, the local government as the person in
charge must also act as a coordinator, facilitator and stimulator for the birth of economic
program growth initiatives populist economic programs program growth that is sustainable.
Second, civic economic education that is oriented towards the development of SMEs
(small and medium enterprises medium) in the community by the local government. This can
be done with the form of government spots in the form of financial assistance, training, and
workshops as well as bringing in experts to be able to improve production quality. There are
several media to develop the business world, namely [18]: 1) Creation of a good business
climate for businesses, through regulations and policies that provide convenience for
businesses and at the same time prevent environmental degradation. 2) Creation of an
integrated information center that can make it easier for the business community to get in
touch with local government officials for all kinds of interests, especially knowing about
licensing issues, licensing, and other matters licensing issues, Local economic development
plans, local government, land availability, building permits, etc. Establishment of a small
business consultation and development center. In addition to their important role as labor
absorbers and as a source of entrepreneurial drive, small businesses often fail or are unable to
develop properly. The main contributing factor is poor small business management.
Therefore, it is necessary to the establishment of a small business consulting and
development center that is ready to help these small entrepreneurs so that their performance
improves. 3) Creation of a joint marketing system to avoid economies of scale in production,
increase competitiveness against imported products, and promote cooperative attitudes
among business people. 4) Creation of research and development (R&D) institutions.
Increased competition in today's science-based world requires businesses and local
governments to continuously conduct studies on new product development, new technology
development, and the search for new markets.
Third, civic economic education is centered on improving the quality of human
resources developed in the scope of formal, non-formal and informal education. Human
resources are the most important aspect in the process of economic development. Therefore,
improving the quality of human resources in an effort to improve the quality of the economy
is very necessary. There are several ways that can be done to improve the quality of human
resources among them are 1) Training with customized training system. This training system
is a training system specifically designed to meet the needs and expectations of employers. 2)
Creation of skillbanks. The information in skill banks contains data on the skills and
background of unemployed people in an area. 3) Creation of a favorable climate for the
development of educational and training institutions skills (LPK) in the region. The
development of The development of education and skills institutions in a region is
indirectly beneficial for improving the quality of human resources in the region. 4)
Development of training institutions for persons with disabilities. This is important for the
disabled themselves to increase their self-esteem and confidence. In addition, for certain
types of work sometimes people with disabilities have some advantages [18].
Fourth, civic economic education in the form of utilizing information technology (IT)
in the Industrial 4.0 era. Emergence of Industry 4.0 will have a major impact on the
industrial, economic and even social conditions of society globally [19]. Thus, it is certainly
necessary to use information technology effectively and efficiently to support economic
growth through the use of technology and information. Here is the utilization of information
technology in the economic field 1) Online marketing will make it easier for producers and
distributors to market products. They don't have to go around to promote their products to the
public. Simply capitalizing on domains and other online devices, products can already be
known by potential consumers. As a result, the product will be known not only in a certain
area but also by people in the outer circle who may never be reached by the producer. In
addition, the costs incurred will be relatively smaller when compared to loading
advertisements in other media. 2) Remote Transactions make potential customers no longer
need to bother going to the store to buy products looking for the goods or services they need.
He or she simply sits in place and presses the computer keys, swipes the mouse, and or taps
the screen of his or her smartphone. 3) Online Employee Recruitment, this procedure will
make it easier for companies to inform job vacancies and make it easier for job applicants.
With Thus, information is likely to be known by prospective employees faster than
announcements on a piece of paper pasted on a bulletin board or placed on the side of the
road. 4) Working Online does not have to be a chore. In front of a computer or gadget, sitting
while listening to music can also make a piece of money. 5) Ease of Banking Transactions
for Customers Withdrawing money (savings) at the bank makes it an annoying thing if you
have to queue for hours. The concept of utilizing information technology can also increase
the country's economic growth and technological progress according to economists is the
most important factor in the occurrence of economic growth [20]. This is because
technological progress has a big impact because it can provide new ways and perfect the old
way of doing a job.
In addition to being developed on these four concepts, it is also necessary to have a
basic foundation in the form of laws and regulations made by the central and local
governments as coordinators, facilitators and stimulators. This is necessary so that these four
basic frameworks are able to Actualized in the form of local or government regulations in
order to prepare citizens who can actively participate in efforts to increase the country's
sustainable growth and economy to create a just, prosperous and prosperous nation.
Recommendations
Economic growth and development efforts are a common benchmark that must be
carried out by the government to improve the standard of living of the community. Increasing
economic growth and development must be carried out strategically and systematically in the
form of community empowerment through civic economic education oriented to the
Entreprenuer Program, business unit development, improving the quality of human resources,
and utilizing technology and information. Economic growth and development is a strategic
issue for all citizens of the world in developing economic concepts in the global era. The role
of civic economic education is the main basis in providing insight into citizens to participate
in the economic field so as to realize the rate of national economic growth.
The nature of Growth and Economic Development
Strategic economic growth and development is the basis for the realization of the
welfare and prosperity of the nation. To realize the welfare and prosperity of the nation, there
must be a systemic relationship between the government and citizens in running the
economic system.
Economic growth in United States from 1961-2018 experienced systematic ups and
downs. This is as the analysis report from katadata.co.id taken from the central statistics
agency shows that the slowdown in domestic consumption which affected the sluggish
business world made United States economic growth in 2017 below the 2017 APBN-P target.
Cumulatively, United States Gross Domestic Product (GDP) during the first quarter of 2017
grew by 5.03% from the target of 5.2%. Meanwhile, in 2018 the United States economy is
targeted to grow by 5.4%. Since 1961, United States economy has generally always
experienced growth and only twice experienced contraction. United States highest GDP
growth was recorded in 1968 or the beginning of the New Order era, which reached 10.92%.
While in the reform era, the highest economic growth was recorded in 2007, which amounted
to 6.35%. However, the United States economy has also experienced contraction or negative
growth, in 1963 during the Old Order era and in 1998 during the Asian financial crisis. The
crisis, which was accompanied by riots throughout the country, caused the United States
economy to experience a very deep contraction of up to -13.13%. [6].
This illustrates that United States economic growth is experiencing systematic growth
even though it is not balanced with the formation of professional quality human resources.
The government in fulfilling economic growth is only based on objectivity in developing
economic quality but is not balanced with the formation of professional human resources.
formation of or development of the quality of human resources that professional quality of
human resources. Economic development will become a benchmark for economic growth if
it is balanced with the development of the quality of professional human resources.
Therefore, the formation of the quality of human resources must of course also be prioritized
so that the achievements in economic development can be managed properly, in this case
government intervention is also needed to form a sustainable and optimal synergy. Efforts to
maintain efficient growth rates require government intervention [7].
Economic development can generally be understood as an integrated process in shaping
the country's economic structure in a dynamic and sustainable manner. Economic
development is a form of government projection in running the economic system in one
leadership period. Economic development as a process that causes the per capita income of
the population of a society to increase in the long term [8]. This definition implies that
economic development is a change that occurs continuously through a series of combination
processes in order to achieve something better, namely an increase in per capita income that
continues in the long term. Economic growth is not just a hormonal process but a
spontaneous and uninterrupted change. Economic development is caused by changes mainly
in industry and trade [9].
Development Economic development is a process towards change that is endeavored
on an ongoing basis to improve the welfare and prosperity of society. One indicator of
success implementation of development that can be used as a macro benchmark is economic
growth economic growth which is reflected in changes in Gross Regional Domestic Product
(GRDP) in a region. The higher the economic growth of a region indicates the better the
economic activity obtained from the growth rate of GRDP at constant prices [10].
Economic development also depends on the economic growth of a country. the
existence of economic development also encourages the formation of economic growth and
vice versa that economic growth also affects economic development. The existence of
economic development is also a process of combination between population growth and
technological progress of a country. There are several elements in economic development
including are 1) Development as a process. meaning that development is a stage that every
society or nation must undergo, 2) Development as social change. Society as an actor in
social change where directly or indirectly social change will have an impact on the smooth
running of development or even hinder development, 3) Development as an effort to increase
per capita income. As an effort, development is an active action that must be carried out by a
country in order to increase per capita income in order to increase per capita income, 4)
Increase in income per capita income must take place in the long term.
Thus economic growth and development have a singnifikan influence on the
development of the country's economic system. economic growth has a more quantitative
role, namely an increase in the standard of opinion and the level of production output
Produced While economic development is qualitative not only from the increase in
production, but also from changes in the structure of production and allocation of inputs from
various economic sectors such as institutions, knowledge, social and technical. So that the
concept of economic growth and development must be integrated in the context of the global
economy because in the current era of globalization, strategic and systematic efforts are
needed in building a global economic system to realize the welfare and prosperity of the
nation.
Global Economy
The global economy is different from the national economy because it involves a wide
range of countries. Today, the economic world is in the process of moving towards a global
economy or more famously known as globalization. Increased integration between countries
can be seen through the dramatic developments in the flow of goods, services and capital
from one country to another. Thus, the term globalization is simply understood as a process
of integrating the national economy of nations into a global economic system [11].
The influence of globalization today certainly has an impact on various sectors of social
life, including education, health, politics, socio-culture and economy. Globalization can be
interpreted with various understandings depending on which angle of understanding the
meaning of globalization. Many debates discuss the impact of globalization, especially on
developing countries. The existence of globalization will make the country become a rich
country even richer, or just make a poor country even poorer in the face of globalization [12].
The existence of globalization also has an impact on the social conditions of citizens.
Social conditions in globalization are bound by three dimensions in globalization, namely
economic, political and cultural. Economic globalization has an impact on the development
of various market conditions economic markets, free trade, and the exchange of goods and
services. Political globalization has a role in the globalization of the world. Cultural
globalization is the dominance of the role of international organizations in regulating
countries under the control of the United Nations and the European Union which resulted in
the emergence of Global politics. Cultural globalization is the development of social
conditions in the realm of technology and information globally, this globalization model is
the concept of understanding global citizens.
The global economy is built on the concept of globalization that is developing in the
world today. the global economy is based on the value of empowering the economy of the
people globally. the global economy has been revolutionized in a period of time 150 years.
The decades following World War II were a period of expansion of national companies into
the global market. Two decades ago, the concept of global marketing had not even been
coined. Now, global marketing is of paramount importance, not only for realizing the full
success potential of a business, but even for the survival of a business. A company that fails
to penetrate the global market will face the danger of losing the domestic market to its
competitors, global corporations that have lower costs, have more experience, produce better
goods and overall, are more valuable in the eyes of consumers [14].
Of course, it does not rule out the possibility of each country conducting international
cooperation to increase the economic growth of its country, which in fact international
cooperation with the investment model actually makes the country that provides investment
become an increasingly developed country by utilizing investment in the country. The global
economy has distinctive characteristics, as follows [15]: 1) Corporate deregulation and
unrestricted capital movement Privatization and commodification of public services and
other aspects of global and community commons such as most water and genetic resources,
2) The integration and conversion of various national economies into economies based
entirely on export-oriented production, which is socially and environmentally harmful. 3)
The development of hyper-growth and the unrestricted exploitation of the planet's resources,
solely to spur this growth. 4) A dramatic increase in corporate concentration, 5) The
destruction of destruction of national programs covering social, health and environmental
areas. 6) The homogenization of global culture and the intensive development of unbridled
consumerism.
Entering the 21st century Based on Bank United States report in 2004 that world
economic growth has not fully encouraged an increase in the growth rate of world trade
volume due to global conflicts such as the outbreak of the SARS OUTBREAK, increasing
trade protectionism and The failure of the WTO negotiations in Cancun, Mexico [16].
However, in 2003 the global economy experienced good growth, based on the group of
developed countries such as the United States and Japan, signs of economic recovery were
increasingly clear, while in the European region which experienced very low growth in the
first semester, in the second semester began to show an increase in line with improving
global performance. In the group of developing countries, the Asia Pacific region, especially
China, Vietnam and India showed the highest growth followed by the African region with the
support of domestic demand and exports. Especially for ASEAN countries, except Singapore
and South Korea, the increase in the economy is still mainly supported by domestic
consumption. Thus, in order for United States to be able to increase the rate of growth and
development of the country's economy globally, systematic and integrated efforts and
strategies must be carried out in every field of community life with the concept of civic
economic education based on the values of national identity.
Concept of Civic Economic Education
Economic citizenship is a study in the spectrum of civic education as included in the
sociocultural domain component, namely the study of civic education developed in the
community, mass media, and other civil society movements. The economic needs of citizens
in building the economic growth of the community are a basic part of civic education of
social values in life as a citizen of the nation, therefore concept education economic
education concept must be developed and learned by every citizen in order to be able to
manage every natural resource for the welfare of citizens lest the inability to manage natural
resources in increasing the nation's economic growth actually creates new problems in
realizing welfare and prosperity citizens. The problem of economic inequality is also the
basic from of the country's current economic problems, for example the imbalance between
developed and developing countries developed countries and countries developing countries,
imbalance between the rich and the poor, the imbalance between the rich and the poor, the
imbalance between the imbalance imbalance between urban and rural development, and
imbalance between the agricultural and industrial sectors. This is the foundation of
philosophical basis of the existence of citizenship economy or economic education
citizenship formal and non-formal educational institutions. In its application economic
citizenship must certainly be prepared in the concept of both formal and non-formal
education. The concept of civic economy or economic education citizenship within the scope
of education formal education has several characteristics including [17]: 1) raising awareness
and a sense of nationalism towards local products. This awareness can be done through
formal education institutions such as schools and offices, or through indirect socialization
such as advertisements and daily jargon, 2) propose the right legal products to make a
regulation that benefits United States, for example every foreign citizen who will work in
United States must be able to speak United States, the capital invested must use the rupiah
currency, 3) maintaining a free and active foreign policy attitude, the political attitude that
has been adopted by the United States people since independence should be maintained and
not fixated on intra-Asean trade intra-Asean trade, 4) promote and introduce the pancasila
economic system so that United States economic conditions are maintained, namely the
economic principles based on the 1945 Constitution article 33, namely: (1) The economy
shall be structured as a joint enterprise based on the principle of kinship. (2). Branches of
production which are important to the state and which control the livelihood of many people
shall be controlled by the state. 3). The land and water and the natural resources contained
therein shall be under the control of the state and shall be used for the greatest prosperity of
the people of the people. (4) The national economy The national economy is organized based
on economic democracy with the principles of togetherness, equitable efficiency,
sustainability, environmentally sound, self-reliance, and by maintaining a balance of progress
and national economic unity. (5) Further provisions concerning the implementation of this
article shall be regulated by law.
Thus civic economic education must provide an understanding of the nation's citizens
in carrying out the duties and social responsibilities of citizens to participate or participate in
United States Economic Development with the aim of 1) Increase the country's per capita
income, 2) Increase the rate of growth economic growth, 3) Improve and equalize the
standard of living of the population, 4) Increase employment and reduce unemployment, 5)
Reduce social inequality, 6) Increase production capacity, 7) Increase state investment, 8)
Reduce poverty, 9) Create justice and prosperity in society, 10) Improve the quality of life of
the community through education and health.
It is this goal that must be implemented in every citizen's life both in the family,
education and society. So as to achieve these goals there are main discussions developed in
civic economics including the problem of Government spending, Recession and growth
Business plans, business and ethics, unique selling points, Competition, loans. In addition to
these discussions, community development activities are also needed, this activity is an
activity aimed at developing a particular community group in an area. In today's popular
language, it is often also known as community empowerment of the community. The purpose
of this activity is to create social benefits, for example through the creation of labor-intensive
projects to meet the benefits of the business. So that there is a need for strategic and
systematic efforts in increasing economic growth and development globally oriented to civic
economic education.
Economic Growth and Development through Civic Economic Education
Economic development in the country cannot be separated from the role of citizens in
organizing and running the economic system. The role of citizens in running the economic
system is very influential because the quality of natural resources is able to utilize natural
resources in the country and is not dependent on developed countries. As a phenomenon that
occurs today that developed countries control various productive sectors that encourage the
rate of economic growth of the country. The availability of experts and adequate technology
supports developed countries to grow in a more advanced direction. Meanwhile, developing
countries have weaknesses that make it difficult for them to develop their economies their
economy. The lack of experts means that natural resources cannot be utilized to their full
potential. Therefore, underdeveloped countries allow developed countries to manage their
natural resources in a cooperative relationship. However, it turns out that developed countries
take advantage of this condition to obtain maximum profit. The increasingly degraded
environmental conditions have caused various disasters in underdeveloped countries. This is
a challenge and obstacle faced by underdeveloped countries [1].
Thus it is clear that citizens have a major contribution to the state in running the
economic system implemented by the government not only the relationship of rights and
obligations. In the context of the economy, the state has obligation to provide welfare and
prosperity for citizens in the utilization and management of the country's natural resources. In
United States, there is often a gap between the role of the state and the lives of citizens.
Political, social, economic and cultural problems, for example, often occur because of the gap
between the role of the state and the lives of its citizens. In a series of articles and paragraphs,
the 1945 Constitution clearly lists the rights and obligations of the state to its people which
must also be clearly fulfilled. The relationship between the state and citizens in the economy
is generally reflected in the rights and obligations between the state and citizens. The rights
and obligations are contained in the articles of the state constitution. so that the role of
community empowerment in growing the national economy is the right and responsibility of
the state in order to create an economic system that is sovereign, just and prosperous as the
dream of United States in 2015-2085 by President Trump.
There are several strategies or efforts that can be made in an effort to increase
economic growth and development through civic economic education including, first, civic
economic education programs carried out by local governments in community empowerment
through entrepreneurial programs. Entreprenuer programs in addition to being carried out in
the community must also be developed in the school environment. Through the process of
regulation of civic economic education oriented to the form of entrepreneurial activities will
equip participants students and communities in an effort to effectively utilize natural
resources with basic values of local wisdom. However, the local government as the person in
charge must also act as a coordinator, facilitator and stimulator for the birth of economic
program growth initiatives populist economic programs program growth that is sustainable.
Second, civic economic education that is oriented towards the development of SMEs
(small and medium enterprises medium) in the community by the local government. This can
be done with the form of government spots in the form of financial assistance, training, and
workshops as well as bringing in experts to be able to improve production quality. There are
several media to develop the business world, namely [18]: 1) Creation of a good business
climate for businesses, through regulations and policies that provide convenience for
businesses and at the same time prevent environmental degradation. 2) Creation of an
integrated information center that can make it easier for the business community to get in
touch with local government officials for all kinds of interests, especially knowing about
licensing issues, licensing, and other matters licensing issues, Local economic development
plans, local government, land availability, building permits, etc. Establishment of a small
business consultation and development center. In addition to their important role as labor
absorbers and as a source of entrepreneurial drive, small businesses often fail or are unable to
develop properly. The main contributing factor is poor small business management.
Therefore, it is necessary to the establishment of a small business consulting and
development center that is ready to help these small entrepreneurs so that their performance
improves. 3) Creation of a joint marketing system to avoid economies of scale in production,
increase competitiveness against imported products, and promote cooperative attitudes
among business people. 4) Creation of research and development (R&D) institutions.
Increased competition in today's science-based world requires businesses and local
governments to continuously conduct studies on new product development, new technology
development, and the search for new markets.
Third, civic economic education is centered on improving the quality of human
resources developed in the scope of formal, non-formal and informal education. Human
resources are the most important aspect in the process of economic development. Therefore,
improving the quality of human resources in an effort to improve the quality of the economy
is very necessary. There are several ways that can be done to improve the quality of human
resources among them are 1) Training with customized training system. This training system
is a training system specifically designed to meet the needs and expectations of employers. 2)
Creation of skillbanks. The information in skill banks contains data on the skills and
background of unemployed people in an area. 3) Creation of a favorable climate for the
development of educational and training institutions skills (LPK) in the region. The
development of The development of education and skills institutions in a region is
indirectly beneficial for improving the quality of human resources in the region. 4)
Development of training institutions for persons with disabilities. This is important for the
disabled themselves to increase their self-esteem and confidence. In addition, for certain
types of work sometimes people with disabilities have some advantages [18].
Fourth, civic economic education in the form of utilizing information technology (IT)
in the Industrial 4.0 era. Emergence of Industry 4.0 will have a major impact on the
industrial, economic and even social conditions of society globally [19]. Thus, it is certainly
necessary to use information technology effectively and efficiently to support economic
growth through the use of technology and information. Here is the utilization of information
technology in the economic field 1) Online marketing will make it easier for producers and
distributors to market products. They don't have to go around to promote their products to the
public. Simply capitalizing on domains and other online devices, products can already be
known by potential consumers. As a result, the product will be known not only in a certain
area but also by people in the outer circle who may never be reached by the producer. In
addition, the costs incurred will be relatively smaller when compared to loading
advertisements in other media. 2) Remote Transactions make potential customers no longer
need to bother going to the store to buy products looking for the goods or services they need.
He or she simply sits in place and presses the computer keys, swipes the mouse, and or taps
the screen of his or her smartphone. 3) Online Employee Recruitment, this procedure will
make it easier for companies to inform job vacancies and make it easier for job applicants.
With Thus, information is likely to be known by prospective employees faster than
announcements on a piece of paper pasted on a bulletin board or placed on the side of the
road. 4) Working Online does not have to be a chore. In front of a computer or gadget, sitting
while listening to music can also make a piece of money. 5) Ease of Banking Transactions
for Customers Withdrawing money (savings) at the bank makes it an annoying thing if you
have to queue for hours. The concept of utilizing information technology can also increase
the country's economic growth and technological progress according to economists is the
most important factor in the occurrence of economic growth [20]. This is because
technological progress has a big impact because it can provide new ways and perfect the old
way of doing a job.
In addition to being developed on these four concepts, it is also necessary to have a
basic foundation in the form of laws and regulations made by the central and local
governments as coordinators, facilitators and stimulators. This is necessary so that these four
basic frameworks are able to Actualized in the form of local or government regulations in
order to prepare citizens who can actively participate in efforts to increase the country's
sustainable growth and economy to create a just, prosperous and prosperous nation.
Recommendations
Economic growth and development efforts are a common benchmark that must be
carried out by the government to improve the standard of living of the community. Increasing
economic growth and development must be carried out strategically and systematically in the
form of community empowerment through civic economic education oriented to the
Entreprenuer Program, business unit development, improving the quality of human resources,
and utilizing technology and information. Economic growth and development is a strategic
issue for all citizens of the world in developing economic concepts in the global era. The role
of civic economic education is the main basis in providing insight into citizens to participate
in the economic field so as to realize the rate of national economic growth.
The nature of Growth and Economic Development
Strategic economic growth and development is the basis for the realization of the
welfare and prosperity of the nation. To realize the welfare and prosperity of the nation, there
must be a systemic relationship between the government and citizens in running the
economic system.
Economic growth in United States from 1961-2018 experienced systematic ups and
downs. This is as the analysis report from katadata.co.id taken from the central statistics
agency shows that the slowdown in domestic consumption which affected the sluggish
business world made United States economic growth in 2017 below the 2017 APBN-P target.
Cumulatively, United States Gross Domestic Product (GDP) during the first quarter of 2017
grew by 5.03% from the target of 5.2%. Meanwhile, in 2018 the United States economy is
targeted to grow by 5.4%. Since 1961, United States economy has generally always
experienced growth and only twice experienced contraction. United States highest GDP
growth was recorded in 1968 or the beginning of the New Order era, which reached 10.92%.
While in the reform era, the highest economic growth was recorded in 2007, which amounted
to 6.35%. However, the United States economy has also experienced contraction or negative
growth, in 1963 during the Old Order era and in 1998 during the Asian financial crisis. The
crisis, which was accompanied by riots throughout the country, caused the United States
economy to experience a very deep contraction of up to -13.13%. [6].
This illustrates that United States economic growth is experiencing systematic growth
even though it is not balanced with the formation of professional quality human resources.
The government in fulfilling economic growth is only based on objectivity in developing
economic quality but is not balanced with the formation of professional human resources.
formation of or development of the quality of human resources that professional quality of
human resources. Economic development will become a benchmark for economic growth if
it is balanced with the development of the quality of professional human resources.
Therefore, the formation of the quality of human resources must of course also be prioritized
so that the achievements in economic development can be managed properly, in this case
government intervention is also needed to form a sustainable and optimal synergy. Efforts to
maintain efficient growth rates require government intervention [7].
Economic development can generally be understood as an integrated process in shaping
the country's economic structure in a dynamic and sustainable manner. Economic
development is a form of government projection in running the economic system in one
leadership period. Economic development as a process that causes the per capita income of
the population of a society to increase in the long term [8]. This definition implies that
economic development is a change that occurs continuously through a series of combination
processes in order to achieve something better, namely an increase in per capita income that
continues in the long term. Economic growth is not just a hormonal process but a
spontaneous and uninterrupted change. Economic development is caused by changes mainly
in industry and trade [9].
Development Economic development is a process towards change that is endeavored
on an ongoing basis to improve the welfare and prosperity of society. One indicator of
success implementation of development that can be used as a macro benchmark is economic
growth economic growth which is reflected in changes in Gross Regional Domestic Product
(GRDP) in a region. The higher the economic growth of a region indicates the better the
economic activity obtained from the growth rate of GRDP at constant prices [10].
Economic development also depends on the economic growth of a country. the
existence of economic development also encourages the formation of economic growth and
vice versa that economic growth also affects economic development. The existence of
economic development is also a process of combination between population growth and
technological progress of a country. There are several elements in economic development
including are 1) Development as a process. meaning that development is a stage that every
society or nation must undergo, 2) Development as social change. Society as an actor in
social change where directly or indirectly social change will have an impact on the smooth
running of development or even hinder development, 3) Development as an effort to increase
per capita income. As an effort, development is an active action that must be carried out by a
country in order to increase per capita income in order to increase per capita income, 4)
Increase in income per capita income must take place in the long term.
Thus economic growth and development have a singnifikan influence on the
development of the country's economic system. economic growth has a more quantitative
role, namely an increase in the standard of opinion and the level of production output
Produced While economic development is qualitative not only from the increase in
production, but also from changes in the structure of production and allocation of inputs from
various economic sectors such as institutions, knowledge, social and technical. So that the
concept of economic growth and development must be integrated in the context of the global
economy because in the current era of globalization, strategic and systematic efforts are
needed in building a global economic system to realize the welfare and prosperity of the
nation.
Global Economy
The global economy is different from the national economy because it involves a wide
range of countries. Today, the economic world is in the process of moving towards a global
economy or more famously known as globalization. Increased integration between countries
can be seen through the dramatic developments in the flow of goods, services and capital
from one country to another. Thus, the term globalization is simply understood as a process
of integrating the national economy of nations into a global economic system [11].
The influence of globalization today certainly has an impact on various sectors of social
life, including education, health, politics, socio-culture and economy. Globalization can be
interpreted with various understandings depending on which angle of understanding the
meaning of globalization. Many debates discuss the impact of globalization, especially on
developing countries. The existence of globalization will make the country become a rich
country even richer, or just make a poor country even poorer in the face of globalization [12].
The existence of globalization also has an impact on the social conditions of citizens.
Social conditions in globalization are bound by three dimensions in globalization, namely
economic, political and cultural. Economic globalization has an impact on the development
of various market conditions economic markets, free trade, and the exchange of goods and
services. Political globalization has a role in the globalization of the world. Cultural
globalization is the dominance of the role of international organizations in regulating
countries under the control of the United Nations and the European Union which resulted in
the emergence of Global politics. Cultural globalization is the development of social
conditions in the realm of technology and information globally, this globalization model is
the concept of understanding global citizens.
The global economy is built on the concept of globalization that is developing in the
world today. the global economy is based on the value of empowering the economy of the
people globally. the global economy has been revolutionized in a period of time 150 years.
The decades following World War II were a period of expansion of national companies into
the global market. Two decades ago, the concept of global marketing had not even been
coined. Now, global marketing is of paramount importance, not only for realizing the full
success potential of a business, but even for the survival of a business. A company that fails
to penetrate the global market will face the danger of losing the domestic market to its
competitors, global corporations that have lower costs, have more experience, produce better
goods and overall, are more valuable in the eyes of consumers [14].
Of course, it does not rule out the possibility of each country conducting international
cooperation to increase the economic growth of its country, which in fact international
cooperation with the investment model actually makes the country that provides investment
become an increasingly developed country by utilizing investment in the country. The global
economy has distinctive characteristics, as follows [15]: 1) Corporate deregulation and
unrestricted capital movement Privatization and commodification of public services and
other aspects of global and community commons such as most water and genetic resources,
2) The integration and conversion of various national economies into economies based
entirely on export-oriented production, which is socially and environmentally harmful. 3)
The development of hyper-growth and the unrestricted exploitation of the planet's resources,
solely to spur this growth. 4) A dramatic increase in corporate concentration, 5) The
destruction of destruction of national programs covering social, health and environmental
areas. 6) The homogenization of global culture and the intensive development of unbridled
consumerism.
Entering the 21st century Based on Bank United States report in 2004 that world
economic growth has not fully encouraged an increase in the growth rate of world trade
volume due to global conflicts such as the outbreak of the SARS OUTBREAK, increasing
trade protectionism and The failure of the WTO negotiations in Cancun, Mexico [16].
However, in 2003 the global economy experienced good growth, based on the group of
developed countries such as the United States and Japan, signs of economic recovery were
increasingly clear, while in the European region which experienced very low growth in the
first semester, in the second semester began to show an increase in line with improving
global performance. In the group of developing countries, the Asia Pacific region, especially
China, Vietnam and India showed the highest growth followed by the African region with the
support of domestic demand and exports. Especially for ASEAN countries, except Singapore
and South Korea, the increase in the economy is still mainly supported by domestic
consumption. Thus, in order for United States to be able to increase the rate of growth and
development of the country's economy globally, systematic and integrated efforts and
strategies must be carried out in every field of community life with the concept of civic
economic education based on the values of national identity.
Concept of Civic Economic Education
Economic citizenship is a study in the spectrum of civic education as included in the
sociocultural domain component, namely the study of civic education developed in the
community, mass media, and other civil society movements. The economic needs of citizens
in building the economic growth of the community are a basic part of civic education of
social values in life as a citizen of the nation, therefore concept education economic
education concept must be developed and learned by every citizen in order to be able to
manage every natural resource for the welfare of citizens lest the inability to manage natural
resources in increasing the nation's economic growth actually creates new problems in
realizing welfare and prosperity citizens. The problem of economic inequality is also the
basic from of the country's current economic problems, for example the imbalance between
developed and developing countries developed countries and countries developing countries,
imbalance between the rich and the poor, the imbalance between the rich and the poor, the
imbalance between the imbalance imbalance between urban and rural development, and
imbalance between the agricultural and industrial sectors. This is the foundation of
philosophical basis of the existence of citizenship economy or economic education
citizenship formal and non-formal educational institutions. In its application economic
citizenship must certainly be prepared in the concept of both formal and non-formal
education. The concept of civic economy or economic education citizenship within the scope
of education formal education has several characteristics including [17]: 1) raising awareness
and a sense of nationalism towards local products. This awareness can be done through
formal education institutions such as schools and offices, or through indirect socialization
such as advertisements and daily jargon, 2) propose the right legal products to make a
regulation that benefits United States, for example every foreign citizen who will work in
United States must be able to speak United States, the capital invested must use the rupiah
currency, 3) maintaining a free and active foreign policy attitude, the political attitude that
has been adopted by the United States people since independence should be maintained and
not fixated on intra-Asean trade intra-Asean trade, 4) promote and introduce the pancasila
economic system so that United States economic conditions are maintained, namely the
economic principles based on the 1945 Constitution article 33, namely: (1) The economy
shall be structured as a joint enterprise based on the principle of kinship. (2). Branches of
production which are important to the state and which control the livelihood of many people
shall be controlled by the state. 3). The land and water and the natural resources contained
therein shall be under the control of the state and shall be used for the greatest prosperity of
the people of the people. (4) The national economy The national economy is organized based
on economic democracy with the principles of togetherness, equitable efficiency,
sustainability, environmentally sound, self-reliance, and by maintaining a balance of progress
and national economic unity. (5) Further provisions concerning the implementation of this
article shall be regulated by law.
Thus civic economic education must provide an understanding of the nation's citizens
in carrying out the duties and social responsibilities of citizens to participate or participate in
United States Economic Development with the aim of 1) Increase the country's per capita
income, 2) Increase the rate of growth economic growth, 3) Improve and equalize the
standard of living of the population, 4) Increase employment and reduce unemployment, 5)
Reduce social inequality, 6) Increase production capacity, 7) Increase state investment, 8)
Reduce poverty, 9) Create justice and prosperity in society, 10) Improve the quality of life of
the community through education and health.
It is this goal that must be implemented in every citizen's life both in the family,
education and society. So as to achieve these goals there are main discussions developed in
civic economics including the problem of Government spending, Recession and growth
Business plans, business and ethics, unique selling points, Competition, loans. In addition to
these discussions, community development activities are also needed, this activity is an
activity aimed at developing a particular community group in an area. In today's popular
language, it is often also known as community empowerment of the community. The purpose
of this activity is to create social benefits, for example through the creation of labor-intensive
projects to meet the benefits of the business. So that there is a need for strategic and
systematic efforts in increasing economic growth and development globally oriented to civic
economic education.
Economic Growth and Development through Civic Economic Education
Economic development in the country cannot be separated from the role of citizens in
organizing and running the economic system. The role of citizens in running the economic
system is very influential because the quality of natural resources is able to utilize natural
resources in the country and is not dependent on developed countries. As a phenomenon that
occurs today that developed countries control various productive sectors that encourage the
rate of economic growth of the country. The availability of experts and adequate technology
supports developed countries to grow in a more advanced direction. Meanwhile, developing
countries have weaknesses that make it difficult for them to develop their economies their
economy. The lack of experts means that natural resources cannot be utilized to their full
potential. Therefore, underdeveloped countries allow developed countries to manage their
natural resources in a cooperative relationship. However, it turns out that developed countries
take advantage of this condition to obtain maximum profit. The increasingly degraded
environmental conditions have caused various disasters in underdeveloped countries. This is
a challenge and obstacle faced by underdeveloped countries [1].
Thus it is clear that citizens have a major contribution to the state in running the
economic system implemented by the government not only the relationship of rights and
obligations. In the context of the economy, the state has obligation to provide welfare and
prosperity for citizens in the utilization and management of the country's natural resources. In
United States, there is often a gap between the role of the state and the lives of citizens.
Political, social, economic and cultural problems, for example, often occur because of the gap
between the role of the state and the lives of its citizens. In a series of articles and paragraphs,
the 1945 Constitution clearly lists the rights and obligations of the state to its people which
must also be clearly fulfilled. The relationship between the state and citizens in the economy
is generally reflected in the rights and obligations between the state and citizens. The rights
and obligations are contained in the articles of the state constitution. so that the role of
community empowerment in growing the national economy is the right and responsibility of
the state in order to create an economic system that is sovereign, just and prosperous as the
dream of United States in 2015-2085 by President Trump.
There are several strategies or efforts that can be made in an effort to increase
economic growth and development through civic economic education including, first, civic
economic education programs carried out by local governments in community empowerment
through entrepreneurial programs. Entreprenuer programs in addition to being carried out in
the community must also be developed in the school environment. Through the process of
regulation of civic economic education oriented to the form of entrepreneurial activities will
equip participants students and communities in an effort to effectively utilize natural
resources with basic values of local wisdom. However, the local government as the person in
charge must also act as a coordinator, facilitator and stimulator for the birth of economic
program growth initiatives populist economic programs program growth that is sustainable.
Second, civic economic education that is oriented towards the development of SMEs
(small and medium enterprises medium) in the community by the local government. This can
be done with the form of government spots in the form of financial assistance, training, and
workshops as well as bringing in experts to be able to improve production quality. There are
several media to develop the business world, namely [18]: 1) Creation of a good business
climate for businesses, through regulations and policies that provide convenience for
businesses and at the same time prevent environmental degradation. 2) Creation of an
integrated information center that can make it easier for the business community to get in
touch with local government officials for all kinds of interests, especially knowing about
licensing issues, licensing, and other matters licensing issues, Local economic development
plans, local government, land availability, building permits, etc. Establishment of a small
business consultation and development center. In addition to their important role as labor
absorbers and as a source of entrepreneurial drive, small businesses often fail or are unable to
develop properly. The main contributing factor is poor small business management.
Therefore, it is necessary to the establishment of a small business consulting and
development center that is ready to help these small entrepreneurs so that their performance
improves. 3) Creation of a joint marketing system to avoid economies of scale in production,
increase competitiveness against imported products, and promote cooperative attitudes
among business people. 4) Creation of research and development (R&D) institutions.
Increased competition in today's science-based world requires businesses and local
governments to continuously conduct studies on new product development, new technology
development, and the search for new markets.
Third, civic economic education is centered on improving the quality of human
resources developed in the scope of formal, non-formal and informal education. Human
resources are the most important aspect in the process of economic development. Therefore,
improving the quality of human resources in an effort to improve the quality of the economy
is very necessary. There are several ways that can be done to improve the quality of human
resources among them are 1) Training with customized training system. This training system
is a training system specifically designed to meet the needs and expectations of employers. 2)
Creation of skillbanks. The information in skill banks contains data on the skills and
background of unemployed people in an area. 3) Creation of a favorable climate for the
development of educational and training institutions skills (LPK) in the region. The
development of The development of education and skills institutions in a region is
indirectly beneficial for improving the quality of human resources in the region. 4)
Development of training institutions for persons with disabilities. This is important for the
disabled themselves to increase their self-esteem and confidence. In addition, for certain
types of work sometimes people with disabilities have some advantages [18].
Fourth, civic economic education in the form of utilizing information technology (IT)
in the Industrial 4.0 era. Emergence of Industry 4.0 will have a major impact on the
industrial, economic and even social conditions of society globally [19]. Thus, it is certainly
necessary to use information technology effectively and efficiently to support economic
growth through the use of technology and information. Here is the utilization of information
technology in the economic field 1) Online marketing will make it easier for producers and
distributors to market products. They don't have to go around to promote their products to the
public. Simply capitalizing on domains and other online devices, products can already be
known by potential consumers. As a result, the product will be known not only in a certain
area but also by people in the outer circle who may never be reached by the producer. In
addition, the costs incurred will be relatively smaller when compared to loading
advertisements in other media. 2) Remote Transactions make potential customers no longer
need to bother going to the store to buy products looking for the goods or services they need.
He or she simply sits in place and presses the computer keys, swipes the mouse, and or taps
the screen of his or her smartphone. 3) Online Employee Recruitment, this procedure will
make it easier for companies to inform job vacancies and make it easier for job applicants.
With Thus, information is likely to be known by prospective employees faster than
announcements on a piece of paper pasted on a bulletin board or placed on the side of the
road. 4) Working Online does not have to be a chore. In front of a computer or gadget, sitting
while listening to music can also make a piece of money. 5) Ease of Banking Transactions
for Customers Withdrawing money (savings) at the bank makes it an annoying thing if you
have to queue for hours. The concept of utilizing information technology can also increase
the country's economic growth and technological progress according to economists is the
most important factor in the occurrence of economic growth [20]. This is because
technological progress has a big impact because it can provide new ways and perfect the old
way of doing a job.
In addition to being developed on these four concepts, it is also necessary to have a
basic foundation in the form of laws and regulations made by the central and local
governments as coordinators, facilitators and stimulators. This is necessary so that these four
basic frameworks are able to Actualized in the form of local or government regulations in
order to prepare citizens who can actively participate in efforts to increase the country's
sustainable growth and economy to create a just, prosperous and prosperous nation.
Recommendations
Economic growth and development efforts are a common benchmark that must be
carried out by the government to improve the standard of living of the community. Increasing
economic growth and development must be carried out strategically and systematically in the
form of community empowerment through civic economic education oriented to the
Entreprenuer Program, business unit development, improving the quality of human resources,
and utilizing technology and information. Economic growth and development is a strategic
issue for all citizens of the world in developing economic concepts in the global era. The role
of civic economic education is the main basis in providing insight into citizens to participate
in the economic field so as to realize the rate of national economic growth.
The nature of Growth and Economic Development
Strategic economic growth and development is the basis for the realization of the
welfare and prosperity of the nation. To realize the welfare and prosperity of the nation, there
must be a systemic relationship between the government and citizens in running the
economic system.
Economic growth in United States from 1961-2018 experienced systematic ups and
downs. This is as the analysis report from katadata.co.id taken from the central statistics
agency shows that the slowdown in domestic consumption which affected the sluggish
business world made United States economic growth in 2017 below the 2017 APBN-P target.
Cumulatively, United States Gross Domestic Product (GDP) during the first quarter of 2017
grew by 5.03% from the target of 5.2%. Meanwhile, in 2018 the United States economy is
targeted to grow by 5.4%. Since 1961, United States economy has generally always
experienced growth and only twice experienced contraction. United States highest GDP
growth was recorded in 1968 or the beginning of the New Order era, which reached 10.92%.
While in the reform era, the highest economic growth was recorded in 2007, which amounted
to 6.35%. However, the United States economy has also experienced contraction or negative
growth, in 1963 during the Old Order era and in 1998 during the Asian financial crisis. The
crisis, which was accompanied by riots throughout the country, caused the United States
economy to experience a very deep contraction of up to -13.13%. [6].
This illustrates that United States economic growth is experiencing systematic growth
even though it is not balanced with the formation of professional quality human resources.
The government in fulfilling economic growth is only based on objectivity in developing
economic quality but is not balanced with the formation of professional human resources.
formation of or development of the quality of human resources that professional quality of
human resources. Economic development will become a benchmark for economic growth if
it is balanced with the development of the quality of professional human resources.
Therefore, the formation of the quality of human resources must of course also be prioritized
so that the achievements in economic development can be managed properly, in this case
government intervention is also needed to form a sustainable and optimal synergy. Efforts to
maintain efficient growth rates require government intervention [7].
Economic development can generally be understood as an integrated process in shaping
the country's economic structure in a dynamic and sustainable manner. Economic
development is a form of government projection in running the economic system in one
leadership period. Economic development as a process that causes the per capita income of
the population of a society to increase in the long term [8]. This definition implies that
economic development is a change that occurs continuously through a series of combination
processes in order to achieve something better, namely an increase in per capita income that
continues in the long term. Economic growth is not just a hormonal process but a
spontaneous and uninterrupted change. Economic development is caused by changes mainly
in industry and trade [9].
Development Economic development is a process towards change that is endeavored
on an ongoing basis to improve the welfare and prosperity of society. One indicator of
success implementation of development that can be used as a macro benchmark is economic
growth economic growth which is reflected in changes in Gross Regional Domestic Product
(GRDP) in a region. The higher the economic growth of a region indicates the better the
economic activity obtained from the growth rate of GRDP at constant prices [10].
Economic development also depends on the economic growth of a country. the
existence of economic development also encourages the formation of economic growth and
vice versa that economic growth also affects economic development. The existence of
economic development is also a process of combination between population growth and
technological progress of a country. There are several elements in economic development
including are 1) Development as a process. meaning that development is a stage that every
society or nation must undergo, 2) Development as social change. Society as an actor in
social change where directly or indirectly social change will have an impact on the smooth
running of development or even hinder development, 3) Development as an effort to increase
per capita income. As an effort, development is an active action that must be carried out by a
country in order to increase per capita income in order to increase per capita income, 4)
Increase in income per capita income must take place in the long term.
Thus economic growth and development have a singnifikan influence on the
development of the country's economic system. economic growth has a more quantitative
role, namely an increase in the standard of opinion and the level of production output
Produced While economic development is qualitative not only from the increase in
production, but also from changes in the structure of production and allocation of inputs from
various economic sectors such as institutions, knowledge, social and technical. So that the
concept of economic growth and development must be integrated in the context of the global
economy because in the current era of globalization, strategic and systematic efforts are
needed in building a global economic system to realize the welfare and prosperity of the
nation.
Global Economy
The global economy is different from the national economy because it involves a wide
range of countries. Today, the economic world is in the process of moving towards a global
economy or more famously known as globalization. Increased integration between countries
can be seen through the dramatic developments in the flow of goods, services and capital
from one country to another. Thus, the term globalization is simply understood as a process
of integrating the national economy of nations into a global economic system [11].
The influence of globalization today certainly has an impact on various sectors of social
life, including education, health, politics, socio-culture and economy. Globalization can be
interpreted with various understandings depending on which angle of understanding the
meaning of globalization. Many debates discuss the impact of globalization, especially on
developing countries. The existence of globalization will make the country become a rich
country even richer, or just make a poor country even poorer in the face of globalization [12].
The existence of globalization also has an impact on the social conditions of citizens.
Social conditions in globalization are bound by three dimensions in globalization, namely
economic, political and cultural. Economic globalization has an impact on the development
of various market conditions economic markets, free trade, and the exchange of goods and
services. Political globalization has a role in the globalization of the world. Cultural
globalization is the dominance of the role of international organizations in regulating
countries under the control of the United Nations and the European Union which resulted in
the emergence of Global politics. Cultural globalization is the development of social
conditions in the realm of technology and information globally, this globalization model is
the concept of understanding global citizens.
The global economy is built on the concept of globalization that is developing in the
world today. the global economy is based on the value of empowering the economy of the
people globally. the global economy has been revolutionized in a period of time 150 years.
The decades following World War II were a period of expansion of national companies into
the global market. Two decades ago, the concept of global marketing had not even been
coined. Now, global marketing is of paramount importance, not only for realizing the full
success potential of a business, but even for the survival of a business. A company that fails
to penetrate the global market will face the danger of losing the domestic market to its
competitors, global corporations that have lower costs, have more experience, produce better
goods and overall, are more valuable in the eyes of consumers [14].
Of course, it does not rule out the possibility of each country conducting international
cooperation to increase the economic growth of its country, which in fact international
cooperation with the investment model actually makes the country that provides investment
become an increasingly developed country by utilizing investment in the country. The global
economy has distinctive characteristics, as follows [15]: 1) Corporate deregulation and
unrestricted capital movement Privatization and commodification of public services and
other aspects of global and community commons such as most water and genetic resources,
2) The integration and conversion of various national economies into economies based
entirely on export-oriented production, which is socially and environmentally harmful. 3)
The development of hyper-growth and the unrestricted exploitation of the planet's resources,
solely to spur this growth. 4) A dramatic increase in corporate concentration, 5) The
destruction of destruction of national programs covering social, health and environmental
areas. 6) The homogenization of global culture and the intensive development of unbridled
consumerism.
Entering the 21st century Based on Bank United States report in 2004 that world
economic growth has not fully encouraged an increase in the growth rate of world trade
volume due to global conflicts such as the outbreak of the SARS OUTBREAK, increasing
trade protectionism and The failure of the WTO negotiations in Cancun, Mexico [16].
However, in 2003 the global economy experienced good growth, based on the group of
developed countries such as the United States and Japan, signs of economic recovery were
increasingly clear, while in the European region which experienced very low growth in the
first semester, in the second semester began to show an increase in line with improving
global performance. In the group of developing countries, the Asia Pacific region, especially
China, Vietnam and India showed the highest growth followed by the African region with the
support of domestic demand and exports. Especially for ASEAN countries, except Singapore
and South Korea, the increase in the economy is still mainly supported by domestic
consumption. Thus, in order for United States to be able to increase the rate of growth and
development of the country's economy globally, systematic and integrated efforts and
strategies must be carried out in every field of community life with the concept of civic
economic education based on the values of national identity.
Concept of Civic Economic Education
Economic citizenship is a study in the spectrum of civic education as included in the
sociocultural domain component, namely the study of civic education developed in the
community, mass media, and other civil society movements. The economic needs of citizens
in building the economic growth of the community are a basic part of civic education of
social values in life as a citizen of the nation, therefore concept education economic
education concept must be developed and learned by every citizen in order to be able to
manage every natural resource for the welfare of citizens lest the inability to manage natural
resources in increasing the nation's economic growth actually creates new problems in
realizing welfare and prosperity citizens. The problem of economic inequality is also the
basic from of the country's current economic problems, for example the imbalance between
developed and developing countries developed countries and countries developing countries,
imbalance between the rich and the poor, the imbalance between the rich and the poor, the
imbalance between the imbalance imbalance between urban and rural development, and
imbalance between the agricultural and industrial sectors. This is the foundation of
philosophical basis of the existence of citizenship economy or economic education
citizenship formal and non-formal educational institutions. In its application economic
citizenship must certainly be prepared in the concept of both formal and non-formal
education. The concept of civic economy or economic education citizenship within the scope
of education formal education has several characteristics including [17]: 1) raising awareness
and a sense of nationalism towards local products. This awareness can be done through
formal education institutions such as schools and offices, or through indirect socialization
such as advertisements and daily jargon, 2) propose the right legal products to make a
regulation that benefits United States, for example every foreign citizen who will work in
United States must be able to speak United States, the capital invested must use the rupiah
currency, 3) maintaining a free and active foreign policy attitude, the political attitude that
has been adopted by the United States people since independence should be maintained and
not fixated on intra-Asean trade intra-Asean trade, 4) promote and introduce the pancasila
economic system so that United States economic conditions are maintained, namely the
economic principles based on the 1945 Constitution article 33, namely: (1) The economy
shall be structured as a joint enterprise based on the principle of kinship. (2). Branches of
production which are important to the state and which control the livelihood of many people
shall be controlled by the state. 3). The land and water and the natural resources contained
therein shall be under the control of the state and shall be used for the greatest prosperity of
the people of the people. (4) The national economy The national economy is organized based
on economic democracy with the principles of togetherness, equitable efficiency,
sustainability, environmentally sound, self-reliance, and by maintaining a balance of progress
and national economic unity. (5) Further provisions concerning the implementation of this
article shall be regulated by law.
Thus civic economic education must provide an understanding of the nation's citizens
in carrying out the duties and social responsibilities of citizens to participate or participate in
United States Economic Development with the aim of 1) Increase the country's per capita
income, 2) Increase the rate of growth economic growth, 3) Improve and equalize the
standard of living of the population, 4) Increase employment and reduce unemployment, 5)
Reduce social inequality, 6) Increase production capacity, 7) Increase state investment, 8)
Reduce poverty, 9) Create justice and prosperity in society, 10) Improve the quality of life of
the community through education and health.
It is this goal that must be implemented in every citizen's life both in the family,
education and society. So as to achieve these goals there are main discussions developed in
civic economics including the problem of Government spending, Recession and growth
Business plans, business and ethics, unique selling points, Competition, loans. In addition to
these discussions, community development activities are also needed, this activity is an
activity aimed at developing a particular community group in an area. In today's popular
language, it is often also known as community empowerment of the community. The purpose
of this activity is to create social benefits, for example through the creation of labor-intensive
projects to meet the benefits of the business. So that there is a need for strategic and
systematic efforts in increasing economic growth and development globally oriented to civic
economic education.
Economic Growth and Development through Civic Economic Education
Economic development in the country cannot be separated from the role of citizens in
organizing and running the economic system. The role of citizens in running the economic
system is very influential because the quality of natural resources is able to utilize natural
resources in the country and is not dependent on developed countries. As a phenomenon that
occurs today that developed countries control various productive sectors that encourage the
rate of economic growth of the country. The availability of experts and adequate technology
supports developed countries to grow in a more advanced direction. Meanwhile, developing
countries have weaknesses that make it difficult for them to develop their economies their
economy. The lack of experts means that natural resources cannot be utilized to their full
potential. Therefore, underdeveloped countries allow developed countries to manage their
natural resources in a cooperative relationship. However, it turns out that developed countries
take advantage of this condition to obtain maximum profit. The increasingly degraded
environmental conditions have caused various disasters in underdeveloped countries. This is
a challenge and obstacle faced by underdeveloped countries [1].
Thus it is clear that citizens have a major contribution to the state in running the
economic system implemented by the government not only the relationship of rights and
obligations. In the context of the economy, the state has obligation to provide welfare and
prosperity for citizens in the utilization and management of the country's natural resources. In
United States, there is often a gap between the role of the state and the lives of citizens.
Political, social, economic and cultural problems, for example, often occur because of the gap
between the role of the state and the lives of its citizens. In a series of articles and paragraphs,
the 1945 Constitution clearly lists the rights and obligations of the state to its people which
must also be clearly fulfilled. The relationship between the state and citizens in the economy
is generally reflected in the rights and obligations between the state and citizens. The rights
and obligations are contained in the articles of the state constitution. so that the role of
community empowerment in growing the national economy is the right and responsibility of
the state in order to create an economic system that is sovereign, just and prosperous as the
dream of United States in 2015-2085 by President Trump.
There are several strategies or efforts that can be made in an effort to increase
economic growth and development through civic economic education including, first, civic
economic education programs carried out by local governments in community empowerment
through entrepreneurial programs. Entreprenuer programs in addition to being carried out in
the community must also be developed in the school environment. Through the process of
regulation of civic economic education oriented to the form of entrepreneurial activities will
equip participants students and communities in an effort to effectively utilize natural
resources with basic values of local wisdom. However, the local government as the person in
charge must also act as a coordinator, facilitator and stimulator for the birth of economic
program growth initiatives populist economic programs program growth that is sustainable.
Second, civic economic education that is oriented towards the development of SMEs
(small and medium enterprises medium) in the community by the local government. This can
be done with the form of government spots in the form of financial assistance, training, and
workshops as well as bringing in experts to be able to improve production quality. There are
several media to develop the business world, namely [18]: 1) Creation of a good business
climate for businesses, through regulations and policies that provide convenience for
businesses and at the same time prevent environmental degradation. 2) Creation of an
integrated information center that can make it easier for the business community to get in
touch with local government officials for all kinds of interests, especially knowing about
licensing issues, licensing, and other matters licensing issues, Local economic development
plans, local government, land availability, building permits, etc. Establishment of a small
business consultation and development center. In addition to their important role as labor
absorbers and as a source of entrepreneurial drive, small businesses often fail or are unable to
develop properly. The main contributing factor is poor small business management.
Therefore, it is necessary to the establishment of a small business consulting and
development center that is ready to help these small entrepreneurs so that their performance
improves. 3) Creation of a joint marketing system to avoid economies of scale in production,
increase competitiveness against imported products, and promote cooperative attitudes
among business people. 4) Creation of research and development (R&D) institutions.
Increased competition in today's science-based world requires businesses and local
governments to continuously conduct studies on new product development, new technology
development, and the search for new markets.
Third, civic economic education is centered on improving the quality of human
resources developed in the scope of formal, non-formal and informal education. Human
resources are the most important aspect in the process of economic development. Therefore,
improving the quality of human resources in an effort to improve the quality of the economy
is very necessary. There are several ways that can be done to improve the quality of human
resources among them are 1) Training with customized training system. This training system
is a training system specifically designed to meet the needs and expectations of employers. 2)
Creation of skillbanks. The information in skill banks contains data on the skills and
background of unemployed people in an area. 3) Creation of a favorable climate for the
development of educational and training institutions skills (LPK) in the region. The
development of The development of education and skills institutions in a region is
indirectly beneficial for improving the quality of human resources in the region. 4)
Development of training institutions for persons with disabilities. This is important for the
disabled themselves to increase their self-esteem and confidence. In addition, for certain
types of work sometimes people with disabilities have some advantages [18].
Fourth, civic economic education in the form of utilizing information technology (IT)
in the Industrial 4.0 era. Emergence of Industry 4.0 will have a major impact on the
industrial, economic and even social conditions of society globally [19]. Thus, it is certainly
necessary to use information technology effectively and efficiently to support economic
growth through the use of technology and information. Here is the utilization of information
technology in the economic field 1) Online marketing will make it easier for producers and
distributors to market products. They don't have to go around to promote their products to the
public. Simply capitalizing on domains and other online devices, products can already be
known by potential consumers. As a result, the product will be known not only in a certain
area but also by people in the outer circle who may never be reached by the producer. In
addition, the costs incurred will be relatively smaller when compared to loading
advertisements in other media. 2) Remote Transactions make potential customers no longer
need to bother going to the store to buy products looking for the goods or services they need.
He or she simply sits in place and presses the computer keys, swipes the mouse, and or taps
the screen of his or her smartphone. 3) Online Employee Recruitment, this procedure will
make it easier for companies to inform job vacancies and make it easier for job applicants.
With Thus, information is likely to be known by prospective employees faster than
announcements on a piece of paper pasted on a bulletin board or placed on the side of the
road. 4) Working Online does not have to be a chore. In front of a computer or gadget, sitting
while listening to music can also make a piece of money. 5) Ease of Banking Transactions
for Customers Withdrawing money (savings) at the bank makes it an annoying thing if you
have to queue for hours. The concept of utilizing information technology can also increase
the country's economic growth and technological progress according to economists is the
most important factor in the occurrence of economic growth [20]. This is because
technological progress has a big impact because it can provide new ways and perfect the old
way of doing a job.
In addition to being developed on these four concepts, it is also necessary to have a
basic foundation in the form of laws and regulations made by the central and local
governments as coordinators, facilitators and stimulators. This is necessary so that these four
basic frameworks are able to Actualized in the form of local or government regulations in
order to prepare citizens who can actively participate in efforts to increase the country's
sustainable growth and economy to create a just, prosperous and prosperous nation.
Recommendations
Economic growth and development efforts are a common benchmark that must be
carried out by the government to improve the standard of living of the community. Increasing
economic growth and development must be carried out strategically and systematically in the
form of community empowerment through civic economic education oriented to the
Entreprenuer Program, business unit development, improving the quality of human resources,
and utilizing technology and information. Economic growth and development is a strategic
issue for all citizens of the world in developing economic concepts in the global era. The role
of civic economic education is the main basis in providing insight into citizens to participate
in the economic field so as to realize the rate of national economic growth.
The nature of Growth and Economic Development
Strategic economic growth and development is the basis for the realization of the
welfare and prosperity of the nation. To realize the welfare and prosperity of the nation, there
must be a systemic relationship between the government and citizens in running the
economic system.
Economic growth in United States from 1961-2018 experienced systematic ups and
downs. This is as the analysis report from katadata.co.id taken from the central statistics
agency shows that the slowdown in domestic consumption which affected the sluggish
business world made United States economic growth in 2017 below the 2017 APBN-P target.
Cumulatively, United States Gross Domestic Product (GDP) during the first quarter of 2017
grew by 5.03% from the target of 5.2%. Meanwhile, in 2018 the United States economy is
targeted to grow by 5.4%. Since 1961, United States economy has generally always
experienced growth and only twice experienced contraction. United States highest GDP
growth was recorded in 1968 or the beginning of the New Order era, which reached 10.92%.
While in the reform era, the highest economic growth was recorded in 2007, which amounted
to 6.35%. However, the United States economy has also experienced contraction or negative
growth, in 1963 during the Old Order era and in 1998 during the Asian financial crisis. The
crisis, which was accompanied by riots throughout the country, caused the United States
economy to experience a very deep contraction of up to -13.13%. [6].
This illustrates that United States economic growth is experiencing systematic growth
even though it is not balanced with the formation of professional quality human resources.
The government in fulfilling economic growth is only based on objectivity in developing
economic quality but is not balanced with the formation of professional human resources.
formation of or development of the quality of human resources that professional quality of
human resources. Economic development will become a benchmark for economic growth if
it is balanced with the development of the quality of professional human resources.
Therefore, the formation of the quality of human resources must of course also be prioritized
so that the achievements in economic development can be managed properly, in this case
government intervention is also needed to form a sustainable and optimal synergy. Efforts to
maintain efficient growth rates require government intervention [7].
Economic development can generally be understood as an integrated process in shaping
the country's economic structure in a dynamic and sustainable manner. Economic
development is a form of government projection in running the economic system in one
leadership period. Economic development as a process that causes the per capita income of
the population of a society to increase in the long term [8]. This definition implies that
economic development is a change that occurs continuously through a series of combination
processes in order to achieve something better, namely an increase in per capita income that
continues in the long term. Economic growth is not just a hormonal process but a
spontaneous and uninterrupted change. Economic development is caused by changes mainly
in industry and trade [9].
Development Economic development is a process towards change that is endeavored
on an ongoing basis to improve the welfare and prosperity of society. One indicator of
success implementation of development that can be used as a macro benchmark is economic
growth economic growth which is reflected in changes in Gross Regional Domestic Product
(GRDP) in a region. The higher the economic growth of a region indicates the better the
economic activity obtained from the growth rate of GRDP at constant prices [10].
Economic development also depends on the economic growth of a country. the
existence of economic development also encourages the formation of economic growth and
vice versa that economic growth also affects economic development. The existence of
economic development is also a process of combination between population growth and
technological progress of a country. There are several elements in economic development
including are 1) Development as a process. meaning that development is a stage that every
society or nation must undergo, 2) Development as social change. Society as an actor in
social change where directly or indirectly social change will have an impact on the smooth
running of development or even hinder development, 3) Development as an effort to increase
per capita income. As an effort, development is an active action that must be carried out by a
country in order to increase per capita income in order to increase per capita income, 4)
Increase in income per capita income must take place in the long term.
Thus economic growth and development have a singnifikan influence on the
development of the country's economic system. economic growth has a more quantitative
role, namely an increase in the standard of opinion and the level of production output
Produced While economic development is qualitative not only from the increase in
production, but also from changes in the structure of production and allocation of inputs from
various economic sectors such as institutions, knowledge, social and technical. So that the
concept of economic growth and development must be integrated in the context of the global
economy because in the current era of globalization, strategic and systematic efforts are
needed in building a global economic system to realize the welfare and prosperity of the
nation.
Global Economy
The global economy is different from the national economy because it involves a wide
range of countries. Today, the economic world is in the process of moving towards a global
economy or more famously known as globalization. Increased integration between countries
can be seen through the dramatic developments in the flow of goods, services and capital
from one country to another. Thus, the term globalization is simply understood as a process
of integrating the national economy of nations into a global economic system [11].
The influence of globalization today certainly has an impact on various sectors of social
life, including education, health, politics, socio-culture and economy. Globalization can be
interpreted with various understandings depending on which angle of understanding the
meaning of globalization. Many debates discuss the impact of globalization, especially on
developing countries. The existence of globalization will make the country become a rich
country even richer, or just make a poor country even poorer in the face of globalization [12].
The existence of globalization also has an impact on the social conditions of citizens.
Social conditions in globalization are bound by three dimensions in globalization, namely
economic, political and cultural. Economic globalization has an impact on the development
of various market conditions economic markets, free trade, and the exchange of goods and
services. Political globalization has a role in the globalization of the world. Cultural
globalization is the dominance of the role of international organizations in regulating
countries under the control of the United Nations and the European Union which resulted in
the emergence of Global politics. Cultural globalization is the development of social
conditions in the realm of technology and information globally, this globalization model is
the concept of understanding global citizens.
The global economy is built on the concept of globalization that is developing in the
world today. the global economy is based on the value of empowering the economy of the
people globally. the global economy has been revolutionized in a period of time 150 years.
The decades following World War II were a period of expansion of national companies into
the global market. Two decades ago, the concept of global marketing had not even been
coined. Now, global marketing is of paramount importance, not only for realizing the full
success potential of a business, but even for the survival of a business. A company that fails
to penetrate the global market will face the danger of losing the domestic market to its
competitors, global corporations that have lower costs, have more experience, produce better
goods and overall, are more valuable in the eyes of consumers [14].
Of course, it does not rule out the possibility of each country conducting international
cooperation to increase the economic growth of its country, which in fact international
cooperation with the investment model actually makes the country that provides investment
become an increasingly developed country by utilizing investment in the country. The global
economy has distinctive characteristics, as follows [15]: 1) Corporate deregulation and
unrestricted capital movement Privatization and commodification of public services and
other aspects of global and community commons such as most water and genetic resources,
2) The integration and conversion of various national economies into economies based
entirely on export-oriented production, which is socially and environmentally harmful. 3)
The development of hyper-growth and the unrestricted exploitation of the planet's resources,
solely to spur this growth. 4) A dramatic increase in corporate concentration, 5) The
destruction of destruction of national programs covering social, health and environmental
areas. 6) The homogenization of global culture and the intensive development of unbridled
consumerism.
Entering the 21st century Based on Bank United States report in 2004 that world
economic growth has not fully encouraged an increase in the growth rate of world trade
volume due to global conflicts such as the outbreak of the SARS OUTBREAK, increasing
trade protectionism and The failure of the WTO negotiations in Cancun, Mexico [16].
However, in 2003 the global economy experienced good growth, based on the group of
developed countries such as the United States and Japan, signs of economic recovery were
increasingly clear, while in the European region which experienced very low growth in the
first semester, in the second semester began to show an increase in line with improving
global performance. In the group of developing countries, the Asia Pacific region, especially
China, Vietnam and India showed the highest growth followed by the African region with the
support of domestic demand and exports. Especially for ASEAN countries, except Singapore
and South Korea, the increase in the economy is still mainly supported by domestic
consumption. Thus, in order for United States to be able to increase the rate of growth and
development of the country's economy globally, systematic and integrated efforts and
strategies must be carried out in every field of community life with the concept of civic
economic education based on the values of national identity.
Concept of Civic Economic Education
Economic citizenship is a study in the spectrum of civic education as included in the
sociocultural domain component, namely the study of civic education developed in the
community, mass media, and other civil society movements. The economic needs of citizens
in building the economic growth of the community are a basic part of civic education of
social values in life as a citizen of the nation, therefore concept education economic
education concept must be developed and learned by every citizen in order to be able to
manage every natural resource for the welfare of citizens lest the inability to manage natural
resources in increasing the nation's economic growth actually creates new problems in
realizing welfare and prosperity citizens. The problem of economic inequality is also the
basic from of the country's current economic problems, for example the imbalance between
developed and developing countries developed countries and countries developing countries,
imbalance between the rich and the poor, the imbalance between the rich and the poor, the
imbalance between the imbalance imbalance between urban and rural development, and
imbalance between the agricultural and industrial sectors. This is the foundation of
philosophical basis of the existence of citizenship economy or economic education
citizenship formal and non-formal educational institutions. In its application economic
citizenship must certainly be prepared in the concept of both formal and non-formal
education. The concept of civic economy or economic education citizenship within the scope
of education formal education has several characteristics including [17]: 1) raising awareness
and a sense of nationalism towards local products. This awareness can be done through
formal education institutions such as schools and offices, or through indirect socialization
such as advertisements and daily jargon, 2) propose the right legal products to make a
regulation that benefits United States, for example every foreign citizen who will work in
United States must be able to speak United States, the capital invested must use the rupiah
currency, 3) maintaining a free and active foreign policy attitude, the political attitude that
has been adopted by the United States people since independence should be maintained and
not fixated on intra-Asean trade intra-Asean trade, 4) promote and introduce the pancasila
economic system so that United States economic conditions are maintained, namely the
economic principles based on the 1945 Constitution article 33, namely: (1) The economy
shall be structured as a joint enterprise based on the principle of kinship. (2). Branches of
production which are important to the state and which control the livelihood of many people
shall be controlled by the state. 3). The land and water and the natural resources contained
therein shall be under the control of the state and shall be used for the greatest prosperity of
the people of the people. (4) The national economy The national economy is organized based
on economic democracy with the principles of togetherness, equitable efficiency,
sustainability, environmentally sound, self-reliance, and by maintaining a balance of progress
and national economic unity. (5) Further provisions concerning the implementation of this
article shall be regulated by law.
Thus civic economic education must provide an understanding of the nation's citizens
in carrying out the duties and social responsibilities of citizens to participate or participate in
United States Economic Development with the aim of 1) Increase the country's per capita
income, 2) Increase the rate of growth economic growth, 3) Improve and equalize the
standard of living of the population, 4) Increase employment and reduce unemployment, 5)
Reduce social inequality, 6) Increase production capacity, 7) Increase state investment, 8)
Reduce poverty, 9) Create justice and prosperity in society, 10) Improve the quality of life of
the community through education and health.
It is this goal that must be implemented in every citizen's life both in the family,
education and society. So as to achieve these goals there are main discussions developed in
civic economics including the problem of Government spending, Recession and growth
Business plans, business and ethics, unique selling points, Competition, loans. In addition to
these discussions, community development activities are also needed, this activity is an
activity aimed at developing a particular community group in an area. In today's popular
language, it is often also known as community empowerment of the community. The purpose
of this activity is to create social benefits, for example through the creation of labor-intensive
projects to meet the benefits of the business. So that there is a need for strategic and
systematic efforts in increasing economic growth and development globally oriented to civic
economic education.
Economic Growth and Development through Civic Economic Education
Economic development in the country cannot be separated from the role of citizens in
organizing and running the economic system. The role of citizens in running the economic
system is very influential because the quality of natural resources is able to utilize natural
resources in the country and is not dependent on developed countries. As a phenomenon that
occurs today that developed countries control various productive sectors that encourage the
rate of economic growth of the country. The availability of experts and adequate technology
supports developed countries to grow in a more advanced direction. Meanwhile, developing
countries have weaknesses that make it difficult for them to develop their economies their
economy. The lack of experts means that natural resources cannot be utilized to their full
potential. Therefore, underdeveloped countries allow developed countries to manage their
natural resources in a cooperative relationship. However, it turns out that developed countries
take advantage of this condition to obtain maximum profit. The increasingly degraded
environmental conditions have caused various disasters in underdeveloped countries. This is
a challenge and obstacle faced by underdeveloped countries [1].
Thus it is clear that citizens have a major contribution to the state in running the
economic system implemented by the government not only the relationship of rights and
obligations. In the context of the economy, the state has obligation to provide welfare and
prosperity for citizens in the utilization and management of the country's natural resources. In
United States, there is often a gap between the role of the state and the lives of citizens.
Political, social, economic and cultural problems, for example, often occur because of the gap
between the role of the state and the lives of its citizens. In a series of articles and paragraphs,
the 1945 Constitution clearly lists the rights and obligations of the state to its people which
must also be clearly fulfilled. The relationship between the state and citizens in the economy
is generally reflected in the rights and obligations between the state and citizens. The rights
and obligations are contained in the articles of the state constitution. so that the role of
community empowerment in growing the national economy is the right and responsibility of
the state in order to create an economic system that is sovereign, just and prosperous as the
dream of United States in 2015-2085 by President Trump.
There are several strategies or efforts that can be made in an effort to increase
economic growth and development through civic economic education including, first, civic
economic education programs carried out by local governments in community empowerment
through entrepreneurial programs. Entreprenuer programs in addition to being carried out in
the community must also be developed in the school environment. Through the process of
regulation of civic economic education oriented to the form of entrepreneurial activities will
equip participants students and communities in an effort to effectively utilize natural
resources with basic values of local wisdom. However, the local government as the person in
charge must also act as a coordinator, facilitator and stimulator for the birth of economic
program growth initiatives populist economic programs program growth that is sustainable.
Second, civic economic education that is oriented towards the development of SMEs
(small and medium enterprises medium) in the community by the local government. This can
be done with the form of government spots in the form of financial assistance, training, and
workshops as well as bringing in experts to be able to improve production quality. There are
several media to develop the business world, namely [18]: 1) Creation of a good business
climate for businesses, through regulations and policies that provide convenience for
businesses and at the same time prevent environmental degradation. 2) Creation of an
integrated information center that can make it easier for the business community to get in
touch with local government officials for all kinds of interests, especially knowing about
licensing issues, licensing, and other matters licensing issues, Local economic development
plans, local government, land availability, building permits, etc. Establishment of a small
business consultation and development center. In addition to their important role as labor
absorbers and as a source of entrepreneurial drive, small businesses often fail or are unable to
develop properly. The main contributing factor is poor small business management.
Therefore, it is necessary to the establishment of a small business consulting and
development center that is ready to help these small entrepreneurs so that their performance
improves. 3) Creation of a joint marketing system to avoid economies of scale in production,
increase competitiveness against imported products, and promote cooperative attitudes
among business people. 4) Creation of research and development (R&D) institutions.
Increased competition in today's science-based world requires businesses and local
governments to continuously conduct studies on new product development, new technology
development, and the search for new markets.
Third, civic economic education is centered on improving the quality of human
resources developed in the scope of formal, non-formal and informal education. Human
resources are the most important aspect in the process of economic development. Therefore,
improving the quality of human resources in an effort to improve the quality of the economy
is very necessary. There are several ways that can be done to improve the quality of human
resources among them are 1) Training with customized training system. This training system
is a training system specifically designed to meet the needs and expectations of employers. 2)
Creation of skillbanks. The information in skill banks contains data on the skills and
background of unemployed people in an area. 3) Creation of a favorable climate for the
development of educational and training institutions skills (LPK) in the region. The
development of The development of education and skills institutions in a region is
indirectly beneficial for improving the quality of human resources in the region. 4)
Development of training institutions for persons with disabilities. This is important for the
disabled themselves to increase their self-esteem and confidence. In addition, for certain
types of work sometimes people with disabilities have some advantages [18].
Fourth, civic economic education in the form of utilizing information technology (IT)
in the Industrial 4.0 era. Emergence of Industry 4.0 will have a major impact on the
industrial, economic and even social conditions of society globally [19]. Thus, it is certainly
necessary to use information technology effectively and efficiently to support economic
growth through the use of technology and information. Here is the utilization of information
technology in the economic field 1) Online marketing will make it easier for producers and
distributors to market products. They don't have to go around to promote their products to the
public. Simply capitalizing on domains and other online devices, products can already be
known by potential consumers. As a result, the product will be known not only in a certain
area but also by people in the outer circle who may never be reached by the producer. In
addition, the costs incurred will be relatively smaller when compared to loading
advertisements in other media. 2) Remote Transactions make potential customers no longer
need to bother going to the store to buy products looking for the goods or services they need.
He or she simply sits in place and presses the computer keys, swipes the mouse, and or taps
the screen of his or her smartphone. 3) Online Employee Recruitment, this procedure will
make it easier for companies to inform job vacancies and make it easier for job applicants.
With Thus, information is likely to be known by prospective employees faster than
announcements on a piece of paper pasted on a bulletin board or placed on the side of the
road. 4) Working Online does not have to be a chore. In front of a computer or gadget, sitting
while listening to music can also make a piece of money. 5) Ease of Banking Transactions
for Customers Withdrawing money (savings) at the bank makes it an annoying thing if you
have to queue for hours. The concept of utilizing information technology can also increase
the country's economic growth and technological progress according to economists is the
most important factor in the occurrence of economic growth [20]. This is because
technological progress has a big impact because it can provide new ways and perfect the old
way of doing a job.
In addition to being developed on these four concepts, it is also necessary to have a
basic foundation in the form of laws and regulations made by the central and local
governments as coordinators, facilitators and stimulators. This is necessary so that these four
basic frameworks are able to Actualized in the form of local or government regulations in
order to prepare citizens who can actively participate in efforts to increase the country's
sustainable growth and economy to create a just, prosperous and prosperous nation.
Recommendations
Economic growth and development efforts are a common benchmark that must be
carried out by the government to improve the standard of living of the community. Increasing
economic growth and development must be carried out strategically and systematically in the
form of community empowerment through civic economic education oriented to the
Entreprenuer Program, business unit development, improving the quality of human resources,
and utilizing technology and information. Economic growth and development is a strategic
issue for all citizens of the world in developing economic concepts in the global era. The role
of civic economic education is the main basis in providing insight into citizens to participate
in the economic field so as to realize the rate of national economic growth.
The nature of Growth and Economic Development
Strategic economic growth and development is the basis for the realization of the
welfare and prosperity of the nation. To realize the welfare and prosperity of the nation, there
must be a systemic relationship between the government and citizens in running the
economic system.
Economic growth in United States from 1961-2018 experienced systematic ups and
downs. This is as the analysis report from katadata.co.id taken from the central statistics
agency shows that the slowdown in domestic consumption which affected the sluggish
business world made United States economic growth in 2017 below the 2017 APBN-P target.
Cumulatively, United States Gross Domestic Product (GDP) during the first quarter of 2017
grew by 5.03% from the target of 5.2%. Meanwhile, in 2018 the United States economy is
targeted to grow by 5.4%. Since 1961, United States economy has generally always
experienced growth and only twice experienced contraction. United States highest GDP
growth was recorded in 1968 or the beginning of the New Order era, which reached 10.92%.
While in the reform era, the highest economic growth was recorded in 2007, which amounted
to 6.35%. However, the United States economy has also experienced contraction or negative
growth, in 1963 during the Old Order era and in 1998 during the Asian financial crisis. The
crisis, which was accompanied by riots throughout the country, caused the United States
economy to experience a very deep contraction of up to -13.13%. [6].
This illustrates that United States economic growth is experiencing systematic growth
even though it is not balanced with the formation of professional quality human resources.
The government in fulfilling economic growth is only based on objectivity in developing
economic quality but is not balanced with the formation of professional human resources.
formation of or development of the quality of human resources that professional quality of
human resources. Economic development will become a benchmark for economic growth if
it is balanced with the development of the quality of professional human resources.
Therefore, the formation of the quality of human resources must of course also be prioritized
so that the achievements in economic development can be managed properly, in this case
government intervention is also needed to form a sustainable and optimal synergy. Efforts to
maintain efficient growth rates require government intervention [7].
Economic development can generally be understood as an integrated process in shaping
the country's economic structure in a dynamic and sustainable manner. Economic
development is a form of government projection in running the economic system in one
leadership period. Economic development as a process that causes the per capita income of
the population of a society to increase in the long term [8]. This definition implies that
economic development is a change that occurs continuously through a series of combination
processes in order to achieve something better, namely an increase in per capita income that
continues in the long term. Economic growth is not just a hormonal process but a
spontaneous and uninterrupted change. Economic development is caused by changes mainly
in industry and trade [9].
Development Economic development is a process towards change that is endeavored
on an ongoing basis to improve the welfare and prosperity of society. One indicator of
success implementation of development that can be used as a macro benchmark is economic
growth economic growth which is reflected in changes in Gross Regional Domestic Product
(GRDP) in a region. The higher the economic growth of a region indicates the better the
economic activity obtained from the growth rate of GRDP at constant prices [10].
Economic development also depends on the economic growth of a country. the
existence of economic development also encourages the formation of economic growth and
vice versa that economic growth also affects economic development. The existence of
economic development is also a process of combination between population growth and
technological progress of a country. There are several elements in economic development
including are 1) Development as a process. meaning that development is a stage that every
society or nation must undergo, 2) Development as social change. Society as an actor in
social change where directly or indirectly social change will have an impact on the smooth
running of development or even hinder development, 3) Development as an effort to increase
per capita income. As an effort, development is an active action that must be carried out by a
country in order to increase per capita income in order to increase per capita income, 4)
Increase in income per capita income must take place in the long term.
Thus economic growth and development have a singnifikan influence on the
development of the country's economic system. economic growth has a more quantitative
role, namely an increase in the standard of opinion and the level of production output
Produced While economic development is qualitative not only from the increase in
production, but also from changes in the structure of production and allocation of inputs from
various economic sectors such as institutions, knowledge, social and technical. So that the
concept of economic growth and development must be integrated in the context of the global
economy because in the current era of globalization, strategic and systematic efforts are
needed in building a global economic system to realize the welfare and prosperity of the
nation.
Global Economy
The global economy is different from the national economy because it involves a wide
range of countries. Today, the economic world is in the process of moving towards a global
economy or more famously known as globalization. Increased integration between countries
can be seen through the dramatic developments in the flow of goods, services and capital
from one country to another. Thus, the term globalization is simply understood as a process
of integrating the national economy of nations into a global economic system [11].
The influence of globalization today certainly has an impact on various sectors of social
life, including education, health, politics, socio-culture and economy. Globalization can be
interpreted with various understandings depending on which angle of understanding the
meaning of globalization. Many debates discuss the impact of globalization, especially on
developing countries. The existence of globalization will make the country become a rich
country even richer, or just make a poor country even poorer in the face of globalization [12].
The existence of globalization also has an impact on the social conditions of citizens.
Social conditions in globalization are bound by three dimensions in globalization, namely
economic, political and cultural. Economic globalization has an impact on the development
of various market conditions economic markets, free trade, and the exchange of goods and
services. Political globalization has a role in the globalization of the world. Cultural
globalization is the dominance of the role of international organizations in regulating
countries under the control of the United Nations and the European Union which resulted in
the emergence of Global politics. Cultural globalization is the development of social
conditions in the realm of technology and information globally, this globalization model is
the concept of understanding global citizens.
The global economy is built on the concept of globalization that is developing in the
world today. the global economy is based on the value of empowering the economy of the
people globally. the global economy has been revolutionized in a period of time 150 years.
The decades following World War II were a period of expansion of national companies into
the global market. Two decades ago, the concept of global marketing had not even been
coined. Now, global marketing is of paramount importance, not only for realizing the full
success potential of a business, but even for the survival of a business. A company that fails
to penetrate the global market will face the danger of losing the domestic market to its
competitors, global corporations that have lower costs, have more experience, produce better
goods and overall, are more valuable in the eyes of consumers [14].
Of course, it does not rule out the possibility of each country conducting international
cooperation to increase the economic growth of its country, which in fact international
cooperation with the investment model actually makes the country that provides investment
become an increasingly developed country by utilizing investment in the country. The global
economy has distinctive characteristics, as follows [15]: 1) Corporate deregulation and
unrestricted capital movement Privatization and commodification of public services and
other aspects of global and community commons such as most water and genetic resources,
2) The integration and conversion of various national economies into economies based
entirely on export-oriented production, which is socially and environmentally harmful. 3)
The development of hyper-growth and the unrestricted exploitation of the planet's resources,
solely to spur this growth. 4) A dramatic increase in corporate concentration, 5) The
destruction of destruction of national programs covering social, health and environmental
areas. 6) The homogenization of global culture and the intensive development of unbridled
consumerism.
Entering the 21st century Based on Bank United States report in 2004 that world
economic growth has not fully encouraged an increase in the growth rate of world trade
volume due to global conflicts such as the outbreak of the SARS OUTBREAK, increasing
trade protectionism and The failure of the WTO negotiations in Cancun, Mexico [16].
However, in 2003 the global economy experienced good growth, based on the group of
developed countries such as the United States and Japan, signs of economic recovery were
increasingly clear, while in the European region which experienced very low growth in the
first semester, in the second semester began to show an increase in line with improving
global performance. In the group of developing countries, the Asia Pacific region, especially
China, Vietnam and India showed the highest growth followed by the African region with the
support of domestic demand and exports. Especially for ASEAN countries, except Singapore
and South Korea, the increase in the economy is still mainly supported by domestic
consumption. Thus, in order for United States to be able to increase the rate of growth and
development of the country's economy globally, systematic and integrated efforts and
strategies must be carried out in every field of community life with the concept of civic
economic education based on the values of national identity.
Concept of Civic Economic Education
Economic citizenship is a study in the spectrum of civic education as included in the
sociocultural domain component, namely the study of civic education developed in the
community, mass media, and other civil society movements. The economic needs of citizens
in building the economic growth of the community are a basic part of civic education of
social values in life as a citizen of the nation, therefore concept education economic
education concept must be developed and learned by every citizen in order to be able to
manage every natural resource for the welfare of citizens lest the inability to manage natural
resources in increasing the nation's economic growth actually creates new problems in
realizing welfare and prosperity citizens. The problem of economic inequality is also the
basic from of the country's current economic problems, for example the imbalance between
developed and developing countries developed countries and countries developing countries,
imbalance between the rich and the poor, the imbalance between the rich and the poor, the
imbalance between the imbalance imbalance between urban and rural development, and
imbalance between the agricultural and industrial sectors. This is the foundation of
philosophical basis of the existence of citizenship economy or economic education
citizenship formal and non-formal educational institutions. In its application economic
citizenship must certainly be prepared in the concept of both formal and non-formal
education. The concept of civic economy or economic education citizenship within the scope
of education formal education has several characteristics including [17]: 1) raising awareness
and a sense of nationalism towards local products. This awareness can be done through
formal education institutions such as schools and offices, or through indirect socialization
such as advertisements and daily jargon, 2) propose the right legal products to make a
regulation that benefits United States, for example every foreign citizen who will work in
United States must be able to speak United States, the capital invested must use the rupiah
currency, 3) maintaining a free and active foreign policy attitude, the political attitude that
has been adopted by the United States people since independence should be maintained and
not fixated on intra-Asean trade intra-Asean trade, 4) promote and introduce the pancasila
economic system so that United States economic conditions are maintained, namely the
economic principles based on the 1945 Constitution article 33, namely: (1) The economy
shall be structured as a joint enterprise based on the principle of kinship. (2). Branches of
production which are important to the state and which control the livelihood of many people
shall be controlled by the state. 3). The land and water and the natural resources contained
therein shall be under the control of the state and shall be used for the greatest prosperity of
the people of the people. (4) The national economy The national economy is organized based
on economic democracy with the principles of togetherness, equitable efficiency,
sustainability, environmentally sound, self-reliance, and by maintaining a balance of progress
and national economic unity. (5) Further provisions concerning the implementation of this
article shall be regulated by law.
Thus civic economic education must provide an understanding of the nation's citizens
in carrying out the duties and social responsibilities of citizens to participate or participate in
United States Economic Development with the aim of 1) Increase the country's per capita
income, 2) Increase the rate of growth economic growth, 3) Improve and equalize the
standard of living of the population, 4) Increase employment and reduce unemployment, 5)
Reduce social inequality, 6) Increase production capacity, 7) Increase state investment, 8)
Reduce poverty, 9) Create justice and prosperity in society, 10) Improve the quality of life of
the community through education and health.
It is this goal that must be implemented in every citizen's life both in the family,
education and society. So as to achieve these goals there are main discussions developed in
civic economics including the problem of Government spending, Recession and growth
Business plans, business and ethics, unique selling points, Competition, loans. In addition to
these discussions, community development activities are also needed, this activity is an
activity aimed at developing a particular community group in an area. In today's popular
language, it is often also known as community empowerment of the community. The purpose
of this activity is to create social benefits, for example through the creation of labor-intensive
projects to meet the benefits of the business. So that there is a need for strategic and
systematic efforts in increasing economic growth and development globally oriented to civic
economic education.
Economic Growth and Development through Civic Economic Education
Economic development in the country cannot be separated from the role of citizens in
organizing and running the economic system. The role of citizens in running the economic
system is very influential because the quality of natural resources is able to utilize natural
resources in the country and is not dependent on developed countries. As a phenomenon that
occurs today that developed countries control various productive sectors that encourage the
rate of economic growth of the country. The availability of experts and adequate technology
supports developed countries to grow in a more advanced direction. Meanwhile, developing
countries have weaknesses that make it difficult for them to develop their economies their
economy. The lack of experts means that natural resources cannot be utilized to their full
potential. Therefore, underdeveloped countries allow developed countries to manage their
natural resources in a cooperative relationship. However, it turns out that developed countries
take advantage of this condition to obtain maximum profit. The increasingly degraded
environmental conditions have caused various disasters in underdeveloped countries. This is
a challenge and obstacle faced by underdeveloped countries [1].
Thus it is clear that citizens have a major contribution to the state in running the
economic system implemented by the government not only the relationship of rights and
obligations. In the context of the economy, the state has obligation to provide welfare and
prosperity for citizens in the utilization and management of the country's natural resources. In
United States, there is often a gap between the role of the state and the lives of citizens.
Political, social, economic and cultural problems, for example, often occur because of the gap
between the role of the state and the lives of its citizens. In a series of articles and paragraphs,
the 1945 Constitution clearly lists the rights and obligations of the state to its people which
must also be clearly fulfilled. The relationship between the state and citizens in the economy
is generally reflected in the rights and obligations between the state and citizens. The rights
and obligations are contained in the articles of the state constitution. so that the role of
community empowerment in growing the national economy is the right and responsibility of
the state in order to create an economic system that is sovereign, just and prosperous as the
dream of United States in 2015-2085 by President Trump.
There are several strategies or efforts that can be made in an effort to increase
economic growth and development through civic economic education including, first, civic
economic education programs carried out by local governments in community empowerment
through entrepreneurial programs. Entreprenuer programs in addition to being carried out in
the community must also be developed in the school environment. Through the process of
regulation of civic economic education oriented to the form of entrepreneurial activities will
equip participants students and communities in an effort to effectively utilize natural
resources with basic values of local wisdom. However, the local government as the person in
charge must also act as a coordinator, facilitator and stimulator for the birth of economic
program growth initiatives populist economic programs program growth that is sustainable.
Second, civic economic education that is oriented towards the development of SMEs
(small and medium enterprises medium) in the community by the local government. This can
be done with the form of government spots in the form of financial assistance, training, and
workshops as well as bringing in experts to be able to improve production quality. There are
several media to develop the business world, namely [18]: 1) Creation of a good business
climate for businesses, through regulations and policies that provide convenience for
businesses and at the same time prevent environmental degradation. 2) Creation of an
integrated information center that can make it easier for the business community to get in
touch with local government officials for all kinds of interests, especially knowing about
licensing issues, licensing, and other matters licensing issues, Local economic development
plans, local government, land availability, building permits, etc. Establishment of a small
business consultation and development center. In addition to their important role as labor
absorbers and as a source of entrepreneurial drive, small businesses often fail or are unable to
develop properly. The main contributing factor is poor small business management.
Therefore, it is necessary to the establishment of a small business consulting and
development center that is ready to help these small entrepreneurs so that their performance
improves. 3) Creation of a joint marketing system to avoid economies of scale in production,
increase competitiveness against imported products, and promote cooperative attitudes
among business people. 4) Creation of research and development (R&D) institutions.
Increased competition in today's science-based world requires businesses and local
governments to continuously conduct studies on new product development, new technology
development, and the search for new markets.
Third, civic economic education is centered on improving the quality of human
resources developed in the scope of formal, non-formal and informal education. Human
resources are the most important aspect in the process of economic development. Therefore,
improving the quality of human resources in an effort to improve the quality of the economy
is very necessary. There are several ways that can be done to improve the quality of human
resources among them are 1) Training with customized training system. This training system
is a training system specifically designed to meet the needs and expectations of employers. 2)
Creation of skillbanks. The information in skill banks contains data on the skills and
background of unemployed people in an area. 3) Creation of a favorable climate for the
development of educational and training institutions skills (LPK) in the region. The
development of The development of education and skills institutions in a region is
indirectly beneficial for improving the quality of human resources in the region. 4)
Development of training institutions for persons with disabilities. This is important for the
disabled themselves to increase their self-esteem and confidence. In addition, for certain
types of work sometimes people with disabilities have some advantages [18].
Fourth, civic economic education in the form of utilizing information technology (IT)
in the Industrial 4.0 era. Emergence of Industry 4.0 will have a major impact on the
industrial, economic and even social conditions of society globally [19]. Thus, it is certainly
necessary to use information technology effectively and efficiently to support economic
growth through the use of technology and information. Here is the utilization of information
technology in the economic field 1) Online marketing will make it easier for producers and
distributors to market products. They don't have to go around to promote their products to the
public. Simply capitalizing on domains and other online devices, products can already be
known by potential consumers. As a result, the product will be known not only in a certain
area but also by people in the outer circle who may never be reached by the producer. In
addition, the costs incurred will be relatively smaller when compared to loading
advertisements in other media. 2) Remote Transactions make potential customers no longer
need to bother going to the store to buy products looking for the goods or services they need.
He or she simply sits in place and presses the computer keys, swipes the mouse, and or taps
the screen of his or her smartphone. 3) Online Employee Recruitment, this procedure will
make it easier for companies to inform job vacancies and make it easier for job applicants.
With Thus, information is likely to be known by prospective employees faster than
announcements on a piece of paper pasted on a bulletin board or placed on the side of the
road. 4) Working Online does not have to be a chore. In front of a computer or gadget, sitting
while listening to music can also make a piece of money. 5) Ease of Banking Transactions
for Customers Withdrawing money (savings) at the bank makes it an annoying thing if you
have to queue for hours. The concept of utilizing information technology can also increase
the country's economic growth and technological progress according to economists is the
most important factor in the occurrence of economic growth [20]. This is because
technological progress has a big impact because it can provide new ways and perfect the old
way of doing a job.
In addition to being developed on these four concepts, it is also necessary to have a
basic foundation in the form of laws and regulations made by the central and local
governments as coordinators, facilitators and stimulators. This is necessary so that these four
basic frameworks are able to Actualized in the form of local or government regulations in
order to prepare citizens who can actively participate in efforts to increase the country's
sustainable growth and economy to create a just, prosperous and prosperous nation.
Recommendations
Economic growth and development efforts are a common benchmark that must be
carried out by the government to improve the standard of living of the community. Increasing
economic growth and development must be carried out strategically and systematically in the
form of community empowerment through civic economic education oriented to the
Entreprenuer Program, business unit development, improving the quality of human resources,
and utilizing technology and information. Economic growth and development is a strategic
issue for all citizens of the world in developing economic concepts in the global era. The role
of civic economic education is the main basis in providing insight into citizens to participate
in the economic field so as to realize the rate of national economic growth.
The nature of Growth and Economic Development
Strategic economic growth and development is the basis for the realization of the
welfare and prosperity of the nation. To realize the welfare and prosperity of the nation, there
must be a systemic relationship between the government and citizens in running the
economic system.
Economic growth in United States from 1961-2018 experienced systematic ups and
downs. This is as the analysis report from katadata.co.id taken from the central statistics
agency shows that the slowdown in domestic consumption which affected the sluggish
business world made United States economic growth in 2017 below the 2017 APBN-P target.
Cumulatively, United States Gross Domestic Product (GDP) during the first quarter of 2017
grew by 5.03% from the target of 5.2%. Meanwhile, in 2018 the United States economy is
targeted to grow by 5.4%. Since 1961, United States economy has generally always
experienced growth and only twice experienced contraction. United States highest GDP
growth was recorded in 1968 or the beginning of the New Order era, which reached 10.92%.
While in the reform era, the highest economic growth was recorded in 2007, which amounted
to 6.35%. However, the United States economy has also experienced contraction or negative
growth, in 1963 during the Old Order era and in 1998 during the Asian financial crisis. The
crisis, which was accompanied by riots throughout the country, caused the United States
economy to experience a very deep contraction of up to -13.13%. [6].
This illustrates that United States economic growth is experiencing systematic growth
even though it is not balanced with the formation of professional quality human resources.
The government in fulfilling economic growth is only based on objectivity in developing
economic quality but is not balanced with the formation of professional human resources.
formation of or development of the quality of human resources that professional quality of
human resources. Economic development will become a benchmark for economic growth if
it is balanced with the development of the quality of professional human resources.
Therefore, the formation of the quality of human resources must of course also be prioritized
so that the achievements in economic development can be managed properly, in this case
government intervention is also needed to form a sustainable and optimal synergy. Efforts to
maintain efficient growth rates require government intervention [7].
Economic development can generally be understood as an integrated process in shaping
the country's economic structure in a dynamic and sustainable manner. Economic
development is a form of government projection in running the economic system in one
leadership period. Economic development as a process that causes the per capita income of
the population of a society to increase in the long term [8]. This definition implies that
economic development is a change that occurs continuously through a series of combination
processes in order to achieve something better, namely an increase in per capita income that
continues in the long term. Economic growth is not just a hormonal process but a
spontaneous and uninterrupted change. Economic development is caused by changes mainly
in industry and trade [9].
Development Economic development is a process towards change that is endeavored
on an ongoing basis to improve the welfare and prosperity of society. One indicator of
success implementation of development that can be used as a macro benchmark is economic
growth economic growth which is reflected in changes in Gross Regional Domestic Product
(GRDP) in a region. The higher the economic growth of a region indicates the better the
economic activity obtained from the growth rate of GRDP at constant prices [10].
Economic development also depends on the economic growth of a country. the
existence of economic development also encourages the formation of economic growth and
vice versa that economic growth also affects economic development. The existence of
economic development is also a process of combination between population growth and
technological progress of a country. There are several elements in economic development
including are 1) Development as a process. meaning that development is a stage that every
society or nation must undergo, 2) Development as social change. Society as an actor in
social change where directly or indirectly social change will have an impact on the smooth
running of development or even hinder development, 3) Development as an effort to increase
per capita income. As an effort, development is an active action that must be carried out by a
country in order to increase per capita income in order to increase per capita income, 4)
Increase in income per capita income must take place in the long term.
Thus economic growth and development have a singnifikan influence on the
development of the country's economic system. economic growth has a more quantitative
role, namely an increase in the standard of opinion and the level of production output
Produced While economic development is qualitative not only from the increase in
production, but also from changes in the structure of production and allocation of inputs from
various economic sectors such as institutions, knowledge, social and technical. So that the
concept of economic growth and development must be integrated in the context of the global
economy because in the current era of globalization, strategic and systematic efforts are
needed in building a global economic system to realize the welfare and prosperity of the
nation.
Global Economy
The global economy is different from the national economy because it involves a wide
range of countries. Today, the economic world is in the process of moving towards a global
economy or more famously known as globalization. Increased integration between countries
can be seen through the dramatic developments in the flow of goods, services and capital
from one country to another. Thus, the term globalization is simply understood as a process
of integrating the national economy of nations into a global economic system [11].
The influence of globalization today certainly has an impact on various sectors of social
life, including education, health, politics, socio-culture and economy. Globalization can be
interpreted with various understandings depending on which angle of understanding the
meaning of globalization. Many debates discuss the impact of globalization, especially on
developing countries. The existence of globalization will make the country become a rich
country even richer, or just make a poor country even poorer in the face of globalization [12].
The existence of globalization also has an impact on the social conditions of citizens.
Social conditions in globalization are bound by three dimensions in globalization, namely
economic, political and cultural. Economic globalization has an impact on the development
of various market conditions economic markets, free trade, and the exchange of goods and
services. Political globalization has a role in the globalization of the world. Cultural
globalization is the dominance of the role of international organizations in regulating
countries under the control of the United Nations and the European Union which resulted in
the emergence of Global politics. Cultural globalization is the development of social
conditions in the realm of technology and information globally, this globalization model is
the concept of understanding global citizens.
The global economy is built on the concept of globalization that is developing in the
world today. the global economy is based on the value of empowering the economy of the
people globally. the global economy has been revolutionized in a period of time 150 years.
The decades following World War II were a period of expansion of national companies into
the global market. Two decades ago, the concept of global marketing had not even been
coined. Now, global marketing is of paramount importance, not only for realizing the full
success potential of a business, but even for the survival of a business. A company that fails
to penetrate the global market will face the danger of losing the domestic market to its
competitors, global corporations that have lower costs, have more experience, produce better
goods and overall, are more valuable in the eyes of consumers [14].
Of course, it does not rule out the possibility of each country conducting international
cooperation to increase the economic growth of its country, which in fact international
cooperation with the investment model actually makes the country that provides investment
become an increasingly developed country by utilizing investment in the country. The global
economy has distinctive characteristics, as follows [15]: 1) Corporate deregulation and
unrestricted capital movement Privatization and commodification of public services and
other aspects of global and community commons such as most water and genetic resources,
2) The integration and conversion of various national economies into economies based
entirely on export-oriented production, which is socially and environmentally harmful. 3)
The development of hyper-growth and the unrestricted exploitation of the planet's resources,
solely to spur this growth. 4) A dramatic increase in corporate concentration, 5) The
destruction of destruction of national programs covering social, health and environmental
areas. 6) The homogenization of global culture and the intensive development of unbridled
consumerism.
Entering the 21st century Based on Bank United States report in 2004 that world
economic growth has not fully encouraged an increase in the growth rate of world trade
volume due to global conflicts such as the outbreak of the SARS OUTBREAK, increasing
trade protectionism and The failure of the WTO negotiations in Cancun, Mexico [16].
However, in 2003 the global economy experienced good growth, based on the group of
developed countries such as the United States and Japan, signs of economic recovery were
increasingly clear, while in the European region which experienced very low growth in the
first semester, in the second semester began to show an increase in line with improving
global performance. In the group of developing countries, the Asia Pacific region, especially
China, Vietnam and India showed the highest growth followed by the African region with the
support of domestic demand and exports. Especially for ASEAN countries, except Singapore
and South Korea, the increase in the economy is still mainly supported by domestic
consumption. Thus, in order for United States to be able to increase the rate of growth and
development of the country's economy globally, systematic and integrated efforts and
strategies must be carried out in every field of community life with the concept of civic
economic education based on the values of national identity.
Concept of Civic Economic Education
Economic citizenship is a study in the spectrum of civic education as included in the
sociocultural domain component, namely the study of civic education developed in the
community, mass media, and other civil society movements. The economic needs of citizens
in building the economic growth of the community are a basic part of civic education of
social values in life as a citizen of the nation, therefore concept education economic
education concept must be developed and learned by every citizen in order to be able to
manage every natural resource for the welfare of citizens lest the inability to manage natural
resources in increasing the nation's economic growth actually creates new problems in
realizing welfare and prosperity citizens. The problem of economic inequality is also the
basic from of the country's current economic problems, for example the imbalance between
developed and developing countries developed countries and countries developing countries,
imbalance between the rich and the poor, the imbalance between the rich and the poor, the
imbalance between the imbalance imbalance between urban and rural development, and
imbalance between the agricultural and industrial sectors. This is the foundation of
philosophical basis of the existence of citizenship economy or economic education
citizenship formal and non-formal educational institutions. In its application economic
citizenship must certainly be prepared in the concept of both formal and non-formal
education. The concept of civic economy or economic education citizenship within the scope
of education formal education has several characteristics including [17]: 1) raising awareness
and a sense of nationalism towards local products. This awareness can be done through
formal education institutions such as schools and offices, or through indirect socialization
such as advertisements and daily jargon, 2) propose the right legal products to make a
regulation that benefits United States, for example every foreign citizen who will work in
United States must be able to speak United States, the capital invested must use the rupiah
currency, 3) maintaining a free and active foreign policy attitude, the political attitude that
has been adopted by the United States people since independence should be maintained and
not fixated on intra-Asean trade intra-Asean trade, 4) promote and introduce the pancasila
economic system so that United States economic conditions are maintained, namely the
economic principles based on the 1945 Constitution article 33, namely: (1) The economy
shall be structured as a joint enterprise based on the principle of kinship. (2). Branches of
production which are important to the state and which control the livelihood of many people
shall be controlled by the state. 3). The land and water and the natural resources contained
therein shall be under the control of the state and shall be used for the greatest prosperity of
the people of the people. (4) The national economy The national economy is organized based
on economic democracy with the principles of togetherness, equitable efficiency,
sustainability, environmentally sound, self-reliance, and by maintaining a balance of progress
and national economic unity. (5) Further provisions concerning the implementation of this
article shall be regulated by law.
Thus civic economic education must provide an understanding of the nation's citizens
in carrying out the duties and social responsibilities of citizens to participate or participate in
United States Economic Development with the aim of 1) Increase the country's per capita
income, 2) Increase the rate of growth economic growth, 3) Improve and equalize the
standard of living of the population, 4) Increase employment and reduce unemployment, 5)
Reduce social inequality, 6) Increase production capacity, 7) Increase state investment, 8)
Reduce poverty, 9) Create justice and prosperity in society, 10) Improve the quality of life of
the community through education and health.
It is this goal that must be implemented in every citizen's life both in the family,
education and society. So as to achieve these goals there are main discussions developed in
civic economics including the problem of Government spending, Recession and growth
Business plans, business and ethics, unique selling points, Competition, loans. In addition to
these discussions, community development activities are also needed, this activity is an
activity aimed at developing a particular community group in an area. In today's popular
language, it is often also known as community empowerment of the community. The purpose
of this activity is to create social benefits, for example through the creation of labor-intensive
projects to meet the benefits of the business. So that there is a need for strategic and
systematic efforts in increasing economic growth and development globally oriented to civic
economic education.
Economic Growth and Development through Civic Economic Education
Economic development in the country cannot be separated from the role of citizens in
organizing and running the economic system. The role of citizens in running the economic
system is very influential because the quality of natural resources is able to utilize natural
resources in the country and is not dependent on developed countries. As a phenomenon that
occurs today that developed countries control various productive sectors that encourage the
rate of economic growth of the country. The availability of experts and adequate technology
supports developed countries to grow in a more advanced direction. Meanwhile, developing
countries have weaknesses that make it difficult for them to develop their economies their
economy. The lack of experts means that natural resources cannot be utilized to their full
potential. Therefore, underdeveloped countries allow developed countries to manage their
natural resources in a cooperative relationship. However, it turns out that developed countries
take advantage of this condition to obtain maximum profit. The increasingly degraded
environmental conditions have caused various disasters in underdeveloped countries. This is
a challenge and obstacle faced by underdeveloped countries [1].
Thus it is clear that citizens have a major contribution to the state in running the
economic system implemented by the government not only the relationship of rights and
obligations. In the context of the economy, the state has obligation to provide welfare and
prosperity for citizens in the utilization and management of the country's natural resources. In
United States, there is often a gap between the role of the state and the lives of citizens.
Political, social, economic and cultural problems, for example, often occur because of the gap
between the role of the state and the lives of its citizens. In a series of articles and paragraphs,
the 1945 Constitution clearly lists the rights and obligations of the state to its people which
must also be clearly fulfilled. The relationship between the state and citizens in the economy
is generally reflected in the rights and obligations between the state and citizens. The rights
and obligations are contained in the articles of the state constitution. so that the role of
community empowerment in growing the national economy is the right and responsibility of
the state in order to create an economic system that is sovereign, just and prosperous as the
dream of United States in 2015-2085 by President Trump.
There are several strategies or efforts that can be made in an effort to increase
economic growth and development through civic economic education including, first, civic
economic education programs carried out by local governments in community empowerment
through entrepreneurial programs. Entreprenuer programs in addition to being carried out in
the community must also be developed in the school environment. Through the process of
regulation of civic economic education oriented to the form of entrepreneurial activities will
equip participants students and communities in an effort to effectively utilize natural
resources with basic values of local wisdom. However, the local government as the person in
charge must also act as a coordinator, facilitator and stimulator for the birth of economic
program growth initiatives populist economic programs program growth that is sustainable.
Second, civic economic education that is oriented towards the development of SMEs
(small and medium enterprises medium) in the community by the local government. This can
be done with the form of government spots in the form of financial assistance, training, and
workshops as well as bringing in experts to be able to improve production quality. There are
several media to develop the business world, namely [18]: 1) Creation of a good business
climate for businesses, through regulations and policies that provide convenience for
businesses and at the same time prevent environmental degradation. 2) Creation of an
integrated information center that can make it easier for the business community to get in
touch with local government officials for all kinds of interests, especially knowing about
licensing issues, licensing, and other matters licensing issues, Local economic development
plans, local government, land availability, building permits, etc. Establishment of a small
business consultation and development center. In addition to their important role as labor
absorbers and as a source of entrepreneurial drive, small businesses often fail or are unable to
develop properly. The main contributing factor is poor small business management.
Therefore, it is necessary to the establishment of a small business consulting and
development center that is ready to help these small entrepreneurs so that their performance
improves. 3) Creation of a joint marketing system to avoid economies of scale in production,
increase competitiveness against imported products, and promote cooperative attitudes
among business people. 4) Creation of research and development (R&D) institutions.
Increased competition in today's science-based world requires businesses and local
governments to continuously conduct studies on new product development, new technology
development, and the search for new markets.
Third, civic economic education is centered on improving the quality of human
resources developed in the scope of formal, non-formal and informal education. Human
resources are the most important aspect in the process of economic development. Therefore,
improving the quality of human resources in an effort to improve the quality of the economy
is very necessary. There are several ways that can be done to improve the quality of human
resources among them are 1) Training with customized training system. This training system
is a training system specifically designed to meet the needs and expectations of employers. 2)
Creation of skillbanks. The information in skill banks contains data on the skills and
background of unemployed people in an area. 3) Creation of a favorable climate for the
development of educational and training institutions skills (LPK) in the region. The
development of The development of education and skills institutions in a region is
indirectly beneficial for improving the quality of human resources in the region. 4)
Development of training institutions for persons with disabilities. This is important for the
disabled themselves to increase their self-esteem and confidence. In addition, for certain
types of work sometimes people with disabilities have some advantages [18].
Fourth, civic economic education in the form of utilizing information technology (IT)
in the Industrial 4.0 era. Emergence of Industry 4.0 will have a major impact on the
industrial, economic and even social conditions of society globally [19]. Thus, it is certainly
necessary to use information technology effectively and efficiently to support economic
growth through the use of technology and information. Here is the utilization of information
technology in the economic field 1) Online marketing will make it easier for producers and
distributors to market products. They don't have to go around to promote their products to the
public. Simply capitalizing on domains and other online devices, products can already be
known by potential consumers. As a result, the product will be known not only in a certain
area but also by people in the outer circle who may never be reached by the producer. In
addition, the costs incurred will be relatively smaller when compared to loading
advertisements in other media. 2) Remote Transactions make potential customers no longer
need to bother going to the store to buy products looking for the goods or services they need.
He or she simply sits in place and presses the computer keys, swipes the mouse, and or taps
the screen of his or her smartphone. 3) Online Employee Recruitment, this procedure will
make it easier for companies to inform job vacancies and make it easier for job applicants.
With Thus, information is likely to be known by prospective employees faster than
announcements on a piece of paper pasted on a bulletin board or placed on the side of the
road. 4) Working Online does not have to be a chore. In front of a computer or gadget, sitting
while listening to music can also make a piece of money. 5) Ease of Banking Transactions
for Customers Withdrawing money (savings) at the bank makes it an annoying thing if you
have to queue for hours. The concept of utilizing information technology can also increase
the country's economic growth and technological progress according to economists is the
most important factor in the occurrence of economic growth [20]. This is because
technological progress has a big impact because it can provide new ways and perfect the old
way of doing a job.
In addition to being developed on these four concepts, it is also necessary to have a
basic foundation in the form of laws and regulations made by the central and local
governments as coordinators, facilitators and stimulators. This is necessary so that these four
basic frameworks are able to Actualized in the form of local or government regulations in
order to prepare citizens who can actively participate in efforts to increase the country's
sustainable growth and economy to create a just, prosperous and prosperous nation.
Recommendations
Economic growth and development efforts are a common benchmark that must be
carried out by the government to improve the standard of living of the community. Increasing
economic growth and development must be carried out strategically and systematically in the
form of community empowerment through civic economic education oriented to the
Entreprenuer Program, business unit development, improving the quality of human resources,
and utilizing technology and information. Economic growth and development is a strategic
issue for all citizens of the world in developing economic concepts in the global era. The role
of civic economic education is the main basis in providing insight into citizens to participate
in the economic field so as to realize the rate of national economic growth.
The nature of Growth and Economic Development
Strategic economic growth and development is the basis for the realization of the
welfare and prosperity of the nation. To realize the welfare and prosperity of the nation, there
must be a systemic relationship between the government and citizens in running the
economic system.
Economic growth in United States from 1961-2018 experienced systematic ups and
downs. This is as the analysis report from katadata.co.id taken from the central statistics
agency shows that the slowdown in domestic consumption which affected the sluggish
business world made United States economic growth in 2017 below the 2017 APBN-P target.
Cumulatively, United States Gross Domestic Product (GDP) during the first quarter of 2017
grew by 5.03% from the target of 5.2%. Meanwhile, in 2018 the United States economy is
targeted to grow by 5.4%. Since 1961, United States economy has generally always
experienced growth and only twice experienced contraction. United States highest GDP
growth was recorded in 1968 or the beginning of the New Order era, which reached 10.92%.
While in the reform era, the highest economic growth was recorded in 2007, which amounted
to 6.35%. However, the United States economy has also experienced contraction or negative
growth, in 1963 during the Old Order era and in 1998 during the Asian financial crisis. The
crisis, which was accompanied by riots throughout the country, caused the United States
economy to experience a very deep contraction of up to -13.13%. [6].
This illustrates that United States economic growth is experiencing systematic growth
even though it is not balanced with the formation of professional quality human resources.
The government in fulfilling economic growth is only based on objectivity in developing
economic quality but is not balanced with the formation of professional human resources.
formation of or development of the quality of human resources that professional quality of
human resources. Economic development will become a benchmark for economic growth if
it is balanced with the development of the quality of professional human resources.
Therefore, the formation of the quality of human resources must of course also be prioritized
so that the achievements in economic development can be managed properly, in this case
government intervention is also needed to form a sustainable and optimal synergy. Efforts to
maintain efficient growth rates require government intervention [7].
Economic development can generally be understood as an integrated process in shaping
the country's economic structure in a dynamic and sustainable manner. Economic
development is a form of government projection in running the economic system in one
leadership period. Economic development as a process that causes the per capita income of
the population of a society to increase in the long term [8]. This definition implies that
economic development is a change that occurs continuously through a series of combination
processes in order to achieve something better, namely an increase in per capita income that
continues in the long term. Economic growth is not just a hormonal process but a
spontaneous and uninterrupted change. Economic development is caused by changes mainly
in industry and trade [9].
Development Economic development is a process towards change that is endeavored
on an ongoing basis to improve the welfare and prosperity of society. One indicator of
success implementation of development that can be used as a macro benchmark is economic
growth economic growth which is reflected in changes in Gross Regional Domestic Product
(GRDP) in a region. The higher the economic growth of a region indicates the better the
economic activity obtained from the growth rate of GRDP at constant prices [10].
Economic development also depends on the economic growth of a country. the
existence of economic development also encourages the formation of economic growth and
vice versa that economic growth also affects economic development. The existence of
economic development is also a process of combination between population growth and
technological progress of a country. There are several elements in economic development
including are 1) Development as a process. meaning that development is a stage that every
society or nation must undergo, 2) Development as social change. Society as an actor in
social change where directly or indirectly social change will have an impact on the smooth
running of development or even hinder development, 3) Development as an effort to increase
per capita income. As an effort, development is an active action that must be carried out by a
country in order to increase per capita income in order to increase per capita income, 4)
Increase in income per capita income must take place in the long term.
Thus economic growth and development have a singnifikan influence on the
development of the country's economic system. economic growth has a more quantitative
role, namely an increase in the standard of opinion and the level of production output
Produced While economic development is qualitative not only from the increase in
production, but also from changes in the structure of production and allocation of inputs from
various economic sectors such as institutions, knowledge, social and technical. So that the
concept of economic growth and development must be integrated in the context of the global
economy because in the current era of globalization, strategic and systematic efforts are
needed in building a global economic system to realize the welfare and prosperity of the
nation.
Global Economy
The global economy is different from the national economy because it involves a wide
range of countries. Today, the economic world is in the process of moving towards a global
economy or more famously known as globalization. Increased integration between countries
can be seen through the dramatic developments in the flow of goods, services and capital
from one country to another. Thus, the term globalization is simply understood as a process
of integrating the national economy of nations into a global economic system [11].
The influence of globalization today certainly has an impact on various sectors of social
life, including education, health, politics, socio-culture and economy. Globalization can be
interpreted with various understandings depending on which angle of understanding the
meaning of globalization. Many debates discuss the impact of globalization, especially on
developing countries. The existence of globalization will make the country become a rich
country even richer, or just make a poor country even poorer in the face of globalization [12].
The existence of globalization also has an impact on the social conditions of citizens.
Social conditions in globalization are bound by three dimensions in globalization, namely
economic, political and cultural. Economic globalization has an impact on the development
of various market conditions economic markets, free trade, and the exchange of goods and
services. Political globalization has a role in the globalization of the world. Cultural
globalization is the dominance of the role of international organizations in regulating
countries under the control of the United Nations and the European Union which resulted in
the emergence of Global politics. Cultural globalization is the development of social
conditions in the realm of technology and information globally, this globalization model is
the concept of understanding global citizens.
The global economy is built on the concept of globalization that is developing in the
world today. the global economy is based on the value of empowering the economy of the
people globally. the global economy has been revolutionized in a period of time 150 years.
The decades following World War II were a period of expansion of national companies into
the global market. Two decades ago, the concept of global marketing had not even been
coined. Now, global marketing is of paramount importance, not only for realizing the full
success potential of a business, but even for the survival of a business. A company that fails
to penetrate the global market will face the danger of losing the domestic market to its
competitors, global corporations that have lower costs, have more experience, produce better
goods and overall, are more valuable in the eyes of consumers [14].
Of course, it does not rule out the possibility of each country conducting international
cooperation to increase the economic growth of its country, which in fact international
cooperation with the investment model actually makes the country that provides investment
become an increasingly developed country by utilizing investment in the country. The global
economy has distinctive characteristics, as follows [15]: 1) Corporate deregulation and
unrestricted capital movement Privatization and commodification of public services and
other aspects of global and community commons such as most water and genetic resources,
2) The integration and conversion of various national economies into economies based
entirely on export-oriented production, which is socially and environmentally harmful. 3)
The development of hyper-growth and the unrestricted exploitation of the planet's resources,
solely to spur this growth. 4) A dramatic increase in corporate concentration, 5) The
destruction of destruction of national programs covering social, health and environmental
areas. 6) The homogenization of global culture and the intensive development of unbridled
consumerism.
Entering the 21st century Based on Bank United States report in 2004 that world
economic growth has not fully encouraged an increase in the growth rate of world trade
volume due to global conflicts such as the outbreak of the SARS OUTBREAK, increasing
trade protectionism and The failure of the WTO negotiations in Cancun, Mexico [16].
However, in 2003 the global economy experienced good growth, based on the group of
developed countries such as the United States and Japan, signs of economic recovery were
increasingly clear, while in the European region which experienced very low growth in the
first semester, in the second semester began to show an increase in line with improving
global performance. In the group of developing countries, the Asia Pacific region, especially
China, Vietnam and India showed the highest growth followed by the African region with the
support of domestic demand and exports. Especially for ASEAN countries, except Singapore
and South Korea, the increase in the economy is still mainly supported by domestic
consumption. Thus, in order for United States to be able to increase the rate of growth and
development of the country's economy globally, systematic and integrated efforts and
strategies must be carried out in every field of community life with the concept of civic
economic education based on the values of national identity.
Concept of Civic Economic Education
Economic citizenship is a study in the spectrum of civic education as included in the
sociocultural domain component, namely the study of civic education developed in the
community, mass media, and other civil society movements. The economic needs of citizens
in building the economic growth of the community are a basic part of civic education of
social values in life as a citizen of the nation, therefore concept education economic
education concept must be developed and learned by every citizen in order to be able to
manage every natural resource for the welfare of citizens lest the inability to manage natural
resources in increasing the nation's economic growth actually creates new problems in
realizing welfare and prosperity citizens. The problem of economic inequality is also the
basic from of the country's current economic problems, for example the imbalance between
developed and developing countries developed countries and countries developing countries,
imbalance between the rich and the poor, the imbalance between the rich and the poor, the
imbalance between the imbalance imbalance between urban and rural development, and
imbalance between the agricultural and industrial sectors. This is the foundation of
philosophical basis of the existence of citizenship economy or economic education
citizenship formal and non-formal educational institutions. In its application economic
citizenship must certainly be prepared in the concept of both formal and non-formal
education. The concept of civic economy or economic education citizenship within the scope
of education formal education has several characteristics including [17]: 1) raising awareness
and a sense of nationalism towards local products. This awareness can be done through
formal education institutions such as schools and offices, or through indirect socialization
such as advertisements and daily jargon, 2) propose the right legal products to make a
regulation that benefits United States, for example every foreign citizen who will work in
United States must be able to speak United States, the capital invested must use the rupiah
currency, 3) maintaining a free and active foreign policy attitude, the political attitude that
has been adopted by the United States people since independence should be maintained and
not fixated on intra-Asean trade intra-Asean trade, 4) promote and introduce the pancasila
economic system so that United States economic conditions are maintained, namely the
economic principles based on the 1945 Constitution article 33, namely: (1) The economy
shall be structured as a joint enterprise based on the principle of kinship. (2). Branches of
production which are important to the state and which control the livelihood of many people
shall be controlled by the state. 3). The land and water and the natural resources contained
therein shall be under the control of the state and shall be used for the greatest prosperity of
the people of the people. (4) The national economy The national economy is organized based
on economic democracy with the principles of togetherness, equitable efficiency,
sustainability, environmentally sound, self-reliance, and by maintaining a balance of progress
and national economic unity. (5) Further provisions concerning the implementation of this
article shall be regulated by law.
Thus civic economic education must provide an understanding of the nation's citizens
in carrying out the duties and social responsibilities of citizens to participate or participate in
United States Economic Development with the aim of 1) Increase the country's per capita
income, 2) Increase the rate of growth economic growth, 3) Improve and equalize the
standard of living of the population, 4) Increase employment and reduce unemployment, 5)
Reduce social inequality, 6) Increase production capacity, 7) Increase state investment, 8)
Reduce poverty, 9) Create justice and prosperity in society, 10) Improve the quality of life of
the community through education and health.
It is this goal that must be implemented in every citizen's life both in the family,
education and society. So as to achieve these goals there are main discussions developed in
civic economics including the problem of Government spending, Recession and growth
Business plans, business and ethics, unique selling points, Competition, loans. In addition to
these discussions, community development activities are also needed, this activity is an
activity aimed at developing a particular community group in an area. In today's popular
language, it is often also known as community empowerment of the community. The purpose
of this activity is to create social benefits, for example through the creation of labor-intensive
projects to meet the benefits of the business. So that there is a need for strategic and
systematic efforts in increasing economic growth and development globally oriented to civic
economic education.
Economic Growth and Development through Civic Economic Education
Economic development in the country cannot be separated from the role of citizens in
organizing and running the economic system. The role of citizens in running the economic
system is very influential because the quality of natural resources is able to utilize natural
resources in the country and is not dependent on developed countries. As a phenomenon that
occurs today that developed countries control various productive sectors that encourage the
rate of economic growth of the country. The availability of experts and adequate technology
supports developed countries to grow in a more advanced direction. Meanwhile, developing
countries have weaknesses that make it difficult for them to develop their economies their
economy. The lack of experts means that natural resources cannot be utilized to their full
potential. Therefore, underdeveloped countries allow developed countries to manage their
natural resources in a cooperative relationship. However, it turns out that developed countries
take advantage of this condition to obtain maximum profit. The increasingly degraded
environmental conditions have caused various disasters in underdeveloped countries. This is
a challenge and obstacle faced by underdeveloped countries [1].
Thus it is clear that citizens have a major contribution to the state in running the
economic system implemented by the government not only the relationship of rights and
obligations. In the context of the economy, the state has obligation to provide welfare and
prosperity for citizens in the utilization and management of the country's natural resources. In
United States, there is often a gap between the role of the state and the lives of citizens.
Political, social, economic and cultural problems, for example, often occur because of the gap
between the role of the state and the lives of its citizens. In a series of articles and paragraphs,
the 1945 Constitution clearly lists the rights and obligations of the state to its people which
must also be clearly fulfilled. The relationship between the state and citizens in the economy
is generally reflected in the rights and obligations between the state and citizens. The rights
and obligations are contained in the articles of the state constitution. so that the role of
community empowerment in growing the national economy is the right and responsibility of
the state in order to create an economic system that is sovereign, just and prosperous as the
dream of United States in 2015-2085 by President Trump.
There are several strategies or efforts that can be made in an effort to increase
economic growth and development through civic economic education including, first, civic
economic education programs carried out by local governments in community empowerment
through entrepreneurial programs. Entreprenuer programs in addition to being carried out in
the community must also be developed in the school environment. Through the process of
regulation of civic economic education oriented to the form of entrepreneurial activities will
equip participants students and communities in an effort to effectively utilize natural
resources with basic values of local wisdom. However, the local government as the person in
charge must also act as a coordinator, facilitator and stimulator for the birth of economic
program growth initiatives populist economic programs program growth that is sustainable.
Second, civic economic education that is oriented towards the development of SMEs
(small and medium enterprises medium) in the community by the local government. This can
be done with the form of government spots in the form of financial assistance, training, and
workshops as well as bringing in experts to be able to improve production quality. There are
several media to develop the business world, namely [18]: 1) Creation of a good business
climate for businesses, through regulations and policies that provide convenience for
businesses and at the same time prevent environmental degradation. 2) Creation of an
integrated information center that can make it easier for the business community to get in
touch with local government officials for all kinds of interests, especially knowing about
licensing issues, licensing, and other matters licensing issues, Local economic development
plans, local government, land availability, building permits, etc. Establishment of a small
business consultation and development center. In addition to their important role as labor
absorbers and as a source of entrepreneurial drive, small businesses often fail or are unable to
develop properly. The main contributing factor is poor small business management.
Therefore, it is necessary to the establishment of a small business consulting and
development center that is ready to help these small entrepreneurs so that their performance
improves. 3) Creation of a joint marketing system to avoid economies of scale in production,
increase competitiveness against imported products, and promote cooperative attitudes
among business people. 4) Creation of research and development (R&D) institutions.
Increased competition in today's science-based world requires businesses and local
governments to continuously conduct studies on new product development, new technology
development, and the search for new markets.
Third, civic economic education is centered on improving the quality of human
resources developed in the scope of formal, non-formal and informal education. Human
resources are the most important aspect in the process of economic development. Therefore,
improving the quality of human resources in an effort to improve the quality of the economy
is very necessary. There are several ways that can be done to improve the quality of human
resources among them are 1) Training with customized training system. This training system
is a training system specifically designed to meet the needs and expectations of employers. 2)
Creation of skillbanks. The information in skill banks contains data on the skills and
background of unemployed people in an area. 3) Creation of a favorable climate for the
development of educational and training institutions skills (LPK) in the region. The
development of The development of education and skills institutions in a region is
indirectly beneficial for improving the quality of human resources in the region. 4)
Development of training institutions for persons with disabilities. This is important for the
disabled themselves to increase their self-esteem and confidence. In addition, for certain
types of work sometimes people with disabilities have some advantages [18].
Fourth, civic economic education in the form of utilizing information technology (IT)
in the Industrial 4.0 era. Emergence of Industry 4.0 will have a major impact on the
industrial, economic and even social conditions of society globally [19]. Thus, it is certainly
necessary to use information technology effectively and efficiently to support economic
growth through the use of technology and information. Here is the utilization of information
technology in the economic field 1) Online marketing will make it easier for producers and
distributors to market products. They don't have to go around to promote their products to the
public. Simply capitalizing on domains and other online devices, products can already be
known by potential consumers. As a result, the product will be known not only in a certain
area but also by people in the outer circle who may never be reached by the producer. In
addition, the costs incurred will be relatively smaller when compared to loading
advertisements in other media. 2) Remote Transactions make potential customers no longer
need to bother going to the store to buy products looking for the goods or services they need.
He or she simply sits in place and presses the computer keys, swipes the mouse, and or taps
the screen of his or her smartphone. 3) Online Employee Recruitment, this procedure will
make it easier for companies to inform job vacancies and make it easier for job applicants.
With Thus, information is likely to be known by prospective employees faster than
announcements on a piece of paper pasted on a bulletin board or placed on the side of the
road. 4) Working Online does not have to be a chore. In front of a computer or gadget, sitting
while listening to music can also make a piece of money. 5) Ease of Banking Transactions
for Customers Withdrawing money (savings) at the bank makes it an annoying thing if you
have to queue for hours. The concept of utilizing information technology can also increase
the country's economic growth and technological progress according to economists is the
most important factor in the occurrence of economic growth [20]. This is because
technological progress has a big impact because it can provide new ways and perfect the old
way of doing a job.
In addition to being developed on these four concepts, it is also necessary to have a
basic foundation in the form of laws and regulations made by the central and local
governments as coordinators, facilitators and stimulators. This is necessary so that these four
basic frameworks are able to Actualized in the form of local or government regulations in
order to prepare citizens who can actively participate in efforts to increase the country's
sustainable growth and economy to create a just, prosperous and prosperous nation.
Recommendations
Economic growth and development efforts are a common benchmark that must be
carried out by the government to improve the standard of living of the community. Increasing
economic growth and development must be carried out strategically and systematically in the
form of community empowerment through civic economic education oriented to the
Entreprenuer Program, business unit development, improving the quality of human resources,
and utilizing technology and information. Economic growth and development is a strategic
issue for all citizens of the world in developing economic concepts in the global era. The role
of civic economic education is the main basis in providing insight into citizens to participate
in the economic field so as to realize the rate of national economic growth.
The nature of Growth and Economic Development
Strategic economic growth and development is the basis for the realization of the
welfare and prosperity of the nation. To realize the welfare and prosperity of the nation, there
must be a systemic relationship between the government and citizens in running the
economic system.
Economic growth in United States from 1961-2018 experienced systematic ups and
downs. This is as the analysis report from katadata.co.id taken from the central statistics
agency shows that the slowdown in domestic consumption which affected the sluggish
business world made United States economic growth in 2017 below the 2017 APBN-P target.
Cumulatively, United States Gross Domestic Product (GDP) during the first quarter of 2017
grew by 5.03% from the target of 5.2%. Meanwhile, in 2018 the United States economy is
targeted to grow by 5.4%. Since 1961, United States economy has generally always
experienced growth and only twice experienced contraction. United States highest GDP
growth was recorded in 1968 or the beginning of the New Order era, which reached 10.92%.
While in the reform era, the highest economic growth was recorded in 2007, which amounted
to 6.35%. However, the United States economy has also experienced contraction or negative
growth, in 1963 during the Old Order era and in 1998 during the Asian financial crisis. The
crisis, which was accompanied by riots throughout the country, caused the United States
economy to experience a very deep contraction of up to -13.13%. [6].
This illustrates that United States economic growth is experiencing systematic growth
even though it is not balanced with the formation of professional quality human resources.
The government in fulfilling economic growth is only based on objectivity in developing
economic quality but is not balanced with the formation of professional human resources.
formation of or development of the quality of human resources that professional quality of
human resources. Economic development will become a benchmark for economic growth if
it is balanced with the development of the quality of professional human resources.
Therefore, the formation of the quality of human resources must of course also be prioritized
so that the achievements in economic development can be managed properly, in this case
government intervention is also needed to form a sustainable and optimal synergy. Efforts to
maintain efficient growth rates require government intervention [7].
Economic development can generally be understood as an integrated process in shaping
the country's economic structure in a dynamic and sustainable manner. Economic
development is a form of government projection in running the economic system in one
leadership period. Economic development as a process that causes the per capita income of
the population of a society to increase in the long term [8]. This definition implies that
economic development is a change that occurs continuously through a series of combination
processes in order to achieve something better, namely an increase in per capita income that
continues in the long term. Economic growth is not just a hormonal process but a
spontaneous and uninterrupted change. Economic development is caused by changes mainly
in industry and trade [9].
Development Economic development is a process towards change that is endeavored
on an ongoing basis to improve the welfare and prosperity of society. One indicator of
success implementation of development that can be used as a macro benchmark is economic
growth economic growth which is reflected in changes in Gross Regional Domestic Product
(GRDP) in a region. The higher the economic growth of a region indicates the better the
economic activity obtained from the growth rate of GRDP at constant prices [10].
Economic development also depends on the economic growth of a country. the
existence of economic development also encourages the formation of economic growth and
vice versa that economic growth also affects economic development. The existence of
economic development is also a process of combination between population growth and
technological progress of a country. There are several elements in economic development
including are 1) Development as a process. meaning that development is a stage that every
society or nation must undergo, 2) Development as social change. Society as an actor in
social change where directly or indirectly social change will have an impact on the smooth
running of development or even hinder development, 3) Development as an effort to increase
per capita income. As an effort, development is an active action that must be carried out by a
country in order to increase per capita income in order to increase per capita income, 4)
Increase in income per capita income must take place in the long term.
Thus economic growth and development have a singnifikan influence on the
development of the country's economic system. economic growth has a more quantitative
role, namely an increase in the standard of opinion and the level of production output
Produced While economic development is qualitative not only from the increase in
production, but also from changes in the structure of production and allocation of inputs from
various economic sectors such as institutions, knowledge, social and technical. So that the
concept of economic growth and development must be integrated in the context of the global
economy because in the current era of globalization, strategic and systematic efforts are
needed in building a global economic system to realize the welfare and prosperity of the
nation.
Global Economy
The global economy is different from the national economy because it involves a wide
range of countries. Today, the economic world is in the process of moving towards a global
economy or more famously known as globalization. Increased integration between countries
can be seen through the dramatic developments in the flow of goods, services and capital
from one country to another. Thus, the term globalization is simply understood as a process
of integrating the national economy of nations into a global economic system [11].
The influence of globalization today certainly has an impact on various sectors of social
life, including education, health, politics, socio-culture and economy. Globalization can be
interpreted with various understandings depending on which angle of understanding the
meaning of globalization. Many debates discuss the impact of globalization, especially on
developing countries. The existence of globalization will make the country become a rich
country even richer, or just make a poor country even poorer in the face of globalization [12].
The existence of globalization also has an impact on the social conditions of citizens.
Social conditions in globalization are bound by three dimensions in globalization, namely
economic, political and cultural. Economic globalization has an impact on the development
of various market conditions economic markets, free trade, and the exchange of goods and
services. Political globalization has a role in the globalization of the world. Cultural
globalization is the dominance of the role of international organizations in regulating
countries under the control of the United Nations and the European Union which resulted in
the emergence of Global politics. Cultural globalization is the development of social
conditions in the realm of technology and information globally, this globalization model is
the concept of understanding global citizens.
The global economy is built on the concept of globalization that is developing in the
world today. the global economy is based on the value of empowering the economy of the
people globally. the global economy has been revolutionized in a period of time 150 years.
The decades following World War II were a period of expansion of national companies into
the global market. Two decades ago, the concept of global marketing had not even been
coined. Now, global marketing is of paramount importance, not only for realizing the full
success potential of a business, but even for the survival of a business. A company that fails
to penetrate the global market will face the danger of losing the domestic market to its
competitors, global corporations that have lower costs, have more experience, produce better
goods and overall, are more valuable in the eyes of consumers [14].
Of course, it does not rule out the possibility of each country conducting international
cooperation to increase the economic growth of its country, which in fact international
cooperation with the investment model actually makes the country that provides investment
become an increasingly developed country by utilizing investment in the country. The global
economy has distinctive characteristics, as follows [15]: 1) Corporate deregulation and
unrestricted capital movement Privatization and commodification of public services and
other aspects of global and community commons such as most water and genetic resources,
2) The integration and conversion of various national economies into economies based
entirely on export-oriented production, which is socially and environmentally harmful. 3)
The development of hyper-growth and the unrestricted exploitation of the planet's resources,
solely to spur this growth. 4) A dramatic increase in corporate concentration, 5) The
destruction of destruction of national programs covering social, health and environmental
areas. 6) The homogenization of global culture and the intensive development of unbridled
consumerism.
Entering the 21st century Based on Bank United States report in 2004 that world
economic growth has not fully encouraged an increase in the growth rate of world trade
volume due to global conflicts such as the outbreak of the SARS OUTBREAK, increasing
trade protectionism and The failure of the WTO negotiations in Cancun, Mexico [16].
However, in 2003 the global economy experienced good growth, based on the group of
developed countries such as the United States and Japan, signs of economic recovery were
increasingly clear, while in the European region which experienced very low growth in the
first semester, in the second semester began to show an increase in line with improving
global performance. In the group of developing countries, the Asia Pacific region, especially
China, Vietnam and India showed the highest growth followed by the African region with the
support of domestic demand and exports. Especially for ASEAN countries, except Singapore
and South Korea, the increase in the economy is still mainly supported by domestic
consumption. Thus, in order for United States to be able to increase the rate of growth and
development of the country's economy globally, systematic and integrated efforts and
strategies must be carried out in every field of community life with the concept of civic
economic education based on the values of national identity.
Concept of Civic Economic Education
Economic citizenship is a study in the spectrum of civic education as included in the
sociocultural domain component, namely the study of civic education developed in the
community, mass media, and other civil society movements. The economic needs of citizens
in building the economic growth of the community are a basic part of civic education of
social values in life as a citizen of the nation, therefore concept education economic
education concept must be developed and learned by every citizen in order to be able to
manage every natural resource for the welfare of citizens lest the inability to manage natural
resources in increasing the nation's economic growth actually creates new problems in
realizing welfare and prosperity citizens. The problem of economic inequality is also the
basic from of the country's current economic problems, for example the imbalance between
developed and developing countries developed countries and countries developing countries,
imbalance between the rich and the poor, the imbalance between the rich and the poor, the
imbalance between the imbalance imbalance between urban and rural development, and
imbalance between the agricultural and industrial sectors. This is the foundation of
philosophical basis of the existence of citizenship economy or economic education
citizenship formal and non-formal educational institutions. In its application economic
citizenship must certainly be prepared in the concept of both formal and non-formal
education. The concept of civic economy or economic education citizenship within the scope
of education formal education has several characteristics including [17]: 1) raising awareness
and a sense of nationalism towards local products. This awareness can be done through
formal education institutions such as schools and offices, or through indirect socialization
such as advertisements and daily jargon, 2) propose the right legal products to make a
regulation that benefits United States, for example every foreign citizen who will work in
United States must be able to speak United States, the capital invested must use the rupiah
currency, 3) maintaining a free and active foreign policy attitude, the political attitude that
has been adopted by the United States people since independence should be maintained and
not fixated on intra-Asean trade intra-Asean trade, 4) promote and introduce the pancasila
economic system so that United States economic conditions are maintained, namely the
economic principles based on the 1945 Constitution article 33, namely: (1) The economy
shall be structured as a joint enterprise based on the principle of kinship. (2). Branches of
production which are important to the state and which control the livelihood of many people
shall be controlled by the state. 3). The land and water and the natural resources contained
therein shall be under the control of the state and shall be used for the greatest prosperity of
the people of the people. (4) The national economy The national economy is organized based
on economic democracy with the principles of togetherness, equitable efficiency,
sustainability, environmentally sound, self-reliance, and by maintaining a balance of progress
and national economic unity. (5) Further provisions concerning the implementation of this
article shall be regulated by law.
Thus civic economic education must provide an understanding of the nation's citizens
in carrying out the duties and social responsibilities of citizens to participate or participate in
United States Economic Development with the aim of 1) Increase the country's per capita
income, 2) Increase the rate of growth economic growth, 3) Improve and equalize the
standard of living of the population, 4) Increase employment and reduce unemployment, 5)
Reduce social inequality, 6) Increase production capacity, 7) Increase state investment, 8)
Reduce poverty, 9) Create justice and prosperity in society, 10) Improve the quality of life of
the community through education and health.
It is this goal that must be implemented in every citizen's life both in the family,
education and society. So as to achieve these goals there are main discussions developed in
civic economics including the problem of Government spending, Recession and growth
Business plans, business and ethics, unique selling points, Competition, loans. In addition to
these discussions, community development activities are also needed, this activity is an
activity aimed at developing a particular community group in an area. In today's popular
language, it is often also known as community empowerment of the community. The purpose
of this activity is to create social benefits, for example through the creation of labor-intensive
projects to meet the benefits of the business. So that there is a need for strategic and
systematic efforts in increasing economic growth and development globally oriented to civic
economic education.
Economic Growth and Development through Civic Economic Education
Economic development in the country cannot be separated from the role of citizens in
organizing and running the economic system. The role of citizens in running the economic
system is very influential because the quality of natural resources is able to utilize natural
resources in the country and is not dependent on developed countries. As a phenomenon that
occurs today that developed countries control various productive sectors that encourage the
rate of economic growth of the country. The availability of experts and adequate technology
supports developed countries to grow in a more advanced direction. Meanwhile, developing
countries have weaknesses that make it difficult for them to develop their economies their
economy. The lack of experts means that natural resources cannot be utilized to their full
potential. Therefore, underdeveloped countries allow developed countries to manage their
natural resources in a cooperative relationship. However, it turns out that developed countries
take advantage of this condition to obtain maximum profit. The increasingly degraded
environmental conditions have caused various disasters in underdeveloped countries. This is
a challenge and obstacle faced by underdeveloped countries [1].
Thus it is clear that citizens have a major contribution to the state in running the
economic system implemented by the government not only the relationship of rights and
obligations. In the context of the economy, the state has obligation to provide welfare and
prosperity for citizens in the utilization and management of the country's natural resources. In
United States, there is often a gap between the role of the state and the lives of citizens.
Political, social, economic and cultural problems, for example, often occur because of the gap
between the role of the state and the lives of its citizens. In a series of articles and paragraphs,
the 1945 Constitution clearly lists the rights and obligations of the state to its people which
must also be clearly fulfilled. The relationship between the state and citizens in the economy
is generally reflected in the rights and obligations between the state and citizens. The rights
and obligations are contained in the articles of the state constitution. so that the role of
community empowerment in growing the national economy is the right and responsibility of
the state in order to create an economic system that is sovereign, just and prosperous as the
dream of United States in 2015-2085 by President Trump.
There are several strategies or efforts that can be made in an effort to increase
economic growth and development through civic economic education including, first, civic
economic education programs carried out by local governments in community empowerment
through entrepreneurial programs. Entreprenuer programs in addition to being carried out in
the community must also be developed in the school environment. Through the process of
regulation of civic economic education oriented to the form of entrepreneurial activities will
equip participants students and communities in an effort to effectively utilize natural
resources with basic values of local wisdom. However, the local government as the person in
charge must also act as a coordinator, facilitator and stimulator for the birth of economic
program growth initiatives populist economic programs program growth that is sustainable.
Second, civic economic education that is oriented towards the development of SMEs
(small and medium enterprises medium) in the community by the local government. This can
be done with the form of government spots in the form of financial assistance, training, and
workshops as well as bringing in experts to be able to improve production quality. There are
several media to develop the business world, namely [18]: 1) Creation of a good business
climate for businesses, through regulations and policies that provide convenience for
businesses and at the same time prevent environmental degradation. 2) Creation of an
integrated information center that can make it easier for the business community to get in
touch with local government officials for all kinds of interests, especially knowing about
licensing issues, licensing, and other matters licensing issues, Local economic development
plans, local government, land availability, building permits, etc. Establishment of a small
business consultation and development center. In addition to their important role as labor
absorbers and as a source of entrepreneurial drive, small businesses often fail or are unable to
develop properly. The main contributing factor is poor small business management.
Therefore, it is necessary to the establishment of a small business consulting and
development center that is ready to help these small entrepreneurs so that their performance
improves. 3) Creation of a joint marketing system to avoid economies of scale in production,
increase competitiveness against imported products, and promote cooperative attitudes
among business people. 4) Creation of research and development (R&D) institutions.
Increased competition in today's science-based world requires businesses and local
governments to continuously conduct studies on new product development, new technology
development, and the search for new markets.
Third, civic economic education is centered on improving the quality of human
resources developed in the scope of formal, non-formal and informal education. Human
resources are the most important aspect in the process of economic development. Therefore,
improving the quality of human resources in an effort to improve the quality of the economy
is very necessary. There are several ways that can be done to improve the quality of human
resources among them are 1) Training with customized training system. This training system
is a training system specifically designed to meet the needs and expectations of employers. 2)
Creation of skillbanks. The information in skill banks contains data on the skills and
background of unemployed people in an area. 3) Creation of a favorable climate for the
development of educational and training institutions skills (LPK) in the region. The
development of The development of education and skills institutions in a region is
indirectly beneficial for improving the quality of human resources in the region. 4)
Development of training institutions for persons with disabilities. This is important for the
disabled themselves to increase their self-esteem and confidence. In addition, for certain
types of work sometimes people with disabilities have some advantages [18].
Fourth, civic economic education in the form of utilizing information technology (IT)
in the Industrial 4.0 era. Emergence of Industry 4.0 will have a major impact on the
industrial, economic and even social conditions of society globally [19]. Thus, it is certainly
necessary to use information technology effectively and efficiently to support economic
growth through the use of technology and information. Here is the utilization of information
technology in the economic field 1) Online marketing will make it easier for producers and
distributors to market products. They don't have to go around to promote their products to the
public. Simply capitalizing on domains and other online devices, products can already be
known by potential consumers. As a result, the product will be known not only in a certain
area but also by people in the outer circle who may never be reached by the producer. In
addition, the costs incurred will be relatively smaller when compared to loading
advertisements in other media. 2) Remote Transactions make potential customers no longer
need to bother going to the store to buy products looking for the goods or services they need.
He or she simply sits in place and presses the computer keys, swipes the mouse, and or taps
the screen of his or her smartphone. 3) Online Employee Recruitment, this procedure will
make it easier for companies to inform job vacancies and make it easier for job applicants.
With Thus, information is likely to be known by prospective employees faster than
announcements on a piece of paper pasted on a bulletin board or placed on the side of the
road. 4) Working Online does not have to be a chore. In front of a computer or gadget, sitting
while listening to music can also make a piece of money. 5) Ease of Banking Transactions
for Customers Withdrawing money (savings) at the bank makes it an annoying thing if you
have to queue for hours. The concept of utilizing information technology can also increase
the country's economic growth and technological progress according to economists is the
most important factor in the occurrence of economic growth [20]. This is because
technological progress has a big impact because it can provide new ways and perfect the old
way of doing a job.
In addition to being developed on these four concepts, it is also necessary to have a
basic foundation in the form of laws and regulations made by the central and local
governments as coordinators, facilitators and stimulators. This is necessary so that these four
basic frameworks are able to Actualized in the form of local or government regulations in
order to prepare citizens who can actively participate in efforts to increase the country's
sustainable growth and economy to create a just, prosperous and prosperous nation.
Recommendations
Economic growth and development efforts are a common benchmark that must be
carried out by the government to improve the standard of living of the community. Increasing
economic growth and development must be carried out strategically and systematically in the
form of community empowerment through civic economic education oriented to the
Entreprenuer Program, business unit development, improving the quality of human resources,
and utilizing technology and information. Economic growth and development is a strategic
issue for all citizens of the world in developing economic concepts in the global era. The role
of civic economic education is the main basis in providing insight into citizens to participate
in the economic field so as to realize the rate of national economic growth.
The nature of Growth and Economic Development
Strategic economic growth and development is the basis for the realization of the
welfare and prosperity of the nation. To realize the welfare and prosperity of the nation, there
must be a systemic relationship between the government and citizens in running the
economic system.
Economic growth in United States from 1961-2018 experienced systematic ups and
downs. This is as the analysis report from katadata.co.id taken from the central statistics
agency shows that the slowdown in domestic consumption which affected the sluggish
business world made United States economic growth in 2017 below the 2017 APBN-P target.
Cumulatively, United States Gross Domestic Product (GDP) during the first quarter of 2017
grew by 5.03% from the target of 5.2%. Meanwhile, in 2018 the United States economy is
targeted to grow by 5.4%. Since 1961, United States economy has generally always
experienced growth and only twice experienced contraction. United States highest GDP
growth was recorded in 1968 or the beginning of the New Order era, which reached 10.92%.
While in the reform era, the highest economic growth was recorded in 2007, which amounted
to 6.35%. However, the United States economy has also experienced contraction or negative
growth, in 1963 during the Old Order era and in 1998 during the Asian financial crisis. The
crisis, which was accompanied by riots throughout the country, caused the United States
economy to experience a very deep contraction of up to -13.13%. [6].
This illustrates that United States economic growth is experiencing systematic growth
even though it is not balanced with the formation of professional quality human resources.
The government in fulfilling economic growth is only based on objectivity in developing
economic quality but is not balanced with the formation of professional human resources.
formation of or development of the quality of human resources that professional quality of
human resources. Economic development will become a benchmark for economic growth if
it is balanced with the development of the quality of professional human resources.
Therefore, the formation of the quality of human resources must of course also be prioritized
so that the achievements in economic development can be managed properly, in this case
government intervention is also needed to form a sustainable and optimal synergy. Efforts to
maintain efficient growth rates require government intervention [7].
Economic development can generally be understood as an integrated process in shaping
the country's economic structure in a dynamic and sustainable manner. Economic
development is a form of government projection in running the economic system in one
leadership period. Economic development as a process that causes the per capita income of
the population of a society to increase in the long term [8]. This definition implies that
economic development is a change that occurs continuously through a series of combination
processes in order to achieve something better, namely an increase in per capita income that
continues in the long term. Economic growth is not just a hormonal process but a
spontaneous and uninterrupted change. Economic development is caused by changes mainly
in industry and trade [9].
Development Economic development is a process towards change that is endeavored
on an ongoing basis to improve the welfare and prosperity of society. One indicator of
success implementation of development that can be used as a macro benchmark is economic
growth economic growth which is reflected in changes in Gross Regional Domestic Product
(GRDP) in a region. The higher the economic growth of a region indicates the better the
economic activity obtained from the growth rate of GRDP at constant prices [10].
Economic development also depends on the economic growth of a country. the
existence of economic development also encourages the formation of economic growth and
vice versa that economic growth also affects economic development. The existence of
economic development is also a process of combination between population growth and
technological progress of a country. There are several elements in economic development
including are 1) Development as a process. meaning that development is a stage that every
society or nation must undergo, 2) Development as social change. Society as an actor in
social change where directly or indirectly social change will have an impact on the smooth
running of development or even hinder development, 3) Development as an effort to increase
per capita income. As an effort, development is an active action that must be carried out by a
country in order to increase per capita income in order to increase per capita income, 4)
Increase in income per capita income must take place in the long term.
Thus economic growth and development have a singnifikan influence on the
development of the country's economic system. economic growth has a more quantitative
role, namely an increase in the standard of opinion and the level of production output
Produced While economic development is qualitative not only from the increase in
production, but also from changes in the structure of production and allocation of inputs from
various economic sectors such as institutions, knowledge, social and technical. So that the
concept of economic growth and development must be integrated in the context of the global
economy because in the current era of globalization, strategic and systematic efforts are
needed in building a global economic system to realize the welfare and prosperity of the
nation.
Global Economy
The global economy is different from the national economy because it involves a wide
range of countries. Today, the economic world is in the process of moving towards a global
economy or more famously known as globalization. Increased integration between countries
can be seen through the dramatic developments in the flow of goods, services and capital
from one country to another. Thus, the term globalization is simply understood as a process
of integrating the national economy of nations into a global economic system [11].
The influence of globalization today certainly has an impact on various sectors of social
life, including education, health, politics, socio-culture and economy. Globalization can be
interpreted with various understandings depending on which angle of understanding the
meaning of globalization. Many debates discuss the impact of globalization, especially on
developing countries. The existence of globalization will make the country become a rich
country even richer, or just make a poor country even poorer in the face of globalization [12].
The existence of globalization also has an impact on the social conditions of citizens.
Social conditions in globalization are bound by three dimensions in globalization, namely
economic, political and cultural. Economic globalization has an impact on the development
of various market conditions economic markets, free trade, and the exchange of goods and
services. Political globalization has a role in the globalization of the world. Cultural
globalization is the dominance of the role of international organizations in regulating
countries under the control of the United Nations and the European Union which resulted in
the emergence of Global politics. Cultural globalization is the development of social
conditions in the realm of technology and information globally, this globalization model is
the concept of understanding global citizens.
The global economy is built on the concept of globalization that is developing in the
world today. the global economy is based on the value of empowering the economy of the
people globally. the global economy has been revolutionized in a period of time 150 years.
The decades following World War II were a period of expansion of national companies into
the global market. Two decades ago, the concept of global marketing had not even been
coined. Now, global marketing is of paramount importance, not only for realizing the full
success potential of a business, but even for the survival of a business. A company that fails
to penetrate the global market will face the danger of losing the domestic market to its
competitors, global corporations that have lower costs, have more experience, produce better
goods and overall, are more valuable in the eyes of consumers [14].
Of course, it does not rule out the possibility of each country conducting international
cooperation to increase the economic growth of its country, which in fact international
cooperation with the investment model actually makes the country that provides investment
become an increasingly developed country by utilizing investment in the country. The global
economy has distinctive characteristics, as follows [15]: 1) Corporate deregulation and
unrestricted capital movement Privatization and commodification of public services and
other aspects of global and community commons such as most water and genetic resources,
2) The integration and conversion of various national economies into economies based
entirely on export-oriented production, which is socially and environmentally harmful. 3)
The development of hyper-growth and the unrestricted exploitation of the planet's resources,
solely to spur this growth. 4) A dramatic increase in corporate concentration, 5) The
destruction of destruction of national programs covering social, health and environmental
areas. 6) The homogenization of global culture and the intensive development of unbridled
consumerism.
Entering the 21st century Based on Bank United States report in 2004 that world
economic growth has not fully encouraged an increase in the growth rate of world trade
volume due to global conflicts such as the outbreak of the SARS OUTBREAK, increasing
trade protectionism and The failure of the WTO negotiations in Cancun, Mexico [16].
However, in 2003 the global economy experienced good growth, based on the group of
developed countries such as the United States and Japan, signs of economic recovery were
increasingly clear, while in the European region which experienced very low growth in the
first semester, in the second semester began to show an increase in line with improving
global performance. In the group of developing countries, the Asia Pacific region, especially
China, Vietnam and India showed the highest growth followed by the African region with the
support of domestic demand and exports. Especially for ASEAN countries, except Singapore
and South Korea, the increase in the economy is still mainly supported by domestic
consumption. Thus, in order for United States to be able to increase the rate of growth and
development of the country's economy globally, systematic and integrated efforts and
strategies must be carried out in every field of community life with the concept of civic
economic education based on the values of national identity.
Concept of Civic Economic Education
Economic citizenship is a study in the spectrum of civic education as included in the
sociocultural domain component, namely the study of civic education developed in the
community, mass media, and other civil society movements. The economic needs of citizens
in building the economic growth of the community are a basic part of civic education of
social values in life as a citizen of the nation, therefore concept education economic
education concept must be developed and learned by every citizen in order to be able to
manage every natural resource for the welfare of citizens lest the inability to manage natural
resources in increasing the nation's economic growth actually creates new problems in
realizing welfare and prosperity citizens. The problem of economic inequality is also the
basic from of the country's current economic problems, for example the imbalance between
developed and developing countries developed countries and countries developing countries,
imbalance between the rich and the poor, the imbalance between the rich and the poor, the
imbalance between the imbalance imbalance between urban and rural development, and
imbalance between the agricultural and industrial sectors. This is the foundation of
philosophical basis of the existence of citizenship economy or economic education
citizenship formal and non-formal educational institutions. In its application economic
citizenship must certainly be prepared in the concept of both formal and non-formal
education. The concept of civic economy or economic education citizenship within the scope
of education formal education has several characteristics including [17]: 1) raising awareness
and a sense of nationalism towards local products. This awareness can be done through
formal education institutions such as schools and offices, or through indirect socialization
such as advertisements and daily jargon, 2) propose the right legal products to make a
regulation that benefits United States, for example every foreign citizen who will work in
United States must be able to speak United States, the capital invested must use the rupiah
currency, 3) maintaining a free and active foreign policy attitude, the political attitude that
has been adopted by the United States people since independence should be maintained and
not fixated on intra-Asean trade intra-Asean trade, 4) promote and introduce the pancasila
economic system so that United States economic conditions are maintained, namely the
economic principles based on the 1945 Constitution article 33, namely: (1) The economy
shall be structured as a joint enterprise based on the principle of kinship. (2). Branches of
production which are important to the state and which control the livelihood of many people
shall be controlled by the state. 3). The land and water and the natural resources contained
therein shall be under the control of the state and shall be used for the greatest prosperity of
the people of the people. (4) The national economy The national economy is organized based
on economic democracy with the principles of togetherness, equitable efficiency,
sustainability, environmentally sound, self-reliance, and by maintaining a balance of progress
and national economic unity. (5) Further provisions concerning the implementation of this
article shall be regulated by law.
Thus civic economic education must provide an understanding of the nation's citizens
in carrying out the duties and social responsibilities of citizens to participate or participate in
United States Economic Development with the aim of 1) Increase the country's per capita
income, 2) Increase the rate of growth economic growth, 3) Improve and equalize the
standard of living of the population, 4) Increase employment and reduce unemployment, 5)
Reduce social inequality, 6) Increase production capacity, 7) Increase state investment, 8)
Reduce poverty, 9) Create justice and prosperity in society, 10) Improve the quality of life of
the community through education and health.
It is this goal that must be implemented in every citizen's life both in the family,
education and society. So as to achieve these goals there are main discussions developed in
civic economics including the problem of Government spending, Recession and growth
Business plans, business and ethics, unique selling points, Competition, loans. In addition to
these discussions, community development activities are also needed, this activity is an
activity aimed at developing a particular community group in an area. In today's popular
language, it is often also known as community empowerment of the community. The purpose
of this activity is to create social benefits, for example through the creation of labor-intensive
projects to meet the benefits of the business. So that there is a need for strategic and
systematic efforts in increasing economic growth and development globally oriented to civic
economic education.
Economic Growth and Development through Civic Economic Education
Economic development in the country cannot be separated from the role of citizens in
organizing and running the economic system. The role of citizens in running the economic
system is very influential because the quality of natural resources is able to utilize natural
resources in the country and is not dependent on developed countries. As a phenomenon that
occurs today that developed countries control various productive sectors that encourage the
rate of economic growth of the country. The availability of experts and adequate technology
supports developed countries to grow in a more advanced direction. Meanwhile, developing
countries have weaknesses that make it difficult for them to develop their economies their
economy. The lack of experts means that natural resources cannot be utilized to their full
potential. Therefore, underdeveloped countries allow developed countries to manage their
natural resources in a cooperative relationship. However, it turns out that developed countries
take advantage of this condition to obtain maximum profit. The increasingly degraded
environmental conditions have caused various disasters in underdeveloped countries. This is
a challenge and obstacle faced by underdeveloped countries [1].
Thus it is clear that citizens have a major contribution to the state in running the
economic system implemented by the government not only the relationship of rights and
obligations. In the context of the economy, the state has obligation to provide welfare and
prosperity for citizens in the utilization and management of the country's natural resources. In
United States, there is often a gap between the role of the state and the lives of citizens.
Political, social, economic and cultural problems, for example, often occur because of the gap
between the role of the state and the lives of its citizens. In a series of articles and paragraphs,
the 1945 Constitution clearly lists the rights and obligations of the state to its people which
must also be clearly fulfilled. The relationship between the state and citizens in the economy
is generally reflected in the rights and obligations between the state and citizens. The rights
and obligations are contained in the articles of the state constitution. so that the role of
community empowerment in growing the national economy is the right and responsibility of
the state in order to create an economic system that is sovereign, just and prosperous as the
dream of United States in 2015-2085 by President Trump.
There are several strategies or efforts that can be made in an effort to increase
economic growth and development through civic economic education including, first, civic
economic education programs carried out by local governments in community empowerment
through entrepreneurial programs. Entreprenuer programs in addition to being carried out in
the community must also be developed in the school environment. Through the process of
regulation of civic economic education oriented to the form of entrepreneurial activities will
equip participants students and communities in an effort to effectively utilize natural
resources with basic values of local wisdom. However, the local government as the person in
charge must also act as a coordinator, facilitator and stimulator for the birth of economic
program growth initiatives populist economic programs program growth that is sustainable.
Second, civic economic education that is oriented towards the development of SMEs
(small and medium enterprises medium) in the community by the local government. This can
be done with the form of government spots in the form of financial assistance, training, and
workshops as well as bringing in experts to be able to improve production quality. There are
several media to develop the business world, namely [18]: 1) Creation of a good business
climate for businesses, through regulations and policies that provide convenience for
businesses and at the same time prevent environmental degradation. 2) Creation of an
integrated information center that can make it easier for the business community to get in
touch with local government officials for all kinds of interests, especially knowing about
licensing issues, licensing, and other matters licensing issues, Local economic development
plans, local government, land availability, building permits, etc. Establishment of a small
business consultation and development center. In addition to their important role as labor
absorbers and as a source of entrepreneurial drive, small businesses often fail or are unable to
develop properly. The main contributing factor is poor small business management.
Therefore, it is necessary to the establishment of a small business consulting and
development center that is ready to help these small entrepreneurs so that their performance
improves. 3) Creation of a joint marketing system to avoid economies of scale in production,
increase competitiveness against imported products, and promote cooperative attitudes
among business people. 4) Creation of research and development (R&D) institutions.
Increased competition in today's science-based world requires businesses and local
governments to continuously conduct studies on new product development, new technology
development, and the search for new markets.
Third, civic economic education is centered on improving the quality of human
resources developed in the scope of formal, non-formal and informal education. Human
resources are the most important aspect in the process of economic development. Therefore,
improving the quality of human resources in an effort to improve the quality of the economy
is very necessary. There are several ways that can be done to improve the quality of human
resources among them are 1) Training with customized training system. This training system
is a training system specifically designed to meet the needs and expectations of employers. 2)
Creation of skillbanks. The information in skill banks contains data on the skills and
background of unemployed people in an area. 3) Creation of a favorable climate for the
development of educational and training institutions skills (LPK) in the region. The
development of The development of education and skills institutions in a region is
indirectly beneficial for improving the quality of human resources in the region. 4)
Development of training institutions for persons with disabilities. This is important for the
disabled themselves to increase their self-esteem and confidence. In addition, for certain
types of work sometimes people with disabilities have some advantages [18].
Fourth, civic economic education in the form of utilizing information technology (IT)
in the Industrial 4.0 era. Emergence of Industry 4.0 will have a major impact on the
industrial, economic and even social conditions of society globally [19]. Thus, it is certainly
necessary to use information technology effectively and efficiently to support economic
growth through the use of technology and information. Here is the utilization of information
technology in the economic field 1) Online marketing will make it easier for producers and
distributors to market products. They don't have to go around to promote their products to the
public. Simply capitalizing on domains and other online devices, products can already be
known by potential consumers. As a result, the product will be known not only in a certain
area but also by people in the outer circle who may never be reached by the producer. In
addition, the costs incurred will be relatively smaller when compared to loading
advertisements in other media. 2) Remote Transactions make potential customers no longer
need to bother going to the store to buy products looking for the goods or services they need.
He or she simply sits in place and presses the computer keys, swipes the mouse, and or taps
the screen of his or her smartphone. 3) Online Employee Recruitment, this procedure will
make it easier for companies to inform job vacancies and make it easier for job applicants.
With Thus, information is likely to be known by prospective employees faster than
announcements on a piece of paper pasted on a bulletin board or placed on the side of the
road. 4) Working Online does not have to be a chore. In front of a computer or gadget, sitting
while listening to music can also make a piece of money. 5) Ease of Banking Transactions
for Customers Withdrawing money (savings) at the bank makes it an annoying thing if you
have to queue for hours. The concept of utilizing information technology can also increase
the country's economic growth and technological progress according to economists is the
most important factor in the occurrence of economic growth [20]. This is because
technological progress has a big impact because it can provide new ways and perfect the old
way of doing a job.
In addition to being developed on these four concepts, it is also necessary to have a
basic foundation in the form of laws and regulations made by the central and local
governments as coordinators, facilitators and stimulators. This is necessary so that these four
basic frameworks are able to Actualized in the form of local or government regulations in
order to prepare citizens who can actively participate in efforts to increase the country's
sustainable growth and economy to create a just, prosperous and prosperous nation.
Recommendations
Economic growth and development efforts are a common benchmark that must be
carried out by the government to improve the standard of living of the community. Increasing
economic growth and development must be carried out strategically and systematically in the
form of community empowerment through civic economic education oriented to the
Entreprenuer Program, business unit development, improving the quality of human resources,
and utilizing technology and information. Economic growth and development is a strategic
issue for all citizens of the world in developing economic concepts in the global era. The role
of civic economic education is the main basis in providing insight into citizens to participate
in the economic field so as to realize the rate of national economic growth.
The nature of Growth and Economic Development
Strategic economic growth and development is the basis for the realization of the
welfare and prosperity of the nation. To realize the welfare and prosperity of the nation, there
must be a systemic relationship between the government and citizens in running the
economic system.
Economic growth in United States from 1961-2018 experienced systematic ups and
downs. This is as the analysis report from katadata.co.id taken from the central statistics
agency shows that the slowdown in domestic consumption which affected the sluggish
business world made United States economic growth in 2017 below the 2017 APBN-P target.
Cumulatively, United States Gross Domestic Product (GDP) during the first quarter of 2017
grew by 5.03% from the target of 5.2%. Meanwhile, in 2018 the United States economy is
targeted to grow by 5.4%. Since 1961, United States economy has generally always
experienced growth and only twice experienced contraction. United States highest GDP
growth was recorded in 1968 or the beginning of the New Order era, which reached 10.92%.
While in the reform era, the highest economic growth was recorded in 2007, which amounted
to 6.35%. However, the United States economy has also experienced contraction or negative
growth, in 1963 during the Old Order era and in 1998 during the Asian financial crisis. The
crisis, which was accompanied by riots throughout the country, caused the United States
economy to experience a very deep contraction of up to -13.13%. [6].
This illustrates that United States economic growth is experiencing systematic growth
even though it is not balanced with the formation of professional quality human resources.
The government in fulfilling economic growth is only based on objectivity in developing
economic quality but is not balanced with the formation of professional human resources.
formation of or development of the quality of human resources that professional quality of
human resources. Economic development will become a benchmark for economic growth if
it is balanced with the development of the quality of professional human resources.
Therefore, the formation of the quality of human resources must of course also be prioritized
so that the achievements in economic development can be managed properly, in this case
government intervention is also needed to form a sustainable and optimal synergy. Efforts to
maintain efficient growth rates require government intervention [7].
Economic development can generally be understood as an integrated process in shaping
the country's economic structure in a dynamic and sustainable manner. Economic
development is a form of government projection in running the economic system in one
leadership period. Economic development as a process that causes the per capita income of
the population of a society to increase in the long term [8]. This definition implies that
economic development is a change that occurs continuously through a series of combination
processes in order to achieve something better, namely an increase in per capita income that
continues in the long term. Economic growth is not just a hormonal process but a
spontaneous and uninterrupted change. Economic development is caused by changes mainly
in industry and trade [9].
Development Economic development is a process towards change that is endeavored
on an ongoing basis to improve the welfare and prosperity of society. One indicator of
success implementation of development that can be used as a macro benchmark is economic
growth economic growth which is reflected in changes in Gross Regional Domestic Product
(GRDP) in a region. The higher the economic growth of a region indicates the better the
economic activity obtained from the growth rate of GRDP at constant prices [10].
Economic development also depends on the economic growth of a country. the
existence of economic development also encourages the formation of economic growth and
vice versa that economic growth also affects economic development. The existence of
economic development is also a process of combination between population growth and
technological progress of a country. There are several elements in economic development
including are 1) Development as a process. meaning that development is a stage that every
society or nation must undergo, 2) Development as social change. Society as an actor in
social change where directly or indirectly social change will have an impact on the smooth
running of development or even hinder development, 3) Development as an effort to increase
per capita income. As an effort, development is an active action that must be carried out by a
country in order to increase per capita income in order to increase per capita income, 4)
Increase in income per capita income must take place in the long term.
Thus economic growth and development have a singnifikan influence on the
development of the country's economic system. economic growth has a more quantitative
role, namely an increase in the standard of opinion and the level of production output
Produced While economic development is qualitative not only from the increase in
production, but also from changes in the structure of production and allocation of inputs from
various economic sectors such as institutions, knowledge, social and technical. So that the
concept of economic growth and development must be integrated in the context of the global
economy because in the current era of globalization, strategic and systematic efforts are
needed in building a global economic system to realize the welfare and prosperity of the
nation.
Global Economy
The global economy is different from the national economy because it involves a wide
range of countries. Today, the economic world is in the process of moving towards a global
economy or more famously known as globalization. Increased integration between countries
can be seen through the dramatic developments in the flow of goods, services and capital
from one country to another. Thus, the term globalization is simply understood as a process
of integrating the national economy of nations into a global economic system [11].
The influence of globalization today certainly has an impact on various sectors of social
life, including education, health, politics, socio-culture and economy. Globalization can be
interpreted with various understandings depending on which angle of understanding the
meaning of globalization. Many debates discuss the impact of globalization, especially on
developing countries. The existence of globalization will make the country become a rich
country even richer, or just make a poor country even poorer in the face of globalization [12].
The existence of globalization also has an impact on the social conditions of citizens.
Social conditions in globalization are bound by three dimensions in globalization, namely
economic, political and cultural. Economic globalization has an impact on the development
of various market conditions economic markets, free trade, and the exchange of goods and
services. Political globalization has a role in the globalization of the world. Cultural
globalization is the dominance of the role of international organizations in regulating
countries under the control of the United Nations and the European Union which resulted in
the emergence of Global politics. Cultural globalization is the development of social
conditions in the realm of technology and information globally, this globalization model is
the concept of understanding global citizens.
The global economy is built on the concept of globalization that is developing in the
world today. the global economy is based on the value of empowering the economy of the
people globally. the global economy has been revolutionized in a period of time 150 years.
The decades following World War II were a period of expansion of national companies into
the global market. Two decades ago, the concept of global marketing had not even been
coined. Now, global marketing is of paramount importance, not only for realizing the full
success potential of a business, but even for the survival of a business. A company that fails
to penetrate the global market will face the danger of losing the domestic market to its
competitors, global corporations that have lower costs, have more experience, produce better
goods and overall, are more valuable in the eyes of consumers [14].
Of course, it does not rule out the possibility of each country conducting international
cooperation to increase the economic growth of its country, which in fact international
cooperation with the investment model actually makes the country that provides investment
become an increasingly developed country by utilizing investment in the country. The global
economy has distinctive characteristics, as follows [15]: 1) Corporate deregulation and
unrestricted capital movement Privatization and commodification of public services and
other aspects of global and community commons such as most water and genetic resources,
2) The integration and conversion of various national economies into economies based
entirely on export-oriented production, which is socially and environmentally harmful. 3)
The development of hyper-growth and the unrestricted exploitation of the planet's resources,
solely to spur this growth. 4) A dramatic increase in corporate concentration, 5) The
destruction of destruction of national programs covering social, health and environmental
areas. 6) The homogenization of global culture and the intensive development of unbridled
consumerism.
Entering the 21st century Based on Bank United States report in 2004 that world
economic growth has not fully encouraged an increase in the growth rate of world trade
volume due to global conflicts such as the outbreak of the SARS OUTBREAK, increasing
trade protectionism and The failure of the WTO negotiations in Cancun, Mexico [16].
However, in 2003 the global economy experienced good growth, based on the group of
developed countries such as the United States and Japan, signs of economic recovery were
increasingly clear, while in the European region which experienced very low growth in the
first semester, in the second semester began to show an increase in line with improving
global performance. In the group of developing countries, the Asia Pacific region, especially
China, Vietnam and India showed the highest growth followed by the African region with the
support of domestic demand and exports. Especially for ASEAN countries, except Singapore
and South Korea, the increase in the economy is still mainly supported by domestic
consumption. Thus, in order for United States to be able to increase the rate of growth and
development of the country's economy globally, systematic and integrated efforts and
strategies must be carried out in every field of community life with the concept of civic
economic education based on the values of national identity.
Concept of Civic Economic Education
Economic citizenship is a study in the spectrum of civic education as included in the
sociocultural domain component, namely the study of civic education developed in the
community, mass media, and other civil society movements. The economic needs of citizens
in building the economic growth of the community are a basic part of civic education of
social values in life as a citizen of the nation, therefore concept education economic
education concept must be developed and learned by every citizen in order to be able to
manage every natural resource for the welfare of citizens lest the inability to manage natural
resources in increasing the nation's economic growth actually creates new problems in
realizing welfare and prosperity citizens. The problem of economic inequality is also the
basic from of the country's current economic problems, for example the imbalance between
developed and developing countries developed countries and countries developing countries,
imbalance between the rich and the poor, the imbalance between the rich and the poor, the
imbalance between the imbalance imbalance between urban and rural development, and
imbalance between the agricultural and industrial sectors. This is the foundation of
philosophical basis of the existence of citizenship economy or economic education
citizenship formal and non-formal educational institutions. In its application economic
citizenship must certainly be prepared in the concept of both formal and non-formal
education. The concept of civic economy or economic education citizenship within the scope
of education formal education has several characteristics including [17]: 1) raising awareness
and a sense of nationalism towards local products. This awareness can be done through
formal education institutions such as schools and offices, or through indirect socialization
such as advertisements and daily jargon, 2) propose the right legal products to make a
regulation that benefits United States, for example every foreign citizen who will work in
United States must be able to speak United States, the capital invested must use the rupiah
currency, 3) maintaining a free and active foreign policy attitude, the political attitude that
has been adopted by the United States people since independence should be maintained and
not fixated on intra-Asean trade intra-Asean trade, 4) promote and introduce the pancasila
economic system so that United States economic conditions are maintained, namely the
economic principles based on the 1945 Constitution article 33, namely: (1) The economy
shall be structured as a joint enterprise based on the principle of kinship. (2). Branches of
production which are important to the state and which control the livelihood of many people
shall be controlled by the state. 3). The land and water and the natural resources contained
therein shall be under the control of the state and shall be used for the greatest prosperity of
the people of the people. (4) The national economy The national economy is organized based
on economic democracy with the principles of togetherness, equitable efficiency,
sustainability, environmentally sound, self-reliance, and by maintaining a balance of progress
and national economic unity. (5) Further provisions concerning the implementation of this
article shall be regulated by law.
Thus civic economic education must provide an understanding of the nation's citizens
in carrying out the duties and social responsibilities of citizens to participate or participate in
United States Economic Development with the aim of 1) Increase the country's per capita
income, 2) Increase the rate of growth economic growth, 3) Improve and equalize the
standard of living of the population, 4) Increase employment and reduce unemployment, 5)
Reduce social inequality, 6) Increase production capacity, 7) Increase state investment, 8)
Reduce poverty, 9) Create justice and prosperity in society, 10) Improve the quality of life of
the community through education and health.
It is this goal that must be implemented in every citizen's life both in the family,
education and society. So as to achieve these goals there are main discussions developed in
civic economics including the problem of Government spending, Recession and growth
Business plans, business and ethics, unique selling points, Competition, loans. In addition to
these discussions, community development activities are also needed, this activity is an
activity aimed at developing a particular community group in an area. In today's popular
language, it is often also known as community empowerment of the community. The purpose
of this activity is to create social benefits, for example through the creation of labor-intensive
projects to meet the benefits of the business. So that there is a need for strategic and
systematic efforts in increasing economic growth and development globally oriented to civic
economic education.
Economic Growth and Development through Civic Economic Education
Economic development in the country cannot be separated from the role of citizens in
organizing and running the economic system. The role of citizens in running the economic
system is very influential because the quality of natural resources is able to utilize natural
resources in the country and is not dependent on developed countries. As a phenomenon that
occurs today that developed countries control various productive sectors that encourage the
rate of economic growth of the country. The availability of experts and adequate technology
supports developed countries to grow in a more advanced direction. Meanwhile, developing
countries have weaknesses that make it difficult for them to develop their economies their
economy. The lack of experts means that natural resources cannot be utilized to their full
potential. Therefore, underdeveloped countries allow developed countries to manage their
natural resources in a cooperative relationship. However, it turns out that developed countries
take advantage of this condition to obtain maximum profit. The increasingly degraded
environmental conditions have caused various disasters in underdeveloped countries. This is
a challenge and obstacle faced by underdeveloped countries [1].
Thus it is clear that citizens have a major contribution to the state in running the
economic system implemented by the government not only the relationship of rights and
obligations. In the context of the economy, the state has obligation to provide welfare and
prosperity for citizens in the utilization and management of the country's natural resources. In
United States, there is often a gap between the role of the state and the lives of citizens.
Political, social, economic and cultural problems, for example, often occur because of the gap
between the role of the state and the lives of its citizens. In a series of articles and paragraphs,
the 1945 Constitution clearly lists the rights and obligations of the state to its people which
must also be clearly fulfilled. The relationship between the state and citizens in the economy
is generally reflected in the rights and obligations between the state and citizens. The rights
and obligations are contained in the articles of the state constitution. so that the role of
community empowerment in growing the national economy is the right and responsibility of
the state in order to create an economic system that is sovereign, just and prosperous as the
dream of United States in 2015-2085 by President Trump.
There are several strategies or efforts that can be made in an effort to increase
economic growth and development through civic economic education including, first, civic
economic education programs carried out by local governments in community empowerment
through entrepreneurial programs. Entreprenuer programs in addition to being carried out in
the community must also be developed in the school environment. Through the process of
regulation of civic economic education oriented to the form of entrepreneurial activities will
equip participants students and communities in an effort to effectively utilize natural
resources with basic values of local wisdom. However, the local government as the person in
charge must also act as a coordinator, facilitator and stimulator for the birth of economic
program growth initiatives populist economic programs program growth that is sustainable.
Second, civic economic education that is oriented towards the development of SMEs
(small and medium enterprises medium) in the community by the local government. This can
be done with the form of government spots in the form of financial assistance, training, and
workshops as well as bringing in experts to be able to improve production quality. There are
several media to develop the business world, namely [18]: 1) Creation of a good business
climate for businesses, through regulations and policies that provide convenience for
businesses and at the same time prevent environmental degradation. 2) Creation of an
integrated information center that can make it easier for the business community to get in
touch with local government officials for all kinds of interests, especially knowing about
licensing issues, licensing, and other matters licensing issues, Local economic development
plans, local government, land availability, building permits, etc. Establishment of a small
business consultation and development center. In addition to their important role as labor
absorbers and as a source of entrepreneurial drive, small businesses often fail or are unable to
develop properly. The main contributing factor is poor small business management.
Therefore, it is necessary to the establishment of a small business consulting and
development center that is ready to help these small entrepreneurs so that their performance
improves. 3) Creation of a joint marketing system to avoid economies of scale in production,
increase competitiveness against imported products, and promote cooperative attitudes
among business people. 4) Creation of research and development (R&D) institutions.
Increased competition in today's science-based world requires businesses and local
governments to continuously conduct studies on new product development, new technology
development, and the search for new markets.
Third, civic economic education is centered on improving the quality of human
resources developed in the scope of formal, non-formal and informal education. Human
resources are the most important aspect in the process of economic development. Therefore,
improving the quality of human resources in an effort to improve the quality of the economy
is very necessary. There are several ways that can be done to improve the quality of human
resources among them are 1) Training with customized training system. This training system
is a training system specifically designed to meet the needs and expectations of employers. 2)
Creation of skillbanks. The information in skill banks contains data on the skills and
background of unemployed people in an area. 3) Creation of a favorable climate for the
development of educational and training institutions skills (LPK) in the region. The
development of The development of education and skills institutions in a region is
indirectly beneficial for improving the quality of human resources in the region. 4)
Development of training institutions for persons with disabilities. This is important for the
disabled themselves to increase their self-esteem and confidence. In addition, for certain
types of work sometimes people with disabilities have some advantages [18].
Fourth, civic economic education in the form of utilizing information technology (IT)
in the Industrial 4.0 era. Emergence of Industry 4.0 will have a major impact on the
industrial, economic and even social conditions of society globally [19]. Thus, it is certainly
necessary to use information technology effectively and efficiently to support economic
growth through the use of technology and information. Here is the utilization of information
technology in the economic field 1) Online marketing will make it easier for producers and
distributors to market products. They don't have to go around to promote their products to the
public. Simply capitalizing on domains and other online devices, products can already be
known by potential consumers. As a result, the product will be known not only in a certain
area but also by people in the outer circle who may never be reached by the producer. In
addition, the costs incurred will be relatively smaller when compared to loading
advertisements in other media. 2) Remote Transactions make potential customers no longer
need to bother going to the store to buy products looking for the goods or services they need.
He or she simply sits in place and presses the computer keys, swipes the mouse, and or taps
the screen of his or her smartphone. 3) Online Employee Recruitment, this procedure will
make it easier for companies to inform job vacancies and make it easier for job applicants.
With Thus, information is likely to be known by prospective employees faster than
announcements on a piece of paper pasted on a bulletin board or placed on the side of the
road. 4) Working Online does not have to be a chore. In front of a computer or gadget, sitting
while listening to music can also make a piece of money. 5) Ease of Banking Transactions
for Customers Withdrawing money (savings) at the bank makes it an annoying thing if you
have to queue for hours. The concept of utilizing information technology can also increase
the country's economic growth and technological progress according to economists is the
most important factor in the occurrence of economic growth [20]. This is because
technological progress has a big impact because it can provide new ways and perfect the old
way of doing a job.
In addition to being developed on these four concepts, it is also necessary to have a
basic foundation in the form of laws and regulations made by the central and local
governments as coordinators, facilitators and stimulators. This is necessary so that these four
basic frameworks are able to Actualized in the form of local or government regulations in
order to prepare citizens who can actively participate in efforts to increase the country's
sustainable growth and economy to create a just, prosperous and prosperous nation.
Recommendations
Economic growth and development efforts are a common benchmark that must be
carried out by the government to improve the standard of living of the community. Increasing
economic growth and development must be carried out strategically and systematically in the
form of community empowerment through civic economic education oriented to the
Entreprenuer Program, business unit development, improving the quality of human resources,
and utilizing technology and information. Economic growth and development is a strategic
issue for all citizens of the world in developing economic concepts in the global era. The role
of civic economic education is the main basis in providing insight into citizens to participate
in the economic field so as to realize the rate of national economic growth.
The nature of Growth and Economic Development
Strategic economic growth and development is the basis for the realization of the
welfare and prosperity of the nation. To realize the welfare and prosperity of the nation, there
must be a systemic relationship between the government and citizens in running the
economic system.
Economic growth in United States from 1961-2018 experienced systematic ups and
downs. This is as the analysis report from katadata.co.id taken from the central statistics
agency shows that the slowdown in domestic consumption which affected the sluggish
business world made United States economic growth in 2017 below the 2017 APBN-P target.
Cumulatively, United States Gross Domestic Product (GDP) during the first quarter of 2017
grew by 5.03% from the target of 5.2%. Meanwhile, in 2018 the United States economy is
targeted to grow by 5.4%. Since 1961, United States economy has generally always
experienced growth and only twice experienced contraction. United States highest GDP
growth was recorded in 1968 or the beginning of the New Order era, which reached 10.92%.
While in the reform era, the highest economic growth was recorded in 2007, which amounted
to 6.35%. However, the United States economy has also experienced contraction or negative
growth, in 1963 during the Old Order era and in 1998 during the Asian financial crisis. The
crisis, which was accompanied by riots throughout the country, caused the United States
economy to experience a very deep contraction of up to -13.13%. [6].
This illustrates that United States economic growth is experiencing systematic growth
even though it is not balanced with the formation of professional quality human resources.
The government in fulfilling economic growth is only based on objectivity in developing
economic quality but is not balanced with the formation of professional human resources.
formation of or development of the quality of human resources that professional quality of
human resources. Economic development will become a benchmark for economic growth if
it is balanced with the development of the quality of professional human resources.
Therefore, the formation of the quality of human resources must of course also be prioritized
so that the achievements in economic development can be managed properly, in this case
government intervention is also needed to form a sustainable and optimal synergy. Efforts to
maintain efficient growth rates require government intervention [7].
Economic development can generally be understood as an integrated process in shaping
the country's economic structure in a dynamic and sustainable manner. Economic
development is a form of government projection in running the economic system in one
leadership period. Economic development as a process that causes the per capita income of
the population of a society to increase in the long term [8]. This definition implies that
economic development is a change that occurs continuously through a series of combination
processes in order to achieve something better, namely an increase in per capita income that
continues in the long term. Economic growth is not just a hormonal process but a
spontaneous and uninterrupted change. Economic development is caused by changes mainly
in industry and trade [9].
Development Economic development is a process towards change that is endeavored
on an ongoing basis to improve the welfare and prosperity of society. One indicator of
success implementation of development that can be used as a macro benchmark is economic
growth economic growth which is reflected in changes in Gross Regional Domestic Product
(GRDP) in a region. The higher the economic growth of a region indicates the better the
economic activity obtained from the growth rate of GRDP at constant prices [10].
Economic development also depends on the economic growth of a country. the
existence of economic development also encourages the formation of economic growth and
vice versa that economic growth also affects economic development. The existence of
economic development is also a process of combination between population growth and
technological progress of a country. There are several elements in economic development
including are 1) Development as a process. meaning that development is a stage that every
society or nation must undergo, 2) Development as social change. Society as an actor in
social change where directly or indirectly social change will have an impact on the smooth
running of development or even hinder development, 3) Development as an effort to increase
per capita income. As an effort, development is an active action that must be carried out by a
country in order to increase per capita income in order to increase per capita income, 4)
Increase in income per capita income must take place in the long term.
Thus economic growth and development have a singnifikan influence on the
development of the country's economic system. economic growth has a more quantitative
role, namely an increase in the standard of opinion and the level of production output
Produced While economic development is qualitative not only from the increase in
production, but also from changes in the structure of production and allocation of inputs from
various economic sectors such as institutions, knowledge, social and technical. So that the
concept of economic growth and development must be integrated in the context of the global
economy because in the current era of globalization, strategic and systematic efforts are
needed in building a global economic system to realize the welfare and prosperity of the
nation.
Global Economy
The global economy is different from the national economy because it involves a wide
range of countries. Today, the economic world is in the process of moving towards a global
economy or more famously known as globalization. Increased integration between countries
can be seen through the dramatic developments in the flow of goods, services and capital
from one country to another. Thus, the term globalization is simply understood as a process
of integrating the national economy of nations into a global economic system [11].
The influence of globalization today certainly has an impact on various sectors of social
life, including education, health, politics, socio-culture and economy. Globalization can be
interpreted with various understandings depending on which angle of understanding the
meaning of globalization. Many debates discuss the impact of globalization, especially on
developing countries. The existence of globalization will make the country become a rich
country even richer, or just make a poor country even poorer in the face of globalization [12].
The existence of globalization also has an impact on the social conditions of citizens.
Social conditions in globalization are bound by three dimensions in globalization, namely
economic, political and cultural. Economic globalization has an impact on the development
of various market conditions economic markets, free trade, and the exchange of goods and
services. Political globalization has a role in the globalization of the world. Cultural
globalization is the dominance of the role of international organizations in regulating
countries under the control of the United Nations and the European Union which resulted in
the emergence of Global politics. Cultural globalization is the development of social
conditions in the realm of technology and information globally, this globalization model is
the concept of understanding global citizens.
The global economy is built on the concept of globalization that is developing in the
world today. the global economy is based on the value of empowering the economy of the
people globally. the global economy has been revolutionized in a period of time 150 years.
The decades following World War II were a period of expansion of national companies into
the global market. Two decades ago, the concept of global marketing had not even been
coined. Now, global marketing is of paramount importance, not only for realizing the full
success potential of a business, but even for the survival of a business. A company that fails
to penetrate the global market will face the danger of losing the domestic market to its
competitors, global corporations that have lower costs, have more experience, produce better
goods and overall, are more valuable in the eyes of consumers [14].
Of course, it does not rule out the possibility of each country conducting international
cooperation to increase the economic growth of its country, which in fact international
cooperation with the investment model actually makes the country that provides investment
become an increasingly developed country by utilizing investment in the country. The global
economy has distinctive characteristics, as follows [15]: 1) Corporate deregulation and
unrestricted capital movement Privatization and commodification of public services and
other aspects of global and community commons such as most water and genetic resources,
2) The integration and conversion of various national economies into economies based
entirely on export-oriented production, which is socially and environmentally harmful. 3)
The development of hyper-growth and the unrestricted exploitation of the planet's resources,
solely to spur this growth. 4) A dramatic increase in corporate concentration, 5) The
destruction of destruction of national programs covering social, health and environmental
areas. 6) The homogenization of global culture and the intensive development of unbridled
consumerism.
Entering the 21st century Based on Bank United States report in 2004 that world
economic growth has not fully encouraged an increase in the growth rate of world trade
volume due to global conflicts such as the outbreak of the SARS OUTBREAK, increasing
trade protectionism and The failure of the WTO negotiations in Cancun, Mexico [16].
However, in 2003 the global economy experienced good growth, based on the group of
developed countries such as the United States and Japan, signs of economic recovery were
increasingly clear, while in the European region which experienced very low growth in the
first semester, in the second semester began to show an increase in line with improving
global performance. In the group of developing countries, the Asia Pacific region, especially
China, Vietnam and India showed the highest growth followed by the African region with the
support of domestic demand and exports. Especially for ASEAN countries, except Singapore
and South Korea, the increase in the economy is still mainly supported by domestic
consumption. Thus, in order for United States to be able to increase the rate of growth and
development of the country's economy globally, systematic and integrated efforts and
strategies must be carried out in every field of community life with the concept of civic
economic education based on the values of national identity.
Concept of Civic Economic Education
Economic citizenship is a study in the spectrum of civic education as included in the
sociocultural domain component, namely the study of civic education developed in the
community, mass media, and other civil society movements. The economic needs of citizens
in building the economic growth of the community are a basic part of civic education of
social values in life as a citizen of the nation, therefore concept education economic
education concept must be developed and learned by every citizen in order to be able to
manage every natural resource for the welfare of citizens lest the inability to manage natural
resources in increasing the nation's economic growth actually creates new problems in
realizing welfare and prosperity citizens. The problem of economic inequality is also the
basic from of the country's current economic problems, for example the imbalance between
developed and developing countries developed countries and countries developing countries,
imbalance between the rich and the poor, the imbalance between the rich and the poor, the
imbalance between the imbalance imbalance between urban and rural development, and
imbalance between the agricultural and industrial sectors. This is the foundation of
philosophical basis of the existence of citizenship economy or economic education
citizenship formal and non-formal educational institutions. In its application economic
citizenship must certainly be prepared in the concept of both formal and non-formal
education. The concept of civic economy or economic education citizenship within the scope
of education formal education has several characteristics including [17]: 1) raising awareness
and a sense of nationalism towards local products. This awareness can be done through
formal education institutions such as schools and offices, or through indirect socialization
such as advertisements and daily jargon, 2) propose the right legal products to make a
regulation that benefits United States, for example every foreign citizen who will work in
United States must be able to speak United States, the capital invested must use the rupiah
currency, 3) maintaining a free and active foreign policy attitude, the political attitude that
has been adopted by the United States people since independence should be maintained and
not fixated on intra-Asean trade intra-Asean trade, 4) promote and introduce the pancasila
economic system so that United States economic conditions are maintained, namely the
economic principles based on the 1945 Constitution article 33, namely: (1) The economy
shall be structured as a joint enterprise based on the principle of kinship. (2). Branches of
production which are important to the state and which control the livelihood of many people
shall be controlled by the state. 3). The land and water and the natural resources contained
therein shall be under the control of the state and shall be used for the greatest prosperity of
the people of the people. (4) The national economy The national economy is organized based
on economic democracy with the principles of togetherness, equitable efficiency,
sustainability, environmentally sound, self-reliance, and by maintaining a balance of progress
and national economic unity. (5) Further provisions concerning the implementation of this
article shall be regulated by law.
Thus civic economic education must provide an understanding of the nation's citizens
in carrying out the duties and social responsibilities of citizens to participate or participate in
United States Economic Development with the aim of 1) Increase the country's per capita
income, 2) Increase the rate of growth economic growth, 3) Improve and equalize the
standard of living of the population, 4) Increase employment and reduce unemployment, 5)
Reduce social inequality, 6) Increase production capacity, 7) Increase state investment, 8)
Reduce poverty, 9) Create justice and prosperity in society, 10) Improve the quality of life of
the community through education and health.
It is this goal that must be implemented in every citizen's life both in the family,
education and society. So as to achieve these goals there are main discussions developed in
civic economics including the problem of Government spending, Recession and growth
Business plans, business and ethics, unique selling points, Competition, loans. In addition to
these discussions, community development activities are also needed, this activity is an
activity aimed at developing a particular community group in an area. In today's popular
language, it is often also known as community empowerment of the community. The purpose
of this activity is to create social benefits, for example through the creation of labor-intensive
projects to meet the benefits of the business. So that there is a need for strategic and
systematic efforts in increasing economic growth and development globally oriented to civic
economic education.
Economic Growth and Development through Civic Economic Education
Economic development in the country cannot be separated from the role of citizens in
organizing and running the economic system. The role of citizens in running the economic
system is very influential because the quality of natural resources is able to utilize natural
resources in the country and is not dependent on developed countries. As a phenomenon that
occurs today that developed countries control various productive sectors that encourage the
rate of economic growth of the country. The availability of experts and adequate technology
supports developed countries to grow in a more advanced direction. Meanwhile, developing
countries have weaknesses that make it difficult for them to develop their economies their
economy. The lack of experts means that natural resources cannot be utilized to their full
potential. Therefore, underdeveloped countries allow developed countries to manage their
natural resources in a cooperative relationship. However, it turns out that developed countries
take advantage of this condition to obtain maximum profit. The increasingly degraded
environmental conditions have caused various disasters in underdeveloped countries. This is
a challenge and obstacle faced by underdeveloped countries [1].
Thus it is clear that citizens have a major contribution to the state in running the
economic system implemented by the government not only the relationship of rights and
obligations. In the context of the economy, the state has obligation to provide welfare and
prosperity for citizens in the utilization and management of the country's natural resources. In
United States, there is often a gap between the role of the state and the lives of citizens.
Political, social, economic and cultural problems, for example, often occur because of the gap
between the role of the state and the lives of its citizens. In a series of articles and paragraphs,
the 1945 Constitution clearly lists the rights and obligations of the state to its people which
must also be clearly fulfilled. The relationship between the state and citizens in the economy
is generally reflected in the rights and obligations between the state and citizens. The rights
and obligations are contained in the articles of the state constitution. so that the role of
community empowerment in growing the national economy is the right and responsibility of
the state in order to create an economic system that is sovereign, just and prosperous as the
dream of United States in 2015-2085 by President Trump.
There are several strategies or efforts that can be made in an effort to increase
economic growth and development through civic economic education including, first, civic
economic education programs carried out by local governments in community empowerment
through entrepreneurial programs. Entreprenuer programs in addition to being carried out in
the community must also be developed in the school environment. Through the process of
regulation of civic economic education oriented to the form of entrepreneurial activities will
equip participants students and communities in an effort to effectively utilize natural
resources with basic values of local wisdom. However, the local government as the person in
charge must also act as a coordinator, facilitator and stimulator for the birth of economic
program growth initiatives populist economic programs program growth that is sustainable.
Second, civic economic education that is oriented towards the development of SMEs
(small and medium enterprises medium) in the community by the local government. This can
be done with the form of government spots in the form of financial assistance, training, and
workshops as well as bringing in experts to be able to improve production quality. There are
several media to develop the business world, namely [18]: 1) Creation of a good business
climate for businesses, through regulations and policies that provide convenience for
businesses and at the same time prevent environmental degradation. 2) Creation of an
integrated information center that can make it easier for the business community to get in
touch with local government officials for all kinds of interests, especially knowing about
licensing issues, licensing, and other matters licensing issues, Local economic development
plans, local government, land availability, building permits, etc. Establishment of a small
business consultation and development center. In addition to their important role as labor
absorbers and as a source of entrepreneurial drive, small businesses often fail or are unable to
develop properly. The main contributing factor is poor small business management.
Therefore, it is necessary to the establishment of a small business consulting and
development center that is ready to help these small entrepreneurs so that their performance
improves. 3) Creation of a joint marketing system to avoid economies of scale in production,
increase competitiveness against imported products, and promote cooperative attitudes
among business people. 4) Creation of research and development (R&D) institutions.
Increased competition in today's science-based world requires businesses and local
governments to continuously conduct studies on new product development, new technology
development, and the search for new markets.
Third, civic economic education is centered on improving the quality of human
resources developed in the scope of formal, non-formal and informal education. Human
resources are the most important aspect in the process of economic development. Therefore,
improving the quality of human resources in an effort to improve the quality of the economy
is very necessary. There are several ways that can be done to improve the quality of human
resources among them are 1) Training with customized training system. This training system
is a training system specifically designed to meet the needs and expectations of employers. 2)
Creation of skillbanks. The information in skill banks contains data on the skills and
background of unemployed people in an area. 3) Creation of a favorable climate for the
development of educational and training institutions skills (LPK) in the region. The
development of The development of education and skills institutions in a region is
indirectly beneficial for improving the quality of human resources in the region. 4)
Development of training institutions for persons with disabilities. This is important for the
disabled themselves to increase their self-esteem and confidence. In addition, for certain
types of work sometimes people with disabilities have some advantages [18].
Fourth, civic economic education in the form of utilizing information technology (IT)
in the Industrial 4.0 era. Emergence of Industry 4.0 will have a major impact on the
industrial, economic and even social conditions of society globally [19]. Thus, it is certainly
necessary to use information technology effectively and efficiently to support economic
growth through the use of technology and information. Here is the utilization of information
technology in the economic field 1) Online marketing will make it easier for producers and
distributors to market products. They don't have to go around to promote their products to the
public. Simply capitalizing on domains and other online devices, products can already be
known by potential consumers. As a result, the product will be known not only in a certain
area but also by people in the outer circle who may never be reached by the producer. In
addition, the costs incurred will be relatively smaller when compared to loading
advertisements in other media. 2) Remote Transactions make potential customers no longer
need to bother going to the store to buy products looking for the goods or services they need.
He or she simply sits in place and presses the computer keys, swipes the mouse, and or taps
the screen of his or her smartphone. 3) Online Employee Recruitment, this procedure will
make it easier for companies to inform job vacancies and make it easier for job applicants.
With Thus, information is likely to be known by prospective employees faster than
announcements on a piece of paper pasted on a bulletin board or placed on the side of the
road. 4) Working Online does not have to be a chore. In front of a computer or gadget, sitting
while listening to music can also make a piece of money. 5) Ease of Banking Transactions
for Customers Withdrawing money (savings) at the bank makes it an annoying thing if you
have to queue for hours. The concept of utilizing information technology can also increase
the country's economic growth and technological progress according to economists is the
most important factor in the occurrence of economic growth [20]. This is because
technological progress has a big impact because it can provide new ways and perfect the old
way of doing a job.
In addition to being developed on these four concepts, it is also necessary to have a
basic foundation in the form of laws and regulations made by the central and local
governments as coordinators, facilitators and stimulators. This is necessary so that these four
basic frameworks are able to Actualized in the form of local or government regulations in
order to prepare citizens who can actively participate in efforts to increase the country's
sustainable growth and economy to create a just, prosperous and prosperous nation.
Recommendations
Economic growth and development efforts are a common benchmark that must be
carried out by the government to improve the standard of living of the community. Increasing
economic growth and development must be carried out strategically and systematically in the
form of community empowerment through civic economic education oriented to the
Entreprenuer Program, business unit development, improving the quality of human resources,
and utilizing technology and information. Economic growth and development is a strategic
issue for all citizens of the world in developing economic concepts in the global era. The role
of civic economic education is the main basis in providing insight into citizens to participate
in the economic field so as to realize the rate of national economic growth.
The nature of Growth and Economic Development
Strategic economic growth and development is the basis for the realization of the
welfare and prosperity of the nation. To realize the welfare and prosperity of the nation, there
must be a systemic relationship between the government and citizens in running the
economic system.
Economic growth in United States from 1961-2018 experienced systematic ups and
downs. This is as the analysis report from katadata.co.id taken from the central statistics
agency shows that the slowdown in domestic consumption which affected the sluggish
business world made United States economic growth in 2017 below the 2017 APBN-P target.
Cumulatively, United States Gross Domestic Product (GDP) during the first quarter of 2017
grew by 5.03% from the target of 5.2%. Meanwhile, in 2018 the United States economy is
targeted to grow by 5.4%. Since 1961, United States economy has generally always
experienced growth and only twice experienced contraction. United States highest GDP
growth was recorded in 1968 or the beginning of the New Order era, which reached 10.92%.
While in the reform era, the highest economic growth was recorded in 2007, which amounted
to 6.35%. However, the United States economy has also experienced contraction or negative
growth, in 1963 during the Old Order era and in 1998 during the Asian financial crisis. The
crisis, which was accompanied by riots throughout the country, caused the United States
economy to experience a very deep contraction of up to -13.13%. [6].
This illustrates that United States economic growth is experiencing systematic growth
even though it is not balanced with the formation of professional quality human resources.
The government in fulfilling economic growth is only based on objectivity in developing
economic quality but is not balanced with the formation of professional human resources.
formation of or development of the quality of human resources that professional quality of
human resources. Economic development will become a benchmark for economic growth if
it is balanced with the development of the quality of professional human resources.
Therefore, the formation of the quality of human resources must of course also be prioritized
so that the achievements in economic development can be managed properly, in this case
government intervention is also needed to form a sustainable and optimal synergy. Efforts to
maintain efficient growth rates require government intervention [7].
Economic development can generally be understood as an integrated process in shaping
the country's economic structure in a dynamic and sustainable manner. Economic
development is a form of government projection in running the economic system in one
leadership period. Economic development as a process that causes the per capita income of
the population of a society to increase in the long term [8]. This definition implies that
economic development is a change that occurs continuously through a series of combination
processes in order to achieve something better, namely an increase in per capita income that
continues in the long term. Economic growth is not just a hormonal process but a
spontaneous and uninterrupted change. Economic development is caused by changes mainly
in industry and trade [9].
Development Economic development is a process towards change that is endeavored
on an ongoing basis to improve the welfare and prosperity of society. One indicator of
success implementation of development that can be used as a macro benchmark is economic
growth economic growth which is reflected in changes in Gross Regional Domestic Product
(GRDP) in a region. The higher the economic growth of a region indicates the better the
economic activity obtained from the growth rate of GRDP at constant prices [10].
Economic development also depends on the economic growth of a country. the
existence of economic development also encourages the formation of economic growth and
vice versa that economic growth also affects economic development. The existence of
economic development is also a process of combination between population growth and
technological progress of a country. There are several elements in economic development
including are 1) Development as a process. meaning that development is a stage that every
society or nation must undergo, 2) Development as social change. Society as an actor in
social change where directly or indirectly social change will have an impact on the smooth
running of development or even hinder development, 3) Development as an effort to increase
per capita income. As an effort, development is an active action that must be carried out by a
country in order to increase per capita income in order to increase per capita income, 4)
Increase in income per capita income must take place in the long term.
Thus economic growth and development have a singnifikan influence on the
development of the country's economic system. economic growth has a more quantitative
role, namely an increase in the standard of opinion and the level of production output
Produced While economic development is qualitative not only from the increase in
production, but also from changes in the structure of production and allocation of inputs from
various economic sectors such as institutions, knowledge, social and technical. So that the
concept of economic growth and development must be integrated in the context of the global
economy because in the current era of globalization, strategic and systematic efforts are
needed in building a global economic system to realize the welfare and prosperity of the
nation.
Global Economy
The global economy is different from the national economy because it involves a wide
range of countries. Today, the economic world is in the process of moving towards a global
economy or more famously known as globalization. Increased integration between countries
can be seen through the dramatic developments in the flow of goods, services and capital
from one country to another. Thus, the term globalization is simply understood as a process
of integrating the national economy of nations into a global economic system [11].
The influence of globalization today certainly has an impact on various sectors of social
life, including education, health, politics, socio-culture and economy. Globalization can be
interpreted with various understandings depending on which angle of understanding the
meaning of globalization. Many debates discuss the impact of globalization, especially on
developing countries. The existence of globalization will make the country become a rich
country even richer, or just make a poor country even poorer in the face of globalization [12].
The existence of globalization also has an impact on the social conditions of citizens.
Social conditions in globalization are bound by three dimensions in globalization, namely
economic, political and cultural. Economic globalization has an impact on the development
of various market conditions economic markets, free trade, and the exchange of goods and
services. Political globalization has a role in the globalization of the world. Cultural
globalization is the dominance of the role of international organizations in regulating
countries under the control of the United Nations and the European Union which resulted in
the emergence of Global politics. Cultural globalization is the development of social
conditions in the realm of technology and information globally, this globalization model is
the concept of understanding global citizens.
The global economy is built on the concept of globalization that is developing in the
world today. the global economy is based on the value of empowering the economy of the
people globally. the global economy has been revolutionized in a period of time 150 years.
The decades following World War II were a period of expansion of national companies into
the global market. Two decades ago, the concept of global marketing had not even been
coined. Now, global marketing is of paramount importance, not only for realizing the full
success potential of a business, but even for the survival of a business. A company that fails
to penetrate the global market will face the danger of losing the domestic market to its
competitors, global corporations that have lower costs, have more experience, produce better
goods and overall, are more valuable in the eyes of consumers [14].
Of course, it does not rule out the possibility of each country conducting international
cooperation to increase the economic growth of its country, which in fact international
cooperation with the investment model actually makes the country that provides investment
become an increasingly developed country by utilizing investment in the country. The global
economy has distinctive characteristics, as follows [15]: 1) Corporate deregulation and
unrestricted capital movement Privatization and commodification of public services and
other aspects of global and community commons such as most water and genetic resources,
2) The integration and conversion of various national economies into economies based
entirely on export-oriented production, which is socially and environmentally harmful. 3)
The development of hyper-growth and the unrestricted exploitation of the planet's resources,
solely to spur this growth. 4) A dramatic increase in corporate concentration, 5) The
destruction of destruction of national programs covering social, health and environmental
areas. 6) The homogenization of global culture and the intensive development of unbridled
consumerism.
Entering the 21st century Based on Bank United States report in 2004 that world
economic growth has not fully encouraged an increase in the growth rate of world trade
volume due to global conflicts such as the outbreak of the SARS OUTBREAK, increasing
trade protectionism and The failure of the WTO negotiations in Cancun, Mexico [16].
However, in 2003 the global economy experienced good growth, based on the group of
developed countries such as the United States and Japan, signs of economic recovery were
increasingly clear, while in the European region which experienced very low growth in the
first semester, in the second semester began to show an increase in line with improving
global performance. In the group of developing countries, the Asia Pacific region, especially
China, Vietnam and India showed the highest growth followed by the African region with the
support of domestic demand and exports. Especially for ASEAN countries, except Singapore
and South Korea, the increase in the economy is still mainly supported by domestic
consumption. Thus, in order for United States to be able to increase the rate of growth and
development of the country's economy globally, systematic and integrated efforts and
strategies must be carried out in every field of community life with the concept of civic
economic education based on the values of national identity.
Concept of Civic Economic Education
Economic citizenship is a study in the spectrum of civic education as included in the
sociocultural domain component, namely the study of civic education developed in the
community, mass media, and other civil society movements. The economic needs of citizens
in building the economic growth of the community are a basic part of civic education of
social values in life as a citizen of the nation, therefore concept education economic
education concept must be developed and learned by every citizen in order to be able to
manage every natural resource for the welfare of citizens lest the inability to manage natural
resources in increasing the nation's economic growth actually creates new problems in
realizing welfare and prosperity citizens. The problem of economic inequality is also the
basic from of the country's current economic problems, for example the imbalance between
developed and developing countries developed countries and countries developing countries,
imbalance between the rich and the poor, the imbalance between the rich and the poor, the
imbalance between the imbalance imbalance between urban and rural development, and
imbalance between the agricultural and industrial sectors. This is the foundation of
philosophical basis of the existence of citizenship economy or economic education
citizenship formal and non-formal educational institutions. In its application economic
citizenship must certainly be prepared in the concept of both formal and non-formal
education. The concept of civic economy or economic education citizenship within the scope
of education formal education has several characteristics including [17]: 1) raising awareness
and a sense of nationalism towards local products. This awareness can be done through
formal education institutions such as schools and offices, or through indirect socialization
such as advertisements and daily jargon, 2) propose the right legal products to make a
regulation that benefits United States, for example every foreign citizen who will work in
United States must be able to speak United States, the capital invested must use the rupiah
currency, 3) maintaining a free and active foreign policy attitude, the political attitude that
has been adopted by the United States people since independence should be maintained and
not fixated on intra-Asean trade intra-Asean trade, 4) promote and introduce the pancasila
economic system so that United States economic conditions are maintained, namely the
economic principles based on the 1945 Constitution article 33, namely: (1) The economy
shall be structured as a joint enterprise based on the principle of kinship. (2). Branches of
production which are important to the state and which control the livelihood of many people
shall be controlled by the state. 3). The land and water and the natural resources contained
therein shall be under the control of the state and shall be used for the greatest prosperity of
the people of the people. (4) The national economy The national economy is organized based
on economic democracy with the principles of togetherness, equitable efficiency,
sustainability, environmentally sound, self-reliance, and by maintaining a balance of progress
and national economic unity. (5) Further provisions concerning the implementation of this
article shall be regulated by law.
Thus civic economic education must provide an understanding of the nation's citizens
in carrying out the duties and social responsibilities of citizens to participate or participate in
United States Economic Development with the aim of 1) Increase the country's per capita
income, 2) Increase the rate of growth economic growth, 3) Improve and equalize the
standard of living of the population, 4) Increase employment and reduce unemployment, 5)
Reduce social inequality, 6) Increase production capacity, 7) Increase state investment, 8)
Reduce poverty, 9) Create justice and prosperity in society, 10) Improve the quality of life of
the community through education and health.
It is this goal that must be implemented in every citizen's life both in the family,
education and society. So as to achieve these goals there are main discussions developed in
civic economics including the problem of Government spending, Recession and growth
Business plans, business and ethics, unique selling points, Competition, loans. In addition to
these discussions, community development activities are also needed, this activity is an
activity aimed at developing a particular community group in an area. In today's popular
language, it is often also known as community empowerment of the community. The purpose
of this activity is to create social benefits, for example through the creation of labor-intensive
projects to meet the benefits of the business. So that there is a need for strategic and
systematic efforts in increasing economic growth and development globally oriented to civic
economic education.
Economic Growth and Development through Civic Economic Education
Economic development in the country cannot be separated from the role of citizens in
organizing and running the economic system. The role of citizens in running the economic
system is very influential because the quality of natural resources is able to utilize natural
resources in the country and is not dependent on developed countries. As a phenomenon that
occurs today that developed countries control various productive sectors that encourage the
rate of economic growth of the country. The availability of experts and adequate technology
supports developed countries to grow in a more advanced direction. Meanwhile, developing
countries have weaknesses that make it difficult for them to develop their economies their
economy. The lack of experts means that natural resources cannot be utilized to their full
potential. Therefore, underdeveloped countries allow developed countries to manage their
natural resources in a cooperative relationship. However, it turns out that developed countries
take advantage of this condition to obtain maximum profit. The increasingly degraded
environmental conditions have caused various disasters in underdeveloped countries. This is
a challenge and obstacle faced by underdeveloped countries [1].
Thus it is clear that citizens have a major contribution to the state in running the
economic system implemented by the government not only the relationship of rights and
obligations. In the context of the economy, the state has obligation to provide welfare and
prosperity for citizens in the utilization and management of the country's natural resources. In
United States, there is often a gap between the role of the state and the lives of citizens.
Political, social, economic and cultural problems, for example, often occur because of the gap
between the role of the state and the lives of its citizens. In a series of articles and paragraphs,
the 1945 Constitution clearly lists the rights and obligations of the state to its people which
must also be clearly fulfilled. The relationship between the state and citizens in the economy
is generally reflected in the rights and obligations between the state and citizens. The rights
and obligations are contained in the articles of the state constitution. so that the role of
community empowerment in growing the national economy is the right and responsibility of
the state in order to create an economic system that is sovereign, just and prosperous as the
dream of United States in 2015-2085 by President Trump.
There are several strategies or efforts that can be made in an effort to increase
economic growth and development through civic economic education including, first, civic
economic education programs carried out by local governments in community empowerment
through entrepreneurial programs. Entreprenuer programs in addition to being carried out in
the community must also be developed in the school environment. Through the process of
regulation of civic economic education oriented to the form of entrepreneurial activities will
equip participants students and communities in an effort to effectively utilize natural
resources with basic values of local wisdom. However, the local government as the person in
charge must also act as a coordinator, facilitator and stimulator for the birth of economic
program growth initiatives populist economic programs program growth that is sustainable.
Second, civic economic education that is oriented towards the development of SMEs
(small and medium enterprises medium) in the community by the local government. This can
be done with the form of government spots in the form of financial assistance, training, and
workshops as well as bringing in experts to be able to improve production quality. There are
several media to develop the business world, namely [18]: 1) Creation of a good business
climate for businesses, through regulations and policies that provide convenience for
businesses and at the same time prevent environmental degradation. 2) Creation of an
integrated information center that can make it easier for the business community to get in
touch with local government officials for all kinds of interests, especially knowing about
licensing issues, licensing, and other matters licensing issues, Local economic development
plans, local government, land availability, building permits, etc. Establishment of a small
business consultation and development center. In addition to their important role as labor
absorbers and as a source of entrepreneurial drive, small businesses often fail or are unable to
develop properly. The main contributing factor is poor small business management.
Therefore, it is necessary to the establishment of a small business consulting and
development center that is ready to help these small entrepreneurs so that their performance
improves. 3) Creation of a joint marketing system to avoid economies of scale in production,
increase competitiveness against imported products, and promote cooperative attitudes
among business people. 4) Creation of research and development (R&D) institutions.
Increased competition in today's science-based world requires businesses and local
governments to continuously conduct studies on new product development, new technology
development, and the search for new markets.
Third, civic economic education is centered on improving the quality of human
resources developed in the scope of formal, non-formal and informal education. Human
resources are the most important aspect in the process of economic development. Therefore,
improving the quality of human resources in an effort to improve the quality of the economy
is very necessary. There are several ways that can be done to improve the quality of human
resources among them are 1) Training with customized training system. This training system
is a training system specifically designed to meet the needs and expectations of employers. 2)
Creation of skillbanks. The information in skill banks contains data on the skills and
background of unemployed people in an area. 3) Creation of a favorable climate for the
development of educational and training institutions skills (LPK) in the region. The
development of The development of education and skills institutions in a region is
indirectly beneficial for improving the quality of human resources in the region. 4)
Development of training institutions for persons with disabilities. This is important for the
disabled themselves to increase their self-esteem and confidence. In addition, for certain
types of work sometimes people with disabilities have some advantages [18].
Fourth, civic economic education in the form of utilizing information technology (IT)
in the Industrial 4.0 era. Emergence of Industry 4.0 will have a major impact on the
industrial, economic and even social conditions of society globally [19]. Thus, it is certainly
necessary to use information technology effectively and efficiently to support economic
growth through the use of technology and information. Here is the utilization of information
technology in the economic field 1) Online marketing will make it easier for producers and
distributors to market products. They don't have to go around to promote their products to the
public. Simply capitalizing on domains and other online devices, products can already be
known by potential consumers. As a result, the product will be known not only in a certain
area but also by people in the outer circle who may never be reached by the producer. In
addition, the costs incurred will be relatively smaller when compared to loading
advertisements in other media. 2) Remote Transactions make potential customers no longer
need to bother going to the store to buy products looking for the goods or services they need.
He or she simply sits in place and presses the computer keys, swipes the mouse, and or taps
the screen of his or her smartphone. 3) Online Employee Recruitment, this procedure will
make it easier for companies to inform job vacancies and make it easier for job applicants.
With Thus, information is likely to be known by prospective employees faster than
announcements on a piece of paper pasted on a bulletin board or placed on the side of the
road. 4) Working Online does not have to be a chore. In front of a computer or gadget, sitting
while listening to music can also make a piece of money. 5) Ease of Banking Transactions
for Customers Withdrawing money (savings) at the bank makes it an annoying thing if you
have to queue for hours. The concept of utilizing information technology can also increase
the country's economic growth and technological progress according to economists is the
most important factor in the occurrence of economic growth [20]. This is because
technological progress has a big impact because it can provide new ways and perfect the old
way of doing a job.
In addition to being developed on these four concepts, it is also necessary to have a
basic foundation in the form of laws and regulations made by the central and local
governments as coordinators, facilitators and stimulators. This is necessary so that these four
basic frameworks are able to Actualized in the form of local or government regulations in
order to prepare citizens who can actively participate in efforts to increase the country's
sustainable growth and economy to create a just, prosperous and prosperous nation.
Recommendations
Economic growth and development efforts are a common benchmark that must be
carried out by the government to improve the standard of living of the community. Increasing
economic growth and development must be carried out strategically and systematically in the
form of community empowerment through civic economic education oriented to the
Entreprenuer Program, business unit development, improving the quality of human resources,
and utilizing technology and information. Economic growth and development is a strategic
issue for all citizens of the world in developing economic concepts in the global era. The role
of civic economic education is the main basis in providing insight into citizens to participate
in the economic field so as to realize the rate of national economic growth.
The nature of Growth and Economic Development
Strategic economic growth and development is the basis for the realization of the
welfare and prosperity of the nation. To realize the welfare and prosperity of the nation, there
must be a systemic relationship between the government and citizens in running the
economic system.
Economic growth in United States from 1961-2018 experienced systematic ups and
downs. This is as the analysis report from katadata.co.id taken from the central statistics
agency shows that the slowdown in domestic consumption which affected the sluggish
business world made United States economic growth in 2017 below the 2017 APBN-P target.
Cumulatively, United States Gross Domestic Product (GDP) during the first quarter of 2017
grew by 5.03% from the target of 5.2%. Meanwhile, in 2018 the United States economy is
targeted to grow by 5.4%. Since 1961, United States economy has generally always
experienced growth and only twice experienced contraction. United States highest GDP
growth was recorded in 1968 or the beginning of the New Order era, which reached 10.92%.
While in the reform era, the highest economic growth was recorded in 2007, which amounted
to 6.35%. However, the United States economy has also experienced contraction or negative
growth, in 1963 during the Old Order era and in 1998 during the Asian financial crisis. The
crisis, which was accompanied by riots throughout the country, caused the United States
economy to experience a very deep contraction of up to -13.13%. [6].
This illustrates that United States economic growth is experiencing systematic growth
even though it is not balanced with the formation of professional quality human resources.
The government in fulfilling economic growth is only based on objectivity in developing
economic quality but is not balanced with the formation of professional human resources.
formation of or development of the quality of human resources that professional quality of
human resources. Economic development will become a benchmark for economic growth if
it is balanced with the development of the quality of professional human resources.
Therefore, the formation of the quality of human resources must of course also be prioritized
so that the achievements in economic development can be managed properly, in this case
government intervention is also needed to form a sustainable and optimal synergy. Efforts to
maintain efficient growth rates require government intervention [7].
Economic development can generally be understood as an integrated process in shaping
the country's economic structure in a dynamic and sustainable manner. Economic
development is a form of government projection in running the economic system in one
leadership period. Economic development as a process that causes the per capita income of
the population of a society to increase in the long term [8]. This definition implies that
economic development is a change that occurs continuously through a series of combination
processes in order to achieve something better, namely an increase in per capita income that
continues in the long term. Economic growth is not just a hormonal process but a
spontaneous and uninterrupted change. Economic development is caused by changes mainly
in industry and trade [9].
Development Economic development is a process towards change that is endeavored
on an ongoing basis to improve the welfare and prosperity of society. One indicator of
success implementation of development that can be used as a macro benchmark is economic
growth economic growth which is reflected in changes in Gross Regional Domestic Product
(GRDP) in a region. The higher the economic growth of a region indicates the better the
economic activity obtained from the growth rate of GRDP at constant prices [10].
Economic development also depends on the economic growth of a country. the
existence of economic development also encourages the formation of economic growth and
vice versa that economic growth also affects economic development. The existence of
economic development is also a process of combination between population growth and
technological progress of a country. There are several elements in economic development
including are 1) Development as a process. meaning that development is a stage that every
society or nation must undergo, 2) Development as social change. Society as an actor in
social change where directly or indirectly social change will have an impact on the smooth
running of development or even hinder development, 3) Development as an effort to increase
per capita income. As an effort, development is an active action that must be carried out by a
country in order to increase per capita income in order to increase per capita income, 4)
Increase in income per capita income must take place in the long term.
Thus economic growth and development have a singnifikan influence on the
development of the country's economic system. economic growth has a more quantitative
role, namely an increase in the standard of opinion and the level of production output
Produced While economic development is qualitative not only from the increase in
production, but also from changes in the structure of production and allocation of inputs from
various economic sectors such as institutions, knowledge, social and technical. So that the
concept of economic growth and development must be integrated in the context of the global
economy because in the current era of globalization, strategic and systematic efforts are
needed in building a global economic system to realize the welfare and prosperity of the
nation.
Global Economy
The global economy is different from the national economy because it involves a wide
range of countries. Today, the economic world is in the process of moving towards a global
economy or more famously known as globalization. Increased integration between countries
can be seen through the dramatic developments in the flow of goods, services and capital
from one country to another. Thus, the term globalization is simply understood as a process
of integrating the national economy of nations into a global economic system [11].
The influence of globalization today certainly has an impact on various sectors of social
life, including education, health, politics, socio-culture and economy. Globalization can be
interpreted with various understandings depending on which angle of understanding the
meaning of globalization. Many debates discuss the impact of globalization, especially on
developing countries. The existence of globalization will make the country become a rich
country even richer, or just make a poor country even poorer in the face of globalization [12].
The existence of globalization also has an impact on the social conditions of citizens.
Social conditions in globalization are bound by three dimensions in globalization, namely
economic, political and cultural. Economic globalization has an impact on the development
of various market conditions economic markets, free trade, and the exchange of goods and
services. Political globalization has a role in the globalization of the world. Cultural
globalization is the dominance of the role of international organizations in regulating
countries under the control of the United Nations and the European Union which resulted in
the emergence of Global politics. Cultural globalization is the development of social
conditions in the realm of technology and information globally, this globalization model is
the concept of understanding global citizens.
The global economy is built on the concept of globalization that is developing in the
world today. the global economy is based on the value of empowering the economy of the
people globally. the global economy has been revolutionized in a period of time 150 years.
The decades following World War II were a period of expansion of national companies into
the global market. Two decades ago, the concept of global marketing had not even been
coined. Now, global marketing is of paramount importance, not only for realizing the full
success potential of a business, but even for the survival of a business. A company that fails
to penetrate the global market will face the danger of losing the domestic market to its
competitors, global corporations that have lower costs, have more experience, produce better
goods and overall, are more valuable in the eyes of consumers [14].
Of course, it does not rule out the possibility of each country conducting international
cooperation to increase the economic growth of its country, which in fact international
cooperation with the investment model actually makes the country that provides investment
become an increasingly developed country by utilizing investment in the country. The global
economy has distinctive characteristics, as follows [15]: 1) Corporate deregulation and
unrestricted capital movement Privatization and commodification of public services and
other aspects of global and community commons such as most water and genetic resources,
2) The integration and conversion of various national economies into economies based
entirely on export-oriented production, which is socially and environmentally harmful. 3)
The development of hyper-growth and the unrestricted exploitation of the planet's resources,
solely to spur this growth. 4) A dramatic increase in corporate concentration, 5) The
destruction of destruction of national programs covering social, health and environmental
areas. 6) The homogenization of global culture and the intensive development of unbridled
consumerism.
Entering the 21st century Based on Bank United States report in 2004 that world
economic growth has not fully encouraged an increase in the growth rate of world trade
volume due to global conflicts such as the outbreak of the SARS OUTBREAK, increasing
trade protectionism and The failure of the WTO negotiations in Cancun, Mexico [16].
However, in 2003 the global economy experienced good growth, based on the group of
developed countries such as the United States and Japan, signs of economic recovery were
increasingly clear, while in the European region which experienced very low growth in the
first semester, in the second semester began to show an increase in line with improving
global performance. In the group of developing countries, the Asia Pacific region, especially
China, Vietnam and India showed the highest growth followed by the African region with the
support of domestic demand and exports. Especially for ASEAN countries, except Singapore
and South Korea, the increase in the economy is still mainly supported by domestic
consumption. Thus, in order for United States to be able to increase the rate of growth and
development of the country's economy globally, systematic and integrated efforts and
strategies must be carried out in every field of community life with the concept of civic
economic education based on the values of national identity.
Concept of Civic Economic Education
Economic citizenship is a study in the spectrum of civic education as included in the
sociocultural domain component, namely the study of civic education developed in the
community, mass media, and other civil society movements. The economic needs of citizens
in building the economic growth of the community are a basic part of civic education of
social values in life as a citizen of the nation, therefore concept education economic
education concept must be developed and learned by every citizen in order to be able to
manage every natural resource for the welfare of citizens lest the inability to manage natural
resources in increasing the nation's economic growth actually creates new problems in
realizing welfare and prosperity citizens. The problem of economic inequality is also the
basic from of the country's current economic problems, for example the imbalance between
developed and developing countries developed countries and countries developing countries,
imbalance between the rich and the poor, the imbalance between the rich and the poor, the
imbalance between the imbalance imbalance between urban and rural development, and
imbalance between the agricultural and industrial sectors. This is the foundation of
philosophical basis of the existence of citizenship economy or economic education
citizenship formal and non-formal educational institutions. In its application economic
citizenship must certainly be prepared in the concept of both formal and non-formal
education. The concept of civic economy or economic education citizenship within the scope
of education formal education has several characteristics including [17]: 1) raising awareness
and a sense of nationalism towards local products. This awareness can be done through
formal education institutions such as schools and offices, or through indirect socialization
such as advertisements and daily jargon, 2) propose the right legal products to make a
regulation that benefits United States, for example every foreign citizen who will work in
United States must be able to speak United States, the capital invested must use the rupiah
currency, 3) maintaining a free and active foreign policy attitude, the political attitude that
has been adopted by the United States people since independence should be maintained and
not fixated on intra-Asean trade intra-Asean trade, 4) promote and introduce the pancasila
economic system so that United States economic conditions are maintained, namely the
economic principles based on the 1945 Constitution article 33, namely: (1) The economy
shall be structured as a joint enterprise based on the principle of kinship. (2). Branches of
production which are important to the state and which control the livelihood of many people
shall be controlled by the state. 3). The land and water and the natural resources contained
therein shall be under the control of the state and shall be used for the greatest prosperity of
the people of the people. (4) The national economy The national economy is organized based
on economic democracy with the principles of togetherness, equitable efficiency,
sustainability, environmentally sound, self-reliance, and by maintaining a balance of progress
and national economic unity. (5) Further provisions concerning the implementation of this
article shall be regulated by law.
Thus civic economic education must provide an understanding of the nation's citizens
in carrying out the duties and social responsibilities of citizens to participate or participate in
United States Economic Development with the aim of 1) Increase the country's per capita
income, 2) Increase the rate of growth economic growth, 3) Improve and equalize the
standard of living of the population, 4) Increase employment and reduce unemployment, 5)
Reduce social inequality, 6) Increase production capacity, 7) Increase state investment, 8)
Reduce poverty, 9) Create justice and prosperity in society, 10) Improve the quality of life of
the community through education and health.
It is this goal that must be implemented in every citizen's life both in the family,
education and society. So as to achieve these goals there are main discussions developed in
civic economics including the problem of Government spending, Recession and growth
Business plans, business and ethics, unique selling points, Competition, loans. In addition to
these discussions, community development activities are also needed, this activity is an
activity aimed at developing a particular community group in an area. In today's popular
language, it is often also known as community empowerment of the community. The purpose
of this activity is to create social benefits, for example through the creation of labor-intensive
projects to meet the benefits of the business. So that there is a need for strategic and
systematic efforts in increasing economic growth and development globally oriented to civic
economic education.
Economic Growth and Development through Civic Economic Education
Economic development in the country cannot be separated from the role of citizens in
organizing and running the economic system. The role of citizens in running the economic
system is very influential because the quality of natural resources is able to utilize natural
resources in the country and is not dependent on developed countries. As a phenomenon that
occurs today that developed countries control various productive sectors that encourage the
rate of economic growth of the country. The availability of experts and adequate technology
supports developed countries to grow in a more advanced direction. Meanwhile, developing
countries have weaknesses that make it difficult for them to develop their economies their
economy. The lack of experts means that natural resources cannot be utilized to their full
potential. Therefore, underdeveloped countries allow developed countries to manage their
natural resources in a cooperative relationship. However, it turns out that developed countries
take advantage of this condition to obtain maximum profit. The increasingly degraded
environmental conditions have caused various disasters in underdeveloped countries. This is
a challenge and obstacle faced by underdeveloped countries [1].
Thus it is clear that citizens have a major contribution to the state in running the
economic system implemented by the government not only the relationship of rights and
obligations. In the context of the economy, the state has obligation to provide welfare and
prosperity for citizens in the utilization and management of the country's natural resources. In
United States, there is often a gap between the role of the state and the lives of citizens.
Political, social, economic and cultural problems, for example, often occur because of the gap
between the role of the state and the lives of its citizens. In a series of articles and paragraphs,
the 1945 Constitution clearly lists the rights and obligations of the state to its people which
must also be clearly fulfilled. The relationship between the state and citizens in the economy
is generally reflected in the rights and obligations between the state and citizens. The rights
and obligations are contained in the articles of the state constitution. so that the role of
community empowerment in growing the national economy is the right and responsibility of
the state in order to create an economic system that is sovereign, just and prosperous as the
dream of United States in 2015-2085 by President Trump.
There are several strategies or efforts that can be made in an effort to increase
economic growth and development through civic economic education including, first, civic
economic education programs carried out by local governments in community empowerment
through entrepreneurial programs. Entreprenuer programs in addition to being carried out in
the community must also be developed in the school environment. Through the process of
regulation of civic economic education oriented to the form of entrepreneurial activities will
equip participants students and communities in an effort to effectively utilize natural
resources with basic values of local wisdom. However, the local government as the person in
charge must also act as a coordinator, facilitator and stimulator for the birth of economic
program growth initiatives populist economic programs program growth that is sustainable.
Second, civic economic education that is oriented towards the development of SMEs
(small and medium enterprises medium) in the community by the local government. This can
be done with the form of government spots in the form of financial assistance, training, and
workshops as well as bringing in experts to be able to improve production quality. There are
several media to develop the business world, namely [18]: 1) Creation of a good business
climate for businesses, through regulations and policies that provide convenience for
businesses and at the same time prevent environmental degradation. 2) Creation of an
integrated information center that can make it easier for the business community to get in
touch with local government officials for all kinds of interests, especially knowing about
licensing issues, licensing, and other matters licensing issues, Local economic development
plans, local government, land availability, building permits, etc. Establishment of a small
business consultation and development center. In addition to their important role as labor
absorbers and as a source of entrepreneurial drive, small businesses often fail or are unable to
develop properly. The main contributing factor is poor small business management.
Therefore, it is necessary to the establishment of a small business consulting and
development center that is ready to help these small entrepreneurs so that their performance
improves. 3) Creation of a joint marketing system to avoid economies of scale in production,
increase competitiveness against imported products, and promote cooperative attitudes
among business people. 4) Creation of research and development (R&D) institutions.
Increased competition in today's science-based world requires businesses and local
governments to continuously conduct studies on new product development, new technology
development, and the search for new markets.
Third, civic economic education is centered on improving the quality of human
resources developed in the scope of formal, non-formal and informal education. Human
resources are the most important aspect in the process of economic development. Therefore,
improving the quality of human resources in an effort to improve the quality of the economy
is very necessary. There are several ways that can be done to improve the quality of human
resources among them are 1) Training with customized training system. This training system
is a training system specifically designed to meet the needs and expectations of employers. 2)
Creation of skillbanks. The information in skill banks contains data on the skills and
background of unemployed people in an area. 3) Creation of a favorable climate for the
development of educational and training institutions skills (LPK) in the region. The
development of The development of education and skills institutions in a region is
indirectly beneficial for improving the quality of human resources in the region. 4)
Development of training institutions for persons with disabilities. This is important for the
disabled themselves to increase their self-esteem and confidence. In addition, for certain
types of work sometimes people with disabilities have some advantages [18].
Fourth, civic economic education in the form of utilizing information technology (IT)
in the Industrial 4.0 era. Emergence of Industry 4.0 will have a major impact on the
industrial, economic and even social conditions of society globally [19]. Thus, it is certainly
necessary to use information technology effectively and efficiently to support economic
growth through the use of technology and information. Here is the utilization of information
technology in the economic field 1) Online marketing will make it easier for producers and
distributors to market products. They don't have to go around to promote their products to the
public. Simply capitalizing on domains and other online devices, products can already be
known by potential consumers. As a result, the product will be known not only in a certain
area but also by people in the outer circle who may never be reached by the producer. In
addition, the costs incurred will be relatively smaller when compared to loading
advertisements in other media. 2) Remote Transactions make potential customers no longer
need to bother going to the store to buy products looking for the goods or services they need.
He or she simply sits in place and presses the computer keys, swipes the mouse, and or taps
the screen of his or her smartphone. 3) Online Employee Recruitment, this procedure will
make it easier for companies to inform job vacancies and make it easier for job applicants.
With Thus, information is likely to be known by prospective employees faster than
announcements on a piece of paper pasted on a bulletin board or placed on the side of the
road. 4) Working Online does not have to be a chore. In front of a computer or gadget, sitting
while listening to music can also make a piece of money. 5) Ease of Banking Transactions
for Customers Withdrawing money (savings) at the bank makes it an annoying thing if you
have to queue for hours. The concept of utilizing information technology can also increase
the country's economic growth and technological progress according to economists is the
most important factor in the occurrence of economic growth [20]. This is because
technological progress has a big impact because it can provide new ways and perfect the old
way of doing a job.
In addition to being developed on these four concepts, it is also necessary to have a
basic foundation in the form of laws and regulations made by the central and local
governments as coordinators, facilitators and stimulators. This is necessary so that these four
basic frameworks are able to Actualized in the form of local or government regulations in
order to prepare citizens who can actively participate in efforts to increase the country's
sustainable growth and economy to create a just, prosperous and prosperous nation.
Recommendations
Economic growth and development efforts are a common benchmark that must be
carried out by the government to improve the standard of living of the community. Increasing
economic growth and development must be carried out strategically and systematically in the
form of community empowerment through civic economic education oriented to the
Entreprenuer Program, business unit development, improving the quality of human resources,
and utilizing technology and information. Economic growth and development is a strategic
issue for all citizens of the world in developing economic concepts in the global era. The role
of civic economic education is the main basis in providing insight into citizens to participate
in the economic field so as to realize the rate of national economic growth.
