Use of Antimicrobials in Ancient Societies
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists (Figure 11.4.111.4.1) who have long used plants
for a wide variety of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial
properties of fungi and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat
wounds has been well documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s
population still relies on plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active
compounds conferring the medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used
plants.
Figure 11.4.111.4.1: For millennia, Chinese herbalists have used many different species of
plants for the treatment of a wide variety of human ailments.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery of
antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
Although the discovery of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly
associated with modern medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to
antimicrobial compounds for millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people
from Nubia1 (now found in present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have
shown residue of the antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the
purposeful fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making
process. The resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of
ailments in both adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial
properties of certain plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the
world, including Indian and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety
of medical purposes. Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi
and their use of moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well
documented for centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on
plant-derived medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the
medicinal benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants. Although the discovery
of antimicrobials and their subsequent widespread use is commonly associated with modern
medicine, there is evidence that humans have been exposed to antimicrobial compounds for
millennia. Chemical analyses of the skeletal remains of people from Nubia1 (now found in
present-day Sudan) dating from between 350 and 550 AD have shown residue of the
antimicrobial agent tetracycline in high enough quantities to suggest the purposeful
fermentation of tetracycline-producing Streptomyces during the beer-making process. The
resulting beer, which was thick and gruel-like, was used to treat a variety of ailments in both
adults and children, including gum disease and wounds. The antimicrobial properties of certain
plants may also have been recognized by various cultures around the world, including Indian
and Chinese herbalists, who have long used plants for a wide variety of medical purposes.
Healers of many cultures understood the antimicrobial properties of fungi and their use of
moldy bread or other mold-containing products to treat wounds has been well documented for
centuries.2 Today, while about 80% of the world’s population still relies on plant-derived
medicines,3 scientists are now discovering the active compounds conferring the medicinal
benefits contained in many of these traditionally used plants.
