Module 3 — pre-participation evaluation: legal considerations cont…
● Protection from liability
○ Adhere to standard of care (GETP)
■ ACSM is what determines the standard of care
○ USE waivers, consent forms, assumption of risk forms
■ A consent form is an “assumption of risk”, does not protect from
negligence — no amount of insurance will protect you from negligence
● Not legal documents but helpful in law suits
■ A waiver is a legal document that precludes the client from suing you from
INHERENT RISK (e.g., ♥ condition, likely will not be held responsible if
you did pre-screening)
● Legal contract/document for ordinary negligence; can still be held
responsible for gross negligence
■ Neither document will protect you from a lawsuit, but you will stand a
much better chance is winning if you can prove you did your “due
diligence” with reasonable standard of care
○ Purchase insurance
■ ACSM partners with insurance companies so that professionals can have
insurance; ~$100/yr
Module 4 — Testing guidelines: blood pressure, ♥ rate, EKG assessment
● Blood pressure
○ Top # is systolic, bottom # is diastolic
○ Driving force for moving blood through circulatory system
○ Normal: M=120/80; F=110/70
■ High blood pressure (hypertension) plays major role in such health issues
as ♥ attacks, stroke, and kidney disease
○ New guidelines published by AHA, yet to be adopted by ACSM
■ Normal = less than 120 (SBP) and less than 80 (DBP)
■ Elevated = 120-130 (SBP) and less than 80 (DBP)
■ High (hypertension stage 1) = 130-139 (SBP) and/or 80-89 (DBP)
■ High (hypertension stage 2) = 140 or higher or 89 or higher
● Don't need to know the stages
■ Hypertension crisis = higher than stage 2 guidelines
● Don't need to know the stages
○ Cardiac output formula: HR x SV
■ SV is measured in ml/beat
○ Physiology review:
■ As blood vessel diameter increases, blood pressure decreases
■ As heart rate decreases, blood pressure decreases
■ Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP): when blood ventricles are squeezing,
blood pressure increases, when ventricles begin to relax, blood pressure
decreases; during a cardiac cycle, you are never at a constant mean
pressure
● Formula: DBP + 0.33 (PP)
○ PP = SBP - DBP
● Closer to diastolic # because you spend more time in diastoly
● Really only used for rest
● Normal range: 70-105
● Normal exercise: 100 mm Hg
