PERSUASIVE COMMUNICATION IN MAINTAINING VOLUNTEER
LOYALTY IN SOCIAL COMMUNITIES
Introduction
A community is a group of people formed on the basis of similarities and will
disappear if the previously agreed goals are no longer the same and are no longer strong.
Bandung is one of the big cities that houses various communities with all their uniqueness.
Ridwan Kamil as the Mayor of Bandung in 2016 mentioned that there are at least 5000
communities in Bandung ranging from economic, environmental, social and hobby
communities that were formed because of the culture of Bandung residents who are like
gather. One of the non-profit category communities is in the social community humanitarian
community. Based on the goal of doing good, they are formed and carry out activities that
have been agreed upon beforehand.
Sebung (Sego Bungkus) Bandung, which means wrapped rice, is one of the
communities engaged in social humanitarian work. Established in 2017, the main activity of
this community is to distribute "Wrapped Rice" to the homeless and the poor. Sebung
Bandung activities are carried out once a week on Friday night at 20.00 WIB. The
sustainability of this community is based on the consistency of the Sebung Bandung activists
who are present every Friday to take to the streets and distribute packets of rice. Sebung
Bandung mobilizers are volunteers who are active in taking to the streets and distributing
rice during Sebung's routine activities. These volunteers are dominated by young people
aged 18 to 24 years.
Having the same goals and values is not enough to sustain a relationship masses in a
community. Thackray in Leksono (2014) says boredom in monotonous activities is widely
recognized as an undesirable side effect due to boredom in doing repetitive activities.
Weekly activities that are always the same and last for three years, can cause boredom for
volunteers who move down the street. If the volunteers are not there, the community will not
last long. It takes a persuasive strategy communicated by the community management, so
that the volunteers do not encounter boredom in the routine activities in it.
Sebung Bandung, which is a branch of Sebung Surabaya, has a different focus. They
emphasize that the treatment provided by the management does not focus on Sebung's
targets, but on volunteers who are the active drivers of Sebung Bandung. Sebung
administrators apply persuasive communication to the entire series of Sebung activities,
namely briefings, greetings, sharing sessions, and free events. This will create a loyal
attitude so that members will remain in the community, even though the community is
experiencing progress or decline (Nitisemito, 2013: 135). The loyalty of Sebung volunteers
is shown by their active contribution to attend every weekly Sebung activity and other
Sebung events.
The social community Sebung Bandung was chosen as the object, and persuasive
communication in maintaining the loyalty of the community's volunteers as the topic of
discussion, because this community is still in its infancy. The Sebung community is
consistently engaged with volunteers who actively contribute as drivers in the routine
activities of the Sebung community. While for 3 years running, the series of activities
carried out are relatively the same. Sebung Bandung as a social community has an obligation
to maintain its volunteers with persuasive activities that are applied in various specific
aspects. One of them is providing needs that they do not realize.
There is previous research that discusses the persuasive communication of the kongkow
nulis community in improving the culture of writing among Pekanbaru City students
(Caroline, 2018). The results of this study are the efforts made by building credibility and
persuasive messages by the community, then providing programs and treatment to the
community to have a project whose output is a book work. The persuasive method applied
by community administrators is through students' cognitive, lifestyle and emotional needs.
Sebung Bandung as a social community has an obligation to maintain its volunteers with
persuasive methods applied in various specific aspects.
The selection of persuasive methods is very much considered to make it easier for the
community to be able to maintain the retention of the activists or volunteers in it. That way
the community can boost its existence and not be eroded by time. The purpose of this
research is to understand the implementation of persuasive communication in maintaining
volunteer loyalty in the Sebung Bandung social community.
Research Methods
This research uses a type of qualitative research with a paradigm constructivism.
Research This research holds that knowledge is not only the result of experience of facts, but
also the result of the construction of the thoughts of the subject under study (Morissan,
2013: 31). This research chose the subject of persuasive communication in maintaining
volunteer loyalty in the Sebung Bandung social community. Researchers examined how the
activities of all community activists in conducting persuasive communication to attract the
interest and loyalty of community volunteers as well as the place and environment where the
persuasive communication process occurs between the management, activists and targets of
the Sebung Bandung social community.
The research object in this study is the community activists, including administrators
and volunteers who are active in activities in the Sebung Bandung community. Researchers
detailed the object of this research by taking informants consisting of key informants,
namely the co-founder of the Sebung Bandung community, main informants, namely 5
active volunteers of the Sebung Bandung community, and expert informants, namely a
social observer. This research applies primary and secondary data collection techniques,
namely:
Participatory Observation
This participant observation is a data collection technique that is carried out by direct
interaction with the observed subjects, watching what they do, listening to what they say,
and following every activity carried out by the subject under study. The participatory
observation technique is used to collect data or information that is outward in nature, as
characterized by the following observation by utilizing all five senses (Ibrahim, 2015:84).
Semi-Structured Interview
In semi-structured interviews the researcher only prepares a few key questions to
guide the course of the interview question and answer process. The prepared questions also
have the possibility to be developed in the interview process (Ibrahim, 2015: 89-90). This
technique was carried out to all informants including key informants, main informants and
additional informants.
Documentation
Documents referred to as data collection sources in qualitative research are those
related to recorded events, processes, social settings regarding the events under study
(Ibrahim, 2015: 96).
This research chose source triangulation to check and compare data from various
sources. Researchers conducted interviews with key informants, namely volunteers from the
Sebung Bandung social community, who were not simply taken and considered to be correct
information. Then the results of the interviews will be compared between the main
informants with each other and between the main informants and key informants. If they are
mutually sustainable, conclusions can be drawn and the results of the interview can be
proven correct and valid.
Research Results and Discussion
Based on the data that has been obtained, the results and discussion will be explained linked
to relevant theories and concepts.
Rational Persuasion
Rational action according to Weber relates to conscious consideration and the choice
that the action is expressed (Johnson, 2004: 220). Rational persuasion was implemented in
the initial series of weekly Sebung activities which took place every Friday at
20.00 WIB at the Bandung City Hall Historical Park. The activity is led by the person in
charge, which is usually taken over by the founder and co-founder of Sebung Bandung.
They started the activity with a briefing, namely a brief introduction to the Sebung
community, including the beginning of its establishment, a series of activities, and the goals
of the Sebung community itself. This was followed by an introduction to each of the
volunteers present and directions in carrying out the next series of activities. All
explanations spoken by the person in charge are always accompanied by the provision of
data or facts which are the reasons for the rules or things that Sebung community volunteers
must do.
The data and facts are obtained from the experience of the person in charge of
managing social programs or activities elsewhere. The person in charge who became the
speaker in the briefing session had two important criteria, namely credibility and
attractiveness (interest, similarity, beauty). The main objective during the briefing is to
convey a requirement for Sebung Bandung volunteers in the next series of activities, to greet
and motivate the target which is carried out for 10-15 minutes. This is a form of real
implementation of how Sebung's management conduct persuasive communication to its
volunteers. Therefore, greeting and providing motivation directed by the Sebung
management to volunteers is the first step to building volunteer loyalty. The management
provides examples and persuades with things that lead to social and humanitarian meanings.
Consultation Tactics
Dala Carnegie in Great Influencer (2018: 66) says that interest in the interlocutor can
be actualized in various ways. Even with the expression that someone is interested in
personality, experience, strengths and so on. It is also shown with body language and forms
of attention. Consultation Tactics are implemented in several series of Sebung activities, one
of which is a sharing session. The management provides a means for volunteers to be able to
hone their public speaking skills. This session was held after going to the streets at the
gathering point, Taman Sejarah. This method is in the form of an activity, where volunteers
have the opportunity to share the sharing experience that has been carried out in the down
the street session. This session was led directly by the Sebung management who was in
charge of the activity.
By forming a forum to develop public speaking skills, volunteers can not only hone
their soft skills. But they have several other abilities such as:
Public Speaking
Sebung Bandung volunteers are dominated by people with introverted personalities.
With so Sebung provides a sharing session as a platform for volunteers to develop their
public speaking skills about the stories they have. The story can be one volunteer's
experience communicating with the target or other experiences they have had in similar
social activities. The seating position when they do a sharing session is sitting in a circle and
the position of the speaker who stands where he originally sat.
Listen to
Both volunteers and administrators make themselves good listeners to the people
who are talking during the sharing session. Listening attitude from the board side can build
a good relationship with volunteers. While from the volunteers' side, it will increase their
insight and knowledge about social humanitarianism. Then loyalty will be built between
volunteers and the Sebung management itself.
Empathy
Baron and Byrne in (Asih and Pratiwi, 2010) state that empathy is the ability to feel
the emotional state of others, feel sympathetic and try to solve problems by taking other
people's perspectives. By listening to the sharing session, Sebung volunteers will learn to
understand the content of the story and appreciate the differences between people speakers
and themselves. That way Sebung volunteers can hone empathy from the exchange of stories
in the sharing.
Changing Perceptions
With the sharing session, volunteers' knowledge increases and they are able to
interpret the activities they do with a wider scope.
Ingratiation Tactics
Lincoln in Great Influencer (2018:61) said in every letter that, "Everyone Loves Praise",
humans have a desire to be important. Giving appreciation is one of the strategies to
maintain volunteer loyalty. This appreciation is applied throughout the series of Sebung
Bandung activities, namely briefings to sharing sessions. Appreciation carried out by
Sebung to its volunteers is divided into several forms, namely:
Praise
Compliments are not uncommon in the Sebung community. During briefings, there
are times when they get to know each other and compliment each other. This treatment has
become commonplace because it is easy for them to give compliments. That way when they
go down the street, volunteers also apply the behavior of the management to praise the
target. Praise for volunteers is also was raised during the sharing session. When volunteers
finish sharing their experiences, the person in charge always compliments them. It doesn't
stop at routine activities, during free events that are more about inter-personal
communication or small groups, Sebung administrators still familiarize themselves with the
program Themselves to deliver compliments so that Sebung volunteers will be more
comfortable talking and being open with the administrators or other Sebung members.
Trust
In the Sebung community, trust is given by the Sebung management when they feel
that the volunteer meets the predetermined criteria. Until now, the Sebung management has
given its trust to volunteers to manage Sebung activities such as being in charge of weekly
Sebung on Fridays, then monthly activities such as social experiences at the Dago Bandung
car free day, to annual activities such as Sebung Anniversary or Sebung Qurban. Therefore,
several Sebung activities are always accompanied by volunteers as organizers.
Activity Certificate
Sebung provides physical appreciation that can symbolize the participation of
volunteers in helping Sebung Bandung's activities. In addition to increasing volunteer
excitement and loyalty, this certificate is useful for Other volunteer interests such as the
need to fulfill the activities of certified activities as a requirement to graduate students or
exchange students and other needs. That way between the board and volunteers creates a
symbiotic condition of mutualism.
Personal Appeal Tactics
Florence Littauer in Great Influencer (2018: 12) says that within humans there are
different characters or personalities, so that feelings of insecurity will arise if in establishing
a relationship with others. When someone has determined to establish a relationship with
another person, personal closeness and trust between one another arise. Therefore, they can
persuade each other.
By sharing information between volunteers and administrators, they trust each other
to continue to survive in a community. The steps taken by the management itself are to
always remind all Sebung Bandung members on the WhatsApp group platform. Weekly
Sebung announcements are distributed through the group every Wednesday night. While
other announcements are distributed according to the activities held, which is no later than
three days before the activity. Then if it is seen that there are Sebung members who have not
participated in activities for more than one month, they will be contacted privately via
whatsapp chat by the Sebung public relations division. The results obtained by volunteers
become loyal because of a sense of security. They also apply again to share information as a
form of their contribution to the sustainability of the Sebung Bandung social community in
the future.
Exchange Tactics
Amin in Great Influencer (2018:59) says that feeling what others feel is extremely
difficult, requiring contemplation, an intense emotional adventure. Therefore, a person living
in this world needs a feeling adventure into other people's territory in order to care for others
more sharply. The Sebung Bandung management applies this exchange tactics factor to the
relationship between the management and volunteers. With a free event after the sharing
session, community members will freely exchange experiences, fun, and work more
intensely. Sebung administrators deliberately instill this factor so that Sebung members can
make Sebung more than just a community but can become a second home and self healing.
Sebung Bandung administrators build an atmosphere through three main topics, namely
food, love, and problems. Food and love topics are the gateway to break the ice in a forum.
Meanwhile, the topic of problems leads Sebung members, both administrators and
volunteers, to a more intense relationship. This factor causes several things in volunteers,
namely:
Similarity
Sebung Bandung's main informants are dominated by the similarity of feelings of
compatibility that arise when each volunteer feels there is something in common in the story
that was conveyed by them. The feeling of compatibility creates new things such as a sense
of gratitude, a sense of security and a sense of empathy. The feelings of compatibility felt by
Sebung volunteers are very diverse, ranging from family, personality, romantic
relationships, work and education. They find similar problems and eventually can learn from
each other, appreciate and give input to each other.
Open Attitude
The four informants who have joined the community for more than a year said they
have been open with some Sebung members whom they trust. So that they feel safe and
comfortable when telling about pleasant or sad things. Meanwhile, one main informant said
that he had not opened up to any of the Sebung volunteers or administrators because he did
not have enough time to do so.
Self Healing
Sebung is a community that can be a place for volunteers who want to heal
themselves from the burden or problems they face. The majority of Sebung volunteers are
people who are looking for a place to escape from the problems they have. This factor is
driven by the ability of Sebung's administrators to create a comfortable atmosphere and
activity time at night which makes the activity wise and meaningful.
Desire to Stay in the Community
Volunteers will stay in the Sebung community not for the reason of doing good by
sharing as the main goal, but to meet other Sebung volunteers and administrators. Sebung
volunteers consider Sebung as a family to them. Because by joining Sebung, they feel they
have found peace in themselves.
This exchange tactics factor eventually forms a sense of community or a feeling of
belonging to the Sebung Bandung community. This feeling will result in members' desire to
maintain the existence of the community in any way. One of them is by showing their
contribution in enlivening routine community activities. Sense of community has four
elements, each of which already exists and is applied to the Sebung Bandung community.
McMillan and Chavis in (Chavis, 2008) mention the four elements, namely:
Membership
Membership is the feeling that someone has invested themselves to become a
member of a community. Membership in a community has boundaries within the
community that distinguish community members from those who are not members of the
community, as well as knowing who is in the community.
The membership that distinguishes the activities of the Sebung Bandung social
community from other social communities can be seen from the activities, namely greeting
and sharing. Then for the community members themselves, Sebung members have t-shirts
and tote bags as member identities that distinguish Sebung members and members of other
communities.
Influence
Influence is the power that individuals have to influence other members and the
power of the community to influence individuals. Efforts to influence each other between
members and the community have been displayed from the entire series of Sebung Bandung
activities from briefings, taking to the streets, sharing sessions, to free events.
Shared Emotional Connection
Relationships A shared emotional connection within a community formed from
positive interactions, shared stories and shared experiences. The more people interact, the
more likely they are to form close relationships, which then leads to stronger bonds.
Members of the Sebung Bandung community, from administrators to volunteers,
have a need to share their feelings and have an emotional bond. It is shown in sharing
activities and free events that make them open and empathize with each other. The Sebung
Bandung community can survive because its community members already have the four
elements mentioned.
The five factors, namely rational persuasion, consultation tactics, ingratiation
tactics, personal appeals tactics and exchange tactics in the implementation of persuasion
communication in maintaining the loyalty of the Sebung Bandung community, are effective
because they form a community that actively contributes by participating in all Sebung
Bandung activities. In the end, a sense of community is formed in community members
which creates loyalty for Sebung Bandung community volunteers to maintain the
sustainability of the Sebung Bandung community in the future sustainability of the Sebung
community in the future.
Conclusion
Application of techniques that build persuasive communication applied by Sebung
Bandung administrators in maintaining volunteer loyalty Sebung Bandung social community
is with 1) rational tactics, which is persuasion from the first impression of meeting applied
to briefing activities, by directing volunteers based on logical reasons and data in the form of
facts, 2) consultation tactics, which is persuasion by providing facilities to develop
volunteer abilities applied to sharing session activities, by developing public speaking,
listening, empathizing and changing perceptions, 3) ingratiation tactics, which is persuading
by giving appreciation applied to the entire series of Sebung activities, by giving praise,
trust, and activity certificates, 4) personal appeal tactics, which is persuading with personal
closeness applied to sharing information, by inviting the closest friends to stay in the
community, 5) exchange tactics, which is persuading with deeper personal closeness applied
to sharing activities and free events, by creating similarity, open attitude, self healing, and
the desire to stay in the community.
Fifth techniques These five techniques create a sense of community in Sebung
Bandung community members including membership, influence, integration and fulfillment
of needs, and shared emotional connection. After a sense of community is formed, Sebung
community volunteers have the desire to contribute by participating in every Sebung
Bandung activity and ultimately form the loyalty of Sebung Bandung social community
volunteers.
Rational Persuasion
Rational action according to Weber relates to conscious consideration and the choice
that the action is expressed (Johnson, 2004: 220). Rational persuasion was implemented in
the initial series of weekly Sebung activities which took place every Friday at
20.00 WIB at the Bandung City Hall Historical Park. The activity is led by the person in
charge, which is usually taken over by the founder and co-founder of Sebung Bandung.
They started the activity with a briefing, namely a brief introduction to the Sebung
community, including the beginning of its establishment, a series of activities, and the goals
of the Sebung community itself. This was followed by an introduction to each of the
volunteers present and directions in carrying out the next series of activities. All
explanations spoken by the person in charge are always accompanied by the provision of
data or facts which are the reasons for the rules or things that Sebung community volunteers
must do.
The data and facts are obtained from the experience of the person in charge of
managing social programs or activities elsewhere. The person in charge who became the
speaker in the briefing session had two important criteria, namely credibility and
attractiveness (interest, similarity, beauty). The main objective during the briefing is to
convey a requirement for Sebung Bandung volunteers in the next series of activities, to greet
and motivate the target which is carried out for 10-15 minutes. This is a form of real
implementation of how Sebung's management conduct persuasive communication to its
volunteers. Therefore, greeting and providing motivation directed by the Sebung
management to volunteers is the first step to building volunteer loyalty. The management
provides examples and persuades with things that lead to social and humanitarian meanings.
Consultation Tactics
Dala Carnegie in Great Influencer (2018: 66) says that interest in the interlocutor can
be actualized in various ways. Even with the expression that someone is interested in
personality, experience, strengths and so on. It is also shown with body language and forms
of attention. Consultation Tactics are implemented in several series of Sebung activities, one
of which is a sharing session. The management provides a means for volunteers to be able to
hone their public speaking skills. This session was held after going to the streets at the
gathering point, Taman Sejarah. This method is in the form of an activity, where volunteers
have the opportunity to share the sharing experience that has been carried out in the down
the street session. This session was led directly by the Sebung management who was in
charge of the activity.
By forming a forum to develop public speaking skills, volunteers can not only hone
their soft skills. But they have several other abilities such as:
Public Speaking
Sebung Bandung volunteers are dominated by people with introverted personalities.
With so Sebung provides a sharing session as a platform for volunteers to develop their
public speaking skills about the stories they have. The story can be one volunteer's
experience communicating with the target or other experiences they have had in similar
social activities. The seating position when they do a sharing session is sitting in a circle and
the position of the speaker who stands where he originally sat.
Listen to
Both volunteers and administrators make themselves good listeners to the people
who are talking during the sharing session. Listening attitude from the board side can build
a good relationship with volunteers. While from the volunteers' side, it will increase their
insight and knowledge about social humanitarianism. Then loyalty will be built between
volunteers and the Sebung management itself.
Empathy
Baron and Byrne in (Asih and Pratiwi, 2010) state that empathy is the ability to feel
the emotional state of others, feel sympathetic and try to solve problems by taking other
people's perspectives. By listening to the sharing session, Sebung volunteers will learn to
understand the content of the story and appreciate the differences between people speakers
and themselves. That way Sebung volunteers can hone empathy from the exchange of stories
in the sharing.
Changing Perceptions
With the sharing session, volunteers' knowledge increases and they are able to
interpret the activities they do with a wider scope.
Ingratiation Tactics
Lincoln in Great Influencer (2018:61) said in every letter that, "Everyone Loves Praise",
humans have a desire to be important. Giving appreciation is one of the strategies to
maintain volunteer loyalty. This appreciation is applied throughout the series of Sebung
Bandung activities, namely briefings to sharing sessions. Appreciation carried out by
Sebung to its volunteers is divided into several forms, namely:
Praise
Compliments are not uncommon in the Sebung community. During briefings, there
are times when they get to know each other and compliment each other. This treatment has
become commonplace because it is easy for them to give compliments. That way when they
go down the street, volunteers also apply the behavior of the management to praise the
target. Praise for volunteers is also was raised during the sharing session. When volunteers
finish sharing their experiences, the person in charge always compliments them. It doesn't
stop at routine activities, during free events that are more about inter-personal
communication or small groups, Sebung administrators still familiarize themselves with the
program Themselves to deliver compliments so that Sebung volunteers will be more
comfortable talking and being open with the administrators or other Sebung members.
Trust
In the Sebung community, trust is given by the Sebung management when they feel
that the volunteer meets the predetermined criteria. Until now, the Sebung management has
given its trust to volunteers to manage Sebung activities such as being in charge of weekly
Sebung on Fridays, then monthly activities such as social experiences at the Dago Bandung
car free day, to annual activities such as Sebung Anniversary or Sebung Qurban. Therefore,
several Sebung activities are always accompanied by volunteers as organizers.
Activity Certificate
Sebung provides physical appreciation that can symbolize the participation of
volunteers in helping Sebung Bandung's activities. In addition to increasing volunteer
excitement and loyalty, this certificate is useful for Other volunteer interests such as the
need to fulfill the activities of certified activities as a requirement to graduate students or
exchange students and other needs. That way between the board and volunteers creates a
symbiotic condition of mutualism.
Personal Appeal Tactics
Florence Littauer in Great Influencer (2018: 12) says that within humans there are
different characters or personalities, so that feelings of insecurity will arise if in establishing
a relationship with others. When someone has determined to establish a relationship with
another person, personal closeness and trust between one another arise. Therefore, they can
persuade each other.
By sharing information between volunteers and administrators, they trust each other
to continue to survive in a community. The steps taken by the management itself are to
always remind all Sebung Bandung members on the WhatsApp group platform. Weekly
Sebung announcements are distributed through the group every Wednesday night. While
other announcements are distributed according to the activities held, which is no later than
three days before the activity. Then if it is seen that there are Sebung members who have not
participated in activities for more than one month, they will be contacted privately via
whatsapp chat by the Sebung public relations division. The results obtained by volunteers
become loyal because of a sense of security. They also apply again to share information as a
form of their contribution to the sustainability of the Sebung Bandung social community in
the future.
Exchange Tactics
Amin in Great Influencer (2018:59) says that feeling what others feel is extremely
difficult, requiring contemplation, an intense emotional adventure. Therefore, a person living
in this world needs a feeling adventure into other people's territory in order to care for others
more sharply. The Sebung Bandung management applies this exchange tactics factor to the
relationship between the management and volunteers. With a free event after the sharing
session, community members will freely exchange experiences, fun, and work more
intensely. Sebung administrators deliberately instill this factor so that Sebung members can
make Sebung more than just a community but can become a second home and self healing.
Sebung Bandung administrators build an atmosphere through three main topics, namely
food, love, and problems. Food and love topics are the gateway to break the ice in a forum.
Meanwhile, the topic of problems leads Sebung members, both administrators and
volunteers, to a more intense relationship. This factor causes several things in volunteers,
namely:
Similarity
Sebung Bandung's main informants are dominated by the similarity of feelings of
compatibility that arise when each volunteer feels there is something in common in the story
that was conveyed by them. The feeling of compatibility creates new things such as a sense
of gratitude, a sense of security and a sense of empathy. The feelings of compatibility felt by
Sebung volunteers are very diverse, ranging from family, personality, romantic
relationships, work and education. They find similar problems and eventually can learn from
each other, appreciate and give input to each other.
Open Attitude
The four informants who have joined the community for more than a year said they
have been open with some Sebung members whom they trust. So that they feel safe and
comfortable when telling about pleasant or sad things. Meanwhile, one main informant said
that he had not opened up to any of the Sebung volunteers or administrators because he did
not have enough time to do so.
Self Healing
Sebung is a community that can be a place for volunteers who want to heal
themselves from the burden or problems they face. The majority of Sebung volunteers are
people who are looking for a place to escape from the problems they have. This factor is
driven by the ability of Sebung's administrators to create a comfortable atmosphere and
activity time at night which makes the activity wise and meaningful.
Desire to Stay in the Community
Volunteers will stay in the Sebung community not for the reason of doing good by
sharing as the main goal, but to meet other Sebung volunteers and administrators. Sebung
volunteers consider Sebung as a family to them. Because by joining Sebung, they feel they
have found peace in themselves.
This exchange tactics factor eventually forms a sense of community or a feeling of
belonging to the Sebung Bandung community. This feeling will result in members' desire to
maintain the existence of the community in any way. One of them is by showing their
contribution in enlivening routine community activities. Sense of community has four
elements, each of which already exists and is applied to the Sebung Bandung community.
McMillan and Chavis in (Chavis, 2008) mention the four elements, namely:
Membership
Membership is the feeling that someone has invested themselves to become a
member of a community. Membership in a community has boundaries within the
community that distinguish community members from those who are not members of the
community, as well as knowing who is in the community.
The membership that distinguishes the activities of the Sebung Bandung social
community from other social communities can be seen from the activities, namely greeting
and sharing. Then for the community members themselves, Sebung members have t-shirts
and tote bags as member identities that distinguish Sebung members and members of other
communities.
Influence
Influence is the power that individuals have to influence other members and the
power of the community to influence individuals. Efforts to influence each other between
members and the community have been displayed from the entire series of Sebung Bandung
activities from briefings, taking to the streets, sharing sessions, to free events.
Shared Emotional Connection
Relationships A shared emotional connection within a community formed from
positive interactions, shared stories and shared experiences. The more people interact, the
more likely they are to form close relationships, which then leads to stronger bonds.
Members of the Sebung Bandung community, from administrators to volunteers,
have a need to share their feelings and have an emotional bond. It is shown in sharing
activities and free events that make them open and empathize with each other. The Sebung
Bandung community can survive because its community members already have the four
elements mentioned.
The five factors, namely rational persuasion, consultation tactics, ingratiation
tactics, personal appeals tactics and exchange tactics in the implementation of persuasion
communication in maintaining the loyalty of the Sebung Bandung community, are effective
because they form a community that actively contributes by participating in all Sebung
Bandung activities. In the end, a sense of community is formed in community members
which creates loyalty for Sebung Bandung community volunteers to maintain the
sustainability of the Sebung Bandung community in the future sustainability of the Sebung
community in the future.
Conclusion
Application of techniques that build persuasive communication applied by Sebung
Bandung administrators in maintaining volunteer loyalty Sebung Bandung social community
is with 1) rational tactics, which is persuasion from the first impression of meeting applied
to briefing activities, by directing volunteers based on logical reasons and data in the form of
facts, 2) consultation tactics, which is persuasion by providing facilities to develop
volunteer abilities applied to sharing session activities, by developing public speaking,
listening, empathizing and changing perceptions, 3) ingratiation tactics, which is persuading
by giving appreciation applied to the entire series of Sebung activities, by giving praise,
trust, and activity certificates, 4) personal appeal tactics, which is persuading with personal
closeness applied to sharing information, by inviting the closest friends to stay in the
community, 5) exchange tactics, which is persuading with deeper personal closeness applied
to sharing activities and free events, by creating similarity, open attitude, self healing, and
the desire to stay in the community.
Fifth techniques These five techniques create a sense of community in Sebung
Bandung community members including membership, influence, integration and fulfillment
of needs, and shared emotional connection. After a sense of community is formed, Sebung
community volunteers have the desire to contribute by participating in every Sebung
Bandung activity and ultimately form the loyalty of Sebung Bandung social community
volunteers.
Rational Persuasion
Rational action according to Weber relates to conscious consideration and the choice
that the action is expressed (Johnson, 2004: 220). Rational persuasion was implemented in
the initial series of weekly Sebung activities which took place every Friday at
20.00 WIB at the Bandung City Hall Historical Park. The activity is led by the person in
charge, which is usually taken over by the founder and co-founder of Sebung Bandung.
They started the activity with a briefing, namely a brief introduction to the Sebung
community, including the beginning of its establishment, a series of activities, and the goals
of the Sebung community itself. This was followed by an introduction to each of the
volunteers present and directions in carrying out the next series of activities. All
explanations spoken by the person in charge are always accompanied by the provision of
data or facts which are the reasons for the rules or things that Sebung community volunteers
must do.
The data and facts are obtained from the experience of the person in charge of
managing social programs or activities elsewhere. The person in charge who became the
speaker in the briefing session had two important criteria, namely credibility and
attractiveness (interest, similarity, beauty). The main objective during the briefing is to
convey a requirement for Sebung Bandung volunteers in the next series of activities, to greet
and motivate the target which is carried out for 10-15 minutes. This is a form of real
implementation of how Sebung's management conduct persuasive communication to its
volunteers. Therefore, greeting and providing motivation directed by the Sebung
management to volunteers is the first step to building volunteer loyalty. The management
provides examples and persuades with things that lead to social and humanitarian meanings.
Consultation Tactics
Dala Carnegie in Great Influencer (2018: 66) says that interest in the interlocutor can
be actualized in various ways. Even with the expression that someone is interested in
personality, experience, strengths and so on. It is also shown with body language and forms
of attention. Consultation Tactics are implemented in several series of Sebung activities, one
of which is a sharing session. The management provides a means for volunteers to be able to
hone their public speaking skills. This session was held after going to the streets at the
gathering point, Taman Sejarah. This method is in the form of an activity, where volunteers
have the opportunity to share the sharing experience that has been carried out in the down
the street session. This session was led directly by the Sebung management who was in
charge of the activity.
By forming a forum to develop public speaking skills, volunteers can not only hone
their soft skills. But they have several other abilities such as:
Public Speaking
Sebung Bandung volunteers are dominated by people with introverted personalities.
With so Sebung provides a sharing session as a platform for volunteers to develop their
public speaking skills about the stories they have. The story can be one volunteer's
experience communicating with the target or other experiences they have had in similar
social activities. The seating position when they do a sharing session is sitting in a circle and
the position of the speaker who stands where he originally sat.
Listen to
Both volunteers and administrators make themselves good listeners to the people
who are talking during the sharing session. Listening attitude from the board side can build
a good relationship with volunteers. While from the volunteers' side, it will increase their
insight and knowledge about social humanitarianism. Then loyalty will be built between
volunteers and the Sebung management itself.
Empathy
Baron and Byrne in (Asih and Pratiwi, 2010) state that empathy is the ability to feel
the emotional state of others, feel sympathetic and try to solve problems by taking other
people's perspectives. By listening to the sharing session, Sebung volunteers will learn to
understand the content of the story and appreciate the differences between people speakers
and themselves. That way Sebung volunteers can hone empathy from the exchange of stories
in the sharing.
Changing Perceptions
With the sharing session, volunteers' knowledge increases and they are able to
interpret the activities they do with a wider scope.
Ingratiation Tactics
Lincoln in Great Influencer (2018:61) said in every letter that, "Everyone Loves Praise",
humans have a desire to be important. Giving appreciation is one of the strategies to
maintain volunteer loyalty. This appreciation is applied throughout the series of Sebung
Bandung activities, namely briefings to sharing sessions. Appreciation carried out by
Sebung to its volunteers is divided into several forms, namely:
Praise
Compliments are not uncommon in the Sebung community. During briefings, there
are times when they get to know each other and compliment each other. This treatment has
become commonplace because it is easy for them to give compliments. That way when they
go down the street, volunteers also apply the behavior of the management to praise the
target. Praise for volunteers is also was raised during the sharing session. When volunteers
finish sharing their experiences, the person in charge always compliments them. It doesn't
stop at routine activities, during free events that are more about inter-personal
communication or small groups, Sebung administrators still familiarize themselves with the
program Themselves to deliver compliments so that Sebung volunteers will be more
comfortable talking and being open with the administrators or other Sebung members.
Trust
In the Sebung community, trust is given by the Sebung management when they feel
that the volunteer meets the predetermined criteria. Until now, the Sebung management has
given its trust to volunteers to manage Sebung activities such as being in charge of weekly
Sebung on Fridays, then monthly activities such as social experiences at the Dago Bandung
car free day, to annual activities such as Sebung Anniversary or Sebung Qurban. Therefore,
several Sebung activities are always accompanied by volunteers as organizers.
Activity Certificate
Sebung provides physical appreciation that can symbolize the participation of
volunteers in helping Sebung Bandung's activities. In addition to increasing volunteer
excitement and loyalty, this certificate is useful for Other volunteer interests such as the
need to fulfill the activities of certified activities as a requirement to graduate students or
exchange students and other needs. That way between the board and volunteers creates a
symbiotic condition of mutualism.
Personal Appeal Tactics
Florence Littauer in Great Influencer (2018: 12) says that within humans there are
different characters or personalities, so that feelings of insecurity will arise if in establishing
a relationship with others. When someone has determined to establish a relationship with
another person, personal closeness and trust between one another arise. Therefore, they can
persuade each other.
By sharing information between volunteers and administrators, they trust each other
to continue to survive in a community. The steps taken by the management itself are to
always remind all Sebung Bandung members on the WhatsApp group platform. Weekly
Sebung announcements are distributed through the group every Wednesday night. While
other announcements are distributed according to the activities held, which is no later than
three days before the activity. Then if it is seen that there are Sebung members who have not
participated in activities for more than one month, they will be contacted privately via
whatsapp chat by the Sebung public relations division. The results obtained by volunteers
become loyal because of a sense of security. They also apply again to share information as a
form of their contribution to the sustainability of the Sebung Bandung social community in
the future.
Exchange Tactics
Amin in Great Influencer (2018:59) says that feeling what others feel is extremely
difficult, requiring contemplation, an intense emotional adventure. Therefore, a person living
in this world needs a feeling adventure into other people's territory in order to care for others
more sharply. The Sebung Bandung management applies this exchange tactics factor to the
relationship between the management and volunteers. With a free event after the sharing
session, community members will freely exchange experiences, fun, and work more
intensely. Sebung administrators deliberately instill this factor so that Sebung members can
make Sebung more than just a community but can become a second home and self healing.
Sebung Bandung administrators build an atmosphere through three main topics, namely
food, love, and problems. Food and love topics are the gateway to break the ice in a forum.
Meanwhile, the topic of problems leads Sebung members, both administrators and
volunteers, to a more intense relationship. This factor causes several things in volunteers,
namely:
Similarity
Sebung Bandung's main informants are dominated by the similarity of feelings of
compatibility that arise when each volunteer feels there is something in common in the story
that was conveyed by them. The feeling of compatibility creates new things such as a sense
of gratitude, a sense of security and a sense of empathy. The feelings of compatibility felt by
Sebung volunteers are very diverse, ranging from family, personality, romantic
relationships, work and education. They find similar problems and eventually can learn from
each other, appreciate and give input to each other.
Open Attitude
The four informants who have joined the community for more than a year said they
have been open with some Sebung members whom they trust. So that they feel safe and
comfortable when telling about pleasant or sad things. Meanwhile, one main informant said
that he had not opened up to any of the Sebung volunteers or administrators because he did
not have enough time to do so.
Self Healing
Sebung is a community that can be a place for volunteers who want to heal
themselves from the burden or problems they face. The majority of Sebung volunteers are
people who are looking for a place to escape from the problems they have. This factor is
driven by the ability of Sebung's administrators to create a comfortable atmosphere and
activity time at night which makes the activity wise and meaningful.
Desire to Stay in the Community
Volunteers will stay in the Sebung community not for the reason of doing good by
sharing as the main goal, but to meet other Sebung volunteers and administrators. Sebung
volunteers consider Sebung as a family to them. Because by joining Sebung, they feel they
have found peace in themselves.
This exchange tactics factor eventually forms a sense of community or a feeling of
belonging to the Sebung Bandung community. This feeling will result in members' desire to
maintain the existence of the community in any way. One of them is by showing their
contribution in enlivening routine community activities. Sense of community has four
elements, each of which already exists and is applied to the Sebung Bandung community.
McMillan and Chavis in (Chavis, 2008) mention the four elements, namely:
Membership
Membership is the feeling that someone has invested themselves to become a
member of a community. Membership in a community has boundaries within the
community that distinguish community members from those who are not members of the
community, as well as knowing who is in the community.
The membership that distinguishes the activities of the Sebung Bandung social
community from other social communities can be seen from the activities, namely greeting
and sharing. Then for the community members themselves, Sebung members have t-shirts
and tote bags as member identities that distinguish Sebung members and members of other
communities.
Influence
Influence is the power that individuals have to influence other members and the
power of the community to influence individuals. Efforts to influence each other between
members and the community have been displayed from the entire series of Sebung Bandung
activities from briefings, taking to the streets, sharing sessions, to free events.
Shared Emotional Connection
Relationships A shared emotional connection within a community formed from
positive interactions, shared stories and shared experiences. The more people interact, the
more likely they are to form close relationships, which then leads to stronger bonds.
Members of the Sebung Bandung community, from administrators to volunteers,
have a need to share their feelings and have an emotional bond. It is shown in sharing
activities and free events that make them open and empathize with each other. The Sebung
Bandung community can survive because its community members already have the four
elements mentioned.
The five factors, namely rational persuasion, consultation tactics, ingratiation
tactics, personal appeals tactics and exchange tactics in the implementation of persuasion
communication in maintaining the loyalty of the Sebung Bandung community, are effective
because they form a community that actively contributes by participating in all Sebung
Bandung activities. In the end, a sense of community is formed in community members
which creates loyalty for Sebung Bandung community volunteers to maintain the
sustainability of the Sebung Bandung community in the future sustainability of the Sebung
community in the future.
Conclusion
Application of techniques that build persuasive communication applied by Sebung
Bandung administrators in maintaining volunteer loyalty Sebung Bandung social community
is with 1) rational tactics, which is persuasion from the first impression of meeting applied
to briefing activities, by directing volunteers based on logical reasons and data in the form of
facts, 2) consultation tactics, which is persuasion by providing facilities to develop
volunteer abilities applied to sharing session activities, by developing public speaking,
listening, empathizing and changing perceptions, 3) ingratiation tactics, which is persuading
by giving appreciation applied to the entire series of Sebung activities, by giving praise,
trust, and activity certificates, 4) personal appeal tactics, which is persuading with personal
closeness applied to sharing information, by inviting the closest friends to stay in the
community, 5) exchange tactics, which is persuading with deeper personal closeness applied
to sharing activities and free events, by creating similarity, open attitude, self healing, and
the desire to stay in the community.
Fifth techniques These five techniques create a sense of community in Sebung
Bandung community members including membership, influence, integration and fulfillment
of needs, and shared emotional connection. After a sense of community is formed, Sebung
community volunteers have the desire to contribute by participating in every Sebung
Bandung activity and ultimately form the loyalty of Sebung Bandung social community
volunteers.
Rational Persuasion
Rational action according to Weber relates to conscious consideration and the choice
that the action is expressed (Johnson, 2004: 220). Rational persuasion was implemented in
the initial series of weekly Sebung activities which took place every Friday at
20.00 WIB at the Bandung City Hall Historical Park. The activity is led by the person in
charge, which is usually taken over by the founder and co-founder of Sebung Bandung.
They started the activity with a briefing, namely a brief introduction to the Sebung
community, including the beginning of its establishment, a series of activities, and the goals
of the Sebung community itself. This was followed by an introduction to each of the
volunteers present and directions in carrying out the next series of activities. All
explanations spoken by the person in charge are always accompanied by the provision of
data or facts which are the reasons for the rules or things that Sebung community volunteers
must do.
The data and facts are obtained from the experience of the person in charge of
managing social programs or activities elsewhere. The person in charge who became the
speaker in the briefing session had two important criteria, namely credibility and
attractiveness (interest, similarity, beauty). The main objective during the briefing is to
convey a requirement for Sebung Bandung volunteers in the next series of activities, to greet
and motivate the target which is carried out for 10-15 minutes. This is a form of real
implementation of how Sebung's management conduct persuasive communication to its
volunteers. Therefore, greeting and providing motivation directed by the Sebung
management to volunteers is the first step to building volunteer loyalty. The management
provides examples and persuades with things that lead to social and humanitarian meanings.
Consultation Tactics
Dala Carnegie in Great Influencer (2018: 66) says that interest in the interlocutor can
be actualized in various ways. Even with the expression that someone is interested in
personality, experience, strengths and so on. It is also shown with body language and forms
of attention. Consultation Tactics are implemented in several series of Sebung activities, one
of which is a sharing session. The management provides a means for volunteers to be able to
hone their public speaking skills. This session was held after going to the streets at the
gathering point, Taman Sejarah. This method is in the form of an activity, where volunteers
have the opportunity to share the sharing experience that has been carried out in the down
the street session. This session was led directly by the Sebung management who was in
charge of the activity.
By forming a forum to develop public speaking skills, volunteers can not only hone
their soft skills. But they have several other abilities such as:
Public Speaking
Sebung Bandung volunteers are dominated by people with introverted personalities.
With so Sebung provides a sharing session as a platform for volunteers to develop their
public speaking skills about the stories they have. The story can be one volunteer's
experience communicating with the target or other experiences they have had in similar
social activities. The seating position when they do a sharing session is sitting in a circle and
the position of the speaker who stands where he originally sat.
Listen to
Both volunteers and administrators make themselves good listeners to the people
who are talking during the sharing session. Listening attitude from the board side can build
a good relationship with volunteers. While from the volunteers' side, it will increase their
insight and knowledge about social humanitarianism. Then loyalty will be built between
volunteers and the Sebung management itself.
Empathy
Baron and Byrne in (Asih and Pratiwi, 2010) state that empathy is the ability to feel
the emotional state of others, feel sympathetic and try to solve problems by taking other
people's perspectives. By listening to the sharing session, Sebung volunteers will learn to
understand the content of the story and appreciate the differences between people speakers
and themselves. That way Sebung volunteers can hone empathy from the exchange of stories
in the sharing.
Changing Perceptions
With the sharing session, volunteers' knowledge increases and they are able to
interpret the activities they do with a wider scope.
Ingratiation Tactics
Lincoln in Great Influencer (2018:61) said in every letter that, "Everyone Loves Praise",
humans have a desire to be important. Giving appreciation is one of the strategies to
maintain volunteer loyalty. This appreciation is applied throughout the series of Sebung
Bandung activities, namely briefings to sharing sessions. Appreciation carried out by
Sebung to its volunteers is divided into several forms, namely:
Praise
Compliments are not uncommon in the Sebung community. During briefings, there
are times when they get to know each other and compliment each other. This treatment has
become commonplace because it is easy for them to give compliments. That way when they
go down the street, volunteers also apply the behavior of the management to praise the
target. Praise for volunteers is also was raised during the sharing session. When volunteers
finish sharing their experiences, the person in charge always compliments them. It doesn't
stop at routine activities, during free events that are more about inter-personal
communication or small groups, Sebung administrators still familiarize themselves with the
program Themselves to deliver compliments so that Sebung volunteers will be more
comfortable talking and being open with the administrators or other Sebung members.
Trust
In the Sebung community, trust is given by the Sebung management when they feel
that the volunteer meets the predetermined criteria. Until now, the Sebung management has
given its trust to volunteers to manage Sebung activities such as being in charge of weekly
Sebung on Fridays, then monthly activities such as social experiences at the Dago Bandung
car free day, to annual activities such as Sebung Anniversary or Sebung Qurban. Therefore,
several Sebung activities are always accompanied by volunteers as organizers.
Activity Certificate
Sebung provides physical appreciation that can symbolize the participation of
volunteers in helping Sebung Bandung's activities. In addition to increasing volunteer
excitement and loyalty, this certificate is useful for Other volunteer interests such as the
need to fulfill the activities of certified activities as a requirement to graduate students or
exchange students and other needs. That way between the board and volunteers creates a
symbiotic condition of mutualism.
Personal Appeal Tactics
Florence Littauer in Great Influencer (2018: 12) says that within humans there are
different characters or personalities, so that feelings of insecurity will arise if in establishing
a relationship with others. When someone has determined to establish a relationship with
another person, personal closeness and trust between one another arise. Therefore, they can
persuade each other.
By sharing information between volunteers and administrators, they trust each other
to continue to survive in a community. The steps taken by the management itself are to
always remind all Sebung Bandung members on the WhatsApp group platform. Weekly
Sebung announcements are distributed through the group every Wednesday night. While
other announcements are distributed according to the activities held, which is no later than
three days before the activity. Then if it is seen that there are Sebung members who have not
participated in activities for more than one month, they will be contacted privately via
whatsapp chat by the Sebung public relations division. The results obtained by volunteers
become loyal because of a sense of security. They also apply again to share information as a
form of their contribution to the sustainability of the Sebung Bandung social community in
the future.
Exchange Tactics
Amin in Great Influencer (2018:59) says that feeling what others feel is extremely
difficult, requiring contemplation, an intense emotional adventure. Therefore, a person living
in this world needs a feeling adventure into other people's territory in order to care for others
more sharply. The Sebung Bandung management applies this exchange tactics factor to the
relationship between the management and volunteers. With a free event after the sharing
session, community members will freely exchange experiences, fun, and work more
intensely. Sebung administrators deliberately instill this factor so that Sebung members can
make Sebung more than just a community but can become a second home and self healing.
Sebung Bandung administrators build an atmosphere through three main topics, namely
food, love, and problems. Food and love topics are the gateway to break the ice in a forum.
Meanwhile, the topic of problems leads Sebung members, both administrators and
volunteers, to a more intense relationship. This factor causes several things in volunteers,
namely:
Similarity
Sebung Bandung's main informants are dominated by the similarity of feelings of
compatibility that arise when each volunteer feels there is something in common in the story
that was conveyed by them. The feeling of compatibility creates new things such as a sense
of gratitude, a sense of security and a sense of empathy. The feelings of compatibility felt by
Sebung volunteers are very diverse, ranging from family, personality, romantic
relationships, work and education. They find similar problems and eventually can learn from
each other, appreciate and give input to each other.
Open Attitude
The four informants who have joined the community for more than a year said they
have been open with some Sebung members whom they trust. So that they feel safe and
comfortable when telling about pleasant or sad things. Meanwhile, one main informant said
that he had not opened up to any of the Sebung volunteers or administrators because he did
not have enough time to do so.
Self Healing
Sebung is a community that can be a place for volunteers who want to heal
themselves from the burden or problems they face. The majority of Sebung volunteers are
people who are looking for a place to escape from the problems they have. This factor is
driven by the ability of Sebung's administrators to create a comfortable atmosphere and
activity time at night which makes the activity wise and meaningful.
Desire to Stay in the Community
Volunteers will stay in the Sebung community not for the reason of doing good by
sharing as the main goal, but to meet other Sebung volunteers and administrators. Sebung
volunteers consider Sebung as a family to them. Because by joining Sebung, they feel they
have found peace in themselves.
This exchange tactics factor eventually forms a sense of community or a feeling of
belonging to the Sebung Bandung community. This feeling will result in members' desire to
maintain the existence of the community in any way. One of them is by showing their
contribution in enlivening routine community activities. Sense of community has four
elements, each of which already exists and is applied to the Sebung Bandung community.
McMillan and Chavis in (Chavis, 2008) mention the four elements, namely:
Membership
Membership is the feeling that someone has invested themselves to become a
member of a community. Membership in a community has boundaries within the
community that distinguish community members from those who are not members of the
community, as well as knowing who is in the community.
The membership that distinguishes the activities of the Sebung Bandung social
community from other social communities can be seen from the activities, namely greeting
and sharing. Then for the community members themselves, Sebung members have t-shirts
and tote bags as member identities that distinguish Sebung members and members of other
communities.
Influence
Influence is the power that individuals have to influence other members and the
power of the community to influence individuals. Efforts to influence each other between
members and the community have been displayed from the entire series of Sebung Bandung
activities from briefings, taking to the streets, sharing sessions, to free events.
Shared Emotional Connection
Relationships A shared emotional connection within a community formed from
positive interactions, shared stories and shared experiences. The more people interact, the
more likely they are to form close relationships, which then leads to stronger bonds.
Members of the Sebung Bandung community, from administrators to volunteers,
have a need to share their feelings and have an emotional bond. It is shown in sharing
activities and free events that make them open and empathize with each other. The Sebung
Bandung community can survive because its community members already have the four
elements mentioned.
The five factors, namely rational persuasion, consultation tactics, ingratiation
tactics, personal appeals tactics and exchange tactics in the implementation of persuasion
communication in maintaining the loyalty of the Sebung Bandung community, are effective
because they form a community that actively contributes by participating in all Sebung
Bandung activities. In the end, a sense of community is formed in community members
which creates loyalty for Sebung Bandung community volunteers to maintain the
sustainability of the Sebung Bandung community in the future sustainability of the Sebung
community in the future.
Conclusion
Application of techniques that build persuasive communication applied by Sebung
Bandung administrators in maintaining volunteer loyalty Sebung Bandung social community
is with 1) rational tactics, which is persuasion from the first impression of meeting applied
to briefing activities, by directing volunteers based on logical reasons and data in the form of
facts, 2) consultation tactics, which is persuasion by providing facilities to develop
volunteer abilities applied to sharing session activities, by developing public speaking,
listening, empathizing and changing perceptions, 3) ingratiation tactics, which is persuading
by giving appreciation applied to the entire series of Sebung activities, by giving praise,
trust, and activity certificates, 4) personal appeal tactics, which is persuading with personal
closeness applied to sharing information, by inviting the closest friends to stay in the
community, 5) exchange tactics, which is persuading with deeper personal closeness applied
to sharing activities and free events, by creating similarity, open attitude, self healing, and
the desire to stay in the community.
Fifth techniques These five techniques create a sense of community in Sebung
Bandung community members including membership, influence, integration and fulfillment
of needs, and shared emotional connection. After a sense of community is formed, Sebung
community volunteers have the desire to contribute by participating in every Sebung
Bandung activity and ultimately form the loyalty of Sebung Bandung social community
volunteers.
Rational Persuasion
Rational action according to Weber relates to conscious consideration and the choice
that the action is expressed (Johnson, 2004: 220). Rational persuasion was implemented in
the initial series of weekly Sebung activities which took place every Friday at
20.00 WIB at the Bandung City Hall Historical Park. The activity is led by the person in
charge, which is usually taken over by the founder and co-founder of Sebung Bandung.
They started the activity with a briefing, namely a brief introduction to the Sebung
community, including the beginning of its establishment, a series of activities, and the goals
of the Sebung community itself. This was followed by an introduction to each of the
volunteers present and directions in carrying out the next series of activities. All
explanations spoken by the person in charge are always accompanied by the provision of
data or facts which are the reasons for the rules or things that Sebung community volunteers
must do.
The data and facts are obtained from the experience of the person in charge of
managing social programs or activities elsewhere. The person in charge who became the
speaker in the briefing session had two important criteria, namely credibility and
attractiveness (interest, similarity, beauty). The main objective during the briefing is to
convey a requirement for Sebung Bandung volunteers in the next series of activities, to greet
and motivate the target which is carried out for 10-15 minutes. This is a form of real
implementation of how Sebung's management conduct persuasive communication to its
volunteers. Therefore, greeting and providing motivation directed by the Sebung
management to volunteers is the first step to building volunteer loyalty. The management
provides examples and persuades with things that lead to social and humanitarian meanings.
Consultation Tactics
Dala Carnegie in Great Influencer (2018: 66) says that interest in the interlocutor can
be actualized in various ways. Even with the expression that someone is interested in
personality, experience, strengths and so on. It is also shown with body language and forms
of attention. Consultation Tactics are implemented in several series of Sebung activities, one
of which is a sharing session. The management provides a means for volunteers to be able to
hone their public speaking skills. This session was held after going to the streets at the
gathering point, Taman Sejarah. This method is in the form of an activity, where volunteers
have the opportunity to share the sharing experience that has been carried out in the down
the street session. This session was led directly by the Sebung management who was in
charge of the activity.
By forming a forum to develop public speaking skills, volunteers can not only hone
their soft skills. But they have several other abilities such as:
Public Speaking
Sebung Bandung volunteers are dominated by people with introverted personalities.
With so Sebung provides a sharing session as a platform for volunteers to develop their
public speaking skills about the stories they have. The story can be one volunteer's
experience communicating with the target or other experiences they have had in similar
social activities. The seating position when they do a sharing session is sitting in a circle and
the position of the speaker who stands where he originally sat.
Listen to
Both volunteers and administrators make themselves good listeners to the people
who are talking during the sharing session. Listening attitude from the board side can build
a good relationship with volunteers. While from the volunteers' side, it will increase their
insight and knowledge about social humanitarianism. Then loyalty will be built between
volunteers and the Sebung management itself.
Empathy
Baron and Byrne in (Asih and Pratiwi, 2010) state that empathy is the ability to feel
the emotional state of others, feel sympathetic and try to solve problems by taking other
people's perspectives. By listening to the sharing session, Sebung volunteers will learn to
understand the content of the story and appreciate the differences between people speakers
and themselves. That way Sebung volunteers can hone empathy from the exchange of stories
in the sharing.
Changing Perceptions
With the sharing session, volunteers' knowledge increases and they are able to
interpret the activities they do with a wider scope.
Ingratiation Tactics
Lincoln in Great Influencer (2018:61) said in every letter that, "Everyone Loves Praise",
humans have a desire to be important. Giving appreciation is one of the strategies to
maintain volunteer loyalty. This appreciation is applied throughout the series of Sebung
Bandung activities, namely briefings to sharing sessions. Appreciation carried out by
Sebung to its volunteers is divided into several forms, namely:
Praise
Compliments are not uncommon in the Sebung community. During briefings, there
are times when they get to know each other and compliment each other. This treatment has
become commonplace because it is easy for them to give compliments. That way when they
go down the street, volunteers also apply the behavior of the management to praise the
target. Praise for volunteers is also was raised during the sharing session. When volunteers
finish sharing their experiences, the person in charge always compliments them. It doesn't
stop at routine activities, during free events that are more about inter-personal
communication or small groups, Sebung administrators still familiarize themselves with the
program Themselves to deliver compliments so that Sebung volunteers will be more
comfortable talking and being open with the administrators or other Sebung members.
Trust
In the Sebung community, trust is given by the Sebung management when they feel
that the volunteer meets the predetermined criteria. Until now, the Sebung management has
given its trust to volunteers to manage Sebung activities such as being in charge of weekly
Sebung on Fridays, then monthly activities such as social experiences at the Dago Bandung
car free day, to annual activities such as Sebung Anniversary or Sebung Qurban. Therefore,
several Sebung activities are always accompanied by volunteers as organizers.
Activity Certificate
Sebung provides physical appreciation that can symbolize the participation of
volunteers in helping Sebung Bandung's activities. In addition to increasing volunteer
excitement and loyalty, this certificate is useful for Other volunteer interests such as the
need to fulfill the activities of certified activities as a requirement to graduate students or
exchange students and other needs. That way between the board and volunteers creates a
symbiotic condition of mutualism.
Personal Appeal Tactics
Florence Littauer in Great Influencer (2018: 12) says that within humans there are
different characters or personalities, so that feelings of insecurity will arise if in establishing
a relationship with others. When someone has determined to establish a relationship with
another person, personal closeness and trust between one another arise. Therefore, they can
persuade each other.
By sharing information between volunteers and administrators, they trust each other
to continue to survive in a community. The steps taken by the management itself are to
always remind all Sebung Bandung members on the WhatsApp group platform. Weekly
Sebung announcements are distributed through the group every Wednesday night. While
other announcements are distributed according to the activities held, which is no later than
three days before the activity. Then if it is seen that there are Sebung members who have not
participated in activities for more than one month, they will be contacted privately via
whatsapp chat by the Sebung public relations division. The results obtained by volunteers
become loyal because of a sense of security. They also apply again to share information as a
form of their contribution to the sustainability of the Sebung Bandung social community in
the future.
Exchange Tactics
Amin in Great Influencer (2018:59) says that feeling what others feel is extremely
difficult, requiring contemplation, an intense emotional adventure. Therefore, a person living
in this world needs a feeling adventure into other people's territory in order to care for others
more sharply. The Sebung Bandung management applies this exchange tactics factor to the
relationship between the management and volunteers. With a free event after the sharing
session, community members will freely exchange experiences, fun, and work more
intensely. Sebung administrators deliberately instill this factor so that Sebung members can
make Sebung more than just a community but can become a second home and self healing.
Sebung Bandung administrators build an atmosphere through three main topics, namely
food, love, and problems. Food and love topics are the gateway to break the ice in a forum.
Meanwhile, the topic of problems leads Sebung members, both administrators and
volunteers, to a more intense relationship. This factor causes several things in volunteers,
namely:
Similarity
Sebung Bandung's main informants are dominated by the similarity of feelings of
compatibility that arise when each volunteer feels there is something in common in the story
that was conveyed by them. The feeling of compatibility creates new things such as a sense
of gratitude, a sense of security and a sense of empathy. The feelings of compatibility felt by
Sebung volunteers are very diverse, ranging from family, personality, romantic
relationships, work and education. They find similar problems and eventually can learn from
each other, appreciate and give input to each other.
Open Attitude
The four informants who have joined the community for more than a year said they
have been open with some Sebung members whom they trust. So that they feel safe and
comfortable when telling about pleasant or sad things. Meanwhile, one main informant said
that he had not opened up to any of the Sebung volunteers or administrators because he did
not have enough time to do so.
Self Healing
Sebung is a community that can be a place for volunteers who want to heal
themselves from the burden or problems they face. The majority of Sebung volunteers are
people who are looking for a place to escape from the problems they have. This factor is
driven by the ability of Sebung's administrators to create a comfortable atmosphere and
activity time at night which makes the activity wise and meaningful.
Desire to Stay in the Community
Volunteers will stay in the Sebung community not for the reason of doing good by
sharing as the main goal, but to meet other Sebung volunteers and administrators. Sebung
volunteers consider Sebung as a family to them. Because by joining Sebung, they feel they
have found peace in themselves.
This exchange tactics factor eventually forms a sense of community or a feeling of
belonging to the Sebung Bandung community. This feeling will result in members' desire to
maintain the existence of the community in any way. One of them is by showing their
contribution in enlivening routine community activities. Sense of community has four
elements, each of which already exists and is applied to the Sebung Bandung community.
McMillan and Chavis in (Chavis, 2008) mention the four elements, namely:
Membership
Membership is the feeling that someone has invested themselves to become a
member of a community. Membership in a community has boundaries within the
community that distinguish community members from those who are not members of the
community, as well as knowing who is in the community.
The membership that distinguishes the activities of the Sebung Bandung social
community from other social communities can be seen from the activities, namely greeting
and sharing. Then for the community members themselves, Sebung members have t-shirts
and tote bags as member identities that distinguish Sebung members and members of other
communities.
Influence
Influence is the power that individuals have to influence other members and the
power of the community to influence individuals. Efforts to influence each other between
members and the community have been displayed from the entire series of Sebung Bandung
activities from briefings, taking to the streets, sharing sessions, to free events.
Shared Emotional Connection
Relationships A shared emotional connection within a community formed from
positive interactions, shared stories and shared experiences. The more people interact, the
more likely they are to form close relationships, which then leads to stronger bonds.
Members of the Sebung Bandung community, from administrators to volunteers,
have a need to share their feelings and have an emotional bond. It is shown in sharing
activities and free events that make them open and empathize with each other. The Sebung
Bandung community can survive because its community members already have the four
elements mentioned.
The five factors, namely rational persuasion, consultation tactics, ingratiation
tactics, personal appeals tactics and exchange tactics in the implementation of persuasion
communication in maintaining the loyalty of the Sebung Bandung community, are effective
because they form a community that actively contributes by participating in all Sebung
Bandung activities. In the end, a sense of community is formed in community members
which creates loyalty for Sebung Bandung community volunteers to maintain the
sustainability of the Sebung Bandung community in the future sustainability of the Sebung
community in the future.
Conclusion
Application of techniques that build persuasive communication applied by Sebung
Bandung administrators in maintaining volunteer loyalty Sebung Bandung social community
is with 1) rational tactics, which is persuasion from the first impression of meeting applied
to briefing activities, by directing volunteers based on logical reasons and data in the form of
facts, 2) consultation tactics, which is persuasion by providing facilities to develop
volunteer abilities applied to sharing session activities, by developing public speaking,
listening, empathizing and changing perceptions, 3) ingratiation tactics, which is persuading
by giving appreciation applied to the entire series of Sebung activities, by giving praise,
trust, and activity certificates, 4) personal appeal tactics, which is persuading with personal
closeness applied to sharing information, by inviting the closest friends to stay in the
community, 5) exchange tactics, which is persuading with deeper personal closeness applied
to sharing activities and free events, by creating similarity, open attitude, self healing, and
the desire to stay in the community.
Fifth techniques These five techniques create a sense of community in Sebung
Bandung community members including membership, influence, integration and fulfillment
of needs, and shared emotional connection. After a sense of community is formed, Sebung
community volunteers have the desire to contribute by participating in every Sebung
Bandung activity and ultimately form the loyalty of Sebung Bandung social community
volunteers.
Rational Persuasion
Rational action according to Weber relates to conscious consideration and the choice
that the action is expressed (Johnson, 2004: 220). Rational persuasion was implemented in
the initial series of weekly Sebung activities which took place every Friday at
20.00 WIB at the Bandung City Hall Historical Park. The activity is led by the person in
charge, which is usually taken over by the founder and co-founder of Sebung Bandung.
They started the activity with a briefing, namely a brief introduction to the Sebung
community, including the beginning of its establishment, a series of activities, and the goals
of the Sebung community itself. This was followed by an introduction to each of the
volunteers present and directions in carrying out the next series of activities. All
explanations spoken by the person in charge are always accompanied by the provision of
data or facts which are the reasons for the rules or things that Sebung community volunteers
must do.
The data and facts are obtained from the experience of the person in charge of
managing social programs or activities elsewhere. The person in charge who became the
speaker in the briefing session had two important criteria, namely credibility and
attractiveness (interest, similarity, beauty). The main objective during the briefing is to
convey a requirement for Sebung Bandung volunteers in the next series of activities, to greet
and motivate the target which is carried out for 10-15 minutes. This is a form of real
implementation of how Sebung's management conduct persuasive communication to its
volunteers. Therefore, greeting and providing motivation directed by the Sebung
management to volunteers is the first step to building volunteer loyalty. The management
provides examples and persuades with things that lead to social and humanitarian meanings.
Consultation Tactics
Dala Carnegie in Great Influencer (2018: 66) says that interest in the interlocutor can
be actualized in various ways. Even with the expression that someone is interested in
personality, experience, strengths and so on. It is also shown with body language and forms
of attention. Consultation Tactics are implemented in several series of Sebung activities, one
of which is a sharing session. The management provides a means for volunteers to be able to
hone their public speaking skills. This session was held after going to the streets at the
gathering point, Taman Sejarah. This method is in the form of an activity, where volunteers
have the opportunity to share the sharing experience that has been carried out in the down
the street session. This session was led directly by the Sebung management who was in
charge of the activity.
By forming a forum to develop public speaking skills, volunteers can not only hone
their soft skills. But they have several other abilities such as:
Public Speaking
Sebung Bandung volunteers are dominated by people with introverted personalities.
With so Sebung provides a sharing session as a platform for volunteers to develop their
public speaking skills about the stories they have. The story can be one volunteer's
experience communicating with the target or other experiences they have had in similar
social activities. The seating position when they do a sharing session is sitting in a circle and
the position of the speaker who stands where he originally sat.
Listen to
Both volunteers and administrators make themselves good listeners to the people
who are talking during the sharing session. Listening attitude from the board side can build
a good relationship with volunteers. While from the volunteers' side, it will increase their
insight and knowledge about social humanitarianism. Then loyalty will be built between
volunteers and the Sebung management itself.
Empathy
Baron and Byrne in (Asih and Pratiwi, 2010) state that empathy is the ability to feel
the emotional state of others, feel sympathetic and try to solve problems by taking other
people's perspectives. By listening to the sharing session, Sebung volunteers will learn to
understand the content of the story and appreciate the differences between people speakers
and themselves. That way Sebung volunteers can hone empathy from the exchange of stories
in the sharing.
Changing Perceptions
With the sharing session, volunteers' knowledge increases and they are able to
interpret the activities they do with a wider scope.
Ingratiation Tactics
Lincoln in Great Influencer (2018:61) said in every letter that, "Everyone Loves Praise",
humans have a desire to be important. Giving appreciation is one of the strategies to
maintain volunteer loyalty. This appreciation is applied throughout the series of Sebung
Bandung activities, namely briefings to sharing sessions. Appreciation carried out by
Sebung to its volunteers is divided into several forms, namely:
Praise
Compliments are not uncommon in the Sebung community. During briefings, there
are times when they get to know each other and compliment each other. This treatment has
become commonplace because it is easy for them to give compliments. That way when they
go down the street, volunteers also apply the behavior of the management to praise the
target. Praise for volunteers is also was raised during the sharing session. When volunteers
finish sharing their experiences, the person in charge always compliments them. It doesn't
stop at routine activities, during free events that are more about inter-personal
communication or small groups, Sebung administrators still familiarize themselves with the
program Themselves to deliver compliments so that Sebung volunteers will be more
comfortable talking and being open with the administrators or other Sebung members.
Trust
In the Sebung community, trust is given by the Sebung management when they feel
that the volunteer meets the predetermined criteria. Until now, the Sebung management has
given its trust to volunteers to manage Sebung activities such as being in charge of weekly
Sebung on Fridays, then monthly activities such as social experiences at the Dago Bandung
car free day, to annual activities such as Sebung Anniversary or Sebung Qurban. Therefore,
several Sebung activities are always accompanied by volunteers as organizers.
Activity Certificate
Sebung provides physical appreciation that can symbolize the participation of
volunteers in helping Sebung Bandung's activities. In addition to increasing volunteer
excitement and loyalty, this certificate is useful for Other volunteer interests such as the
need to fulfill the activities of certified activities as a requirement to graduate students or
exchange students and other needs. That way between the board and volunteers creates a
symbiotic condition of mutualism.
Personal Appeal Tactics
Florence Littauer in Great Influencer (2018: 12) says that within humans there are
different characters or personalities, so that feelings of insecurity will arise if in establishing
a relationship with others. When someone has determined to establish a relationship with
another person, personal closeness and trust between one another arise. Therefore, they can
persuade each other.
By sharing information between volunteers and administrators, they trust each other
to continue to survive in a community. The steps taken by the management itself are to
always remind all Sebung Bandung members on the WhatsApp group platform. Weekly
Sebung announcements are distributed through the group every Wednesday night. While
other announcements are distributed according to the activities held, which is no later than
three days before the activity. Then if it is seen that there are Sebung members who have not
participated in activities for more than one month, they will be contacted privately via
whatsapp chat by the Sebung public relations division. The results obtained by volunteers
become loyal because of a sense of security. They also apply again to share information as a
form of their contribution to the sustainability of the Sebung Bandung social community in
the future.
Exchange Tactics
Amin in Great Influencer (2018:59) says that feeling what others feel is extremely
difficult, requiring contemplation, an intense emotional adventure. Therefore, a person living
in this world needs a feeling adventure into other people's territory in order to care for others
more sharply. The Sebung Bandung management applies this exchange tactics factor to the
relationship between the management and volunteers. With a free event after the sharing
session, community members will freely exchange experiences, fun, and work more
intensely. Sebung administrators deliberately instill this factor so that Sebung members can
make Sebung more than just a community but can become a second home and self healing.
Sebung Bandung administrators build an atmosphere through three main topics, namely
food, love, and problems. Food and love topics are the gateway to break the ice in a forum.
Meanwhile, the topic of problems leads Sebung members, both administrators and
volunteers, to a more intense relationship. This factor causes several things in volunteers,
namely:
Similarity
Sebung Bandung's main informants are dominated by the similarity of feelings of
compatibility that arise when each volunteer feels there is something in common in the story
that was conveyed by them. The feeling of compatibility creates new things such as a sense
of gratitude, a sense of security and a sense of empathy. The feelings of compatibility felt by
Sebung volunteers are very diverse, ranging from family, personality, romantic
relationships, work and education. They find similar problems and eventually can learn from
each other, appreciate and give input to each other.
Open Attitude
The four informants who have joined the community for more than a year said they
have been open with some Sebung members whom they trust. So that they feel safe and
comfortable when telling about pleasant or sad things. Meanwhile, one main informant said
that he had not opened up to any of the Sebung volunteers or administrators because he did
not have enough time to do so.
Self Healing
Sebung is a community that can be a place for volunteers who want to heal
themselves from the burden or problems they face. The majority of Sebung volunteers are
people who are looking for a place to escape from the problems they have. This factor is
driven by the ability of Sebung's administrators to create a comfortable atmosphere and
activity time at night which makes the activity wise and meaningful.
Desire to Stay in the Community
Volunteers will stay in the Sebung community not for the reason of doing good by
sharing as the main goal, but to meet other Sebung volunteers and administrators. Sebung
volunteers consider Sebung as a family to them. Because by joining Sebung, they feel they
have found peace in themselves.
This exchange tactics factor eventually forms a sense of community or a feeling of
belonging to the Sebung Bandung community. This feeling will result in members' desire to
maintain the existence of the community in any way. One of them is by showing their
contribution in enlivening routine community activities. Sense of community has four
elements, each of which already exists and is applied to the Sebung Bandung community.
McMillan and Chavis in (Chavis, 2008) mention the four elements, namely:
Membership
Membership is the feeling that someone has invested themselves to become a
member of a community. Membership in a community has boundaries within the
community that distinguish community members from those who are not members of the
community, as well as knowing who is in the community.
The membership that distinguishes the activities of the Sebung Bandung social
community from other social communities can be seen from the activities, namely greeting
and sharing. Then for the community members themselves, Sebung members have t-shirts
and tote bags as member identities that distinguish Sebung members and members of other
communities.
Influence
Influence is the power that individuals have to influence other members and the
power of the community to influence individuals. Efforts to influence each other between
members and the community have been displayed from the entire series of Sebung Bandung
activities from briefings, taking to the streets, sharing sessions, to free events.
Shared Emotional Connection
Relationships A shared emotional connection within a community formed from
positive interactions, shared stories and shared experiences. The more people interact, the
more likely they are to form close relationships, which then leads to stronger bonds.
Members of the Sebung Bandung community, from administrators to volunteers,
have a need to share their feelings and have an emotional bond. It is shown in sharing
activities and free events that make them open and empathize with each other. The Sebung
Bandung community can survive because its community members already have the four
elements mentioned.
The five factors, namely rational persuasion, consultation tactics, ingratiation
tactics, personal appeals tactics and exchange tactics in the implementation of persuasion
communication in maintaining the loyalty of the Sebung Bandung community, are effective
because they form a community that actively contributes by participating in all Sebung
Bandung activities. In the end, a sense of community is formed in community members
which creates loyalty for Sebung Bandung community volunteers to maintain the
sustainability of the Sebung Bandung community in the future sustainability of the Sebung
community in the future.
Conclusion
Application of techniques that build persuasive communication applied by Sebung
Bandung administrators in maintaining volunteer loyalty Sebung Bandung social community
is with 1) rational tactics, which is persuasion from the first impression of meeting applied
to briefing activities, by directing volunteers based on logical reasons and data in the form of
facts, 2) consultation tactics, which is persuasion by providing facilities to develop
volunteer abilities applied to sharing session activities, by developing public speaking,
listening, empathizing and changing perceptions, 3) ingratiation tactics, which is persuading
by giving appreciation applied to the entire series of Sebung activities, by giving praise,
trust, and activity certificates, 4) personal appeal tactics, which is persuading with personal
closeness applied to sharing information, by inviting the closest friends to stay in the
community, 5) exchange tactics, which is persuading with deeper personal closeness applied
to sharing activities and free events, by creating similarity, open attitude, self healing, and
the desire to stay in the community.
Fifth techniques These five techniques create a sense of community in Sebung
Bandung community members including membership, influence, integration and fulfillment
of needs, and shared emotional connection. After a sense of community is formed, Sebung
community volunteers have the desire to contribute by participating in every Sebung
Bandung activity and ultimately form the loyalty of Sebung Bandung social community
volunteers.
Rational Persuasion
Rational action according to Weber relates to conscious consideration and the choice
that the action is expressed (Johnson, 2004: 220). Rational persuasion was implemented in
the initial series of weekly Sebung activities which took place every Friday at
20.00 WIB at the Bandung City Hall Historical Park. The activity is led by the person in
charge, which is usually taken over by the founder and co-founder of Sebung Bandung.
They started the activity with a briefing, namely a brief introduction to the Sebung
community, including the beginning of its establishment, a series of activities, and the goals
of the Sebung community itself. This was followed by an introduction to each of the
volunteers present and directions in carrying out the next series of activities. All
explanations spoken by the person in charge are always accompanied by the provision of
data or facts which are the reasons for the rules or things that Sebung community volunteers
must do.
The data and facts are obtained from the experience of the person in charge of
managing social programs or activities elsewhere. The person in charge who became the
speaker in the briefing session had two important criteria, namely credibility and
attractiveness (interest, similarity, beauty). The main objective during the briefing is to
convey a requirement for Sebung Bandung volunteers in the next series of activities, to greet
and motivate the target which is carried out for 10-15 minutes. This is a form of real
implementation of how Sebung's management conduct persuasive communication to its
volunteers. Therefore, greeting and providing motivation directed by the Sebung
management to volunteers is the first step to building volunteer loyalty. The management
provides examples and persuades with things that lead to social and humanitarian meanings.
Consultation Tactics
Dala Carnegie in Great Influencer (2018: 66) says that interest in the interlocutor can
be actualized in various ways. Even with the expression that someone is interested in
personality, experience, strengths and so on. It is also shown with body language and forms
of attention. Consultation Tactics are implemented in several series of Sebung activities, one
of which is a sharing session. The management provides a means for volunteers to be able to
hone their public speaking skills. This session was held after going to the streets at the
gathering point, Taman Sejarah. This method is in the form of an activity, where volunteers
have the opportunity to share the sharing experience that has been carried out in the down
the street session. This session was led directly by the Sebung management who was in
charge of the activity.
By forming a forum to develop public speaking skills, volunteers can not only hone
their soft skills. But they have several other abilities such as:
Public Speaking
Sebung Bandung volunteers are dominated by people with introverted personalities.
With so Sebung provides a sharing session as a platform for volunteers to develop their
public speaking skills about the stories they have. The story can be one volunteer's
experience communicating with the target or other experiences they have had in similar
social activities. The seating position when they do a sharing session is sitting in a circle and
the position of the speaker who stands where he originally sat.
Listen to
Both volunteers and administrators make themselves good listeners to the people
who are talking during the sharing session. Listening attitude from the board side can build
a good relationship with volunteers. While from the volunteers' side, it will increase their
insight and knowledge about social humanitarianism. Then loyalty will be built between
volunteers and the Sebung management itself.
Empathy
Baron and Byrne in (Asih and Pratiwi, 2010) state that empathy is the ability to feel
the emotional state of others, feel sympathetic and try to solve problems by taking other
people's perspectives. By listening to the sharing session, Sebung volunteers will learn to
understand the content of the story and appreciate the differences between people speakers
and themselves. That way Sebung volunteers can hone empathy from the exchange of stories
in the sharing.
Changing Perceptions
With the sharing session, volunteers' knowledge increases and they are able to
interpret the activities they do with a wider scope.
Ingratiation Tactics
Lincoln in Great Influencer (2018:61) said in every letter that, "Everyone Loves Praise",
humans have a desire to be important. Giving appreciation is one of the strategies to
maintain volunteer loyalty. This appreciation is applied throughout the series of Sebung
Bandung activities, namely briefings to sharing sessions. Appreciation carried out by
Sebung to its volunteers is divided into several forms, namely:
Praise
Compliments are not uncommon in the Sebung community. During briefings, there
are times when they get to know each other and compliment each other. This treatment has
become commonplace because it is easy for them to give compliments. That way when they
go down the street, volunteers also apply the behavior of the management to praise the
target. Praise for volunteers is also was raised during the sharing session. When volunteers
finish sharing their experiences, the person in charge always compliments them. It doesn't
stop at routine activities, during free events that are more about inter-personal
communication or small groups, Sebung administrators still familiarize themselves with the
program Themselves to deliver compliments so that Sebung volunteers will be more
comfortable talking and being open with the administrators or other Sebung members.
Trust
In the Sebung community, trust is given by the Sebung management when they feel
that the volunteer meets the predetermined criteria. Until now, the Sebung management has
given its trust to volunteers to manage Sebung activities such as being in charge of weekly
Sebung on Fridays, then monthly activities such as social experiences at the Dago Bandung
car free day, to annual activities such as Sebung Anniversary or Sebung Qurban. Therefore,
several Sebung activities are always accompanied by volunteers as organizers.
Activity Certificate
Sebung provides physical appreciation that can symbolize the participation of
volunteers in helping Sebung Bandung's activities. In addition to increasing volunteer
excitement and loyalty, this certificate is useful for Other volunteer interests such as the
need to fulfill the activities of certified activities as a requirement to graduate students or
exchange students and other needs. That way between the board and volunteers creates a
symbiotic condition of mutualism.
Personal Appeal Tactics
Florence Littauer in Great Influencer (2018: 12) says that within humans there are
different characters or personalities, so that feelings of insecurity will arise if in establishing
a relationship with others. When someone has determined to establish a relationship with
another person, personal closeness and trust between one another arise. Therefore, they can
persuade each other.
By sharing information between volunteers and administrators, they trust each other
to continue to survive in a community. The steps taken by the management itself are to
always remind all Sebung Bandung members on the WhatsApp group platform. Weekly
Sebung announcements are distributed through the group every Wednesday night. While
other announcements are distributed according to the activities held, which is no later than
three days before the activity. Then if it is seen that there are Sebung members who have not
participated in activities for more than one month, they will be contacted privately via
whatsapp chat by the Sebung public relations division. The results obtained by volunteers
become loyal because of a sense of security. They also apply again to share information as a
form of their contribution to the sustainability of the Sebung Bandung social community in
the future.
Exchange Tactics
Amin in Great Influencer (2018:59) says that feeling what others feel is extremely
difficult, requiring contemplation, an intense emotional adventure. Therefore, a person living
in this world needs a feeling adventure into other people's territory in order to care for others
more sharply. The Sebung Bandung management applies this exchange tactics factor to the
relationship between the management and volunteers. With a free event after the sharing
session, community members will freely exchange experiences, fun, and work more
intensely. Sebung administrators deliberately instill this factor so that Sebung members can
make Sebung more than just a community but can become a second home and self healing.
Sebung Bandung administrators build an atmosphere through three main topics, namely
food, love, and problems. Food and love topics are the gateway to break the ice in a forum.
Meanwhile, the topic of problems leads Sebung members, both administrators and
volunteers, to a more intense relationship. This factor causes several things in volunteers,
namely:
Similarity
Sebung Bandung's main informants are dominated by the similarity of feelings of
compatibility that arise when each volunteer feels there is something in common in the story
that was conveyed by them. The feeling of compatibility creates new things such as a sense
of gratitude, a sense of security and a sense of empathy. The feelings of compatibility felt by
Sebung volunteers are very diverse, ranging from family, personality, romantic
relationships, work and education. They find similar problems and eventually can learn from
each other, appreciate and give input to each other.
Open Attitude
The four informants who have joined the community for more than a year said they
have been open with some Sebung members whom they trust. So that they feel safe and
comfortable when telling about pleasant or sad things. Meanwhile, one main informant said
that he had not opened up to any of the Sebung volunteers or administrators because he did
not have enough time to do so.
Self Healing
Sebung is a community that can be a place for volunteers who want to heal
themselves from the burden or problems they face. The majority of Sebung volunteers are
people who are looking for a place to escape from the problems they have. This factor is
driven by the ability of Sebung's administrators to create a comfortable atmosphere and
activity time at night which makes the activity wise and meaningful.
Desire to Stay in the Community
Volunteers will stay in the Sebung community not for the reason of doing good by
sharing as the main goal, but to meet other Sebung volunteers and administrators. Sebung
volunteers consider Sebung as a family to them. Because by joining Sebung, they feel they
have found peace in themselves.
This exchange tactics factor eventually forms a sense of community or a feeling of
belonging to the Sebung Bandung community. This feeling will result in members' desire to
maintain the existence of the community in any way. One of them is by showing their
contribution in enlivening routine community activities. Sense of community has four
elements, each of which already exists and is applied to the Sebung Bandung community.
McMillan and Chavis in (Chavis, 2008) mention the four elements, namely:
Membership
Membership is the feeling that someone has invested themselves to become a
member of a community. Membership in a community has boundaries within the
community that distinguish community members from those who are not members of the
community, as well as knowing who is in the community.
The membership that distinguishes the activities of the Sebung Bandung social
community from other social communities can be seen from the activities, namely greeting
and sharing. Then for the community members themselves, Sebung members have t-shirts
and tote bags as member identities that distinguish Sebung members and members of other
communities.
Influence
Influence is the power that individuals have to influence other members and the
power of the community to influence individuals. Efforts to influence each other between
members and the community have been displayed from the entire series of Sebung Bandung
activities from briefings, taking to the streets, sharing sessions, to free events.
Shared Emotional Connection
Relationships A shared emotional connection within a community formed from
positive interactions, shared stories and shared experiences. The more people interact, the
more likely they are to form close relationships, which then leads to stronger bonds.
Members of the Sebung Bandung community, from administrators to volunteers,
have a need to share their feelings and have an emotional bond. It is shown in sharing
activities and free events that make them open and empathize with each other. The Sebung
Bandung community can survive because its community members already have the four
elements mentioned.
The five factors, namely rational persuasion, consultation tactics, ingratiation
tactics, personal appeals tactics and exchange tactics in the implementation of persuasion
communication in maintaining the loyalty of the Sebung Bandung community, are effective
because they form a community that actively contributes by participating in all Sebung
Bandung activities. In the end, a sense of community is formed in community members
which creates loyalty for Sebung Bandung community volunteers to maintain the
sustainability of the Sebung Bandung community in the future sustainability of the Sebung
community in the future.
Conclusion
Application of techniques that build persuasive communication applied by Sebung
Bandung administrators in maintaining volunteer loyalty Sebung Bandung social community
is with 1) rational tactics, which is persuasion from the first impression of meeting applied
to briefing activities, by directing volunteers based on logical reasons and data in the form of
facts, 2) consultation tactics, which is persuasion by providing facilities to develop
volunteer abilities applied to sharing session activities, by developing public speaking,
listening, empathizing and changing perceptions, 3) ingratiation tactics, which is persuading
by giving appreciation applied to the entire series of Sebung activities, by giving praise,
trust, and activity certificates, 4) personal appeal tactics, which is persuading with personal
closeness applied to sharing information, by inviting the closest friends to stay in the
community, 5) exchange tactics, which is persuading with deeper personal closeness applied
to sharing activities and free events, by creating similarity, open attitude, self healing, and
the desire to stay in the community.
Fifth techniques These five techniques create a sense of community in Sebung
Bandung community members including membership, influence, integration and fulfillment
of needs, and shared emotional connection. After a sense of community is formed, Sebung
community volunteers have the desire to contribute by participating in every Sebung
Bandung activity and ultimately form the loyalty of Sebung Bandung social community
volunteers.
Rational Persuasion
Rational action according to Weber relates to conscious consideration and the choice
that the action is expressed (Johnson, 2004: 220). Rational persuasion was implemented in
the initial series of weekly Sebung activities which took place every Friday at
20.00 WIB at the Bandung City Hall Historical Park. The activity is led by the person in
charge, which is usually taken over by the founder and co-founder of Sebung Bandung.
They started the activity with a briefing, namely a brief introduction to the Sebung
community, including the beginning of its establishment, a series of activities, and the goals
of the Sebung community itself. This was followed by an introduction to each of the
volunteers present and directions in carrying out the next series of activities. All
explanations spoken by the person in charge are always accompanied by the provision of
data or facts which are the reasons for the rules or things that Sebung community volunteers
must do.
The data and facts are obtained from the experience of the person in charge of
managing social programs or activities elsewhere. The person in charge who became the
speaker in the briefing session had two important criteria, namely credibility and
attractiveness (interest, similarity, beauty). The main objective during the briefing is to
convey a requirement for Sebung Bandung volunteers in the next series of activities, to greet
and motivate the target which is carried out for 10-15 minutes. This is a form of real
implementation of how Sebung's management conduct persuasive communication to its
volunteers. Therefore, greeting and providing motivation directed by the Sebung
management to volunteers is the first step to building volunteer loyalty. The management
provides examples and persuades with things that lead to social and humanitarian meanings.
Consultation Tactics
Dala Carnegie in Great Influencer (2018: 66) says that interest in the interlocutor can
be actualized in various ways. Even with the expression that someone is interested in
personality, experience, strengths and so on. It is also shown with body language and forms
of attention. Consultation Tactics are implemented in several series of Sebung activities, one
of which is a sharing session. The management provides a means for volunteers to be able to
hone their public speaking skills. This session was held after going to the streets at the
gathering point, Taman Sejarah. This method is in the form of an activity, where volunteers
have the opportunity to share the sharing experience that has been carried out in the down
the street session. This session was led directly by the Sebung management who was in
charge of the activity.
By forming a forum to develop public speaking skills, volunteers can not only hone
their soft skills. But they have several other abilities such as:
Public Speaking
Sebung Bandung volunteers are dominated by people with introverted personalities.
With so Sebung provides a sharing session as a platform for volunteers to develop their
public speaking skills about the stories they have. The story can be one volunteer's
experience communicating with the target or other experiences they have had in similar
social activities. The seating position when they do a sharing session is sitting in a circle and
the position of the speaker who stands where he originally sat.
Listen to
Both volunteers and administrators make themselves good listeners to the people
who are talking during the sharing session. Listening attitude from the board side can build
a good relationship with volunteers. While from the volunteers' side, it will increase their
insight and knowledge about social humanitarianism. Then loyalty will be built between
volunteers and the Sebung management itself.
Empathy
Baron and Byrne in (Asih and Pratiwi, 2010) state that empathy is the ability to feel
the emotional state of others, feel sympathetic and try to solve problems by taking other
people's perspectives. By listening to the sharing session, Sebung volunteers will learn to
understand the content of the story and appreciate the differences between people speakers
and themselves. That way Sebung volunteers can hone empathy from the exchange of stories
in the sharing.
Changing Perceptions
With the sharing session, volunteers' knowledge increases and they are able to
interpret the activities they do with a wider scope.
Ingratiation Tactics
Lincoln in Great Influencer (2018:61) said in every letter that, "Everyone Loves Praise",
humans have a desire to be important. Giving appreciation is one of the strategies to
maintain volunteer loyalty. This appreciation is applied throughout the series of Sebung
Bandung activities, namely briefings to sharing sessions. Appreciation carried out by
Sebung to its volunteers is divided into several forms, namely:
Praise
Compliments are not uncommon in the Sebung community. During briefings, there
are times when they get to know each other and compliment each other. This treatment has
become commonplace because it is easy for them to give compliments. That way when they
go down the street, volunteers also apply the behavior of the management to praise the
target. Praise for volunteers is also was raised during the sharing session. When volunteers
finish sharing their experiences, the person in charge always compliments them. It doesn't
stop at routine activities, during free events that are more about inter-personal
communication or small groups, Sebung administrators still familiarize themselves with the
program Themselves to deliver compliments so that Sebung volunteers will be more
comfortable talking and being open with the administrators or other Sebung members.
Trust
In the Sebung community, trust is given by the Sebung management when they feel
that the volunteer meets the predetermined criteria. Until now, the Sebung management has
given its trust to volunteers to manage Sebung activities such as being in charge of weekly
Sebung on Fridays, then monthly activities such as social experiences at the Dago Bandung
car free day, to annual activities such as Sebung Anniversary or Sebung Qurban. Therefore,
several Sebung activities are always accompanied by volunteers as organizers.
Activity Certificate
Sebung provides physical appreciation that can symbolize the participation of
volunteers in helping Sebung Bandung's activities. In addition to increasing volunteer
excitement and loyalty, this certificate is useful for Other volunteer interests such as the
need to fulfill the activities of certified activities as a requirement to graduate students or
exchange students and other needs. That way between the board and volunteers creates a
symbiotic condition of mutualism.
Personal Appeal Tactics
Florence Littauer in Great Influencer (2018: 12) says that within humans there are
different characters or personalities, so that feelings of insecurity will arise if in establishing
a relationship with others. When someone has determined to establish a relationship with
another person, personal closeness and trust between one another arise. Therefore, they can
persuade each other.
By sharing information between volunteers and administrators, they trust each other
to continue to survive in a community. The steps taken by the management itself are to
always remind all Sebung Bandung members on the WhatsApp group platform. Weekly
Sebung announcements are distributed through the group every Wednesday night. While
other announcements are distributed according to the activities held, which is no later than
three days before the activity. Then if it is seen that there are Sebung members who have not
participated in activities for more than one month, they will be contacted privately via
whatsapp chat by the Sebung public relations division. The results obtained by volunteers
become loyal because of a sense of security. They also apply again to share information as a
form of their contribution to the sustainability of the Sebung Bandung social community in
the future.
Exchange Tactics
Amin in Great Influencer (2018:59) says that feeling what others feel is extremely
difficult, requiring contemplation, an intense emotional adventure. Therefore, a person living
in this world needs a feeling adventure into other people's territory in order to care for others
more sharply. The Sebung Bandung management applies this exchange tactics factor to the
relationship between the management and volunteers. With a free event after the sharing
session, community members will freely exchange experiences, fun, and work more
intensely. Sebung administrators deliberately instill this factor so that Sebung members can
make Sebung more than just a community but can become a second home and self healing.
Sebung Bandung administrators build an atmosphere through three main topics, namely
food, love, and problems. Food and love topics are the gateway to break the ice in a forum.
Meanwhile, the topic of problems leads Sebung members, both administrators and
volunteers, to a more intense relationship. This factor causes several things in volunteers,
namely:
Similarity
Sebung Bandung's main informants are dominated by the similarity of feelings of
compatibility that arise when each volunteer feels there is something in common in the story
that was conveyed by them. The feeling of compatibility creates new things such as a sense
of gratitude, a sense of security and a sense of empathy. The feelings of compatibility felt by
Sebung volunteers are very diverse, ranging from family, personality, romantic
relationships, work and education. They find similar problems and eventually can learn from
each other, appreciate and give input to each other.
Open Attitude
The four informants who have joined the community for more than a year said they
have been open with some Sebung members whom they trust. So that they feel safe and
comfortable when telling about pleasant or sad things. Meanwhile, one main informant said
that he had not opened up to any of the Sebung volunteers or administrators because he did
not have enough time to do so.
Self Healing
Sebung is a community that can be a place for volunteers who want to heal
themselves from the burden or problems they face. The majority of Sebung volunteers are
people who are looking for a place to escape from the problems they have. This factor is
driven by the ability of Sebung's administrators to create a comfortable atmosphere and
activity time at night which makes the activity wise and meaningful.
Desire to Stay in the Community
Volunteers will stay in the Sebung community not for the reason of doing good by
sharing as the main goal, but to meet other Sebung volunteers and administrators. Sebung
volunteers consider Sebung as a family to them. Because by joining Sebung, they feel they
have found peace in themselves.
This exchange tactics factor eventually forms a sense of community or a feeling of
belonging to the Sebung Bandung community. This feeling will result in members' desire to
maintain the existence of the community in any way. One of them is by showing their
contribution in enlivening routine community activities. Sense of community has four
elements, each of which already exists and is applied to the Sebung Bandung community.
McMillan and Chavis in (Chavis, 2008) mention the four elements, namely:
Membership
Membership is the feeling that someone has invested themselves to become a
member of a community. Membership in a community has boundaries within the
community that distinguish community members from those who are not members of the
community, as well as knowing who is in the community.
The membership that distinguishes the activities of the Sebung Bandung social
community from other social communities can be seen from the activities, namely greeting
and sharing. Then for the community members themselves, Sebung members have t-shirts
and tote bags as member identities that distinguish Sebung members and members of other
communities.
Influence
Influence is the power that individuals have to influence other members and the
power of the community to influence individuals. Efforts to influence each other between
members and the community have been displayed from the entire series of Sebung Bandung
activities from briefings, taking to the streets, sharing sessions, to free events.
Shared Emotional Connection
Relationships A shared emotional connection within a community formed from
positive interactions, shared stories and shared experiences. The more people interact, the
more likely they are to form close relationships, which then leads to stronger bonds.
Members of the Sebung Bandung community, from administrators to volunteers,
have a need to share their feelings and have an emotional bond. It is shown in sharing
activities and free events that make them open and empathize with each other. The Sebung
Bandung community can survive because its community members already have the four
elements mentioned.
The five factors, namely rational persuasion, consultation tactics, ingratiation
tactics, personal appeals tactics and exchange tactics in the implementation of persuasion
communication in maintaining the loyalty of the Sebung Bandung community, are effective
because they form a community that actively contributes by participating in all Sebung
Bandung activities. In the end, a sense of community is formed in community members
which creates loyalty for Sebung Bandung community volunteers to maintain the
sustainability of the Sebung Bandung community in the future sustainability of the Sebung
community in the future.
Conclusion
Application of techniques that build persuasive communication applied by Sebung
Bandung administrators in maintaining volunteer loyalty Sebung Bandung social community
is with 1) rational tactics, which is persuasion from the first impression of meeting applied
to briefing activities, by directing volunteers based on logical reasons and data in the form of
facts, 2) consultation tactics, which is persuasion by providing facilities to develop
volunteer abilities applied to sharing session activities, by developing public speaking,
listening, empathizing and changing perceptions, 3) ingratiation tactics, which is persuading
by giving appreciation applied to the entire series of Sebung activities, by giving praise,
trust, and activity certificates, 4) personal appeal tactics, which is persuading with personal
closeness applied to sharing information, by inviting the closest friends to stay in the
community, 5) exchange tactics, which is persuading with deeper personal closeness applied
to sharing activities and free events, by creating similarity, open attitude, self healing, and
the desire to stay in the community.
Fifth techniques These five techniques create a sense of community in Sebung
Bandung community members including membership, influence, integration and fulfillment
of needs, and shared emotional connection. After a sense of community is formed, Sebung
community volunteers have the desire to contribute by participating in every Sebung
Bandung activity and ultimately form the loyalty of Sebung Bandung social community
volunteers.
Rational Persuasion
Rational action according to Weber relates to conscious consideration and the choice
that the action is expressed (Johnson, 2004: 220). Rational persuasion was implemented in
the initial series of weekly Sebung activities which took place every Friday at
20.00 WIB at the Bandung City Hall Historical Park. The activity is led by the person in
charge, which is usually taken over by the founder and co-founder of Sebung Bandung.
They started the activity with a briefing, namely a brief introduction to the Sebung
community, including the beginning of its establishment, a series of activities, and the goals
of the Sebung community itself. This was followed by an introduction to each of the
volunteers present and directions in carrying out the next series of activities. All
explanations spoken by the person in charge are always accompanied by the provision of
data or facts which are the reasons for the rules or things that Sebung community volunteers
must do.
The data and facts are obtained from the experience of the person in charge of
managing social programs or activities elsewhere. The person in charge who became the
speaker in the briefing session had two important criteria, namely credibility and
attractiveness (interest, similarity, beauty). The main objective during the briefing is to
convey a requirement for Sebung Bandung volunteers in the next series of activities, to greet
and motivate the target which is carried out for 10-15 minutes. This is a form of real
implementation of how Sebung's management conduct persuasive communication to its
volunteers. Therefore, greeting and providing motivation directed by the Sebung
management to volunteers is the first step to building volunteer loyalty. The management
provides examples and persuades with things that lead to social and humanitarian meanings.
Consultation Tactics
Dala Carnegie in Great Influencer (2018: 66) says that interest in the interlocutor can
be actualized in various ways. Even with the expression that someone is interested in
personality, experience, strengths and so on. It is also shown with body language and forms
of attention. Consultation Tactics are implemented in several series of Sebung activities, one
of which is a sharing session. The management provides a means for volunteers to be able to
hone their public speaking skills. This session was held after going to the streets at the
gathering point, Taman Sejarah. This method is in the form of an activity, where volunteers
have the opportunity to share the sharing experience that has been carried out in the down
the street session. This session was led directly by the Sebung management who was in
charge of the activity.
By forming a forum to develop public speaking skills, volunteers can not only hone
their soft skills. But they have several other abilities such as:
Public Speaking
Sebung Bandung volunteers are dominated by people with introverted personalities.
With so Sebung provides a sharing session as a platform for volunteers to develop their
public speaking skills about the stories they have. The story can be one volunteer's
experience communicating with the target or other experiences they have had in similar
social activities. The seating position when they do a sharing session is sitting in a circle and
the position of the speaker who stands where he originally sat.
Listen to
Both volunteers and administrators make themselves good listeners to the people
who are talking during the sharing session. Listening attitude from the board side can build
a good relationship with volunteers. While from the volunteers' side, it will increase their
insight and knowledge about social humanitarianism. Then loyalty will be built between
volunteers and the Sebung management itself.
Empathy
Baron and Byrne in (Asih and Pratiwi, 2010) state that empathy is the ability to feel
the emotional state of others, feel sympathetic and try to solve problems by taking other
people's perspectives. By listening to the sharing session, Sebung volunteers will learn to
understand the content of the story and appreciate the differences between people speakers
and themselves. That way Sebung volunteers can hone empathy from the exchange of stories
in the sharing.
Changing Perceptions
With the sharing session, volunteers' knowledge increases and they are able to
interpret the activities they do with a wider scope.
Ingratiation Tactics
Lincoln in Great Influencer (2018:61) said in every letter that, "Everyone Loves Praise",
humans have a desire to be important. Giving appreciation is one of the strategies to
maintain volunteer loyalty. This appreciation is applied throughout the series of Sebung
Bandung activities, namely briefings to sharing sessions. Appreciation carried out by
Sebung to its volunteers is divided into several forms, namely:
Praise
Compliments are not uncommon in the Sebung community. During briefings, there
are times when they get to know each other and compliment each other. This treatment has
become commonplace because it is easy for them to give compliments. That way when they
go down the street, volunteers also apply the behavior of the management to praise the
target. Praise for volunteers is also was raised during the sharing session. When volunteers
finish sharing their experiences, the person in charge always compliments them. It doesn't
stop at routine activities, during free events that are more about inter-personal
communication or small groups, Sebung administrators still familiarize themselves with the
program Themselves to deliver compliments so that Sebung volunteers will be more
comfortable talking and being open with the administrators or other Sebung members.
Trust
In the Sebung community, trust is given by the Sebung management when they feel
that the volunteer meets the predetermined criteria. Until now, the Sebung management has
given its trust to volunteers to manage Sebung activities such as being in charge of weekly
Sebung on Fridays, then monthly activities such as social experiences at the Dago Bandung
car free day, to annual activities such as Sebung Anniversary or Sebung Qurban. Therefore,
several Sebung activities are always accompanied by volunteers as organizers.
Activity Certificate
Sebung provides physical appreciation that can symbolize the participation of
volunteers in helping Sebung Bandung's activities. In addition to increasing volunteer
excitement and loyalty, this certificate is useful for Other volunteer interests such as the
need to fulfill the activities of certified activities as a requirement to graduate students or
exchange students and other needs. That way between the board and volunteers creates a
symbiotic condition of mutualism.
Personal Appeal Tactics
Florence Littauer in Great Influencer (2018: 12) says that within humans there are
different characters or personalities, so that feelings of insecurity will arise if in establishing
a relationship with others. When someone has determined to establish a relationship with
another person, personal closeness and trust between one another arise. Therefore, they can
persuade each other.
By sharing information between volunteers and administrators, they trust each other
to continue to survive in a community. The steps taken by the management itself are to
always remind all Sebung Bandung members on the WhatsApp group platform. Weekly
Sebung announcements are distributed through the group every Wednesday night. While
other announcements are distributed according to the activities held, which is no later than
three days before the activity. Then if it is seen that there are Sebung members who have not
participated in activities for more than one month, they will be contacted privately via
whatsapp chat by the Sebung public relations division. The results obtained by volunteers
become loyal because of a sense of security. They also apply again to share information as a
form of their contribution to the sustainability of the Sebung Bandung social community in
the future.
Exchange Tactics
Amin in Great Influencer (2018:59) says that feeling what others feel is extremely
difficult, requiring contemplation, an intense emotional adventure. Therefore, a person living
in this world needs a feeling adventure into other people's territory in order to care for others
more sharply. The Sebung Bandung management applies this exchange tactics factor to the
relationship between the management and volunteers. With a free event after the sharing
session, community members will freely exchange experiences, fun, and work more
intensely. Sebung administrators deliberately instill this factor so that Sebung members can
make Sebung more than just a community but can become a second home and self healing.
Sebung Bandung administrators build an atmosphere through three main topics, namely
food, love, and problems. Food and love topics are the gateway to break the ice in a forum.
Meanwhile, the topic of problems leads Sebung members, both administrators and
volunteers, to a more intense relationship. This factor causes several things in volunteers,
namely:
Similarity
Sebung Bandung's main informants are dominated by the similarity of feelings of
compatibility that arise when each volunteer feels there is something in common in the story
that was conveyed by them. The feeling of compatibility creates new things such as a sense
of gratitude, a sense of security and a sense of empathy. The feelings of compatibility felt by
Sebung volunteers are very diverse, ranging from family, personality, romantic
relationships, work and education. They find similar problems and eventually can learn from
each other, appreciate and give input to each other.
Open Attitude
The four informants who have joined the community for more than a year said they
have been open with some Sebung members whom they trust. So that they feel safe and
comfortable when telling about pleasant or sad things. Meanwhile, one main informant said
that he had not opened up to any of the Sebung volunteers or administrators because he did
not have enough time to do so.
Self Healing
Sebung is a community that can be a place for volunteers who want to heal
themselves from the burden or problems they face. The majority of Sebung volunteers are
people who are looking for a place to escape from the problems they have. This factor is
driven by the ability of Sebung's administrators to create a comfortable atmosphere and
activity time at night which makes the activity wise and meaningful.
Desire to Stay in the Community
Volunteers will stay in the Sebung community not for the reason of doing good by
sharing as the main goal, but to meet other Sebung volunteers and administrators. Sebung
volunteers consider Sebung as a family to them. Because by joining Sebung, they feel they
have found peace in themselves.
This exchange tactics factor eventually forms a sense of community or a feeling of
belonging to the Sebung Bandung community. This feeling will result in members' desire to
maintain the existence of the community in any way. One of them is by showing their
contribution in enlivening routine community activities. Sense of community has four
elements, each of which already exists and is applied to the Sebung Bandung community.
McMillan and Chavis in (Chavis, 2008) mention the four elements, namely:
Membership
Membership is the feeling that someone has invested themselves to become a
member of a community. Membership in a community has boundaries within the
community that distinguish community members from those who are not members of the
community, as well as knowing who is in the community.
The membership that distinguishes the activities of the Sebung Bandung social
community from other social communities can be seen from the activities, namely greeting
and sharing. Then for the community members themselves, Sebung members have t-shirts
and tote bags as member identities that distinguish Sebung members and members of other
communities.
Influence
Influence is the power that individuals have to influence other members and the
power of the community to influence individuals. Efforts to influence each other between
members and the community have been displayed from the entire series of Sebung Bandung
activities from briefings, taking to the streets, sharing sessions, to free events.
Shared Emotional Connection
Relationships A shared emotional connection within a community formed from
positive interactions, shared stories and shared experiences. The more people interact, the
more likely they are to form close relationships, which then leads to stronger bonds.
Members of the Sebung Bandung community, from administrators to volunteers,
have a need to share their feelings and have an emotional bond. It is shown in sharing
activities and free events that make them open and empathize with each other. The Sebung
Bandung community can survive because its community members already have the four
elements mentioned.
The five factors, namely rational persuasion, consultation tactics, ingratiation
tactics, personal appeals tactics and exchange tactics in the implementation of persuasion
communication in maintaining the loyalty of the Sebung Bandung community, are effective
because they form a community that actively contributes by participating in all Sebung
Bandung activities. In the end, a sense of community is formed in community members
which creates loyalty for Sebung Bandung community volunteers to maintain the
sustainability of the Sebung Bandung community in the future sustainability of the Sebung
community in the future.
Conclusion
Application of techniques that build persuasive communication applied by Sebung
Bandung administrators in maintaining volunteer loyalty Sebung Bandung social community
is with 1) rational tactics, which is persuasion from the first impression of meeting applied
to briefing activities, by directing volunteers based on logical reasons and data in the form of
facts, 2) consultation tactics, which is persuasion by providing facilities to develop
volunteer abilities applied to sharing session activities, by developing public speaking,
listening, empathizing and changing perceptions, 3) ingratiation tactics, which is persuading
by giving appreciation applied to the entire series of Sebung activities, by giving praise,
trust, and activity certificates, 4) personal appeal tactics, which is persuading with personal
closeness applied to sharing information, by inviting the closest friends to stay in the
community, 5) exchange tactics, which is persuading with deeper personal closeness applied
to sharing activities and free events, by creating similarity, open attitude, self healing, and
the desire to stay in the community.
Fifth techniques These five techniques create a sense of community in Sebung
Bandung community members including membership, influence, integration and fulfillment
of needs, and shared emotional connection. After a sense of community is formed, Sebung
community volunteers have the desire to contribute by participating in every Sebung
Bandung activity and ultimately form the loyalty of Sebung Bandung social community
volunteers.
Rational Persuasion
Rational action according to Weber relates to conscious consideration and the choice
that the action is expressed (Johnson, 2004: 220). Rational persuasion was implemented in
the initial series of weekly Sebung activities which took place every Friday at
20.00 WIB at the Bandung City Hall Historical Park. The activity is led by the person in
charge, which is usually taken over by the founder and co-founder of Sebung Bandung.
They started the activity with a briefing, namely a brief introduction to the Sebung
community, including the beginning of its establishment, a series of activities, and the goals
of the Sebung community itself. This was followed by an introduction to each of the
volunteers present and directions in carrying out the next series of activities. All
explanations spoken by the person in charge are always accompanied by the provision of
data or facts which are the reasons for the rules or things that Sebung community volunteers
must do.
The data and facts are obtained from the experience of the person in charge of
managing social programs or activities elsewhere. The person in charge who became the
speaker in the briefing session had two important criteria, namely credibility and
attractiveness (interest, similarity, beauty). The main objective during the briefing is to
convey a requirement for Sebung Bandung volunteers in the next series of activities, to greet
and motivate the target which is carried out for 10-15 minutes. This is a form of real
implementation of how Sebung's management conduct persuasive communication to its
volunteers. Therefore, greeting and providing motivation directed by the Sebung
management to volunteers is the first step to building volunteer loyalty. The management
provides examples and persuades with things that lead to social and humanitarian meanings.
Consultation Tactics
Dala Carnegie in Great Influencer (2018: 66) says that interest in the interlocutor can
be actualized in various ways. Even with the expression that someone is interested in
personality, experience, strengths and so on. It is also shown with body language and forms
of attention. Consultation Tactics are implemented in several series of Sebung activities, one
of which is a sharing session. The management provides a means for volunteers to be able to
hone their public speaking skills. This session was held after going to the streets at the
gathering point, Taman Sejarah. This method is in the form of an activity, where volunteers
have the opportunity to share the sharing experience that has been carried out in the down
the street session. This session was led directly by the Sebung management who was in
charge of the activity.
By forming a forum to develop public speaking skills, volunteers can not only hone
their soft skills. But they have several other abilities such as:
Public Speaking
Sebung Bandung volunteers are dominated by people with introverted personalities.
With so Sebung provides a sharing session as a platform for volunteers to develop their
public speaking skills about the stories they have. The story can be one volunteer's
experience communicating with the target or other experiences they have had in similar
social activities. The seating position when they do a sharing session is sitting in a circle and
the position of the speaker who stands where he originally sat.
Listen to
Both volunteers and administrators make themselves good listeners to the people
who are talking during the sharing session. Listening attitude from the board side can build
a good relationship with volunteers. While from the volunteers' side, it will increase their
insight and knowledge about social humanitarianism. Then loyalty will be built between
volunteers and the Sebung management itself.
Empathy
Baron and Byrne in (Asih and Pratiwi, 2010) state that empathy is the ability to feel
the emotional state of others, feel sympathetic and try to solve problems by taking other
people's perspectives. By listening to the sharing session, Sebung volunteers will learn to
understand the content of the story and appreciate the differences between people speakers
and themselves. That way Sebung volunteers can hone empathy from the exchange of stories
in the sharing.
Changing Perceptions
With the sharing session, volunteers' knowledge increases and they are able to
interpret the activities they do with a wider scope.
Ingratiation Tactics
Lincoln in Great Influencer (2018:61) said in every letter that, "Everyone Loves Praise",
humans have a desire to be important. Giving appreciation is one of the strategies to
maintain volunteer loyalty. This appreciation is applied throughout the series of Sebung
Bandung activities, namely briefings to sharing sessions. Appreciation carried out by
Sebung to its volunteers is divided into several forms, namely:
Praise
Compliments are not uncommon in the Sebung community. During briefings, there
are times when they get to know each other and compliment each other. This treatment has
become commonplace because it is easy for them to give compliments. That way when they
go down the street, volunteers also apply the behavior of the management to praise the
target. Praise for volunteers is also was raised during the sharing session. When volunteers
finish sharing their experiences, the person in charge always compliments them. It doesn't
stop at routine activities, during free events that are more about inter-personal
communication or small groups, Sebung administrators still familiarize themselves with the
program Themselves to deliver compliments so that Sebung volunteers will be more
comfortable talking and being open with the administrators or other Sebung members.
Trust
In the Sebung community, trust is given by the Sebung management when they feel
that the volunteer meets the predetermined criteria. Until now, the Sebung management has
given its trust to volunteers to manage Sebung activities such as being in charge of weekly
Sebung on Fridays, then monthly activities such as social experiences at the Dago Bandung
car free day, to annual activities such as Sebung Anniversary or Sebung Qurban. Therefore,
several Sebung activities are always accompanied by volunteers as organizers.
Activity Certificate
Sebung provides physical appreciation that can symbolize the participation of
volunteers in helping Sebung Bandung's activities. In addition to increasing volunteer
excitement and loyalty, this certificate is useful for Other volunteer interests such as the
need to fulfill the activities of certified activities as a requirement to graduate students or
exchange students and other needs. That way between the board and volunteers creates a
symbiotic condition of mutualism.
Personal Appeal Tactics
Florence Littauer in Great Influencer (2018: 12) says that within humans there are
different characters or personalities, so that feelings of insecurity will arise if in establishing
a relationship with others. When someone has determined to establish a relationship with
another person, personal closeness and trust between one another arise. Therefore, they can
persuade each other.
By sharing information between volunteers and administrators, they trust each other
to continue to survive in a community. The steps taken by the management itself are to
always remind all Sebung Bandung members on the WhatsApp group platform. Weekly
Sebung announcements are distributed through the group every Wednesday night. While
other announcements are distributed according to the activities held, which is no later than
three days before the activity. Then if it is seen that there are Sebung members who have not
participated in activities for more than one month, they will be contacted privately via
whatsapp chat by the Sebung public relations division. The results obtained by volunteers
become loyal because of a sense of security. They also apply again to share information as a
form of their contribution to the sustainability of the Sebung Bandung social community in
the future.
Exchange Tactics
Amin in Great Influencer (2018:59) says that feeling what others feel is extremely
difficult, requiring contemplation, an intense emotional adventure. Therefore, a person living
in this world needs a feeling adventure into other people's territory in order to care for others
more sharply. The Sebung Bandung management applies this exchange tactics factor to the
relationship between the management and volunteers. With a free event after the sharing
session, community members will freely exchange experiences, fun, and work more
intensely. Sebung administrators deliberately instill this factor so that Sebung members can
make Sebung more than just a community but can become a second home and self healing.
Sebung Bandung administrators build an atmosphere through three main topics, namely
food, love, and problems. Food and love topics are the gateway to break the ice in a forum.
Meanwhile, the topic of problems leads Sebung members, both administrators and
volunteers, to a more intense relationship. This factor causes several things in volunteers,
namely:
Similarity
Sebung Bandung's main informants are dominated by the similarity of feelings of
compatibility that arise when each volunteer feels there is something in common in the story
that was conveyed by them. The feeling of compatibility creates new things such as a sense
of gratitude, a sense of security and a sense of empathy. The feelings of compatibility felt by
Sebung volunteers are very diverse, ranging from family, personality, romantic
relationships, work and education. They find similar problems and eventually can learn from
each other, appreciate and give input to each other.
Open Attitude
The four informants who have joined the community for more than a year said they
have been open with some Sebung members whom they trust. So that they feel safe and
comfortable when telling about pleasant or sad things. Meanwhile, one main informant said
that he had not opened up to any of the Sebung volunteers or administrators because he did
not have enough time to do so.
Self Healing
Sebung is a community that can be a place for volunteers who want to heal
themselves from the burden or problems they face. The majority of Sebung volunteers are
people who are looking for a place to escape from the problems they have. This factor is
driven by the ability of Sebung's administrators to create a comfortable atmosphere and
activity time at night which makes the activity wise and meaningful.
Desire to Stay in the Community
Volunteers will stay in the Sebung community not for the reason of doing good by
sharing as the main goal, but to meet other Sebung volunteers and administrators. Sebung
volunteers consider Sebung as a family to them. Because by joining Sebung, they feel they
have found peace in themselves.
This exchange tactics factor eventually forms a sense of community or a feeling of
belonging to the Sebung Bandung community. This feeling will result in members' desire to
maintain the existence of the community in any way. One of them is by showing their
contribution in enlivening routine community activities. Sense of community has four
elements, each of which already exists and is applied to the Sebung Bandung community.
McMillan and Chavis in (Chavis, 2008) mention the four elements, namely:
Membership
Membership is the feeling that someone has invested themselves to become a
member of a community. Membership in a community has boundaries within the
community that distinguish community members from those who are not members of the
community, as well as knowing who is in the community.
The membership that distinguishes the activities of the Sebung Bandung social
community from other social communities can be seen from the activities, namely greeting
and sharing. Then for the community members themselves, Sebung members have t-shirts
and tote bags as member identities that distinguish Sebung members and members of other
communities.
Influence
Influence is the power that individuals have to influence other members and the
power of the community to influence individuals. Efforts to influence each other between
members and the community have been displayed from the entire series of Sebung Bandung
activities from briefings, taking to the streets, sharing sessions, to free events.
Shared Emotional Connection
Relationships A shared emotional connection within a community formed from
positive interactions, shared stories and shared experiences. The more people interact, the
more likely they are to form close relationships, which then leads to stronger bonds.
Members of the Sebung Bandung community, from administrators to volunteers,
have a need to share their feelings and have an emotional bond. It is shown in sharing
activities and free events that make them open and empathize with each other. The Sebung
Bandung community can survive because its community members already have the four
elements mentioned.
The five factors, namely rational persuasion, consultation tactics, ingratiation
tactics, personal appeals tactics and exchange tactics in the implementation of persuasion
communication in maintaining the loyalty of the Sebung Bandung community, are effective
because they form a community that actively contributes by participating in all Sebung
Bandung activities. In the end, a sense of community is formed in community members
which creates loyalty for Sebung Bandung community volunteers to maintain the
sustainability of the Sebung Bandung community in the future sustainability of the Sebung
community in the future.
Conclusion
Application of techniques that build persuasive communication applied by Sebung
Bandung administrators in maintaining volunteer loyalty Sebung Bandung social community
is with 1) rational tactics, which is persuasion from the first impression of meeting applied
to briefing activities, by directing volunteers based on logical reasons and data in the form of
facts, 2) consultation tactics, which is persuasion by providing facilities to develop
volunteer abilities applied to sharing session activities, by developing public speaking,
listening, empathizing and changing perceptions, 3) ingratiation tactics, which is persuading
by giving appreciation applied to the entire series of Sebung activities, by giving praise,
trust, and activity certificates, 4) personal appeal tactics, which is persuading with personal
closeness applied to sharing information, by inviting the closest friends to stay in the
community, 5) exchange tactics, which is persuading with deeper personal closeness applied
to sharing activities and free events, by creating similarity, open attitude, self healing, and
the desire to stay in the community.
Fifth techniques These five techniques create a sense of community in Sebung
Bandung community members including membership, influence, integration and fulfillment
of needs, and shared emotional connection. After a sense of community is formed, Sebung
community volunteers have the desire to contribute by participating in every Sebung
Bandung activity and ultimately form the loyalty of Sebung Bandung social community
volunteers.
Rational Persuasion
Rational action according to Weber relates to conscious consideration and the choice
that the action is expressed (Johnson, 2004: 220). Rational persuasion was implemented in
the initial series of weekly Sebung activities which took place every Friday at
20.00 WIB at the Bandung City Hall Historical Park. The activity is led by the person in
charge, which is usually taken over by the founder and co-founder of Sebung Bandung.
They started the activity with a briefing, namely a brief introduction to the Sebung
community, including the beginning of its establishment, a series of activities, and the goals
of the Sebung community itself. This was followed by an introduction to each of the
volunteers present and directions in carrying out the next series of activities. All
explanations spoken by the person in charge are always accompanied by the provision of
data or facts which are the reasons for the rules or things that Sebung community volunteers
must do.
The data and facts are obtained from the experience of the person in charge of
managing social programs or activities elsewhere. The person in charge who became the
speaker in the briefing session had two important criteria, namely credibility and
attractiveness (interest, similarity, beauty). The main objective during the briefing is to
convey a requirement for Sebung Bandung volunteers in the next series of activities, to greet
and motivate the target which is carried out for 10-15 minutes. This is a form of real
implementation of how Sebung's management conduct persuasive communication to its
volunteers. Therefore, greeting and providing motivation directed by the Sebung
management to volunteers is the first step to building volunteer loyalty. The management
provides examples and persuades with things that lead to social and humanitarian meanings.
Consultation Tactics
Dala Carnegie in Great Influencer (2018: 66) says that interest in the interlocutor can
be actualized in various ways. Even with the expression that someone is interested in
personality, experience, strengths and so on. It is also shown with body language and forms
of attention. Consultation Tactics are implemented in several series of Sebung activities, one
of which is a sharing session. The management provides a means for volunteers to be able to
hone their public speaking skills. This session was held after going to the streets at the
gathering point, Taman Sejarah. This method is in the form of an activity, where volunteers
have the opportunity to share the sharing experience that has been carried out in the down
the street session. This session was led directly by the Sebung management who was in
charge of the activity.
By forming a forum to develop public speaking skills, volunteers can not only hone
their soft skills. But they have several other abilities such as:
Public Speaking
Sebung Bandung volunteers are dominated by people with introverted personalities.
With so Sebung provides a sharing session as a platform for volunteers to develop their
public speaking skills about the stories they have. The story can be one volunteer's
experience communicating with the target or other experiences they have had in similar
social activities. The seating position when they do a sharing session is sitting in a circle and
the position of the speaker who stands where he originally sat.
Listen to
Both volunteers and administrators make themselves good listeners to the people
who are talking during the sharing session. Listening attitude from the board side can build
a good relationship with volunteers. While from the volunteers' side, it will increase their
insight and knowledge about social humanitarianism. Then loyalty will be built between
volunteers and the Sebung management itself.
Empathy
Baron and Byrne in (Asih and Pratiwi, 2010) state that empathy is the ability to feel
the emotional state of others, feel sympathetic and try to solve problems by taking other
people's perspectives. By listening to the sharing session, Sebung volunteers will learn to
understand the content of the story and appreciate the differences between people speakers
and themselves. That way Sebung volunteers can hone empathy from the exchange of stories
in the sharing.
Changing Perceptions
With the sharing session, volunteers' knowledge increases and they are able to
interpret the activities they do with a wider scope.
Ingratiation Tactics
Lincoln in Great Influencer (2018:61) said in every letter that, "Everyone Loves Praise",
humans have a desire to be important. Giving appreciation is one of the strategies to
maintain volunteer loyalty. This appreciation is applied throughout the series of Sebung
Bandung activities, namely briefings to sharing sessions. Appreciation carried out by
Sebung to its volunteers is divided into several forms, namely:
Praise
Compliments are not uncommon in the Sebung community. During briefings, there
are times when they get to know each other and compliment each other. This treatment has
become commonplace because it is easy for them to give compliments. That way when they
go down the street, volunteers also apply the behavior of the management to praise the
target. Praise for volunteers is also was raised during the sharing session. When volunteers
finish sharing their experiences, the person in charge always compliments them. It doesn't
stop at routine activities, during free events that are more about inter-personal
communication or small groups, Sebung administrators still familiarize themselves with the
program Themselves to deliver compliments so that Sebung volunteers will be more
comfortable talking and being open with the administrators or other Sebung members.
Trust
In the Sebung community, trust is given by the Sebung management when they feel
that the volunteer meets the predetermined criteria. Until now, the Sebung management has
given its trust to volunteers to manage Sebung activities such as being in charge of weekly
Sebung on Fridays, then monthly activities such as social experiences at the Dago Bandung
car free day, to annual activities such as Sebung Anniversary or Sebung Qurban. Therefore,
several Sebung activities are always accompanied by volunteers as organizers.
Activity Certificate
Sebung provides physical appreciation that can symbolize the participation of
volunteers in helping Sebung Bandung's activities. In addition to increasing volunteer
excitement and loyalty, this certificate is useful for Other volunteer interests such as the
need to fulfill the activities of certified activities as a requirement to graduate students or
exchange students and other needs. That way between the board and volunteers creates a
symbiotic condition of mutualism.
Personal Appeal Tactics
Florence Littauer in Great Influencer (2018: 12) says that within humans there are
different characters or personalities, so that feelings of insecurity will arise if in establishing
a relationship with others. When someone has determined to establish a relationship with
another person, personal closeness and trust between one another arise. Therefore, they can
persuade each other.
By sharing information between volunteers and administrators, they trust each other
to continue to survive in a community. The steps taken by the management itself are to
always remind all Sebung Bandung members on the WhatsApp group platform. Weekly
Sebung announcements are distributed through the group every Wednesday night. While
other announcements are distributed according to the activities held, which is no later than
three days before the activity. Then if it is seen that there are Sebung members who have not
participated in activities for more than one month, they will be contacted privately via
whatsapp chat by the Sebung public relations division. The results obtained by volunteers
become loyal because of a sense of security. They also apply again to share information as a
form of their contribution to the sustainability of the Sebung Bandung social community in
the future.
Exchange Tactics
Amin in Great Influencer (2018:59) says that feeling what others feel is extremely
difficult, requiring contemplation, an intense emotional adventure. Therefore, a person living
in this world needs a feeling adventure into other people's territory in order to care for others
more sharply. The Sebung Bandung management applies this exchange tactics factor to the
relationship between the management and volunteers. With a free event after the sharing
session, community members will freely exchange experiences, fun, and work more
intensely. Sebung administrators deliberately instill this factor so that Sebung members can
make Sebung more than just a community but can become a second home and self healing.
Sebung Bandung administrators build an atmosphere through three main topics, namely
food, love, and problems. Food and love topics are the gateway to break the ice in a forum.
Meanwhile, the topic of problems leads Sebung members, both administrators and
volunteers, to a more intense relationship. This factor causes several things in volunteers,
namely:
Similarity
Sebung Bandung's main informants are dominated by the similarity of feelings of
compatibility that arise when each volunteer feels there is something in common in the story
that was conveyed by them. The feeling of compatibility creates new things such as a sense
of gratitude, a sense of security and a sense of empathy. The feelings of compatibility felt by
Sebung volunteers are very diverse, ranging from family, personality, romantic
relationships, work and education. They find similar problems and eventually can learn from
each other, appreciate and give input to each other.
Open Attitude
The four informants who have joined the community for more than a year said they
have been open with some Sebung members whom they trust. So that they feel safe and
comfortable when telling about pleasant or sad things. Meanwhile, one main informant said
that he had not opened up to any of the Sebung volunteers or administrators because he did
not have enough time to do so.
Self Healing
Sebung is a community that can be a place for volunteers who want to heal
themselves from the burden or problems they face. The majority of Sebung volunteers are
people who are looking for a place to escape from the problems they have. This factor is
driven by the ability of Sebung's administrators to create a comfortable atmosphere and
activity time at night which makes the activity wise and meaningful.
Desire to Stay in the Community
Volunteers will stay in the Sebung community not for the reason of doing good by
sharing as the main goal, but to meet other Sebung volunteers and administrators. Sebung
volunteers consider Sebung as a family to them. Because by joining Sebung, they feel they
have found peace in themselves.
This exchange tactics factor eventually forms a sense of community or a feeling of
belonging to the Sebung Bandung community. This feeling will result in members' desire to
maintain the existence of the community in any way. One of them is by showing their
contribution in enlivening routine community activities. Sense of community has four
elements, each of which already exists and is applied to the Sebung Bandung community.
McMillan and Chavis in (Chavis, 2008) mention the four elements, namely:
Membership
Membership is the feeling that someone has invested themselves to become a
member of a community. Membership in a community has boundaries within the
community that distinguish community members from those who are not members of the
community, as well as knowing who is in the community.
The membership that distinguishes the activities of the Sebung Bandung social
community from other social communities can be seen from the activities, namely greeting
and sharing. Then for the community members themselves, Sebung members have t-shirts
and tote bags as member identities that distinguish Sebung members and members of other
communities.
Influence
Influence is the power that individuals have to influence other members and the
power of the community to influence individuals. Efforts to influence each other between
members and the community have been displayed from the entire series of Sebung Bandung
activities from briefings, taking to the streets, sharing sessions, to free events.
Shared Emotional Connection
Relationships A shared emotional connection within a community formed from
positive interactions, shared stories and shared experiences. The more people interact, the
more likely they are to form close relationships, which then leads to stronger bonds.
Members of the Sebung Bandung community, from administrators to volunteers,
have a need to share their feelings and have an emotional bond. It is shown in sharing
activities and free events that make them open and empathize with each other. The Sebung
Bandung community can survive because its community members already have the four
elements mentioned.
The five factors, namely rational persuasion, consultation tactics, ingratiation
tactics, personal appeals tactics and exchange tactics in the implementation of persuasion
communication in maintaining the loyalty of the Sebung Bandung community, are effective
because they form a community that actively contributes by participating in all Sebung
Bandung activities. In the end, a sense of community is formed in community members
which creates loyalty for Sebung Bandung community volunteers to maintain the
sustainability of the Sebung Bandung community in the future sustainability of the Sebung
community in the future.
Conclusion
Application of techniques that build persuasive communication applied by Sebung
Bandung administrators in maintaining volunteer loyalty Sebung Bandung social community
is with 1) rational tactics, which is persuasion from the first impression of meeting applied
to briefing activities, by directing volunteers based on logical reasons and data in the form of
facts, 2) consultation tactics, which is persuasion by providing facilities to develop
volunteer abilities applied to sharing session activities, by developing public speaking,
listening, empathizing and changing perceptions, 3) ingratiation tactics, which is persuading
by giving appreciation applied to the entire series of Sebung activities, by giving praise,
trust, and activity certificates, 4) personal appeal tactics, which is persuading with personal
closeness applied to sharing information, by inviting the closest friends to stay in the
community, 5) exchange tactics, which is persuading with deeper personal closeness applied
to sharing activities and free events, by creating similarity, open attitude, self healing, and
the desire to stay in the community.
Fifth techniques These five techniques create a sense of community in Sebung
Bandung community members including membership, influence, integration and fulfillment
of needs, and shared emotional connection. After a sense of community is formed, Sebung
community volunteers have the desire to contribute by participating in every Sebung
Bandung activity and ultimately form the loyalty of Sebung Bandung social community
volunteers.
Rational Persuasion
Rational action according to Weber relates to conscious consideration and the choice
that the action is expressed (Johnson, 2004: 220). Rational persuasion was implemented in
the initial series of weekly Sebung activities which took place every Friday at
20.00 WIB at the Bandung City Hall Historical Park. The activity is led by the person in
charge, which is usually taken over by the founder and co-founder of Sebung Bandung.
They started the activity with a briefing, namely a brief introduction to the Sebung
community, including the beginning of its establishment, a series of activities, and the goals
of the Sebung community itself. This was followed by an introduction to each of the
volunteers present and directions in carrying out the next series of activities. All
explanations spoken by the person in charge are always accompanied by the provision of
data or facts which are the reasons for the rules or things that Sebung community volunteers
must do.
The data and facts are obtained from the experience of the person in charge of
managing social programs or activities elsewhere. The person in charge who became the
speaker in the briefing session had two important criteria, namely credibility and
attractiveness (interest, similarity, beauty). The main objective during the briefing is to
convey a requirement for Sebung Bandung volunteers in the next series of activities, to greet
and motivate the target which is carried out for 10-15 minutes. This is a form of real
implementation of how Sebung's management conduct persuasive communication to its
volunteers. Therefore, greeting and providing motivation directed by the Sebung
management to volunteers is the first step to building volunteer loyalty. The management
provides examples and persuades with things that lead to social and humanitarian meanings.
Consultation Tactics
Dala Carnegie in Great Influencer (2018: 66) says that interest in the interlocutor can
be actualized in various ways. Even with the expression that someone is interested in
personality, experience, strengths and so on. It is also shown with body language and forms
of attention. Consultation Tactics are implemented in several series of Sebung activities, one
of which is a sharing session. The management provides a means for volunteers to be able to
hone their public speaking skills. This session was held after going to the streets at the
gathering point, Taman Sejarah. This method is in the form of an activity, where volunteers
have the opportunity to share the sharing experience that has been carried out in the down
the street session. This session was led directly by the Sebung management who was in
charge of the activity.
By forming a forum to develop public speaking skills, volunteers can not only hone
their soft skills. But they have several other abilities such as:
Public Speaking
Sebung Bandung volunteers are dominated by people with introverted personalities.
With so Sebung provides a sharing session as a platform for volunteers to develop their
public speaking skills about the stories they have. The story can be one volunteer's
experience communicating with the target or other experiences they have had in similar
social activities. The seating position when they do a sharing session is sitting in a circle and
the position of the speaker who stands where he originally sat.
Listen to
Both volunteers and administrators make themselves good listeners to the people
who are talking during the sharing session. Listening attitude from the board side can build
a good relationship with volunteers. While from the volunteers' side, it will increase their
insight and knowledge about social humanitarianism. Then loyalty will be built between
volunteers and the Sebung management itself.
Empathy
Baron and Byrne in (Asih and Pratiwi, 2010) state that empathy is the ability to feel
the emotional state of others, feel sympathetic and try to solve problems by taking other
people's perspectives. By listening to the sharing session, Sebung volunteers will learn to
understand the content of the story and appreciate the differences between people speakers
and themselves. That way Sebung volunteers can hone empathy from the exchange of stories
in the sharing.
Changing Perceptions
With the sharing session, volunteers' knowledge increases and they are able to
interpret the activities they do with a wider scope.
Ingratiation Tactics
Lincoln in Great Influencer (2018:61) said in every letter that, "Everyone Loves Praise",
humans have a desire to be important. Giving appreciation is one of the strategies to
maintain volunteer loyalty. This appreciation is applied throughout the series of Sebung
Bandung activities, namely briefings to sharing sessions. Appreciation carried out by
Sebung to its volunteers is divided into several forms, namely:
Praise
Compliments are not uncommon in the Sebung community. During briefings, there
are times when they get to know each other and compliment each other. This treatment has
become commonplace because it is easy for them to give compliments. That way when they
go down the street, volunteers also apply the behavior of the management to praise the
target. Praise for volunteers is also was raised during the sharing session. When volunteers
finish sharing their experiences, the person in charge always compliments them. It doesn't
stop at routine activities, during free events that are more about inter-personal
communication or small groups, Sebung administrators still familiarize themselves with the
program Themselves to deliver compliments so that Sebung volunteers will be more
comfortable talking and being open with the administrators or other Sebung members.
Trust
In the Sebung community, trust is given by the Sebung management when they feel
that the volunteer meets the predetermined criteria. Until now, the Sebung management has
given its trust to volunteers to manage Sebung activities such as being in charge of weekly
Sebung on Fridays, then monthly activities such as social experiences at the Dago Bandung
car free day, to annual activities such as Sebung Anniversary or Sebung Qurban. Therefore,
several Sebung activities are always accompanied by volunteers as organizers.
Activity Certificate
Sebung provides physical appreciation that can symbolize the participation of
volunteers in helping Sebung Bandung's activities. In addition to increasing volunteer
excitement and loyalty, this certificate is useful for Other volunteer interests such as the
need to fulfill the activities of certified activities as a requirement to graduate students or
exchange students and other needs. That way between the board and volunteers creates a
symbiotic condition of mutualism.
Personal Appeal Tactics
Florence Littauer in Great Influencer (2018: 12) says that within humans there are
different characters or personalities, so that feelings of insecurity will arise if in establishing
a relationship with others. When someone has determined to establish a relationship with
another person, personal closeness and trust between one another arise. Therefore, they can
persuade each other.
By sharing information between volunteers and administrators, they trust each other
to continue to survive in a community. The steps taken by the management itself are to
always remind all Sebung Bandung members on the WhatsApp group platform. Weekly
Sebung announcements are distributed through the group every Wednesday night. While
other announcements are distributed according to the activities held, which is no later than
three days before the activity. Then if it is seen that there are Sebung members who have not
participated in activities for more than one month, they will be contacted privately via
whatsapp chat by the Sebung public relations division. The results obtained by volunteers
become loyal because of a sense of security. They also apply again to share information as a
form of their contribution to the sustainability of the Sebung Bandung social community in
the future.
Exchange Tactics
Amin in Great Influencer (2018:59) says that feeling what others feel is extremely
difficult, requiring contemplation, an intense emotional adventure. Therefore, a person living
in this world needs a feeling adventure into other people's territory in order to care for others
more sharply. The Sebung Bandung management applies this exchange tactics factor to the
relationship between the management and volunteers. With a free event after the sharing
session, community members will freely exchange experiences, fun, and work more
intensely. Sebung administrators deliberately instill this factor so that Sebung members can
make Sebung more than just a community but can become a second home and self healing.
Sebung Bandung administrators build an atmosphere through three main topics, namely
food, love, and problems. Food and love topics are the gateway to break the ice in a forum.
Meanwhile, the topic of problems leads Sebung members, both administrators and
volunteers, to a more intense relationship. This factor causes several things in volunteers,
namely:
Similarity
Sebung Bandung's main informants are dominated by the similarity of feelings of
compatibility that arise when each volunteer feels there is something in common in the story
that was conveyed by them. The feeling of compatibility creates new things such as a sense
of gratitude, a sense of security and a sense of empathy. The feelings of compatibility felt by
Sebung volunteers are very diverse, ranging from family, personality, romantic
relationships, work and education. They find similar problems and eventually can learn from
each other, appreciate and give input to each other.
Open Attitude
The four informants who have joined the community for more than a year said they
have been open with some Sebung members whom they trust. So that they feel safe and
comfortable when telling about pleasant or sad things. Meanwhile, one main informant said
that he had not opened up to any of the Sebung volunteers or administrators because he did
not have enough time to do so.
Self Healing
Sebung is a community that can be a place for volunteers who want to heal
themselves from the burden or problems they face. The majority of Sebung volunteers are
people who are looking for a place to escape from the problems they have. This factor is
driven by the ability of Sebung's administrators to create a comfortable atmosphere and
activity time at night which makes the activity wise and meaningful.
Desire to Stay in the Community
Volunteers will stay in the Sebung community not for the reason of doing good by
sharing as the main goal, but to meet other Sebung volunteers and administrators. Sebung
volunteers consider Sebung as a family to them. Because by joining Sebung, they feel they
have found peace in themselves.
This exchange tactics factor eventually forms a sense of community or a feeling of
belonging to the Sebung Bandung community. This feeling will result in members' desire to
maintain the existence of the community in any way. One of them is by showing their
contribution in enlivening routine community activities. Sense of community has four
elements, each of which already exists and is applied to the Sebung Bandung community.
McMillan and Chavis in (Chavis, 2008) mention the four elements, namely:
Membership
Membership is the feeling that someone has invested themselves to become a
member of a community. Membership in a community has boundaries within the
community that distinguish community members from those who are not members of the
community, as well as knowing who is in the community.
The membership that distinguishes the activities of the Sebung Bandung social
community from other social communities can be seen from the activities, namely greeting
and sharing. Then for the community members themselves, Sebung members have t-shirts
and tote bags as member identities that distinguish Sebung members and members of other
communities.
Influence
Influence is the power that individuals have to influence other members and the
power of the community to influence individuals. Efforts to influence each other between
members and the community have been displayed from the entire series of Sebung Bandung
activities from briefings, taking to the streets, sharing sessions, to free events.
Shared Emotional Connection
Relationships A shared emotional connection within a community formed from
positive interactions, shared stories and shared experiences. The more people interact, the
more likely they are to form close relationships, which then leads to stronger bonds.
Members of the Sebung Bandung community, from administrators to volunteers,
have a need to share their feelings and have an emotional bond. It is shown in sharing
activities and free events that make them open and empathize with each other. The Sebung
Bandung community can survive because its community members already have the four
elements mentioned.
The five factors, namely rational persuasion, consultation tactics, ingratiation
tactics, personal appeals tactics and exchange tactics in the implementation of persuasion
communication in maintaining the loyalty of the Sebung Bandung community, are effective
because they form a community that actively contributes by participating in all Sebung
Bandung activities. In the end, a sense of community is formed in community members
which creates loyalty for Sebung Bandung community volunteers to maintain the
sustainability of the Sebung Bandung community in the future sustainability of the Sebung
community in the future.
Conclusion
Application of techniques that build persuasive communication applied by Sebung
Bandung administrators in maintaining volunteer loyalty Sebung Bandung social community
is with 1) rational tactics, which is persuasion from the first impression of meeting applied
to briefing activities, by directing volunteers based on logical reasons and data in the form of
facts, 2) consultation tactics, which is persuasion by providing facilities to develop
volunteer abilities applied to sharing session activities, by developing public speaking,
listening, empathizing and changing perceptions, 3) ingratiation tactics, which is persuading
by giving appreciation applied to the entire series of Sebung activities, by giving praise,
trust, and activity certificates, 4) personal appeal tactics, which is persuading with personal
closeness applied to sharing information, by inviting the closest friends to stay in the
community, 5) exchange tactics, which is persuading with deeper personal closeness applied
to sharing activities and free events, by creating similarity, open attitude, self healing, and
the desire to stay in the community.
Fifth techniques These five techniques create a sense of community in Sebung
Bandung community members including membership, influence, integration and fulfillment
of needs, and shared emotional connection. After a sense of community is formed, Sebung
community volunteers have the desire to contribute by participating in every Sebung
Bandung activity and ultimately form the loyalty of Sebung Bandung social community
volunteers.
Rational Persuasion
Rational action according to Weber relates to conscious consideration and the choice
that the action is expressed (Johnson, 2004: 220). Rational persuasion was implemented in
the initial series of weekly Sebung activities which took place every Friday at
20.00 WIB at the Bandung City Hall Historical Park. The activity is led by the person in
charge, which is usually taken over by the founder and co-founder of Sebung Bandung.
They started the activity with a briefing, namely a brief introduction to the Sebung
community, including the beginning of its establishment, a series of activities, and the goals
of the Sebung community itself. This was followed by an introduction to each of the
volunteers present and directions in carrying out the next series of activities. All
explanations spoken by the person in charge are always accompanied by the provision of
data or facts which are the reasons for the rules or things that Sebung community volunteers
must do.
The data and facts are obtained from the experience of the person in charge of
managing social programs or activities elsewhere. The person in charge who became the
speaker in the briefing session had two important criteria, namely credibility and
attractiveness (interest, similarity, beauty). The main objective during the briefing is to
convey a requirement for Sebung Bandung volunteers in the next series of activities, to greet
and motivate the target which is carried out for 10-15 minutes. This is a form of real
implementation of how Sebung's management conduct persuasive communication to its
volunteers. Therefore, greeting and providing motivation directed by the Sebung
management to volunteers is the first step to building volunteer loyalty. The management
provides examples and persuades with things that lead to social and humanitarian meanings.
Consultation Tactics
Dala Carnegie in Great Influencer (2018: 66) says that interest in the interlocutor can
be actualized in various ways. Even with the expression that someone is interested in
personality, experience, strengths and so on. It is also shown with body language and forms
of attention. Consultation Tactics are implemented in several series of Sebung activities, one
of which is a sharing session. The management provides a means for volunteers to be able to
hone their public speaking skills. This session was held after going to the streets at the
gathering point, Taman Sejarah. This method is in the form of an activity, where volunteers
have the opportunity to share the sharing experience that has been carried out in the down
the street session. This session was led directly by the Sebung management who was in
charge of the activity.
By forming a forum to develop public speaking skills, volunteers can not only hone
their soft skills. But they have several other abilities such as:
Public Speaking
Sebung Bandung volunteers are dominated by people with introverted personalities.
With so Sebung provides a sharing session as a platform for volunteers to develop their
public speaking skills about the stories they have. The story can be one volunteer's
experience communicating with the target or other experiences they have had in similar
social activities. The seating position when they do a sharing session is sitting in a circle and
the position of the speaker who stands where he originally sat.
Listen to
Both volunteers and administrators make themselves good listeners to the people
who are talking during the sharing session. Listening attitude from the board side can build
a good relationship with volunteers. While from the volunteers' side, it will increase their
insight and knowledge about social humanitarianism. Then loyalty will be built between
volunteers and the Sebung management itself.
Empathy
Baron and Byrne in (Asih and Pratiwi, 2010) state that empathy is the ability to feel
the emotional state of others, feel sympathetic and try to solve problems by taking other
people's perspectives. By listening to the sharing session, Sebung volunteers will learn to
understand the content of the story and appreciate the differences between people speakers
and themselves. That way Sebung volunteers can hone empathy from the exchange of stories
in the sharing.
Changing Perceptions
With the sharing session, volunteers' knowledge increases and they are able to
interpret the activities they do with a wider scope.
Ingratiation Tactics
Lincoln in Great Influencer (2018:61) said in every letter that, "Everyone Loves Praise",
humans have a desire to be important. Giving appreciation is one of the strategies to
maintain volunteer loyalty. This appreciation is applied throughout the series of Sebung
Bandung activities, namely briefings to sharing sessions. Appreciation carried out by
Sebung to its volunteers is divided into several forms, namely:
Praise
Compliments are not uncommon in the Sebung community. During briefings, there
are times when they get to know each other and compliment each other. This treatment has
become commonplace because it is easy for them to give compliments. That way when they
go down the street, volunteers also apply the behavior of the management to praise the
target. Praise for volunteers is also was raised during the sharing session. When volunteers
finish sharing their experiences, the person in charge always compliments them. It doesn't
stop at routine activities, during free events that are more about inter-personal
communication or small groups, Sebung administrators still familiarize themselves with the
program Themselves to deliver compliments so that Sebung volunteers will be more
comfortable talking and being open with the administrators or other Sebung members.
Trust
In the Sebung community, trust is given by the Sebung management when they feel
that the volunteer meets the predetermined criteria. Until now, the Sebung management has
given its trust to volunteers to manage Sebung activities such as being in charge of weekly
Sebung on Fridays, then monthly activities such as social experiences at the Dago Bandung
car free day, to annual activities such as Sebung Anniversary or Sebung Qurban. Therefore,
several Sebung activities are always accompanied by volunteers as organizers.
Activity Certificate
Sebung provides physical appreciation that can symbolize the participation of
volunteers in helping Sebung Bandung's activities. In addition to increasing volunteer
excitement and loyalty, this certificate is useful for Other volunteer interests such as the
need to fulfill the activities of certified activities as a requirement to graduate students or
exchange students and other needs. That way between the board and volunteers creates a
symbiotic condition of mutualism.
Personal Appeal Tactics
Florence Littauer in Great Influencer (2018: 12) says that within humans there are
different characters or personalities, so that feelings of insecurity will arise if in establishing
a relationship with others. When someone has determined to establish a relationship with
another person, personal closeness and trust between one another arise. Therefore, they can
persuade each other.
By sharing information between volunteers and administrators, they trust each other
to continue to survive in a community. The steps taken by the management itself are to
always remind all Sebung Bandung members on the WhatsApp group platform. Weekly
Sebung announcements are distributed through the group every Wednesday night. While
other announcements are distributed according to the activities held, which is no later than
three days before the activity. Then if it is seen that there are Sebung members who have not
participated in activities for more than one month, they will be contacted privately via
whatsapp chat by the Sebung public relations division. The results obtained by volunteers
become loyal because of a sense of security. They also apply again to share information as a
form of their contribution to the sustainability of the Sebung Bandung social community in
the future.
Exchange Tactics
Amin in Great Influencer (2018:59) says that feeling what others feel is extremely
difficult, requiring contemplation, an intense emotional adventure. Therefore, a person living
in this world needs a feeling adventure into other people's territory in order to care for others
more sharply. The Sebung Bandung management applies this exchange tactics factor to the
relationship between the management and volunteers. With a free event after the sharing
session, community members will freely exchange experiences, fun, and work more
intensely. Sebung administrators deliberately instill this factor so that Sebung members can
make Sebung more than just a community but can become a second home and self healing.
Sebung Bandung administrators build an atmosphere through three main topics, namely
food, love, and problems. Food and love topics are the gateway to break the ice in a forum.
Meanwhile, the topic of problems leads Sebung members, both administrators and
volunteers, to a more intense relationship. This factor causes several things in volunteers,
namely:
Similarity
Sebung Bandung's main informants are dominated by the similarity of feelings of
compatibility that arise when each volunteer feels there is something in common in the story
that was conveyed by them. The feeling of compatibility creates new things such as a sense
of gratitude, a sense of security and a sense of empathy. The feelings of compatibility felt by
Sebung volunteers are very diverse, ranging from family, personality, romantic
relationships, work and education. They find similar problems and eventually can learn from
each other, appreciate and give input to each other.
Open Attitude
The four informants who have joined the community for more than a year said they
have been open with some Sebung members whom they trust. So that they feel safe and
comfortable when telling about pleasant or sad things. Meanwhile, one main informant said
that he had not opened up to any of the Sebung volunteers or administrators because he did
not have enough time to do so.
Self Healing
Sebung is a community that can be a place for volunteers who want to heal
themselves from the burden or problems they face. The majority of Sebung volunteers are
people who are looking for a place to escape from the problems they have. This factor is
driven by the ability of Sebung's administrators to create a comfortable atmosphere and
activity time at night which makes the activity wise and meaningful.
Desire to Stay in the Community
Volunteers will stay in the Sebung community not for the reason of doing good by
sharing as the main goal, but to meet other Sebung volunteers and administrators. Sebung
volunteers consider Sebung as a family to them. Because by joining Sebung, they feel they
have found peace in themselves.
This exchange tactics factor eventually forms a sense of community or a feeling of
belonging to the Sebung Bandung community. This feeling will result in members' desire to
maintain the existence of the community in any way. One of them is by showing their
contribution in enlivening routine community activities. Sense of community has four
elements, each of which already exists and is applied to the Sebung Bandung community.
McMillan and Chavis in (Chavis, 2008) mention the four elements, namely:
Membership
Membership is the feeling that someone has invested themselves to become a
member of a community. Membership in a community has boundaries within the
community that distinguish community members from those who are not members of the
community, as well as knowing who is in the community.
The membership that distinguishes the activities of the Sebung Bandung social
community from other social communities can be seen from the activities, namely greeting
and sharing. Then for the community members themselves, Sebung members have t-shirts
and tote bags as member identities that distinguish Sebung members and members of other
communities.
Influence
Influence is the power that individuals have to influence other members and the
power of the community to influence individuals. Efforts to influence each other between
members and the community have been displayed from the entire series of Sebung Bandung
activities from briefings, taking to the streets, sharing sessions, to free events.
Shared Emotional Connection
Relationships A shared emotional connection within a community formed from
positive interactions, shared stories and shared experiences. The more people interact, the
more likely they are to form close relationships, which then leads to stronger bonds.
Members of the Sebung Bandung community, from administrators to volunteers,
have a need to share their feelings and have an emotional bond. It is shown in sharing
activities and free events that make them open and empathize with each other. The Sebung
Bandung community can survive because its community members already have the four
elements mentioned.
The five factors, namely rational persuasion, consultation tactics, ingratiation
tactics, personal appeals tactics and exchange tactics in the implementation of persuasion
communication in maintaining the loyalty of the Sebung Bandung community, are effective
because they form a community that actively contributes by participating in all Sebung
Bandung activities. In the end, a sense of community is formed in community members
which creates loyalty for Sebung Bandung community volunteers to maintain the
sustainability of the Sebung Bandung community in the future sustainability of the Sebung
community in the future.
Conclusion
Application of techniques that build persuasive communication applied by Sebung
Bandung administrators in maintaining volunteer loyalty Sebung Bandung social community
is with 1) rational tactics, which is persuasion from the first impression of meeting applied
to briefing activities, by directing volunteers based on logical reasons and data in the form of
facts, 2) consultation tactics, which is persuasion by providing facilities to develop
volunteer abilities applied to sharing session activities, by developing public speaking,
listening, empathizing and changing perceptions, 3) ingratiation tactics, which is persuading
by giving appreciation applied to the entire series of Sebung activities, by giving praise,
trust, and activity certificates, 4) personal appeal tactics, which is persuading with personal
closeness applied to sharing information, by inviting the closest friends to stay in the
community, 5) exchange tactics, which is persuading with deeper personal closeness applied
to sharing activities and free events, by creating similarity, open attitude, self healing, and
the desire to stay in the community.
Fifth techniques These five techniques create a sense of community in Sebung
Bandung community members including membership, influence, integration and fulfillment
of needs, and shared emotional connection. After a sense of community is formed, Sebung
community volunteers have the desire to contribute by participating in every Sebung
Bandung activity and ultimately form the loyalty of Sebung Bandung social community
volunteers.
Rational Persuasion
Rational action according to Weber relates to conscious consideration and the choice
that the action is expressed (Johnson, 2004: 220). Rational persuasion was implemented in
the initial series of weekly Sebung activities which took place every Friday at
20.00 WIB at the Bandung City Hall Historical Park. The activity is led by the person in
charge, which is usually taken over by the founder and co-founder of Sebung Bandung.
They started the activity with a briefing, namely a brief introduction to the Sebung
community, including the beginning of its establishment, a series of activities, and the goals
of the Sebung community itself. This was followed by an introduction to each of the
volunteers present and directions in carrying out the next series of activities. All
explanations spoken by the person in charge are always accompanied by the provision of
data or facts which are the reasons for the rules or things that Sebung community volunteers
must do.
The data and facts are obtained from the experience of the person in charge of
managing social programs or activities elsewhere. The person in charge who became the
speaker in the briefing session had two important criteria, namely credibility and
attractiveness (interest, similarity, beauty). The main objective during the briefing is to
convey a requirement for Sebung Bandung volunteers in the next series of activities, to greet
and motivate the target which is carried out for 10-15 minutes. This is a form of real
implementation of how Sebung's management conduct persuasive communication to its
volunteers. Therefore, greeting and providing motivation directed by the Sebung
management to volunteers is the first step to building volunteer loyalty. The management
provides examples and persuades with things that lead to social and humanitarian meanings.
Consultation Tactics
Dala Carnegie in Great Influencer (2018: 66) says that interest in the interlocutor can
be actualized in various ways. Even with the expression that someone is interested in
personality, experience, strengths and so on. It is also shown with body language and forms
of attention. Consultation Tactics are implemented in several series of Sebung activities, one
of which is a sharing session. The management provides a means for volunteers to be able to
hone their public speaking skills. This session was held after going to the streets at the
gathering point, Taman Sejarah. This method is in the form of an activity, where volunteers
have the opportunity to share the sharing experience that has been carried out in the down
the street session. This session was led directly by the Sebung management who was in
charge of the activity.
By forming a forum to develop public speaking skills, volunteers can not only hone
their soft skills. But they have several other abilities such as:
Public Speaking
Sebung Bandung volunteers are dominated by people with introverted personalities.
With so Sebung provides a sharing session as a platform for volunteers to develop their
public speaking skills about the stories they have. The story can be one volunteer's
experience communicating with the target or other experiences they have had in similar
social activities. The seating position when they do a sharing session is sitting in a circle and
the position of the speaker who stands where he originally sat.
Listen to
Both volunteers and administrators make themselves good listeners to the people
who are talking during the sharing session. Listening attitude from the board side can build
a good relationship with volunteers. While from the volunteers' side, it will increase their
insight and knowledge about social humanitarianism. Then loyalty will be built between
volunteers and the Sebung management itself.
Empathy
Baron and Byrne in (Asih and Pratiwi, 2010) state that empathy is the ability to feel
the emotional state of others, feel sympathetic and try to solve problems by taking other
people's perspectives. By listening to the sharing session, Sebung volunteers will learn to
understand the content of the story and appreciate the differences between people speakers
and themselves. That way Sebung volunteers can hone empathy from the exchange of stories
in the sharing.
Changing Perceptions
With the sharing session, volunteers' knowledge increases and they are able to
interpret the activities they do with a wider scope.
Ingratiation Tactics
Lincoln in Great Influencer (2018:61) said in every letter that, "Everyone Loves Praise",
humans have a desire to be important. Giving appreciation is one of the strategies to
maintain volunteer loyalty. This appreciation is applied throughout the series of Sebung
Bandung activities, namely briefings to sharing sessions. Appreciation carried out by
Sebung to its volunteers is divided into several forms, namely:
Praise
Compliments are not uncommon in the Sebung community. During briefings, there
are times when they get to know each other and compliment each other. This treatment has
become commonplace because it is easy for them to give compliments. That way when they
go down the street, volunteers also apply the behavior of the management to praise the
target. Praise for volunteers is also was raised during the sharing session. When volunteers
finish sharing their experiences, the person in charge always compliments them. It doesn't
stop at routine activities, during free events that are more about inter-personal
communication or small groups, Sebung administrators still familiarize themselves with the
program Themselves to deliver compliments so that Sebung volunteers will be more
comfortable talking and being open with the administrators or other Sebung members.
Trust
In the Sebung community, trust is given by the Sebung management when they feel
that the volunteer meets the predetermined criteria. Until now, the Sebung management has
given its trust to volunteers to manage Sebung activities such as being in charge of weekly
Sebung on Fridays, then monthly activities such as social experiences at the Dago Bandung
car free day, to annual activities such as Sebung Anniversary or Sebung Qurban. Therefore,
several Sebung activities are always accompanied by volunteers as organizers.
Activity Certificate
Sebung provides physical appreciation that can symbolize the participation of
volunteers in helping Sebung Bandung's activities. In addition to increasing volunteer
excitement and loyalty, this certificate is useful for Other volunteer interests such as the
need to fulfill the activities of certified activities as a requirement to graduate students or
exchange students and other needs. That way between the board and volunteers creates a
symbiotic condition of mutualism.
Personal Appeal Tactics
Florence Littauer in Great Influencer (2018: 12) says that within humans there are
different characters or personalities, so that feelings of insecurity will arise if in establishing
a relationship with others. When someone has determined to establish a relationship with
another person, personal closeness and trust between one another arise. Therefore, they can
persuade each other.
By sharing information between volunteers and administrators, they trust each other
to continue to survive in a community. The steps taken by the management itself are to
always remind all Sebung Bandung members on the WhatsApp group platform. Weekly
Sebung announcements are distributed through the group every Wednesday night. While
other announcements are distributed according to the activities held, which is no later than
three days before the activity. Then if it is seen that there are Sebung members who have not
participated in activities for more than one month, they will be contacted privately via
whatsapp chat by the Sebung public relations division. The results obtained by volunteers
become loyal because of a sense of security. They also apply again to share information as a
form of their contribution to the sustainability of the Sebung Bandung social community in
the future.
Exchange Tactics
Amin in Great Influencer (2018:59) says that feeling what others feel is extremely
difficult, requiring contemplation, an intense emotional adventure. Therefore, a person living
in this world needs a feeling adventure into other people's territory in order to care for others
more sharply. The Sebung Bandung management applies this exchange tactics factor to the
relationship between the management and volunteers. With a free event after the sharing
session, community members will freely exchange experiences, fun, and work more
intensely. Sebung administrators deliberately instill this factor so that Sebung members can
make Sebung more than just a community but can become a second home and self healing.
Sebung Bandung administrators build an atmosphere through three main topics, namely
food, love, and problems. Food and love topics are the gateway to break the ice in a forum.
Meanwhile, the topic of problems leads Sebung members, both administrators and
volunteers, to a more intense relationship. This factor causes several things in volunteers,
namely:
Similarity
Sebung Bandung's main informants are dominated by the similarity of feelings of
compatibility that arise when each volunteer feels there is something in common in the story
that was conveyed by them. The feeling of compatibility creates new things such as a sense
of gratitude, a sense of security and a sense of empathy. The feelings of compatibility felt by
Sebung volunteers are very diverse, ranging from family, personality, romantic
relationships, work and education. They find similar problems and eventually can learn from
each other, appreciate and give input to each other.
Open Attitude
The four informants who have joined the community for more than a year said they
have been open with some Sebung members whom they trust. So that they feel safe and
comfortable when telling about pleasant or sad things. Meanwhile, one main informant said
that he had not opened up to any of the Sebung volunteers or administrators because he did
not have enough time to do so.
Self Healing
Sebung is a community that can be a place for volunteers who want to heal
themselves from the burden or problems they face. The majority of Sebung volunteers are
people who are looking for a place to escape from the problems they have. This factor is
driven by the ability of Sebung's administrators to create a comfortable atmosphere and
activity time at night which makes the activity wise and meaningful.
Desire to Stay in the Community
Volunteers will stay in the Sebung community not for the reason of doing good by
sharing as the main goal, but to meet other Sebung volunteers and administrators. Sebung
volunteers consider Sebung as a family to them. Because by joining Sebung, they feel they
have found peace in themselves.
This exchange tactics factor eventually forms a sense of community or a feeling of
belonging to the Sebung Bandung community. This feeling will result in members' desire to
maintain the existence of the community in any way. One of them is by showing their
contribution in enlivening routine community activities. Sense of community has four
elements, each of which already exists and is applied to the Sebung Bandung community.
McMillan and Chavis in (Chavis, 2008) mention the four elements, namely:
Membership
Membership is the feeling that someone has invested themselves to become a
member of a community. Membership in a community has boundaries within the
community that distinguish community members from those who are not members of the
community, as well as knowing who is in the community.
The membership that distinguishes the activities of the Sebung Bandung social
community from other social communities can be seen from the activities, namely greeting
and sharing. Then for the community members themselves, Sebung members have t-shirts
and tote bags as member identities that distinguish Sebung members and members of other
communities.
Influence
Influence is the power that individuals have to influence other members and the
power of the community to influence individuals. Efforts to influence each other between
members and the community have been displayed from the entire series of Sebung Bandung
activities from briefings, taking to the streets, sharing sessions, to free events.
Shared Emotional Connection
Relationships A shared emotional connection within a community formed from
positive interactions, shared stories and shared experiences. The more people interact, the
more likely they are to form close relationships, which then leads to stronger bonds.
Members of the Sebung Bandung community, from administrators to volunteers,
have a need to share their feelings and have an emotional bond. It is shown in sharing
activities and free events that make them open and empathize with each other. The Sebung
Bandung community can survive because its community members already have the four
elements mentioned.
The five factors, namely rational persuasion, consultation tactics, ingratiation
tactics, personal appeals tactics and exchange tactics in the implementation of persuasion
communication in maintaining the loyalty of the Sebung Bandung community, are effective
because they form a community that actively contributes by participating in all Sebung
Bandung activities. In the end, a sense of community is formed in community members
which creates loyalty for Sebung Bandung community volunteers to maintain the
sustainability of the Sebung Bandung community in the future sustainability of the Sebung
community in the future.
Conclusion
Application of techniques that build persuasive communication applied by Sebung
Bandung administrators in maintaining volunteer loyalty Sebung Bandung social community
is with 1) rational tactics, which is persuasion from the first impression of meeting applied
to briefing activities, by directing volunteers based on logical reasons and data in the form of
facts, 2) consultation tactics, which is persuasion by providing facilities to develop
volunteer abilities applied to sharing session activities, by developing public speaking,
listening, empathizing and changing perceptions, 3) ingratiation tactics, which is persuading
by giving appreciation applied to the entire series of Sebung activities, by giving praise,
trust, and activity certificates, 4) personal appeal tactics, which is persuading with personal
closeness applied to sharing information, by inviting the closest friends to stay in the
community, 5) exchange tactics, which is persuading with deeper personal closeness applied
to sharing activities and free events, by creating similarity, open attitude, self healing, and
the desire to stay in the community.
Fifth techniques These five techniques create a sense of community in Sebung
Bandung community members including membership, influence, integration and fulfillment
of needs, and shared emotional connection. After a sense of community is formed, Sebung
community volunteers have the desire to contribute by participating in every Sebung
Bandung activity and ultimately form the loyalty of Sebung Bandung social community
volunteers.
Rational Persuasion
Rational action according to Weber relates to conscious consideration and the choice
that the action is expressed (Johnson, 2004: 220). Rational persuasion was implemented in
the initial series of weekly Sebung activities which took place every Friday at
20.00 WIB at the Bandung City Hall Historical Park. The activity is led by the person in
charge, which is usually taken over by the founder and co-founder of Sebung Bandung.
They started the activity with a briefing, namely a brief introduction to the Sebung
community, including the beginning of its establishment, a series of activities, and the goals
of the Sebung community itself. This was followed by an introduction to each of the
volunteers present and directions in carrying out the next series of activities. All
explanations spoken by the person in charge are always accompanied by the provision of
data or facts which are the reasons for the rules or things that Sebung community volunteers
must do.
The data and facts are obtained from the experience of the person in charge of
managing social programs or activities elsewhere. The person in charge who became the
speaker in the briefing session had two important criteria, namely credibility and
attractiveness (interest, similarity, beauty). The main objective during the briefing is to
convey a requirement for Sebung Bandung volunteers in the next series of activities, to greet
and motivate the target which is carried out for 10-15 minutes. This is a form of real
implementation of how Sebung's management conduct persuasive communication to its
volunteers. Therefore, greeting and providing motivation directed by the Sebung
management to volunteers is the first step to building volunteer loyalty. The management
provides examples and persuades with things that lead to social and humanitarian meanings.
Consultation Tactics
Dala Carnegie in Great Influencer (2018: 66) says that interest in the interlocutor can
be actualized in various ways. Even with the expression that someone is interested in
personality, experience, strengths and so on. It is also shown with body language and forms
of attention. Consultation Tactics are implemented in several series of Sebung activities, one
of which is a sharing session. The management provides a means for volunteers to be able to
hone their public speaking skills. This session was held after going to the streets at the
gathering point, Taman Sejarah. This method is in the form of an activity, where volunteers
have the opportunity to share the sharing experience that has been carried out in the down
the street session. This session was led directly by the Sebung management who was in
charge of the activity.
By forming a forum to develop public speaking skills, volunteers can not only hone
their soft skills. But they have several other abilities such as:
Public Speaking
Sebung Bandung volunteers are dominated by people with introverted personalities.
With so Sebung provides a sharing session as a platform for volunteers to develop their
public speaking skills about the stories they have. The story can be one volunteer's
experience communicating with the target or other experiences they have had in similar
social activities. The seating position when they do a sharing session is sitting in a circle and
the position of the speaker who stands where he originally sat.
Listen to
Both volunteers and administrators make themselves good listeners to the people
who are talking during the sharing session. Listening attitude from the board side can build
a good relationship with volunteers. While from the volunteers' side, it will increase their
insight and knowledge about social humanitarianism. Then loyalty will be built between
volunteers and the Sebung management itself.
Empathy
Baron and Byrne in (Asih and Pratiwi, 2010) state that empathy is the ability to feel
the emotional state of others, feel sympathetic and try to solve problems by taking other
people's perspectives. By listening to the sharing session, Sebung volunteers will learn to
understand the content of the story and appreciate the differences between people speakers
and themselves. That way Sebung volunteers can hone empathy from the exchange of stories
in the sharing.
Changing Perceptions
With the sharing session, volunteers' knowledge increases and they are able to
interpret the activities they do with a wider scope.
Ingratiation Tactics
Lincoln in Great Influencer (2018:61) said in every letter that, "Everyone Loves Praise",
humans have a desire to be important. Giving appreciation is one of the strategies to
maintain volunteer loyalty. This appreciation is applied throughout the series of Sebung
Bandung activities, namely briefings to sharing sessions. Appreciation carried out by
Sebung to its volunteers is divided into several forms, namely:
Praise
Compliments are not uncommon in the Sebung community. During briefings, there
are times when they get to know each other and compliment each other. This treatment has
become commonplace because it is easy for them to give compliments. That way when they
go down the street, volunteers also apply the behavior of the management to praise the
target. Praise for volunteers is also was raised during the sharing session. When volunteers
finish sharing their experiences, the person in charge always compliments them. It doesn't
stop at routine activities, during free events that are more about inter-personal
communication or small groups, Sebung administrators still familiarize themselves with the
program Themselves to deliver compliments so that Sebung volunteers will be more
comfortable talking and being open with the administrators or other Sebung members.
Trust
In the Sebung community, trust is given by the Sebung management when they feel
that the volunteer meets the predetermined criteria. Until now, the Sebung management has
given its trust to volunteers to manage Sebung activities such as being in charge of weekly
Sebung on Fridays, then monthly activities such as social experiences at the Dago Bandung
car free day, to annual activities such as Sebung Anniversary or Sebung Qurban. Therefore,
several Sebung activities are always accompanied by volunteers as organizers.
Activity Certificate
Sebung provides physical appreciation that can symbolize the participation of
volunteers in helping Sebung Bandung's activities. In addition to increasing volunteer
excitement and loyalty, this certificate is useful for Other volunteer interests such as the
need to fulfill the activities of certified activities as a requirement to graduate students or
exchange students and other needs. That way between the board and volunteers creates a
symbiotic condition of mutualism.
Personal Appeal Tactics
Florence Littauer in Great Influencer (2018: 12) says that within humans there are
different characters or personalities, so that feelings of insecurity will arise if in establishing
a relationship with others. When someone has determined to establish a relationship with
another person, personal closeness and trust between one another arise. Therefore, they can
persuade each other.
By sharing information between volunteers and administrators, they trust each other
to continue to survive in a community. The steps taken by the management itself are to
always remind all Sebung Bandung members on the WhatsApp group platform. Weekly
Sebung announcements are distributed through the group every Wednesday night. While
other announcements are distributed according to the activities held, which is no later than
three days before the activity. Then if it is seen that there are Sebung members who have not
participated in activities for more than one month, they will be contacted privately via
whatsapp chat by the Sebung public relations division. The results obtained by volunteers
become loyal because of a sense of security. They also apply again to share information as a
form of their contribution to the sustainability of the Sebung Bandung social community in
the future.
Exchange Tactics
Amin in Great Influencer (2018:59) says that feeling what others feel is extremely
difficult, requiring contemplation, an intense emotional adventure. Therefore, a person living
in this world needs a feeling adventure into other people's territory in order to care for others
more sharply. The Sebung Bandung management applies this exchange tactics factor to the
relationship between the management and volunteers. With a free event after the sharing
session, community members will freely exchange experiences, fun, and work more
intensely. Sebung administrators deliberately instill this factor so that Sebung members can
make Sebung more than just a community but can become a second home and self healing.
Sebung Bandung administrators build an atmosphere through three main topics, namely
food, love, and problems. Food and love topics are the gateway to break the ice in a forum.
Meanwhile, the topic of problems leads Sebung members, both administrators and
volunteers, to a more intense relationship. This factor causes several things in volunteers,
namely:
Similarity
Sebung Bandung's main informants are dominated by the similarity of feelings of
compatibility that arise when each volunteer feels there is something in common in the story
that was conveyed by them. The feeling of compatibility creates new things such as a sense
of gratitude, a sense of security and a sense of empathy. The feelings of compatibility felt by
Sebung volunteers are very diverse, ranging from family, personality, romantic
relationships, work and education. They find similar problems and eventually can learn from
each other, appreciate and give input to each other.
Open Attitude
The four informants who have joined the community for more than a year said they
have been open with some Sebung members whom they trust. So that they feel safe and
comfortable when telling about pleasant or sad things. Meanwhile, one main informant said
that he had not opened up to any of the Sebung volunteers or administrators because he did
not have enough time to do so.
Self Healing
Sebung is a community that can be a place for volunteers who want to heal
themselves from the burden or problems they face. The majority of Sebung volunteers are
people who are looking for a place to escape from the problems they have. This factor is
driven by the ability of Sebung's administrators to create a comfortable atmosphere and
activity time at night which makes the activity wise and meaningful.
Desire to Stay in the Community
Volunteers will stay in the Sebung community not for the reason of doing good by
sharing as the main goal, but to meet other Sebung volunteers and administrators. Sebung
volunteers consider Sebung as a family to them. Because by joining Sebung, they feel they
have found peace in themselves.
This exchange tactics factor eventually forms a sense of community or a feeling of
belonging to the Sebung Bandung community. This feeling will result in members' desire to
maintain the existence of the community in any way. One of them is by showing their
contribution in enlivening routine community activities. Sense of community has four
elements, each of which already exists and is applied to the Sebung Bandung community.
McMillan and Chavis in (Chavis, 2008) mention the four elements, namely:
Membership
Membership is the feeling that someone has invested themselves to become a
member of a community. Membership in a community has boundaries within the
community that distinguish community members from those who are not members of the
community, as well as knowing who is in the community.
The membership that distinguishes the activities of the Sebung Bandung social
community from other social communities can be seen from the activities, namely greeting
and sharing. Then for the community members themselves, Sebung members have t-shirts
and tote bags as member identities that distinguish Sebung members and members of other
communities.
Influence
Influence is the power that individuals have to influence other members and the
power of the community to influence individuals. Efforts to influence each other between
members and the community have been displayed from the entire series of Sebung Bandung
activities from briefings, taking to the streets, sharing sessions, to free events.
Shared Emotional Connection
Relationships A shared emotional connection within a community formed from
positive interactions, shared stories and shared experiences. The more people interact, the
more likely they are to form close relationships, which then leads to stronger bonds.
Members of the Sebung Bandung community, from administrators to volunteers,
have a need to share their feelings and have an emotional bond. It is shown in sharing
activities and free events that make them open and empathize with each other. The Sebung
Bandung community can survive because its community members already have the four
elements mentioned.
The five factors, namely rational persuasion, consultation tactics, ingratiation
tactics, personal appeals tactics and exchange tactics in the implementation of persuasion
communication in maintaining the loyalty of the Sebung Bandung community, are effective
because they form a community that actively contributes by participating in all Sebung
Bandung activities. In the end, a sense of community is formed in community members
which creates loyalty for Sebung Bandung community volunteers to maintain the
sustainability of the Sebung Bandung community in the future sustainability of the Sebung
community in the future.
Conclusion
Application of techniques that build persuasive communication applied by Sebung
Bandung administrators in maintaining volunteer loyalty Sebung Bandung social community
is with 1) rational tactics, which is persuasion from the first impression of meeting applied
to briefing activities, by directing volunteers based on logical reasons and data in the form of
facts, 2) consultation tactics, which is persuasion by providing facilities to develop
volunteer abilities applied to sharing session activities, by developing public speaking,
listening, empathizing and changing perceptions, 3) ingratiation tactics, which is persuading
by giving appreciation applied to the entire series of Sebung activities, by giving praise,
trust, and activity certificates, 4) personal appeal tactics, which is persuading with personal
closeness applied to sharing information, by inviting the closest friends to stay in the
community, 5) exchange tactics, which is persuading with deeper personal closeness applied
to sharing activities and free events, by creating similarity, open attitude, self healing, and
the desire to stay in the community.
Fifth techniques These five techniques create a sense of community in Sebung
Bandung community members including membership, influence, integration and fulfillment
of needs, and shared emotional connection. After a sense of community is formed, Sebung
community volunteers have the desire to contribute by participating in every Sebung
Bandung activity and ultimately form the loyalty of Sebung Bandung social community
volunteers.
Rational Persuasion
Rational action according to Weber relates to conscious consideration and the choice
that the action is expressed (Johnson, 2004: 220). Rational persuasion was implemented in
the initial series of weekly Sebung activities which took place every Friday at
20.00 WIB at the Bandung City Hall Historical Park. The activity is led by the person in
charge, which is usually taken over by the founder and co-founder of Sebung Bandung.
They started the activity with a briefing, namely a brief introduction to the Sebung
community, including the beginning of its establishment, a series of activities, and the goals
of the Sebung community itself. This was followed by an introduction to each of the
volunteers present and directions in carrying out the next series of activities. All
explanations spoken by the person in charge are always accompanied by the provision of
data or facts which are the reasons for the rules or things that Sebung community volunteers
must do.
The data and facts are obtained from the experience of the person in charge of
managing social programs or activities elsewhere. The person in charge who became the
speaker in the briefing session had two important criteria, namely credibility and
attractiveness (interest, similarity, beauty). The main objective during the briefing is to
convey a requirement for Sebung Bandung volunteers in the next series of activities, to greet
and motivate the target which is carried out for 10-15 minutes. This is a form of real
implementation of how Sebung's management conduct persuasive communication to its
volunteers. Therefore, greeting and providing motivation directed by the Sebung
management to volunteers is the first step to building volunteer loyalty. The management
provides examples and persuades with things that lead to social and humanitarian meanings.
Consultation Tactics
Dala Carnegie in Great Influencer (2018: 66) says that interest in the interlocutor can
be actualized in various ways. Even with the expression that someone is interested in
personality, experience, strengths and so on. It is also shown with body language and forms
of attention. Consultation Tactics are implemented in several series of Sebung activities, one
of which is a sharing session. The management provides a means for volunteers to be able to
hone their public speaking skills. This session was held after going to the streets at the
gathering point, Taman Sejarah. This method is in the form of an activity, where volunteers
have the opportunity to share the sharing experience that has been carried out in the down
the street session. This session was led directly by the Sebung management who was in
charge of the activity.
By forming a forum to develop public speaking skills, volunteers can not only hone
their soft skills. But they have several other abilities such as:
Public Speaking
Sebung Bandung volunteers are dominated by people with introverted personalities.
With so Sebung provides a sharing session as a platform for volunteers to develop their
public speaking skills about the stories they have. The story can be one volunteer's
experience communicating with the target or other experiences they have had in similar
social activities. The seating position when they do a sharing session is sitting in a circle and
the position of the speaker who stands where he originally sat.
Listen to
Both volunteers and administrators make themselves good listeners to the people
who are talking during the sharing session. Listening attitude from the board side can build
a good relationship with volunteers. While from the volunteers' side, it will increase their
insight and knowledge about social humanitarianism. Then loyalty will be built between
volunteers and the Sebung management itself.
Empathy
Baron and Byrne in (Asih and Pratiwi, 2010) state that empathy is the ability to feel
the emotional state of others, feel sympathetic and try to solve problems by taking other
people's perspectives. By listening to the sharing session, Sebung volunteers will learn to
understand the content of the story and appreciate the differences between people speakers
and themselves. That way Sebung volunteers can hone empathy from the exchange of stories
in the sharing.
Changing Perceptions
With the sharing session, volunteers' knowledge increases and they are able to
interpret the activities they do with a wider scope.
Ingratiation Tactics
Lincoln in Great Influencer (2018:61) said in every letter that, "Everyone Loves Praise",
humans have a desire to be important. Giving appreciation is one of the strategies to
maintain volunteer loyalty. This appreciation is applied throughout the series of Sebung
Bandung activities, namely briefings to sharing sessions. Appreciation carried out by
Sebung to its volunteers is divided into several forms, namely:
Praise
Compliments are not uncommon in the Sebung community. During briefings, there
are times when they get to know each other and compliment each other. This treatment has
become commonplace because it is easy for them to give compliments. That way when they
go down the street, volunteers also apply the behavior of the management to praise the
target. Praise for volunteers is also was raised during the sharing session. When volunteers
finish sharing their experiences, the person in charge always compliments them. It doesn't
stop at routine activities, during free events that are more about inter-personal
communication or small groups, Sebung administrators still familiarize themselves with the
program Themselves to deliver compliments so that Sebung volunteers will be more
comfortable talking and being open with the administrators or other Sebung members.
Trust
In the Sebung community, trust is given by the Sebung management when they feel
that the volunteer meets the predetermined criteria. Until now, the Sebung management has
given its trust to volunteers to manage Sebung activities such as being in charge of weekly
Sebung on Fridays, then monthly activities such as social experiences at the Dago Bandung
car free day, to annual activities such as Sebung Anniversary or Sebung Qurban. Therefore,
several Sebung activities are always accompanied by volunteers as organizers.
Activity Certificate
Sebung provides physical appreciation that can symbolize the participation of
volunteers in helping Sebung Bandung's activities. In addition to increasing volunteer
excitement and loyalty, this certificate is useful for Other volunteer interests such as the
need to fulfill the activities of certified activities as a requirement to graduate students or
exchange students and other needs. That way between the board and volunteers creates a
symbiotic condition of mutualism.
Personal Appeal Tactics
Florence Littauer in Great Influencer (2018: 12) says that within humans there are
different characters or personalities, so that feelings of insecurity will arise if in establishing
a relationship with others. When someone has determined to establish a relationship with
another person, personal closeness and trust between one another arise. Therefore, they can
persuade each other.
By sharing information between volunteers and administrators, they trust each other
to continue to survive in a community. The steps taken by the management itself are to
always remind all Sebung Bandung members on the WhatsApp group platform. Weekly
Sebung announcements are distributed through the group every Wednesday night. While
other announcements are distributed according to the activities held, which is no later than
three days before the activity. Then if it is seen that there are Sebung members who have not
participated in activities for more than one month, they will be contacted privately via
whatsapp chat by the Sebung public relations division. The results obtained by volunteers
become loyal because of a sense of security. They also apply again to share information as a
form of their contribution to the sustainability of the Sebung Bandung social community in
the future.
Exchange Tactics
Amin in Great Influencer (2018:59) says that feeling what others feel is extremely
difficult, requiring contemplation, an intense emotional adventure. Therefore, a person living
in this world needs a feeling adventure into other people's territory in order to care for others
more sharply. The Sebung Bandung management applies this exchange tactics factor to the
relationship between the management and volunteers. With a free event after the sharing
session, community members will freely exchange experiences, fun, and work more
intensely. Sebung administrators deliberately instill this factor so that Sebung members can
make Sebung more than just a community but can become a second home and self healing.
Sebung Bandung administrators build an atmosphere through three main topics, namely
food, love, and problems. Food and love topics are the gateway to break the ice in a forum.
Meanwhile, the topic of problems leads Sebung members, both administrators and
volunteers, to a more intense relationship. This factor causes several things in volunteers,
namely:
Similarity
Sebung Bandung's main informants are dominated by the similarity of feelings of
compatibility that arise when each volunteer feels there is something in common in the story
that was conveyed by them. The feeling of compatibility creates new things such as a sense
of gratitude, a sense of security and a sense of empathy. The feelings of compatibility felt by
Sebung volunteers are very diverse, ranging from family, personality, romantic
relationships, work and education. They find similar problems and eventually can learn from
each other, appreciate and give input to each other.
Open Attitude
The four informants who have joined the community for more than a year said they
have been open with some Sebung members whom they trust. So that they feel safe and
comfortable when telling about pleasant or sad things. Meanwhile, one main informant said
that he had not opened up to any of the Sebung volunteers or administrators because he did
not have enough time to do so.
Self Healing
Sebung is a community that can be a place for volunteers who want to heal
themselves from the burden or problems they face. The majority of Sebung volunteers are
people who are looking for a place to escape from the problems they have. This factor is
driven by the ability of Sebung's administrators to create a comfortable atmosphere and
activity time at night which makes the activity wise and meaningful.
Desire to Stay in the Community
Volunteers will stay in the Sebung community not for the reason of doing good by
sharing as the main goal, but to meet other Sebung volunteers and administrators. Sebung
volunteers consider Sebung as a family to them. Because by joining Sebung, they feel they
have found peace in themselves.
This exchange tactics factor eventually forms a sense of community or a feeling of
belonging to the Sebung Bandung community. This feeling will result in members' desire to
maintain the existence of the community in any way. One of them is by showing their
contribution in enlivening routine community activities. Sense of community has four
elements, each of which already exists and is applied to the Sebung Bandung community.
McMillan and Chavis in (Chavis, 2008) mention the four elements, namely:
Membership
Membership is the feeling that someone has invested themselves to become a
member of a community. Membership in a community has boundaries within the
community that distinguish community members from those who are not members of the
community, as well as knowing who is in the community.
The membership that distinguishes the activities of the Sebung Bandung social
community from other social communities can be seen from the activities, namely greeting
and sharing. Then for the community members themselves, Sebung members have t-shirts
and tote bags as member identities that distinguish Sebung members and members of other
communities.
Influence
Influence is the power that individuals have to influence other members and the
power of the community to influence individuals. Efforts to influence each other between
members and the community have been displayed from the entire series of Sebung Bandung
activities from briefings, taking to the streets, sharing sessions, to free events.
Shared Emotional Connection
Relationships A shared emotional connection within a community formed from
positive interactions, shared stories and shared experiences. The more people interact, the
more likely they are to form close relationships, which then leads to stronger bonds.
Members of the Sebung Bandung community, from administrators to volunteers,
have a need to share their feelings and have an emotional bond. It is shown in sharing
activities and free events that make them open and empathize with each other. The Sebung
Bandung community can survive because its community members already have the four
elements mentioned.
The five factors, namely rational persuasion, consultation tactics, ingratiation
tactics, personal appeals tactics and exchange tactics in the implementation of persuasion
communication in maintaining the loyalty of the Sebung Bandung community, are effective
because they form a community that actively contributes by participating in all Sebung
Bandung activities. In the end, a sense of community is formed in community members
which creates loyalty for Sebung Bandung community volunteers to maintain the
sustainability of the Sebung Bandung community in the future sustainability of the Sebung
community in the future.
Conclusion
Application of techniques that build persuasive communication applied by Sebung
Bandung administrators in maintaining volunteer loyalty Sebung Bandung social community
is with 1) rational tactics, which is persuasion from the first impression of meeting applied
to briefing activities, by directing volunteers based on logical reasons and data in the form of
facts, 2) consultation tactics, which is persuasion by providing facilities to develop
volunteer abilities applied to sharing session activities, by developing public speaking,
listening, empathizing and changing perceptions, 3) ingratiation tactics, which is persuading
by giving appreciation applied to the entire series of Sebung activities, by giving praise,
trust, and activity certificates, 4) personal appeal tactics, which is persuading with personal
closeness applied to sharing information, by inviting the closest friends to stay in the
community, 5) exchange tactics, which is persuading with deeper personal closeness applied
to sharing activities and free events, by creating similarity, open attitude, self healing, and
the desire to stay in the community.
Fifth techniques These five techniques create a sense of community in Sebung
Bandung community members including membership, influence, integration and fulfillment
of needs, and shared emotional connection. After a sense of community is formed, Sebung
community volunteers have the desire to contribute by participating in every Sebung
Bandung activity and ultimately form the loyalty of Sebung Bandung social community
volunteers.
Rational Persuasion
Rational action according to Weber relates to conscious consideration and the choice
that the action is expressed (Johnson, 2004: 220). Rational persuasion was implemented in
the initial series of weekly Sebung activities which took place every Friday at
20.00 WIB at the Bandung City Hall Historical Park. The activity is led by the person in
charge, which is usually taken over by the founder and co-founder of Sebung Bandung.
They started the activity with a briefing, namely a brief introduction to the Sebung
community, including the beginning of its establishment, a series of activities, and the goals
of the Sebung community itself. This was followed by an introduction to each of the
volunteers present and directions in carrying out the next series of activities. All
explanations spoken by the person in charge are always accompanied by the provision of
data or facts which are the reasons for the rules or things that Sebung community volunteers
must do.
The data and facts are obtained from the experience of the person in charge of
managing social programs or activities elsewhere. The person in charge who became the
speaker in the briefing session had two important criteria, namely credibility and
attractiveness (interest, similarity, beauty). The main objective during the briefing is to
convey a requirement for Sebung Bandung volunteers in the next series of activities, to greet
and motivate the target which is carried out for 10-15 minutes. This is a form of real
implementation of how Sebung's management conduct persuasive communication to its
volunteers. Therefore, greeting and providing motivation directed by the Sebung
management to volunteers is the first step to building volunteer loyalty. The management
provides examples and persuades with things that lead to social and humanitarian meanings.
Consultation Tactics
Dala Carnegie in Great Influencer (2018: 66) says that interest in the interlocutor can
be actualized in various ways. Even with the expression that someone is interested in
personality, experience, strengths and so on. It is also shown with body language and forms
of attention. Consultation Tactics are implemented in several series of Sebung activities, one
of which is a sharing session. The management provides a means for volunteers to be able to
hone their public speaking skills. This session was held after going to the streets at the
gathering point, Taman Sejarah. This method is in the form of an activity, where volunteers
have the opportunity to share the sharing experience that has been carried out in the down
the street session. This session was led directly by the Sebung management who was in
charge of the activity.
By forming a forum to develop public speaking skills, volunteers can not only hone
their soft skills. But they have several other abilities such as:
Public Speaking
Sebung Bandung volunteers are dominated by people with introverted personalities.
With so Sebung provides a sharing session as a platform for volunteers to develop their
public speaking skills about the stories they have. The story can be one volunteer's
experience communicating with the target or other experiences they have had in similar
social activities. The seating position when they do a sharing session is sitting in a circle and
the position of the speaker who stands where he originally sat.
Listen to
Both volunteers and administrators make themselves good listeners to the people
who are talking during the sharing session. Listening attitude from the board side can build
a good relationship with volunteers. While from the volunteers' side, it will increase their
insight and knowledge about social humanitarianism. Then loyalty will be built between
volunteers and the Sebung management itself.
Empathy
Baron and Byrne in (Asih and Pratiwi, 2010) state that empathy is the ability to feel
the emotional state of others, feel sympathetic and try to solve problems by taking other
people's perspectives. By listening to the sharing session, Sebung volunteers will learn to
understand the content of the story and appreciate the differences between people speakers
and themselves. That way Sebung volunteers can hone empathy from the exchange of stories
in the sharing.
Changing Perceptions
With the sharing session, volunteers' knowledge increases and they are able to
interpret the activities they do with a wider scope.
Ingratiation Tactics
Lincoln in Great Influencer (2018:61) said in every letter that, "Everyone Loves Praise",
humans have a desire to be important. Giving appreciation is one of the strategies to
maintain volunteer loyalty. This appreciation is applied throughout the series of Sebung
Bandung activities, namely briefings to sharing sessions. Appreciation carried out by
Sebung to its volunteers is divided into several forms, namely:
Praise
Compliments are not uncommon in the Sebung community. During briefings, there
are times when they get to know each other and compliment each other. This treatment has
become commonplace because it is easy for them to give compliments. That way when they
go down the street, volunteers also apply the behavior of the management to praise the
target. Praise for volunteers is also was raised during the sharing session. When volunteers
finish sharing their experiences, the person in charge always compliments them. It doesn't
stop at routine activities, during free events that are more about inter-personal
communication or small groups, Sebung administrators still familiarize themselves with the
program Themselves to deliver compliments so that Sebung volunteers will be more
comfortable talking and being open with the administrators or other Sebung members.
Trust
In the Sebung community, trust is given by the Sebung management when they feel
that the volunteer meets the predetermined criteria. Until now, the Sebung management has
given its trust to volunteers to manage Sebung activities such as being in charge of weekly
Sebung on Fridays, then monthly activities such as social experiences at the Dago Bandung
car free day, to annual activities such as Sebung Anniversary or Sebung Qurban. Therefore,
several Sebung activities are always accompanied by volunteers as organizers.
Activity Certificate
Sebung provides physical appreciation that can symbolize the participation of
volunteers in helping Sebung Bandung's activities. In addition to increasing volunteer
excitement and loyalty, this certificate is useful for Other volunteer interests such as the
need to fulfill the activities of certified activities as a requirement to graduate students or
exchange students and other needs. That way between the board and volunteers creates a
symbiotic condition of mutualism.
Personal Appeal Tactics
Florence Littauer in Great Influencer (2018: 12) says that within humans there are
different characters or personalities, so that feelings of insecurity will arise if in establishing
a relationship with others. When someone has determined to establish a relationship with
another person, personal closeness and trust between one another arise. Therefore, they can
persuade each other.
By sharing information between volunteers and administrators, they trust each other
to continue to survive in a community. The steps taken by the management itself are to
always remind all Sebung Bandung members on the WhatsApp group platform. Weekly
Sebung announcements are distributed through the group every Wednesday night. While
other announcements are distributed according to the activities held, which is no later than
three days before the activity. Then if it is seen that there are Sebung members who have not
participated in activities for more than one month, they will be contacted privately via
whatsapp chat by the Sebung public relations division. The results obtained by volunteers
become loyal because of a sense of security. They also apply again to share information as a
form of their contribution to the sustainability of the Sebung Bandung social community in
the future.
Exchange Tactics
Amin in Great Influencer (2018:59) says that feeling what others feel is extremely
difficult, requiring contemplation, an intense emotional adventure. Therefore, a person living
in this world needs a feeling adventure into other people's territory in order to care for others
more sharply. The Sebung Bandung management applies this exchange tactics factor to the
relationship between the management and volunteers. With a free event after the sharing
session, community members will freely exchange experiences, fun, and work more
intensely. Sebung administrators deliberately instill this factor so that Sebung members can
make Sebung more than just a community but can become a second home and self healing.
Sebung Bandung administrators build an atmosphere through three main topics, namely
food, love, and problems. Food and love topics are the gateway to break the ice in a forum.
Meanwhile, the topic of problems leads Sebung members, both administrators and
volunteers, to a more intense relationship. This factor causes several things in volunteers,
namely:
Similarity
Sebung Bandung's main informants are dominated by the similarity of feelings of
compatibility that arise when each volunteer feels there is something in common in the story
that was conveyed by them. The feeling of compatibility creates new things such as a sense
of gratitude, a sense of security and a sense of empathy. The feelings of compatibility felt by
Sebung volunteers are very diverse, ranging from family, personality, romantic
relationships, work and education. They find similar problems and eventually can learn from
each other, appreciate and give input to each other.
Open Attitude
The four informants who have joined the community for more than a year said they
have been open with some Sebung members whom they trust. So that they feel safe and
comfortable when telling about pleasant or sad things. Meanwhile, one main informant said
that he had not opened up to any of the Sebung volunteers or administrators because he did
not have enough time to do so.
Self Healing
Sebung is a community that can be a place for volunteers who want to heal
themselves from the burden or problems they face. The majority of Sebung volunteers are
people who are looking for a place to escape from the problems they have. This factor is
driven by the ability of Sebung's administrators to create a comfortable atmosphere and
activity time at night which makes the activity wise and meaningful.
Desire to Stay in the Community
Volunteers will stay in the Sebung community not for the reason of doing good by
sharing as the main goal, but to meet other Sebung volunteers and administrators. Sebung
volunteers consider Sebung as a family to them. Because by joining Sebung, they feel they
have found peace in themselves.
This exchange tactics factor eventually forms a sense of community or a feeling of
belonging to the Sebung Bandung community. This feeling will result in members' desire to
maintain the existence of the community in any way. One of them is by showing their
contribution in enlivening routine community activities. Sense of community has four
elements, each of which already exists and is applied to the Sebung Bandung community.
McMillan and Chavis in (Chavis, 2008) mention the four elements, namely:
Membership
Membership is the feeling that someone has invested themselves to become a
member of a community. Membership in a community has boundaries within the
community that distinguish community members from those who are not members of the
community, as well as knowing who is in the community.
The membership that distinguishes the activities of the Sebung Bandung social
community from other social communities can be seen from the activities, namely greeting
and sharing. Then for the community members themselves, Sebung members have t-shirts
and tote bags as member identities that distinguish Sebung members and members of other
communities.
Influence
Influence is the power that individuals have to influence other members and the
power of the community to influence individuals. Efforts to influence each other between
members and the community have been displayed from the entire series of Sebung Bandung
activities from briefings, taking to the streets, sharing sessions, to free events.
Shared Emotional Connection
Relationships A shared emotional connection within a community formed from
positive interactions, shared stories and shared experiences. The more people interact, the
more likely they are to form close relationships, which then leads to stronger bonds.
Members of the Sebung Bandung community, from administrators to volunteers,
have a need to share their feelings and have an emotional bond. It is shown in sharing
activities and free events that make them open and empathize with each other. The Sebung
Bandung community can survive because its community members already have the four
elements mentioned.
The five factors, namely rational persuasion, consultation tactics, ingratiation
tactics, personal appeals tactics and exchange tactics in the implementation of persuasion
communication in maintaining the loyalty of the Sebung Bandung community, are effective
because they form a community that actively contributes by participating in all Sebung
Bandung activities. In the end, a sense of community is formed in community members
which creates loyalty for Sebung Bandung community volunteers to maintain the
sustainability of the Sebung Bandung community in the future sustainability of the Sebung
community in the future.
Conclusion
Application of techniques that build persuasive communication applied by Sebung
Bandung administrators in maintaining volunteer loyalty Sebung Bandung social community
is with 1) rational tactics, which is persuasion from the first impression of meeting applied
to briefing activities, by directing volunteers based on logical reasons and data in the form of
facts, 2) consultation tactics, which is persuasion by providing facilities to develop
volunteer abilities applied to sharing session activities, by developing public speaking,
listening, empathizing and changing perceptions, 3) ingratiation tactics, which is persuading
by giving appreciation applied to the entire series of Sebung activities, by giving praise,
trust, and activity certificates, 4) personal appeal tactics, which is persuading with personal
closeness applied to sharing information, by inviting the closest friends to stay in the
community, 5) exchange tactics, which is persuading with deeper personal closeness applied
to sharing activities and free events, by creating similarity, open attitude, self healing, and
the desire to stay in the community.
Fifth techniques These five techniques create a sense of community in Sebung
Bandung community members including membership, influence, integration and fulfillment
of needs, and shared emotional connection. After a sense of community is formed, Sebung
community volunteers have the desire to contribute by participating in every Sebung
Bandung activity and ultimately form the loyalty of Sebung Bandung social community
volunteers.
Rational Persuasion
Rational action according to Weber relates to conscious consideration and the choice
that the action is expressed (Johnson, 2004: 220). Rational persuasion was implemented in
the initial series of weekly Sebung activities which took place every Friday at
20.00 WIB at the Bandung City Hall Historical Park. The activity is led by the person in
charge, which is usually taken over by the founder and co-founder of Sebung Bandung.
They started the activity with a briefing, namely a brief introduction to the Sebung
community, including the beginning of its establishment, a series of activities, and the goals
of the Sebung community itself. This was followed by an introduction to each of the
volunteers present and directions in carrying out the next series of activities. All
explanations spoken by the person in charge are always accompanied by the provision of
data or facts which are the reasons for the rules or things that Sebung community volunteers
must do.
The data and facts are obtained from the experience of the person in charge of
managing social programs or activities elsewhere. The person in charge who became the
speaker in the briefing session had two important criteria, namely credibility and
attractiveness (interest, similarity, beauty). The main objective during the briefing is to
convey a requirement for Sebung Bandung volunteers in the next series of activities, to greet
and motivate the target which is carried out for 10-15 minutes. This is a form of real
implementation of how Sebung's management conduct persuasive communication to its
volunteers. Therefore, greeting and providing motivation directed by the Sebung
management to volunteers is the first step to building volunteer loyalty. The management
provides examples and persuades with things that lead to social and humanitarian meanings.
Consultation Tactics
Dala Carnegie in Great Influencer (2018: 66) says that interest in the interlocutor can
be actualized in various ways. Even with the expression that someone is interested in
personality, experience, strengths and so on. It is also shown with body language and forms
of attention. Consultation Tactics are implemented in several series of Sebung activities, one
of which is a sharing session. The management provides a means for volunteers to be able to
hone their public speaking skills. This session was held after going to the streets at the
gathering point, Taman Sejarah. This method is in the form of an activity, where volunteers
have the opportunity to share the sharing experience that has been carried out in the down
the street session. This session was led directly by the Sebung management who was in
charge of the activity.
By forming a forum to develop public speaking skills, volunteers can not only hone
their soft skills. But they have several other abilities such as:
Public Speaking
Sebung Bandung volunteers are dominated by people with introverted personalities.
With so Sebung provides a sharing session as a platform for volunteers to develop their
public speaking skills about the stories they have. The story can be one volunteer's
experience communicating with the target or other experiences they have had in similar
social activities. The seating position when they do a sharing session is sitting in a circle and
the position of the speaker who stands where he originally sat.
Listen to
Both volunteers and administrators make themselves good listeners to the people
who are talking during the sharing session. Listening attitude from the board side can build
a good relationship with volunteers. While from the volunteers' side, it will increase their
insight and knowledge about social humanitarianism. Then loyalty will be built between
volunteers and the Sebung management itself.
Empathy
Baron and Byrne in (Asih and Pratiwi, 2010) state that empathy is the ability to feel
the emotional state of others, feel sympathetic and try to solve problems by taking other
people's perspectives. By listening to the sharing session, Sebung volunteers will learn to
understand the content of the story and appreciate the differences between people speakers
and themselves. That way Sebung volunteers can hone empathy from the exchange of stories
in the sharing.
Changing Perceptions
With the sharing session, volunteers' knowledge increases and they are able to
interpret the activities they do with a wider scope.
Ingratiation Tactics
Lincoln in Great Influencer (2018:61) said in every letter that, "Everyone Loves Praise",
humans have a desire to be important. Giving appreciation is one of the strategies to
maintain volunteer loyalty. This appreciation is applied throughout the series of Sebung
Bandung activities, namely briefings to sharing sessions. Appreciation carried out by
Sebung to its volunteers is divided into several forms, namely:
Praise
Compliments are not uncommon in the Sebung community. During briefings, there
are times when they get to know each other and compliment each other. This treatment has
become commonplace because it is easy for them to give compliments. That way when they
go down the street, volunteers also apply the behavior of the management to praise the
target. Praise for volunteers is also was raised during the sharing session. When volunteers
finish sharing their experiences, the person in charge always compliments them. It doesn't
stop at routine activities, during free events that are more about inter-personal
communication or small groups, Sebung administrators still familiarize themselves with the
program Themselves to deliver compliments so that Sebung volunteers will be more
comfortable talking and being open with the administrators or other Sebung members.
Trust
In the Sebung community, trust is given by the Sebung management when they feel
that the volunteer meets the predetermined criteria. Until now, the Sebung management has
given its trust to volunteers to manage Sebung activities such as being in charge of weekly
Sebung on Fridays, then monthly activities such as social experiences at the Dago Bandung
car free day, to annual activities such as Sebung Anniversary or Sebung Qurban. Therefore,
several Sebung activities are always accompanied by volunteers as organizers.
Activity Certificate
Sebung provides physical appreciation that can symbolize the participation of
volunteers in helping Sebung Bandung's activities. In addition to increasing volunteer
excitement and loyalty, this certificate is useful for Other volunteer interests such as the
need to fulfill the activities of certified activities as a requirement to graduate students or
exchange students and other needs. That way between the board and volunteers creates a
symbiotic condition of mutualism.
Personal Appeal Tactics
Florence Littauer in Great Influencer (2018: 12) says that within humans there are
different characters or personalities, so that feelings of insecurity will arise if in establishing
a relationship with others. When someone has determined to establish a relationship with
another person, personal closeness and trust between one another arise. Therefore, they can
persuade each other.
By sharing information between volunteers and administrators, they trust each other
to continue to survive in a community. The steps taken by the management itself are to
always remind all Sebung Bandung members on the WhatsApp group platform. Weekly
Sebung announcements are distributed through the group every Wednesday night. While
other announcements are distributed according to the activities held, which is no later than
three days before the activity. Then if it is seen that there are Sebung members who have not
participated in activities for more than one month, they will be contacted privately via
whatsapp chat by the Sebung public relations division. The results obtained by volunteers
become loyal because of a sense of security. They also apply again to share information as a
form of their contribution to the sustainability of the Sebung Bandung social community in
the future.
Exchange Tactics
Amin in Great Influencer (2018:59) says that feeling what others feel is extremely
difficult, requiring contemplation, an intense emotional adventure. Therefore, a person living
in this world needs a feeling adventure into other people's territory in order to care for others
more sharply. The Sebung Bandung management applies this exchange tactics factor to the
relationship between the management and volunteers. With a free event after the sharing
session, community members will freely exchange experiences, fun, and work more
intensely. Sebung administrators deliberately instill this factor so that Sebung members can
make Sebung more than just a community but can become a second home and self healing.
Sebung Bandung administrators build an atmosphere through three main topics, namely
food, love, and problems. Food and love topics are the gateway to break the ice in a forum.
Meanwhile, the topic of problems leads Sebung members, both administrators and
volunteers, to a more intense relationship. This factor causes several things in volunteers,
namely:
Similarity
Sebung Bandung's main informants are dominated by the similarity of feelings of
compatibility that arise when each volunteer feels there is something in common in the story
that was conveyed by them. The feeling of compatibility creates new things such as a sense
of gratitude, a sense of security and a sense of empathy. The feelings of compatibility felt by
Sebung volunteers are very diverse, ranging from family, personality, romantic
relationships, work and education. They find similar problems and eventually can learn from
each other, appreciate and give input to each other.
Open Attitude
The four informants who have joined the community for more than a year said they
have been open with some Sebung members whom they trust. So that they feel safe and
comfortable when telling about pleasant or sad things. Meanwhile, one main informant said
that he had not opened up to any of the Sebung volunteers or administrators because he did
not have enough time to do so.
Self Healing
Sebung is a community that can be a place for volunteers who want to heal
themselves from the burden or problems they face. The majority of Sebung volunteers are
people who are looking for a place to escape from the problems they have. This factor is
driven by the ability of Sebung's administrators to create a comfortable atmosphere and
activity time at night which makes the activity wise and meaningful.
Desire to Stay in the Community
Volunteers will stay in the Sebung community not for the reason of doing good by
sharing as the main goal, but to meet other Sebung volunteers and administrators. Sebung
volunteers consider Sebung as a family to them. Because by joining Sebung, they feel they
have found peace in themselves.
This exchange tactics factor eventually forms a sense of community or a feeling of
belonging to the Sebung Bandung community. This feeling will result in members' desire to
maintain the existence of the community in any way. One of them is by showing their
contribution in enlivening routine community activities. Sense of community has four
elements, each of which already exists and is applied to the Sebung Bandung community.
McMillan and Chavis in (Chavis, 2008) mention the four elements, namely:
Membership
Membership is the feeling that someone has invested themselves to become a
member of a community. Membership in a community has boundaries within the
community that distinguish community members from those who are not members of the
community, as well as knowing who is in the community.
The membership that distinguishes the activities of the Sebung Bandung social
community from other social communities can be seen from the activities, namely greeting
and sharing. Then for the community members themselves, Sebung members have t-shirts
and tote bags as member identities that distinguish Sebung members and members of other
communities.
Influence
Influence is the power that individuals have to influence other members and the
power of the community to influence individuals. Efforts to influence each other between
members and the community have been displayed from the entire series of Sebung Bandung
activities from briefings, taking to the streets, sharing sessions, to free events.
Shared Emotional Connection
Relationships A shared emotional connection within a community formed from
positive interactions, shared stories and shared experiences. The more people interact, the
more likely they are to form close relationships, which then leads to stronger bonds.
Members of the Sebung Bandung community, from administrators to volunteers,
have a need to share their feelings and have an emotional bond. It is shown in sharing
activities and free events that make them open and empathize with each other. The Sebung
Bandung community can survive because its community members already have the four
elements mentioned.
The five factors, namely rational persuasion, consultation tactics, ingratiation
tactics, personal appeals tactics and exchange tactics in the implementation of persuasion
communication in maintaining the loyalty of the Sebung Bandung community, are effective
because they form a community that actively contributes by participating in all Sebung
Bandung activities. In the end, a sense of community is formed in community members
which creates loyalty for Sebung Bandung community volunteers to maintain the
sustainability of the Sebung Bandung community in the future sustainability of the Sebung
community in the future.
Conclusion
Application of techniques that build persuasive communication applied by Sebung
Bandung administrators in maintaining volunteer loyalty Sebung Bandung social community
is with 1) rational tactics, which is persuasion from the first impression of meeting applied
to briefing activities, by directing volunteers based on logical reasons and data in the form of
facts, 2) consultation tactics, which is persuasion by providing facilities to develop
volunteer abilities applied to sharing session activities, by developing public speaking,
listening, empathizing and changing perceptions, 3) ingratiation tactics, which is persuading
by giving appreciation applied to the entire series of Sebung activities, by giving praise,
trust, and activity certificates, 4) personal appeal tactics, which is persuading with personal
closeness applied to sharing information, by inviting the closest friends to stay in the
community, 5) exchange tactics, which is persuading with deeper personal closeness applied
to sharing activities and free events, by creating similarity, open attitude, self healing, and
the desire to stay in the community.
Fifth techniques These five techniques create a sense of community in Sebung
Bandung community members including membership, influence, integration and fulfillment
of needs, and shared emotional connection. After a sense of community is formed, Sebung
community volunteers have the desire to contribute by participating in every Sebung
Bandung activity and ultimately form the loyalty of Sebung Bandung social community
volunteers.
Rational Persuasion
Rational action according to Weber relates to conscious consideration and the choice
that the action is expressed (Johnson, 2004: 220). Rational persuasion was implemented in
the initial series of weekly Sebung activities which took place every Friday at
20.00 WIB at the Bandung City Hall Historical Park. The activity is led by the person in
charge, which is usually taken over by the founder and co-founder of Sebung Bandung.
They started the activity with a briefing, namely a brief introduction to the Sebung
community, including the beginning of its establishment, a series of activities, and the goals
of the Sebung community itself. This was followed by an introduction to each of the
volunteers present and directions in carrying out the next series of activities. All
explanations spoken by the person in charge are always accompanied by the provision of
data or facts which are the reasons for the rules or things that Sebung community volunteers
must do.
The data and facts are obtained from the experience of the person in charge of
managing social programs or activities elsewhere. The person in charge who became the
speaker in the briefing session had two important criteria, namely credibility and
attractiveness (interest, similarity, beauty). The main objective during the briefing is to
convey a requirement for Sebung Bandung volunteers in the next series of activities, to greet
and motivate the target which is carried out for 10-15 minutes. This is a form of real
implementation of how Sebung's management conduct persuasive communication to its
volunteers. Therefore, greeting and providing motivation directed by the Sebung
management to volunteers is the first step to building volunteer loyalty. The management
provides examples and persuades with things that lead to social and humanitarian meanings.
Consultation Tactics
Dala Carnegie in Great Influencer (2018: 66) says that interest in the interlocutor can
be actualized in various ways. Even with the expression that someone is interested in
personality, experience, strengths and so on. It is also shown with body language and forms
of attention. Consultation Tactics are implemented in several series of Sebung activities, one
of which is a sharing session. The management provides a means for volunteers to be able to
hone their public speaking skills. This session was held after going to the streets at the
gathering point, Taman Sejarah. This method is in the form of an activity, where volunteers
have the opportunity to share the sharing experience that has been carried out in the down
the street session. This session was led directly by the Sebung management who was in
charge of the activity.
By forming a forum to develop public speaking skills, volunteers can not only hone
their soft skills. But they have several other abilities such as:
Public Speaking
Sebung Bandung volunteers are dominated by people with introverted personalities.
With so Sebung provides a sharing session as a platform for volunteers to develop their
public speaking skills about the stories they have. The story can be one volunteer's
experience communicating with the target or other experiences they have had in similar
social activities. The seating position when they do a sharing session is sitting in a circle and
the position of the speaker who stands where he originally sat.
Listen to
Both volunteers and administrators make themselves good listeners to the people
who are talking during the sharing session. Listening attitude from the board side can build
a good relationship with volunteers. While from the volunteers' side, it will increase their
insight and knowledge about social humanitarianism. Then loyalty will be built between
volunteers and the Sebung management itself.
Empathy
Baron and Byrne in (Asih and Pratiwi, 2010) state that empathy is the ability to feel
the emotional state of others, feel sympathetic and try to solve problems by taking other
people's perspectives. By listening to the sharing session, Sebung volunteers will learn to
understand the content of the story and appreciate the differences between people speakers
and themselves. That way Sebung volunteers can hone empathy from the exchange of stories
in the sharing.
Changing Perceptions
With the sharing session, volunteers' knowledge increases and they are able to
interpret the activities they do with a wider scope.
Ingratiation Tactics
Lincoln in Great Influencer (2018:61) said in every letter that, "Everyone Loves Praise",
humans have a desire to be important. Giving appreciation is one of the strategies to
maintain volunteer loyalty. This appreciation is applied throughout the series of Sebung
Bandung activities, namely briefings to sharing sessions. Appreciation carried out by
Sebung to its volunteers is divided into several forms, namely:
Praise
Compliments are not uncommon in the Sebung community. During briefings, there
are times when they get to know each other and compliment each other. This treatment has
become commonplace because it is easy for them to give compliments. That way when they
go down the street, volunteers also apply the behavior of the management to praise the
target. Praise for volunteers is also was raised during the sharing session. When volunteers
finish sharing their experiences, the person in charge always compliments them. It doesn't
stop at routine activities, during free events that are more about inter-personal
communication or small groups, Sebung administrators still familiarize themselves with the
program Themselves to deliver compliments so that Sebung volunteers will be more
comfortable talking and being open with the administrators or other Sebung members.
Trust
In the Sebung community, trust is given by the Sebung management when they feel
that the volunteer meets the predetermined criteria. Until now, the Sebung management has
given its trust to volunteers to manage Sebung activities such as being in charge of weekly
Sebung on Fridays, then monthly activities such as social experiences at the Dago Bandung
car free day, to annual activities such as Sebung Anniversary or Sebung Qurban. Therefore,
several Sebung activities are always accompanied by volunteers as organizers.
Activity Certificate
Sebung provides physical appreciation that can symbolize the participation of
volunteers in helping Sebung Bandung's activities. In addition to increasing volunteer
excitement and loyalty, this certificate is useful for Other volunteer interests such as the
need to fulfill the activities of certified activities as a requirement to graduate students or
exchange students and other needs. That way between the board and volunteers creates a
symbiotic condition of mutualism.
Personal Appeal Tactics
Florence Littauer in Great Influencer (2018: 12) says that within humans there are
different characters or personalities, so that feelings of insecurity will arise if in establishing
a relationship with others. When someone has determined to establish a relationship with
another person, personal closeness and trust between one another arise. Therefore, they can
persuade each other.
By sharing information between volunteers and administrators, they trust each other
to continue to survive in a community. The steps taken by the management itself are to
always remind all Sebung Bandung members on the WhatsApp group platform. Weekly
Sebung announcements are distributed through the group every Wednesday night. While
other announcements are distributed according to the activities held, which is no later than
three days before the activity. Then if it is seen that there are Sebung members who have not
participated in activities for more than one month, they will be contacted privately via
whatsapp chat by the Sebung public relations division. The results obtained by volunteers
become loyal because of a sense of security. They also apply again to share information as a
form of their contribution to the sustainability of the Sebung Bandung social community in
the future.
Exchange Tactics
Amin in Great Influencer (2018:59) says that feeling what others feel is extremely
difficult, requiring contemplation, an intense emotional adventure. Therefore, a person living
in this world needs a feeling adventure into other people's territory in order to care for others
more sharply. The Sebung Bandung management applies this exchange tactics factor to the
relationship between the management and volunteers. With a free event after the sharing
session, community members will freely exchange experiences, fun, and work more
intensely. Sebung administrators deliberately instill this factor so that Sebung members can
make Sebung more than just a community but can become a second home and self healing.
Sebung Bandung administrators build an atmosphere through three main topics, namely
food, love, and problems. Food and love topics are the gateway to break the ice in a forum.
Meanwhile, the topic of problems leads Sebung members, both administrators and
volunteers, to a more intense relationship. This factor causes several things in volunteers,
namely:
Similarity
Sebung Bandung's main informants are dominated by the similarity of feelings of
compatibility that arise when each volunteer feels there is something in common in the story
that was conveyed by them. The feeling of compatibility creates new things such as a sense
of gratitude, a sense of security and a sense of empathy. The feelings of compatibility felt by
Sebung volunteers are very diverse, ranging from family, personality, romantic
relationships, work and education. They find similar problems and eventually can learn from
each other, appreciate and give input to each other.
Open Attitude
The four informants who have joined the community for more than a year said they
have been open with some Sebung members whom they trust. So that they feel safe and
comfortable when telling about pleasant or sad things. Meanwhile, one main informant said
that he had not opened up to any of the Sebung volunteers or administrators because he did
not have enough time to do so.
Self Healing
Sebung is a community that can be a place for volunteers who want to heal
themselves from the burden or problems they face. The majority of Sebung volunteers are
people who are looking for a place to escape from the problems they have. This factor is
driven by the ability of Sebung's administrators to create a comfortable atmosphere and
activity time at night which makes the activity wise and meaningful.
Desire to Stay in the Community
Volunteers will stay in the Sebung community not for the reason of doing good by
sharing as the main goal, but to meet other Sebung volunteers and administrators. Sebung
volunteers consider Sebung as a family to them. Because by joining Sebung, they feel they
have found peace in themselves.
This exchange tactics factor eventually forms a sense of community or a feeling of
belonging to the Sebung Bandung community. This feeling will result in members' desire to
maintain the existence of the community in any way. One of them is by showing their
contribution in enlivening routine community activities. Sense of community has four
elements, each of which already exists and is applied to the Sebung Bandung community.
McMillan and Chavis in (Chavis, 2008) mention the four elements, namely:
Membership
Membership is the feeling that someone has invested themselves to become a
member of a community. Membership in a community has boundaries within the
community that distinguish community members from those who are not members of the
community, as well as knowing who is in the community.
The membership that distinguishes the activities of the Sebung Bandung social
community from other social communities can be seen from the activities, namely greeting
and sharing. Then for the community members themselves, Sebung members have t-shirts
and tote bags as member identities that distinguish Sebung members and members of other
communities.
Influence
Influence is the power that individuals have to influence other members and the
power of the community to influence individuals. Efforts to influence each other between
members and the community have been displayed from the entire series of Sebung Bandung
activities from briefings, taking to the streets, sharing sessions, to free events.
Shared Emotional Connection
Relationships A shared emotional connection within a community formed from
positive interactions, shared stories and shared experiences. The more people interact, the
more likely they are to form close relationships, which then leads to stronger bonds.
Members of the Sebung Bandung community, from administrators to volunteers,
have a need to share their feelings and have an emotional bond. It is shown in sharing
activities and free events that make them open and empathize with each other. The Sebung
Bandung community can survive because its community members already have the four
elements mentioned.
The five factors, namely rational persuasion, consultation tactics, ingratiation
tactics, personal appeals tactics and exchange tactics in the implementation of persuasion
communication in maintaining the loyalty of the Sebung Bandung community, are effective
because they form a community that actively contributes by participating in all Sebung
Bandung activities. In the end, a sense of community is formed in community members
which creates loyalty for Sebung Bandung community volunteers to maintain the
sustainability of the Sebung Bandung community in the future sustainability of the Sebung
community in the future.
Conclusion
Application of techniques that build persuasive communication applied by Sebung
Bandung administrators in maintaining volunteer loyalty Sebung Bandung social community
is with 1) rational tactics, which is persuasion from the first impression of meeting applied
to briefing activities, by directing volunteers based on logical reasons and data in the form of
facts, 2) consultation tactics, which is persuasion by providing facilities to develop
volunteer abilities applied to sharing session activities, by developing public speaking,
listening, empathizing and changing perceptions, 3) ingratiation tactics, which is persuading
by giving appreciation applied to the entire series of Sebung activities, by giving praise,
trust, and activity certificates, 4) personal appeal tactics, which is persuading with personal
closeness applied to sharing information, by inviting the closest friends to stay in the
community, 5) exchange tactics, which is persuading with deeper personal closeness applied
to sharing activities and free events, by creating similarity, open attitude, self healing, and
the desire to stay in the community.
Fifth techniques These five techniques create a sense of community in Sebung
Bandung community members including membership, influence, integration and fulfillment
of needs, and shared emotional connection. After a sense of community is formed, Sebung
community volunteers have the desire to contribute by participating in every Sebung
Bandung activity and ultimately form the loyalty of Sebung Bandung social community
volunteers.
Rational Persuasion
Rational action according to Weber relates to conscious consideration and the choice
that the action is expressed (Johnson, 2004: 220). Rational persuasion was implemented in
the initial series of weekly Sebung activities which took place every Friday at
20.00 WIB at the Bandung City Hall Historical Park. The activity is led by the person in
charge, which is usually taken over by the founder and co-founder of Sebung Bandung.
They started the activity with a briefing, namely a brief introduction to the Sebung
community, including the beginning of its establishment, a series of activities, and the goals
of the Sebung community itself. This was followed by an introduction to each of the
volunteers present and directions in carrying out the next series of activities. All
explanations spoken by the person in charge are always accompanied by the provision of
data or facts which are the reasons for the rules or things that Sebung community volunteers
must do.
The data and facts are obtained from the experience of the person in charge of
managing social programs or activities elsewhere. The person in charge who became the
speaker in the briefing session had two important criteria, namely credibility and
attractiveness (interest, similarity, beauty). The main objective during the briefing is to
convey a requirement for Sebung Bandung volunteers in the next series of activities, to greet
and motivate the target which is carried out for 10-15 minutes. This is a form of real
implementation of how Sebung's management conduct persuasive communication to its
volunteers. Therefore, greeting and providing motivation directed by the Sebung
management to volunteers is the first step to building volunteer loyalty. The management
provides examples and persuades with things that lead to social and humanitarian meanings.
Consultation Tactics
Dala Carnegie in Great Influencer (2018: 66) says that interest in the interlocutor can
be actualized in various ways. Even with the expression that someone is interested in
personality, experience, strengths and so on. It is also shown with body language and forms
of attention. Consultation Tactics are implemented in several series of Sebung activities, one
of which is a sharing session. The management provides a means for volunteers to be able to
hone their public speaking skills. This session was held after going to the streets at the
gathering point, Taman Sejarah. This method is in the form of an activity, where volunteers
have the opportunity to share the sharing experience that has been carried out in the down
the street session. This session was led directly by the Sebung management who was in
charge of the activity.
By forming a forum to develop public speaking skills, volunteers can not only hone
their soft skills. But they have several other abilities such as:
Public Speaking
Sebung Bandung volunteers are dominated by people with introverted personalities.
With so Sebung provides a sharing session as a platform for volunteers to develop their
public speaking skills about the stories they have. The story can be one volunteer's
experience communicating with the target or other experiences they have had in similar
social activities. The seating position when they do a sharing session is sitting in a circle and
the position of the speaker who stands where he originally sat.
Listen to
Both volunteers and administrators make themselves good listeners to the people
who are talking during the sharing session. Listening attitude from the board side can build
a good relationship with volunteers. While from the volunteers' side, it will increase their
insight and knowledge about social humanitarianism. Then loyalty will be built between
volunteers and the Sebung management itself.
Empathy
Baron and Byrne in (Asih and Pratiwi, 2010) state that empathy is the ability to feel
the emotional state of others, feel sympathetic and try to solve problems by taking other
people's perspectives. By listening to the sharing session, Sebung volunteers will learn to
understand the content of the story and appreciate the differences between people speakers
and themselves. That way Sebung volunteers can hone empathy from the exchange of stories
in the sharing.
Changing Perceptions
With the sharing session, volunteers' knowledge increases and they are able to
interpret the activities they do with a wider scope.
Ingratiation Tactics
Lincoln in Great Influencer (2018:61) said in every letter that, "Everyone Loves Praise",
humans have a desire to be important. Giving appreciation is one of the strategies to
maintain volunteer loyalty. This appreciation is applied throughout the series of Sebung
Bandung activities, namely briefings to sharing sessions. Appreciation carried out by
Sebung to its volunteers is divided into several forms, namely:
Praise
Compliments are not uncommon in the Sebung community. During briefings, there
are times when they get to know each other and compliment each other. This treatment has
become commonplace because it is easy for them to give compliments. That way when they
go down the street, volunteers also apply the behavior of the management to praise the
target. Praise for volunteers is also was raised during the sharing session. When volunteers
finish sharing their experiences, the person in charge always compliments them. It doesn't
stop at routine activities, during free events that are more about inter-personal
communication or small groups, Sebung administrators still familiarize themselves with the
program Themselves to deliver compliments so that Sebung volunteers will be more
comfortable talking and being open with the administrators or other Sebung members.
Trust
In the Sebung community, trust is given by the Sebung management when they feel
that the volunteer meets the predetermined criteria. Until now, the Sebung management has
given its trust to volunteers to manage Sebung activities such as being in charge of weekly
Sebung on Fridays, then monthly activities such as social experiences at the Dago Bandung
car free day, to annual activities such as Sebung Anniversary or Sebung Qurban. Therefore,
several Sebung activities are always accompanied by volunteers as organizers.
Activity Certificate
Sebung provides physical appreciation that can symbolize the participation of
volunteers in helping Sebung Bandung's activities. In addition to increasing volunteer
excitement and loyalty, this certificate is useful for Other volunteer interests such as the
need to fulfill the activities of certified activities as a requirement to graduate students or
exchange students and other needs. That way between the board and volunteers creates a
symbiotic condition of mutualism.
Personal Appeal Tactics
Florence Littauer in Great Influencer (2018: 12) says that within humans there are
different characters or personalities, so that feelings of insecurity will arise if in establishing
a relationship with others. When someone has determined to establish a relationship with
another person, personal closeness and trust between one another arise. Therefore, they can
persuade each other.
By sharing information between volunteers and administrators, they trust each other
to continue to survive in a community. The steps taken by the management itself are to
always remind all Sebung Bandung members on the WhatsApp group platform. Weekly
Sebung announcements are distributed through the group every Wednesday night. While
other announcements are distributed according to the activities held, which is no later than
three days before the activity. Then if it is seen that there are Sebung members who have not
participated in activities for more than one month, they will be contacted privately via
whatsapp chat by the Sebung public relations division. The results obtained by volunteers
become loyal because of a sense of security. They also apply again to share information as a
form of their contribution to the sustainability of the Sebung Bandung social community in
the future.
Exchange Tactics
Amin in Great Influencer (2018:59) says that feeling what others feel is extremely
difficult, requiring contemplation, an intense emotional adventure. Therefore, a person living
in this world needs a feeling adventure into other people's territory in order to care for others
more sharply. The Sebung Bandung management applies this exchange tactics factor to the
relationship between the management and volunteers. With a free event after the sharing
session, community members will freely exchange experiences, fun, and work more
intensely. Sebung administrators deliberately instill this factor so that Sebung members can
make Sebung more than just a community but can become a second home and self healing.
Sebung Bandung administrators build an atmosphere through three main topics, namely
food, love, and problems. Food and love topics are the gateway to break the ice in a forum.
Meanwhile, the topic of problems leads Sebung members, both administrators and
volunteers, to a more intense relationship. This factor causes several things in volunteers,
namely:
Similarity
Sebung Bandung's main informants are dominated by the similarity of feelings of
compatibility that arise when each volunteer feels there is something in common in the story
that was conveyed by them. The feeling of compatibility creates new things such as a sense
of gratitude, a sense of security and a sense of empathy. The feelings of compatibility felt by
Sebung volunteers are very diverse, ranging from family, personality, romantic
relationships, work and education. They find similar problems and eventually can learn from
each other, appreciate and give input to each other.
Open Attitude
The four informants who have joined the community for more than a year said they
have been open with some Sebung members whom they trust. So that they feel safe and
comfortable when telling about pleasant or sad things. Meanwhile, one main informant said
that he had not opened up to any of the Sebung volunteers or administrators because he did
not have enough time to do so.
Self Healing
Sebung is a community that can be a place for volunteers who want to heal
themselves from the burden or problems they face. The majority of Sebung volunteers are
people who are looking for a place to escape from the problems they have. This factor is
driven by the ability of Sebung's administrators to create a comfortable atmosphere and
activity time at night which makes the activity wise and meaningful.
Desire to Stay in the Community
Volunteers will stay in the Sebung community not for the reason of doing good by
sharing as the main goal, but to meet other Sebung volunteers and administrators. Sebung
volunteers consider Sebung as a family to them. Because by joining Sebung, they feel they
have found peace in themselves.
This exchange tactics factor eventually forms a sense of community or a feeling of
belonging to the Sebung Bandung community. This feeling will result in members' desire to
maintain the existence of the community in any way. One of them is by showing their
contribution in enlivening routine community activities. Sense of community has four
elements, each of which already exists and is applied to the Sebung Bandung community.
McMillan and Chavis in (Chavis, 2008) mention the four elements, namely:
Membership
Membership is the feeling that someone has invested themselves to become a
member of a community. Membership in a community has boundaries within the
community that distinguish community members from those who are not members of the
community, as well as knowing who is in the community.
The membership that distinguishes the activities of the Sebung Bandung social
community from other social communities can be seen from the activities, namely greeting
and sharing. Then for the community members themselves, Sebung members have t-shirts
and tote bags as member identities that distinguish Sebung members and members of other
communities.
Influence
Influence is the power that individuals have to influence other members and the
power of the community to influence individuals. Efforts to influence each other between
members and the community have been displayed from the entire series of Sebung Bandung
activities from briefings, taking to the streets, sharing sessions, to free events.
Shared Emotional Connection
Relationships A shared emotional connection within a community formed from
positive interactions, shared stories and shared experiences. The more people interact, the
more likely they are to form close relationships, which then leads to stronger bonds.
Members of the Sebung Bandung community, from administrators to volunteers,
have a need to share their feelings and have an emotional bond. It is shown in sharing
activities and free events that make them open and empathize with each other. The Sebung
Bandung community can survive because its community members already have the four
elements mentioned.
The five factors, namely rational persuasion, consultation tactics, ingratiation
tactics, personal appeals tactics and exchange tactics in the implementation of persuasion
communication in maintaining the loyalty of the Sebung Bandung community, are effective
because they form a community that actively contributes by participating in all Sebung
Bandung activities. In the end, a sense of community is formed in community members
which creates loyalty for Sebung Bandung community volunteers to maintain the
sustainability of the Sebung Bandung community in the future sustainability of the Sebung
community in the future.
Conclusion
Application of techniques that build persuasive communication applied by Sebung
Bandung administrators in maintaining volunteer loyalty Sebung Bandung social community
is with 1) rational tactics, which is persuasion from the first impression of meeting applied
to briefing activities, by directing volunteers based on logical reasons and data in the form of
facts, 2) consultation tactics, which is persuasion by providing facilities to develop
volunteer abilities applied to sharing session activities, by developing public speaking,
listening, empathizing and changing perceptions, 3) ingratiation tactics, which is persuading
by giving appreciation applied to the entire series of Sebung activities, by giving praise,
trust, and activity certificates, 4) personal appeal tactics, which is persuading with personal
closeness applied to sharing information, by inviting the closest friends to stay in the
community, 5) exchange tactics, which is persuading with deeper personal closeness applied
to sharing activities and free events, by creating similarity, open attitude, self healing, and
the desire to stay in the community.
Fifth techniques These five techniques create a sense of community in Sebung
Bandung community members including membership, influence, integration and fulfillment
of needs, and shared emotional connection. After a sense of community is formed, Sebung
community volunteers have the desire to contribute by participating in every Sebung
Bandung activity and ultimately form the loyalty of Sebung Bandung social community
volunteers.
Rational Persuasion
Rational action according to Weber relates to conscious consideration and the choice
that the action is expressed (Johnson, 2004: 220). Rational persuasion was implemented in
the initial series of weekly Sebung activities which took place every Friday at
20.00 WIB at the Bandung City Hall Historical Park. The activity is led by the person in
charge, which is usually taken over by the founder and co-founder of Sebung Bandung.
They started the activity with a briefing, namely a brief introduction to the Sebung
community, including the beginning of its establishment, a series of activities, and the goals
of the Sebung community itself. This was followed by an introduction to each of the
volunteers present and directions in carrying out the next series of activities. All
explanations spoken by the person in charge are always accompanied by the provision of
data or facts which are the reasons for the rules or things that Sebung community volunteers
must do.
The data and facts are obtained from the experience of the person in charge of
managing social programs or activities elsewhere. The person in charge who became the
speaker in the briefing session had two important criteria, namely credibility and
attractiveness (interest, similarity, beauty). The main objective during the briefing is to
convey a requirement for Sebung Bandung volunteers in the next series of activities, to greet
and motivate the target which is carried out for 10-15 minutes. This is a form of real
implementation of how Sebung's management conduct persuasive communication to its
volunteers. Therefore, greeting and providing motivation directed by the Sebung
management to volunteers is the first step to building volunteer loyalty. The management
provides examples and persuades with things that lead to social and humanitarian meanings.
Consultation Tactics
Dala Carnegie in Great Influencer (2018: 66) says that interest in the interlocutor can
be actualized in various ways. Even with the expression that someone is interested in
personality, experience, strengths and so on. It is also shown with body language and forms
of attention. Consultation Tactics are implemented in several series of Sebung activities, one
of which is a sharing session. The management provides a means for volunteers to be able to
hone their public speaking skills. This session was held after going to the streets at the
gathering point, Taman Sejarah. This method is in the form of an activity, where volunteers
have the opportunity to share the sharing experience that has been carried out in the down
the street session. This session was led directly by the Sebung management who was in
charge of the activity.
By forming a forum to develop public speaking skills, volunteers can not only hone
their soft skills. But they have several other abilities such as:
Public Speaking
Sebung Bandung volunteers are dominated by people with introverted personalities.
With so Sebung provides a sharing session as a platform for volunteers to develop their
public speaking skills about the stories they have. The story can be one volunteer's
experience communicating with the target or other experiences they have had in similar
social activities. The seating position when they do a sharing session is sitting in a circle and
the position of the speaker who stands where he originally sat.
Listen to
Both volunteers and administrators make themselves good listeners to the people
who are talking during the sharing session. Listening attitude from the board side can build
a good relationship with volunteers. While from the volunteers' side, it will increase their
insight and knowledge about social humanitarianism. Then loyalty will be built between
volunteers and the Sebung management itself.
Empathy
Baron and Byrne in (Asih and Pratiwi, 2010) state that empathy is the ability to feel
the emotional state of others, feel sympathetic and try to solve problems by taking other
people's perspectives. By listening to the sharing session, Sebung volunteers will learn to
understand the content of the story and appreciate the differences between people speakers
and themselves. That way Sebung volunteers can hone empathy from the exchange of stories
in the sharing.
Changing Perceptions
With the sharing session, volunteers' knowledge increases and they are able to
interpret the activities they do with a wider scope.
Ingratiation Tactics
Lincoln in Great Influencer (2018:61) said in every letter that, "Everyone Loves Praise",
humans have a desire to be important. Giving appreciation is one of the strategies to
maintain volunteer loyalty. This appreciation is applied throughout the series of Sebung
Bandung activities, namely briefings to sharing sessions. Appreciation carried out by
Sebung to its volunteers is divided into several forms, namely:
Praise
Compliments are not uncommon in the Sebung community. During briefings, there
are times when they get to know each other and compliment each other. This treatment has
become commonplace because it is easy for them to give compliments. That way when they
go down the street, volunteers also apply the behavior of the management to praise the
target. Praise for volunteers is also was raised during the sharing session. When volunteers
finish sharing their experiences, the person in charge always compliments them. It doesn't
stop at routine activities, during free events that are more about inter-personal
communication or small groups, Sebung administrators still familiarize themselves with the
program Themselves to deliver compliments so that Sebung volunteers will be more
comfortable talking and being open with the administrators or other Sebung members.
Trust
In the Sebung community, trust is given by the Sebung management when they feel
that the volunteer meets the predetermined criteria. Until now, the Sebung management has
given its trust to volunteers to manage Sebung activities such as being in charge of weekly
Sebung on Fridays, then monthly activities such as social experiences at the Dago Bandung
car free day, to annual activities such as Sebung Anniversary or Sebung Qurban. Therefore,
several Sebung activities are always accompanied by volunteers as organizers.
Activity Certificate
Sebung provides physical appreciation that can symbolize the participation of
volunteers in helping Sebung Bandung's activities. In addition to increasing volunteer
excitement and loyalty, this certificate is useful for Other volunteer interests such as the
need to fulfill the activities of certified activities as a requirement to graduate students or
exchange students and other needs. That way between the board and volunteers creates a
symbiotic condition of mutualism.
Personal Appeal Tactics
Florence Littauer in Great Influencer (2018: 12) says that within humans there are
different characters or personalities, so that feelings of insecurity will arise if in establishing
a relationship with others. When someone has determined to establish a relationship with
another person, personal closeness and trust between one another arise. Therefore, they can
persuade each other.
By sharing information between volunteers and administrators, they trust each other
to continue to survive in a community. The steps taken by the management itself are to
always remind all Sebung Bandung members on the WhatsApp group platform. Weekly
Sebung announcements are distributed through the group every Wednesday night. While
other announcements are distributed according to the activities held, which is no later than
three days before the activity. Then if it is seen that there are Sebung members who have not
participated in activities for more than one month, they will be contacted privately via
whatsapp chat by the Sebung public relations division. The results obtained by volunteers
become loyal because of a sense of security. They also apply again to share information as a
form of their contribution to the sustainability of the Sebung Bandung social community in
the future.
Exchange Tactics
Amin in Great Influencer (2018:59) says that feeling what others feel is extremely
difficult, requiring contemplation, an intense emotional adventure. Therefore, a person living
in this world needs a feeling adventure into other people's territory in order to care for others
more sharply. The Sebung Bandung management applies this exchange tactics factor to the
relationship between the management and volunteers. With a free event after the sharing
session, community members will freely exchange experiences, fun, and work more
intensely. Sebung administrators deliberately instill this factor so that Sebung members can
make Sebung more than just a community but can become a second home and self healing.
Sebung Bandung administrators build an atmosphere through three main topics, namely
food, love, and problems. Food and love topics are the gateway to break the ice in a forum.
Meanwhile, the topic of problems leads Sebung members, both administrators and
volunteers, to a more intense relationship. This factor causes several things in volunteers,
namely:
Similarity
Sebung Bandung's main informants are dominated by the similarity of feelings of
compatibility that arise when each volunteer feels there is something in common in the story
that was conveyed by them. The feeling of compatibility creates new things such as a sense
of gratitude, a sense of security and a sense of empathy. The feelings of compatibility felt by
Sebung volunteers are very diverse, ranging from family, personality, romantic
relationships, work and education. They find similar problems and eventually can learn from
each other, appreciate and give input to each other.
Open Attitude
The four informants who have joined the community for more than a year said they
have been open with some Sebung members whom they trust. So that they feel safe and
comfortable when telling about pleasant or sad things. Meanwhile, one main informant said
that he had not opened up to any of the Sebung volunteers or administrators because he did
not have enough time to do so.
Self Healing
Sebung is a community that can be a place for volunteers who want to heal
themselves from the burden or problems they face. The majority of Sebung volunteers are
people who are looking for a place to escape from the problems they have. This factor is
driven by the ability of Sebung's administrators to create a comfortable atmosphere and
activity time at night which makes the activity wise and meaningful.
Desire to Stay in the Community
Volunteers will stay in the Sebung community not for the reason of doing good by
sharing as the main goal, but to meet other Sebung volunteers and administrators. Sebung
volunteers consider Sebung as a family to them. Because by joining Sebung, they feel they
have found peace in themselves.
This exchange tactics factor eventually forms a sense of community or a feeling of
belonging to the Sebung Bandung community. This feeling will result in members' desire to
maintain the existence of the community in any way. One of them is by showing their
contribution in enlivening routine community activities. Sense of community has four
elements, each of which already exists and is applied to the Sebung Bandung community.
McMillan and Chavis in (Chavis, 2008) mention the four elements, namely:
Membership
Membership is the feeling that someone has invested themselves to become a
member of a community. Membership in a community has boundaries within the
community that distinguish community members from those who are not members of the
community, as well as knowing who is in the community.
The membership that distinguishes the activities of the Sebung Bandung social
community from other social communities can be seen from the activities, namely greeting
and sharing. Then for the community members themselves, Sebung members have t-shirts
and tote bags as member identities that distinguish Sebung members and members of other
communities.
Influence
Influence is the power that individuals have to influence other members and the
power of the community to influence individuals. Efforts to influence each other between
members and the community have been displayed from the entire series of Sebung Bandung
activities from briefings, taking to the streets, sharing sessions, to free events.
Shared Emotional Connection
Relationships A shared emotional connection within a community formed from
positive interactions, shared stories and shared experiences. The more people interact, the
more likely they are to form close relationships, which then leads to stronger bonds.
Members of the Sebung Bandung community, from administrators to volunteers,
have a need to share their feelings and have an emotional bond. It is shown in sharing
activities and free events that make them open and empathize with each other. The Sebung
Bandung community can survive because its community members already have the four
elements mentioned.
The five factors, namely rational persuasion, consultation tactics, ingratiation
tactics, personal appeals tactics and exchange tactics in the implementation of persuasion
communication in maintaining the loyalty of the Sebung Bandung community, are effective
because they form a community that actively contributes by participating in all Sebung
Bandung activities. In the end, a sense of community is formed in community members
which creates loyalty for Sebung Bandung community volunteers to maintain the
sustainability of the Sebung Bandung community in the future sustainability of the Sebung
community in the future.
Conclusion
Application of techniques that build persuasive communication applied by Sebung
Bandung administrators in maintaining volunteer loyalty Sebung Bandung social community
is with 1) rational tactics, which is persuasion from the first impression of meeting applied
to briefing activities, by directing volunteers based on logical reasons and data in the form of
facts, 2) consultation tactics, which is persuasion by providing facilities to develop
volunteer abilities applied to sharing session activities, by developing public speaking,
listening, empathizing and changing perceptions, 3) ingratiation tactics, which is persuading
by giving appreciation applied to the entire series of Sebung activities, by giving praise,
trust, and activity certificates, 4) personal appeal tactics, which is persuading with personal
closeness applied to sharing information, by inviting the closest friends to stay in the
community, 5) exchange tactics, which is persuading with deeper personal closeness applied
to sharing activities and free events, by creating similarity, open attitude, self healing, and
the desire to stay in the community.
Fifth techniques These five techniques create a sense of community in Sebung
Bandung community members including membership, influence, integration and fulfillment
of needs, and shared emotional connection. After a sense of community is formed, Sebung
community volunteers have the desire to contribute by participating in every Sebung
Bandung activity and ultimately form the loyalty of Sebung Bandung social community
volunteers.
Rational Persuasion
Rational action according to Weber relates to conscious consideration and the choice
that the action is expressed (Johnson, 2004: 220). Rational persuasion was implemented in
the initial series of weekly Sebung activities which took place every Friday at
20.00 WIB at the Bandung City Hall Historical Park. The activity is led by the person in
charge, which is usually taken over by the founder and co-founder of Sebung Bandung.
They started the activity with a briefing, namely a brief introduction to the Sebung
community, including the beginning of its establishment, a series of activities, and the goals
of the Sebung community itself. This was followed by an introduction to each of the
volunteers present and directions in carrying out the next series of activities. All
explanations spoken by the person in charge are always accompanied by the provision of
data or facts which are the reasons for the rules or things that Sebung community volunteers
must do.
The data and facts are obtained from the experience of the person in charge of
managing social programs or activities elsewhere. The person in charge who became the
speaker in the briefing session had two important criteria, namely credibility and
attractiveness (interest, similarity, beauty). The main objective during the briefing is to
convey a requirement for Sebung Bandung volunteers in the next series of activities, to greet
and motivate the target which is carried out for 10-15 minutes. This is a form of real
implementation of how Sebung's management conduct persuasive communication to its
volunteers. Therefore, greeting and providing motivation directed by the Sebung
management to volunteers is the first step to building volunteer loyalty. The management
provides examples and persuades with things that lead to social and humanitarian meanings.
Consultation Tactics
Dala Carnegie in Great Influencer (2018: 66) says that interest in the interlocutor can
be actualized in various ways. Even with the expression that someone is interested in
personality, experience, strengths and so on. It is also shown with body language and forms
of attention. Consultation Tactics are implemented in several series of Sebung activities, one
of which is a sharing session. The management provides a means for volunteers to be able to
hone their public speaking skills. This session was held after going to the streets at the
gathering point, Taman Sejarah. This method is in the form of an activity, where volunteers
have the opportunity to share the sharing experience that has been carried out in the down
the street session. This session was led directly by the Sebung management who was in
charge of the activity.
By forming a forum to develop public speaking skills, volunteers can not only hone
their soft skills. But they have several other abilities such as:
Public Speaking
Sebung Bandung volunteers are dominated by people with introverted personalities.
With so Sebung provides a sharing session as a platform for volunteers to develop their
public speaking skills about the stories they have. The story can be one volunteer's
experience communicating with the target or other experiences they have had in similar
social activities. The seating position when they do a sharing session is sitting in a circle and
the position of the speaker who stands where he originally sat.
Listen to
Both volunteers and administrators make themselves good listeners to the people
who are talking during the sharing session. Listening attitude from the board side can build
a good relationship with volunteers. While from the volunteers' side, it will increase their
insight and knowledge about social humanitarianism. Then loyalty will be built between
volunteers and the Sebung management itself.
Empathy
Baron and Byrne in (Asih and Pratiwi, 2010) state that empathy is the ability to feel
the emotional state of others, feel sympathetic and try to solve problems by taking other
people's perspectives. By listening to the sharing session, Sebung volunteers will learn to
understand the content of the story and appreciate the differences between people speakers
and themselves. That way Sebung volunteers can hone empathy from the exchange of stories
in the sharing.
Changing Perceptions
With the sharing session, volunteers' knowledge increases and they are able to
interpret the activities they do with a wider scope.
Ingratiation Tactics
Lincoln in Great Influencer (2018:61) said in every letter that, "Everyone Loves Praise",
humans have a desire to be important. Giving appreciation is one of the strategies to
maintain volunteer loyalty. This appreciation is applied throughout the series of Sebung
Bandung activities, namely briefings to sharing sessions. Appreciation carried out by
Sebung to its volunteers is divided into several forms, namely:
Praise
Compliments are not uncommon in the Sebung community. During briefings, there
are times when they get to know each other and compliment each other. This treatment has
become commonplace because it is easy for them to give compliments. That way when they
go down the street, volunteers also apply the behavior of the management to praise the
target. Praise for volunteers is also was raised during the sharing session. When volunteers
finish sharing their experiences, the person in charge always compliments them. It doesn't
stop at routine activities, during free events that are more about inter-personal
communication or small groups, Sebung administrators still familiarize themselves with the
program Themselves to deliver compliments so that Sebung volunteers will be more
comfortable talking and being open with the administrators or other Sebung members.
Trust
In the Sebung community, trust is given by the Sebung management when they feel
that the volunteer meets the predetermined criteria. Until now, the Sebung management has
given its trust to volunteers to manage Sebung activities such as being in charge of weekly
Sebung on Fridays, then monthly activities such as social experiences at the Dago Bandung
car free day, to annual activities such as Sebung Anniversary or Sebung Qurban. Therefore,
several Sebung activities are always accompanied by volunteers as organizers.
Activity Certificate
Sebung provides physical appreciation that can symbolize the participation of
volunteers in helping Sebung Bandung's activities. In addition to increasing volunteer
excitement and loyalty, this certificate is useful for Other volunteer interests such as the
need to fulfill the activities of certified activities as a requirement to graduate students or
exchange students and other needs. That way between the board and volunteers creates a
symbiotic condition of mutualism.
Personal Appeal Tactics
Florence Littauer in Great Influencer (2018: 12) says that within humans there are
different characters or personalities, so that feelings of insecurity will arise if in establishing
a relationship with others. When someone has determined to establish a relationship with
another person, personal closeness and trust between one another arise. Therefore, they can
persuade each other.
By sharing information between volunteers and administrators, they trust each other
to continue to survive in a community. The steps taken by the management itself are to
always remind all Sebung Bandung members on the WhatsApp group platform. Weekly
Sebung announcements are distributed through the group every Wednesday night. While
other announcements are distributed according to the activities held, which is no later than
three days before the activity. Then if it is seen that there are Sebung members who have not
participated in activities for more than one month, they will be contacted privately via
whatsapp chat by the Sebung public relations division. The results obtained by volunteers
become loyal because of a sense of security. They also apply again to share information as a
form of their contribution to the sustainability of the Sebung Bandung social community in
the future.
Exchange Tactics
Amin in Great Influencer (2018:59) says that feeling what others feel is extremely
difficult, requiring contemplation, an intense emotional adventure. Therefore, a person living
in this world needs a feeling adventure into other people's territory in order to care for others
more sharply. The Sebung Bandung management applies this exchange tactics factor to the
relationship between the management and volunteers. With a free event after the sharing
session, community members will freely exchange experiences, fun, and work more
intensely. Sebung administrators deliberately instill this factor so that Sebung members can
make Sebung more than just a community but can become a second home and self healing.
Sebung Bandung administrators build an atmosphere through three main topics, namely
food, love, and problems. Food and love topics are the gateway to break the ice in a forum.
Meanwhile, the topic of problems leads Sebung members, both administrators and
volunteers, to a more intense relationship. This factor causes several things in volunteers,
namely:
Similarity
Sebung Bandung's main informants are dominated by the similarity of feelings of
compatibility that arise when each volunteer feels there is something in common in the story
that was conveyed by them. The feeling of compatibility creates new things such as a sense
of gratitude, a sense of security and a sense of empathy. The feelings of compatibility felt by
Sebung volunteers are very diverse, ranging from family, personality, romantic
relationships, work and education. They find similar problems and eventually can learn from
each other, appreciate and give input to each other.
Open Attitude
The four informants who have joined the community for more than a year said they
have been open with some Sebung members whom they trust. So that they feel safe and
comfortable when telling about pleasant or sad things. Meanwhile, one main informant said
that he had not opened up to any of the Sebung volunteers or administrators because he did
not have enough time to do so.
Self Healing
Sebung is a community that can be a place for volunteers who want to heal
themselves from the burden or problems they face. The majority of Sebung volunteers are
people who are looking for a place to escape from the problems they have. This factor is
driven by the ability of Sebung's administrators to create a comfortable atmosphere and
activity time at night which makes the activity wise and meaningful.
Desire to Stay in the Community
Volunteers will stay in the Sebung community not for the reason of doing good by
sharing as the main goal, but to meet other Sebung volunteers and administrators. Sebung
volunteers consider Sebung as a family to them. Because by joining Sebung, they feel they
have found peace in themselves.
This exchange tactics factor eventually forms a sense of community or a feeling of
belonging to the Sebung Bandung community. This feeling will result in members' desire to
maintain the existence of the community in any way. One of them is by showing their
contribution in enlivening routine community activities. Sense of community has four
elements, each of which already exists and is applied to the Sebung Bandung community.
McMillan and Chavis in (Chavis, 2008) mention the four elements, namely:
Membership
Membership is the feeling that someone has invested themselves to become a
member of a community. Membership in a community has boundaries within the
community that distinguish community members from those who are not members of the
community, as well as knowing who is in the community.
The membership that distinguishes the activities of the Sebung Bandung social
community from other social communities can be seen from the activities, namely greeting
and sharing. Then for the community members themselves, Sebung members have t-shirts
and tote bags as member identities that distinguish Sebung members and members of other
communities.
Influence
Influence is the power that individuals have to influence other members and the
power of the community to influence individuals. Efforts to influence each other between
members and the community have been displayed from the entire series of Sebung Bandung
activities from briefings, taking to the streets, sharing sessions, to free events.
Shared Emotional Connection
Relationships A shared emotional connection within a community formed from
positive interactions, shared stories and shared experiences. The more people interact, the
more likely they are to form close relationships, which then leads to stronger bonds.
Members of the Sebung Bandung community, from administrators to volunteers,
have a need to share their feelings and have an emotional bond. It is shown in sharing
activities and free events that make them open and empathize with each other. The Sebung
Bandung community can survive because its community members already have the four
elements mentioned.
The five factors, namely rational persuasion, consultation tactics, ingratiation
tactics, personal appeals tactics and exchange tactics in the implementation of persuasion
communication in maintaining the loyalty of the Sebung Bandung community, are effective
because they form a community that actively contributes by participating in all Sebung
Bandung activities. In the end, a sense of community is formed in community members
which creates loyalty for Sebung Bandung community volunteers to maintain the
sustainability of the Sebung Bandung community in the future sustainability of the Sebung
community in the future.
Conclusion
Application of techniques that build persuasive communication applied by Sebung
Bandung administrators in maintaining volunteer loyalty Sebung Bandung social community
is with 1) rational tactics, which is persuasion from the first impression of meeting applied
to briefing activities, by directing volunteers based on logical reasons and data in the form of
facts, 2) consultation tactics, which is persuasion by providing facilities to develop
volunteer abilities applied to sharing session activities, by developing public speaking,
listening, empathizing and changing perceptions, 3) ingratiation tactics, which is persuading
by giving appreciation applied to the entire series of Sebung activities, by giving praise,
trust, and activity certificates, 4) personal appeal tactics, which is persuading with personal
closeness applied to sharing information, by inviting the closest friends to stay in the
community, 5) exchange tactics, which is persuading with deeper personal closeness applied
to sharing activities and free events, by creating similarity, open attitude, self healing, and
the desire to stay in the community.
Fifth techniques These five techniques create a sense of community in Sebung
Bandung community members including membership, influence, integration and fulfillment
of needs, and shared emotional connection. After a sense of community is formed, Sebung
community volunteers have the desire to contribute by participating in every Sebung
Bandung activity and ultimately form the loyalty of Sebung Bandung social community
volunteers.
Rational Persuasion
Rational action according to Weber relates to conscious consideration and the choice
that the action is expressed (Johnson, 2004: 220). Rational persuasion was implemented in
the initial series of weekly Sebung activities which took place every Friday at
20.00 WIB at the Bandung City Hall Historical Park. The activity is led by the person in
charge, which is usually taken over by the founder and co-founder of Sebung Bandung.
They started the activity with a briefing, namely a brief introduction to the Sebung
community, including the beginning of its establishment, a series of activities, and the goals
of the Sebung community itself. This was followed by an introduction to each of the
volunteers present and directions in carrying out the next series of activities. All
explanations spoken by the person in charge are always accompanied by the provision of
data or facts which are the reasons for the rules or things that Sebung community volunteers
must do.
The data and facts are obtained from the experience of the person in charge of
managing social programs or activities elsewhere. The person in charge who became the
speaker in the briefing session had two important criteria, namely credibility and
attractiveness (interest, similarity, beauty). The main objective during the briefing is to
convey a requirement for Sebung Bandung volunteers in the next series of activities, to greet
and motivate the target which is carried out for 10-15 minutes. This is a form of real
implementation of how Sebung's management conduct persuasive communication to its
volunteers. Therefore, greeting and providing motivation directed by the Sebung
management to volunteers is the first step to building volunteer loyalty. The management
provides examples and persuades with things that lead to social and humanitarian meanings.
Consultation Tactics
Dala Carnegie in Great Influencer (2018: 66) says that interest in the interlocutor can
be actualized in various ways. Even with the expression that someone is interested in
personality, experience, strengths and so on. It is also shown with body language and forms
of attention. Consultation Tactics are implemented in several series of Sebung activities, one
of which is a sharing session. The management provides a means for volunteers to be able to
hone their public speaking skills. This session was held after going to the streets at the
gathering point, Taman Sejarah. This method is in the form of an activity, where volunteers
have the opportunity to share the sharing experience that has been carried out in the down
the street session. This session was led directly by the Sebung management who was in
charge of the activity.
By forming a forum to develop public speaking skills, volunteers can not only hone
their soft skills. But they have several other abilities such as:
Public Speaking
Sebung Bandung volunteers are dominated by people with introverted personalities.
With so Sebung provides a sharing session as a platform for volunteers to develop their
public speaking skills about the stories they have. The story can be one volunteer's
experience communicating with the target or other experiences they have had in similar
social activities. The seating position when they do a sharing session is sitting in a circle and
the position of the speaker who stands where he originally sat.
Listen to
Both volunteers and administrators make themselves good listeners to the people
who are talking during the sharing session. Listening attitude from the board side can build
a good relationship with volunteers. While from the volunteers' side, it will increase their
insight and knowledge about social humanitarianism. Then loyalty will be built between
volunteers and the Sebung management itself.
Empathy
Baron and Byrne in (Asih and Pratiwi, 2010) state that empathy is the ability to feel
the emotional state of others, feel sympathetic and try to solve problems by taking other
people's perspectives. By listening to the sharing session, Sebung volunteers will learn to
understand the content of the story and appreciate the differences between people speakers
and themselves. That way Sebung volunteers can hone empathy from the exchange of stories
in the sharing.
Changing Perceptions
With the sharing session, volunteers' knowledge increases and they are able to
interpret the activities they do with a wider scope.
Ingratiation Tactics
Lincoln in Great Influencer (2018:61) said in every letter that, "Everyone Loves Praise",
humans have a desire to be important. Giving appreciation is one of the strategies to
maintain volunteer loyalty. This appreciation is applied throughout the series of Sebung
Bandung activities, namely briefings to sharing sessions. Appreciation carried out by
Sebung to its volunteers is divided into several forms, namely:
Praise
Compliments are not uncommon in the Sebung community. During briefings, there
are times when they get to know each other and compliment each other. This treatment has
become commonplace because it is easy for them to give compliments. That way when they
go down the street, volunteers also apply the behavior of the management to praise the
target. Praise for volunteers is also was raised during the sharing session. When volunteers
finish sharing their experiences, the person in charge always compliments them. It doesn't
stop at routine activities, during free events that are more about inter-personal
communication or small groups, Sebung administrators still familiarize themselves with the
program Themselves to deliver compliments so that Sebung volunteers will be more
comfortable talking and being open with the administrators or other Sebung members.
Trust
In the Sebung community, trust is given by the Sebung management when they feel
that the volunteer meets the predetermined criteria. Until now, the Sebung management has
given its trust to volunteers to manage Sebung activities such as being in charge of weekly
Sebung on Fridays, then monthly activities such as social experiences at the Dago Bandung
car free day, to annual activities such as Sebung Anniversary or Sebung Qurban. Therefore,
several Sebung activities are always accompanied by volunteers as organizers.
Activity Certificate
Sebung provides physical appreciation that can symbolize the participation of
volunteers in helping Sebung Bandung's activities. In addition to increasing volunteer
excitement and loyalty, this certificate is useful for Other volunteer interests such as the
need to fulfill the activities of certified activities as a requirement to graduate students or
exchange students and other needs. That way between the board and volunteers creates a
symbiotic condition of mutualism.
Personal Appeal Tactics
Florence Littauer in Great Influencer (2018: 12) says that within humans there are
different characters or personalities, so that feelings of insecurity will arise if in establishing
a relationship with others. When someone has determined to establish a relationship with
another person, personal closeness and trust between one another arise. Therefore, they can
persuade each other.
By sharing information between volunteers and administrators, they trust each other
to continue to survive in a community. The steps taken by the management itself are to
always remind all Sebung Bandung members on the WhatsApp group platform. Weekly
Sebung announcements are distributed through the group every Wednesday night. While
other announcements are distributed according to the activities held, which is no later than
three days before the activity. Then if it is seen that there are Sebung members who have not
participated in activities for more than one month, they will be contacted privately via
whatsapp chat by the Sebung public relations division. The results obtained by volunteers
become loyal because of a sense of security. They also apply again to share information as a
form of their contribution to the sustainability of the Sebung Bandung social community in
the future.
Exchange Tactics
Amin in Great Influencer (2018:59) says that feeling what others feel is extremely
difficult, requiring contemplation, an intense emotional adventure. Therefore, a person living
in this world needs a feeling adventure into other people's territory in order to care for others
more sharply. The Sebung Bandung management applies this exchange tactics factor to the
relationship between the management and volunteers. With a free event after the sharing
session, community members will freely exchange experiences, fun, and work more
intensely. Sebung administrators deliberately instill this factor so that Sebung members can
make Sebung more than just a community but can become a second home and self healing.
Sebung Bandung administrators build an atmosphere through three main topics, namely
food, love, and problems. Food and love topics are the gateway to break the ice in a forum.
Meanwhile, the topic of problems leads Sebung members, both administrators and
volunteers, to a more intense relationship. This factor causes several things in volunteers,
namely:
Similarity
Sebung Bandung's main informants are dominated by the similarity of feelings of
compatibility that arise when each volunteer feels there is something in common in the story
that was conveyed by them. The feeling of compatibility creates new things such as a sense
of gratitude, a sense of security and a sense of empathy. The feelings of compatibility felt by
Sebung volunteers are very diverse, ranging from family, personality, romantic
relationships, work and education. They find similar problems and eventually can learn from
each other, appreciate and give input to each other.
Open Attitude
The four informants who have joined the community for more than a year said they
have been open with some Sebung members whom they trust. So that they feel safe and
comfortable when telling about pleasant or sad things. Meanwhile, one main informant said
that he had not opened up to any of the Sebung volunteers or administrators because he did
not have enough time to do so.
Self Healing
Sebung is a community that can be a place for volunteers who want to heal
themselves from the burden or problems they face. The majority of Sebung volunteers are
people who are looking for a place to escape from the problems they have. This factor is
driven by the ability of Sebung's administrators to create a comfortable atmosphere and
activity time at night which makes the activity wise and meaningful.
Desire to Stay in the Community
Volunteers will stay in the Sebung community not for the reason of doing good by
sharing as the main goal, but to meet other Sebung volunteers and administrators. Sebung
volunteers consider Sebung as a family to them. Because by joining Sebung, they feel they
have found peace in themselves.
This exchange tactics factor eventually forms a sense of community or a feeling of
belonging to the Sebung Bandung community. This feeling will result in members' desire to
maintain the existence of the community in any way. One of them is by showing their
contribution in enlivening routine community activities. Sense of community has four
elements, each of which already exists and is applied to the Sebung Bandung community.
McMillan and Chavis in (Chavis, 2008) mention the four elements, namely:
Membership
Membership is the feeling that someone has invested themselves to become a
member of a community. Membership in a community has boundaries within the
community that distinguish community members from those who are not members of the
community, as well as knowing who is in the community.
The membership that distinguishes the activities of the Sebung Bandung social
community from other social communities can be seen from the activities, namely greeting
and sharing. Then for the community members themselves, Sebung members have t-shirts
and tote bags as member identities that distinguish Sebung members and members of other
communities.
Influence
Influence is the power that individuals have to influence other members and the
power of the community to influence individuals. Efforts to influence each other between
members and the community have been displayed from the entire series of Sebung Bandung
activities from briefings, taking to the streets, sharing sessions, to free events.
Shared Emotional Connection
Relationships A shared emotional connection within a community formed from
positive interactions, shared stories and shared experiences. The more people interact, the
more likely they are to form close relationships, which then leads to stronger bonds.
Members of the Sebung Bandung community, from administrators to volunteers,
have a need to share their feelings and have an emotional bond. It is shown in sharing
activities and free events that make them open and empathize with each other. The Sebung
Bandung community can survive because its community members already have the four
elements mentioned.
The five factors, namely rational persuasion, consultation tactics, ingratiation
tactics, personal appeals tactics and exchange tactics in the implementation of persuasion
communication in maintaining the loyalty of the Sebung Bandung community, are effective
because they form a community that actively contributes by participating in all Sebung
Bandung activities. In the end, a sense of community is formed in community members
which creates loyalty for Sebung Bandung community volunteers to maintain the
sustainability of the Sebung Bandung community in the future sustainability of the Sebung
community in the future.
Conclusion
Application of techniques that build persuasive communication applied by Sebung
Bandung administrators in maintaining volunteer loyalty Sebung Bandung social community
is with 1) rational tactics, which is persuasion from the first impression of meeting applied
to briefing activities, by directing volunteers based on logical reasons and data in the form of
facts, 2) consultation tactics, which is persuasion by providing facilities to develop
volunteer abilities applied to sharing session activities, by developing public speaking,
listening, empathizing and changing perceptions, 3) ingratiation tactics, which is persuading
by giving appreciation applied to the entire series of Sebung activities, by giving praise,
trust, and activity certificates, 4) personal appeal tactics, which is persuading with personal
closeness applied to sharing information, by inviting the closest friends to stay in the
community, 5) exchange tactics, which is persuading with deeper personal closeness applied
to sharing activities and free events, by creating similarity, open attitude, self healing, and
the desire to stay in the community.
Fifth techniques These five techniques create a sense of community in Sebung
Bandung community members including membership, influence, integration and fulfillment
of needs, and shared emotional connection. After a sense of community is formed, Sebung
community volunteers have the desire to contribute by participating in every Sebung
Bandung activity and ultimately form the loyalty of Sebung Bandung social community
volunteers.
Rational Persuasion
Rational action according to Weber relates to conscious consideration and the choice
that the action is expressed (Johnson, 2004: 220). Rational persuasion was implemented in
the initial series of weekly Sebung activities which took place every Friday at
20.00 WIB at the Bandung City Hall Historical Park. The activity is led by the person in
charge, which is usually taken over by the founder and co-founder of Sebung Bandung.
They started the activity with a briefing, namely a brief introduction to the Sebung
community, including the beginning of its establishment, a series of activities, and the goals
of the Sebung community itself. This was followed by an introduction to each of the
volunteers present and directions in carrying out the next series of activities. All
explanations spoken by the person in charge are always accompanied by the provision of
data or facts which are the reasons for the rules or things that Sebung community volunteers
must do.
The data and facts are obtained from the experience of the person in charge of
managing social programs or activities elsewhere. The person in charge who became the
speaker in the briefing session had two important criteria, namely credibility and
attractiveness (interest, similarity, beauty). The main objective during the briefing is to
convey a requirement for Sebung Bandung volunteers in the next series of activities, to greet
and motivate the target which is carried out for 10-15 minutes. This is a form of real
implementation of how Sebung's management conduct persuasive communication to its
volunteers. Therefore, greeting and providing motivation directed by the Sebung
management to volunteers is the first step to building volunteer loyalty. The management
provides examples and persuades with things that lead to social and humanitarian meanings.
Consultation Tactics
Dala Carnegie in Great Influencer (2018: 66) says that interest in the interlocutor can
be actualized in various ways. Even with the expression that someone is interested in
personality, experience, strengths and so on. It is also shown with body language and forms
of attention. Consultation Tactics are implemented in several series of Sebung activities, one
of which is a sharing session. The management provides a means for volunteers to be able to
hone their public speaking skills. This session was held after going to the streets at the
gathering point, Taman Sejarah. This method is in the form of an activity, where volunteers
have the opportunity to share the sharing experience that has been carried out in the down
the street session. This session was led directly by the Sebung management who was in
charge of the activity.
By forming a forum to develop public speaking skills, volunteers can not only hone
their soft skills. But they have several other abilities such as:
Public Speaking
Sebung Bandung volunteers are dominated by people with introverted personalities.
With so Sebung provides a sharing session as a platform for volunteers to develop their
public speaking skills about the stories they have. The story can be one volunteer's
experience communicating with the target or other experiences they have had in similar
social activities. The seating position when they do a sharing session is sitting in a circle and
the position of the speaker who stands where he originally sat.
Listen to
Both volunteers and administrators make themselves good listeners to the people
who are talking during the sharing session. Listening attitude from the board side can build
a good relationship with volunteers. While from the volunteers' side, it will increase their
insight and knowledge about social humanitarianism. Then loyalty will be built between
volunteers and the Sebung management itself.
Empathy
Baron and Byrne in (Asih and Pratiwi, 2010) state that empathy is the ability to feel
the emotional state of others, feel sympathetic and try to solve problems by taking other
people's perspectives. By listening to the sharing session, Sebung volunteers will learn to
understand the content of the story and appreciate the differences between people speakers
and themselves. That way Sebung volunteers can hone empathy from the exchange of stories
in the sharing.
Changing Perceptions
With the sharing session, volunteers' knowledge increases and they are able to
interpret the activities they do with a wider scope.
Ingratiation Tactics
Lincoln in Great Influencer (2018:61) said in every letter that, "Everyone Loves Praise",
humans have a desire to be important. Giving appreciation is one of the strategies to
maintain volunteer loyalty. This appreciation is applied throughout the series of Sebung
Bandung activities, namely briefings to sharing sessions. Appreciation carried out by
Sebung to its volunteers is divided into several forms, namely:
Praise
Compliments are not uncommon in the Sebung community. During briefings, there
are times when they get to know each other and compliment each other. This treatment has
become commonplace because it is easy for them to give compliments. That way when they
go down the street, volunteers also apply the behavior of the management to praise the
target. Praise for volunteers is also was raised during the sharing session. When volunteers
finish sharing their experiences, the person in charge always compliments them. It doesn't
stop at routine activities, during free events that are more about inter-personal
communication or small groups, Sebung administrators still familiarize themselves with the
program Themselves to deliver compliments so that Sebung volunteers will be more
comfortable talking and being open with the administrators or other Sebung members.
Trust
In the Sebung community, trust is given by the Sebung management when they feel
that the volunteer meets the predetermined criteria. Until now, the Sebung management has
given its trust to volunteers to manage Sebung activities such as being in charge of weekly
Sebung on Fridays, then monthly activities such as social experiences at the Dago Bandung
car free day, to annual activities such as Sebung Anniversary or Sebung Qurban. Therefore,
several Sebung activities are always accompanied by volunteers as organizers.
Activity Certificate
Sebung provides physical appreciation that can symbolize the participation of
volunteers in helping Sebung Bandung's activities. In addition to increasing volunteer
excitement and loyalty, this certificate is useful for Other volunteer interests such as the
need to fulfill the activities of certified activities as a requirement to graduate students or
exchange students and other needs. That way between the board and volunteers creates a
symbiotic condition of mutualism.
Personal Appeal Tactics
Florence Littauer in Great Influencer (2018: 12) says that within humans there are
different characters or personalities, so that feelings of insecurity will arise if in establishing
a relationship with others. When someone has determined to establish a relationship with
another person, personal closeness and trust between one another arise. Therefore, they can
persuade each other.
By sharing information between volunteers and administrators, they trust each other
to continue to survive in a community. The steps taken by the management itself are to
always remind all Sebung Bandung members on the WhatsApp group platform. Weekly
Sebung announcements are distributed through the group every Wednesday night. While
other announcements are distributed according to the activities held, which is no later than
three days before the activity. Then if it is seen that there are Sebung members who have not
participated in activities for more than one month, they will be contacted privately via
whatsapp chat by the Sebung public relations division. The results obtained by volunteers
become loyal because of a sense of security. They also apply again to share information as a
form of their contribution to the sustainability of the Sebung Bandung social community in
the future.
Exchange Tactics
Amin in Great Influencer (2018:59) says that feeling what others feel is extremely
difficult, requiring contemplation, an intense emotional adventure. Therefore, a person living
in this world needs a feeling adventure into other people's territory in order to care for others
more sharply. The Sebung Bandung management applies this exchange tactics factor to the
relationship between the management and volunteers. With a free event after the sharing
session, community members will freely exchange experiences, fun, and work more
intensely. Sebung administrators deliberately instill this factor so that Sebung members can
make Sebung more than just a community but can become a second home and self healing.
Sebung Bandung administrators build an atmosphere through three main topics, namely
food, love, and problems. Food and love topics are the gateway to break the ice in a forum.
Meanwhile, the topic of problems leads Sebung members, both administrators and
volunteers, to a more intense relationship. This factor causes several things in volunteers,
namely:
Similarity
Sebung Bandung's main informants are dominated by the similarity of feelings of
compatibility that arise when each volunteer feels there is something in common in the story
that was conveyed by them. The feeling of compatibility creates new things such as a sense
of gratitude, a sense of security and a sense of empathy. The feelings of compatibility felt by
Sebung volunteers are very diverse, ranging from family, personality, romantic
relationships, work and education. They find similar problems and eventually can learn from
each other, appreciate and give input to each other.
Open Attitude
The four informants who have joined the community for more than a year said they
have been open with some Sebung members whom they trust. So that they feel safe and
comfortable when telling about pleasant or sad things. Meanwhile, one main informant said
that he had not opened up to any of the Sebung volunteers or administrators because he did
not have enough time to do so.
Self Healing
Sebung is a community that can be a place for volunteers who want to heal
themselves from the burden or problems they face. The majority of Sebung volunteers are
people who are looking for a place to escape from the problems they have. This factor is
driven by the ability of Sebung's administrators to create a comfortable atmosphere and
activity time at night which makes the activity wise and meaningful.
Desire to Stay in the Community
Volunteers will stay in the Sebung community not for the reason of doing good by
sharing as the main goal, but to meet other Sebung volunteers and administrators. Sebung
volunteers consider Sebung as a family to them. Because by joining Sebung, they feel they
have found peace in themselves.
This exchange tactics factor eventually forms a sense of community or a feeling of
belonging to the Sebung Bandung community. This feeling will result in members' desire to
maintain the existence of the community in any way. One of them is by showing their
contribution in enlivening routine community activities. Sense of community has four
elements, each of which already exists and is applied to the Sebung Bandung community.
McMillan and Chavis in (Chavis, 2008) mention the four elements, namely:
Membership
Membership is the feeling that someone has invested themselves to become a
member of a community. Membership in a community has boundaries within the
community that distinguish community members from those who are not members of the
community, as well as knowing who is in the community.
The membership that distinguishes the activities of the Sebung Bandung social
community from other social communities can be seen from the activities, namely greeting
and sharing. Then for the community members themselves, Sebung members have t-shirts
and tote bags as member identities that distinguish Sebung members and members of other
communities.
Influence
Influence is the power that individuals have to influence other members and the
power of the community to influence individuals. Efforts to influence each other between
members and the community have been displayed from the entire series of Sebung Bandung
activities from briefings, taking to the streets, sharing sessions, to free events.
Shared Emotional Connection
Relationships A shared emotional connection within a community formed from
positive interactions, shared stories and shared experiences. The more people interact, the
more likely they are to form close relationships, which then leads to stronger bonds.
Members of the Sebung Bandung community, from administrators to volunteers,
have a need to share their feelings and have an emotional bond. It is shown in sharing
activities and free events that make them open and empathize with each other. The Sebung
Bandung community can survive because its community members already have the four
elements mentioned.
The five factors, namely rational persuasion, consultation tactics, ingratiation
tactics, personal appeals tactics and exchange tactics in the implementation of persuasion
communication in maintaining the loyalty of the Sebung Bandung community, are effective
because they form a community that actively contributes by participating in all Sebung
Bandung activities. In the end, a sense of community is formed in community members
which creates loyalty for Sebung Bandung community volunteers to maintain the
sustainability of the Sebung Bandung community in the future sustainability of the Sebung
community in the future.
Conclusion
Application of techniques that build persuasive communication applied by Sebung
Bandung administrators in maintaining volunteer loyalty Sebung Bandung social community
is with 1) rational tactics, which is persuasion from the first impression of meeting applied
to briefing activities, by directing volunteers based on logical reasons and data in the form of
facts, 2) consultation tactics, which is persuasion by providing facilities to develop
volunteer abilities applied to sharing session activities, by developing public speaking,
listening, empathizing and changing perceptions, 3) ingratiation tactics, which is persuading
by giving appreciation applied to the entire series of Sebung activities, by giving praise,
trust, and activity certificates, 4) personal appeal tactics, which is persuading with personal
closeness applied to sharing information, by inviting the closest friends to stay in the
community, 5) exchange tactics, which is persuading with deeper personal closeness applied
to sharing activities and free events, by creating similarity, open attitude, self healing, and
the desire to stay in the community.
Fifth techniques These five techniques create a sense of community in Sebung
Bandung community members including membership, influence, integration and fulfillment
of needs, and shared emotional connection. After a sense of community is formed, Sebung
community volunteers have the desire to contribute by participating in every Sebung
Bandung activity and ultimately form the loyalty of Sebung Bandung social community
volunteers.
Rational Persuasion
Rational action according to Weber relates to conscious consideration and the choice
that the action is expressed (Johnson, 2004: 220). Rational persuasion was implemented in
the initial series of weekly Sebung activities which took place every Friday at
20.00 WIB at the Bandung City Hall Historical Park. The activity is led by the person in
charge, which is usually taken over by the founder and co-founder of Sebung Bandung.
They started the activity with a briefing, namely a brief introduction to the Sebung
community, including the beginning of its establishment, a series of activities, and the goals
of the Sebung community itself. This was followed by an introduction to each of the
volunteers present and directions in carrying out the next series of activities. All
explanations spoken by the person in charge are always accompanied by the provision of
data or facts which are the reasons for the rules or things that Sebung community volunteers
must do.
The data and facts are obtained from the experience of the person in charge of
managing social programs or activities elsewhere. The person in charge who became the
speaker in the briefing session had two important criteria, namely credibility and
attractiveness (interest, similarity, beauty). The main objective during the briefing is to
convey a requirement for Sebung Bandung volunteers in the next series of activities, to greet
and motivate the target which is carried out for 10-15 minutes. This is a form of real
implementation of how Sebung's management conduct persuasive communication to its
volunteers. Therefore, greeting and providing motivation directed by the Sebung
management to volunteers is the first step to building volunteer loyalty. The management
provides examples and persuades with things that lead to social and humanitarian meanings.
Consultation Tactics
Dala Carnegie in Great Influencer (2018: 66) says that interest in the interlocutor can
be actualized in various ways. Even with the expression that someone is interested in
personality, experience, strengths and so on. It is also shown with body language and forms
of attention. Consultation Tactics are implemented in several series of Sebung activities, one
of which is a sharing session. The management provides a means for volunteers to be able to
hone their public speaking skills. This session was held after going to the streets at the
gathering point, Taman Sejarah. This method is in the form of an activity, where volunteers
have the opportunity to share the sharing experience that has been carried out in the down
the street session. This session was led directly by the Sebung management who was in
charge of the activity.
By forming a forum to develop public speaking skills, volunteers can not only hone
their soft skills. But they have several other abilities such as:
Public Speaking
Sebung Bandung volunteers are dominated by people with introverted personalities.
With so Sebung provides a sharing session as a platform for volunteers to develop their
public speaking skills about the stories they have. The story can be one volunteer's
experience communicating with the target or other experiences they have had in similar
social activities. The seating position when they do a sharing session is sitting in a circle and
the position of the speaker who stands where he originally sat.
Listen to
Both volunteers and administrators make themselves good listeners to the people
who are talking during the sharing session. Listening attitude from the board side can build
a good relationship with volunteers. While from the volunteers' side, it will increase their
insight and knowledge about social humanitarianism. Then loyalty will be built between
volunteers and the Sebung management itself.
Empathy
Baron and Byrne in (Asih and Pratiwi, 2010) state that empathy is the ability to feel
the emotional state of others, feel sympathetic and try to solve problems by taking other
people's perspectives. By listening to the sharing session, Sebung volunteers will learn to
understand the content of the story and appreciate the differences between people speakers
and themselves. That way Sebung volunteers can hone empathy from the exchange of stories
in the sharing.
Changing Perceptions
With the sharing session, volunteers' knowledge increases and they are able to
interpret the activities they do with a wider scope.
Ingratiation Tactics
Lincoln in Great Influencer (2018:61) said in every letter that, "Everyone Loves Praise",
humans have a desire to be important. Giving appreciation is one of the strategies to
maintain volunteer loyalty. This appreciation is applied throughout the series of Sebung
Bandung activities, namely briefings to sharing sessions. Appreciation carried out by
Sebung to its volunteers is divided into several forms, namely:
Praise
Compliments are not uncommon in the Sebung community. During briefings, there
are times when they get to know each other and compliment each other. This treatment has
become commonplace because it is easy for them to give compliments. That way when they
go down the street, volunteers also apply the behavior of the management to praise the
target. Praise for volunteers is also was raised during the sharing session. When volunteers
finish sharing their experiences, the person in charge always compliments them. It doesn't
stop at routine activities, during free events that are more about inter-personal
communication or small groups, Sebung administrators still familiarize themselves with the
program Themselves to deliver compliments so that Sebung volunteers will be more
comfortable talking and being open with the administrators or other Sebung members.
Trust
In the Sebung community, trust is given by the Sebung management when they feel
that the volunteer meets the predetermined criteria. Until now, the Sebung management has
given its trust to volunteers to manage Sebung activities such as being in charge of weekly
Sebung on Fridays, then monthly activities such as social experiences at the Dago Bandung
car free day, to annual activities such as Sebung Anniversary or Sebung Qurban. Therefore,
several Sebung activities are always accompanied by volunteers as organizers.
Activity Certificate
Sebung provides physical appreciation that can symbolize the participation of
volunteers in helping Sebung Bandung's activities. In addition to increasing volunteer
excitement and loyalty, this certificate is useful for Other volunteer interests such as the
need to fulfill the activities of certified activities as a requirement to graduate students or
exchange students and other needs. That way between the board and volunteers creates a
symbiotic condition of mutualism.
Personal Appeal Tactics
Florence Littauer in Great Influencer (2018: 12) says that within humans there are
different characters or personalities, so that feelings of insecurity will arise if in establishing
a relationship with others. When someone has determined to establish a relationship with
another person, personal closeness and trust between one another arise. Therefore, they can
persuade each other.
By sharing information between volunteers and administrators, they trust each other
to continue to survive in a community. The steps taken by the management itself are to
always remind all Sebung Bandung members on the WhatsApp group platform. Weekly
Sebung announcements are distributed through the group every Wednesday night. While
other announcements are distributed according to the activities held, which is no later than
three days before the activity. Then if it is seen that there are Sebung members who have not
participated in activities for more than one month, they will be contacted privately via
whatsapp chat by the Sebung public relations division. The results obtained by volunteers
become loyal because of a sense of security. They also apply again to share information as a
form of their contribution to the sustainability of the Sebung Bandung social community in
the future.
Exchange Tactics
Amin in Great Influencer (2018:59) says that feeling what others feel is extremely
difficult, requiring contemplation, an intense emotional adventure. Therefore, a person living
in this world needs a feeling adventure into other people's territory in order to care for others
more sharply. The Sebung Bandung management applies this exchange tactics factor to the
relationship between the management and volunteers. With a free event after the sharing
session, community members will freely exchange experiences, fun, and work more
intensely. Sebung administrators deliberately instill this factor so that Sebung members can
make Sebung more than just a community but can become a second home and self healing.
Sebung Bandung administrators build an atmosphere through three main topics, namely
food, love, and problems. Food and love topics are the gateway to break the ice in a forum.
Meanwhile, the topic of problems leads Sebung members, both administrators and
volunteers, to a more intense relationship. This factor causes several things in volunteers,
namely:
Similarity
Sebung Bandung's main informants are dominated by the similarity of feelings of
compatibility that arise when each volunteer feels there is something in common in the story
that was conveyed by them. The feeling of compatibility creates new things such as a sense
of gratitude, a sense of security and a sense of empathy. The feelings of compatibility felt by
Sebung volunteers are very diverse, ranging from family, personality, romantic
relationships, work and education. They find similar problems and eventually can learn from
each other, appreciate and give input to each other.
Open Attitude
The four informants who have joined the community for more than a year said they
have been open with some Sebung members whom they trust. So that they feel safe and
comfortable when telling about pleasant or sad things. Meanwhile, one main informant said
that he had not opened up to any of the Sebung volunteers or administrators because he did
not have enough time to do so.
Self Healing
Sebung is a community that can be a place for volunteers who want to heal
themselves from the burden or problems they face. The majority of Sebung volunteers are
people who are looking for a place to escape from the problems they have. This factor is
driven by the ability of Sebung's administrators to create a comfortable atmosphere and
activity time at night which makes the activity wise and meaningful.
Desire to Stay in the Community
Volunteers will stay in the Sebung community not for the reason of doing good by
sharing as the main goal, but to meet other Sebung volunteers and administrators. Sebung
volunteers consider Sebung as a family to them. Because by joining Sebung, they feel they
have found peace in themselves.
This exchange tactics factor eventually forms a sense of community or a feeling of
belonging to the Sebung Bandung community. This feeling will result in members' desire to
maintain the existence of the community in any way. One of them is by showing their
contribution in enlivening routine community activities. Sense of community has four
elements, each of which already exists and is applied to the Sebung Bandung community.
McMillan and Chavis in (Chavis, 2008) mention the four elements, namely:
Membership
Membership is the feeling that someone has invested themselves to become a
member of a community. Membership in a community has boundaries within the
community that distinguish community members from those who are not members of the
community, as well as knowing who is in the community.
The membership that distinguishes the activities of the Sebung Bandung social
community from other social communities can be seen from the activities, namely greeting
and sharing. Then for the community members themselves, Sebung members have t-shirts
and tote bags as member identities that distinguish Sebung members and members of other
communities.
Influence
Influence is the power that individuals have to influence other members and the
power of the community to influence individuals. Efforts to influence each other between
members and the community have been displayed from the entire series of Sebung Bandung
activities from briefings, taking to the streets, sharing sessions, to free events.
Shared Emotional Connection
Relationships A shared emotional connection within a community formed from
positive interactions, shared stories and shared experiences. The more people interact, the
more likely they are to form close relationships, which then leads to stronger bonds.
Members of the Sebung Bandung community, from administrators to volunteers,
have a need to share their feelings and have an emotional bond. It is shown in sharing
activities and free events that make them open and empathize with each other. The Sebung
Bandung community can survive because its community members already have the four
elements mentioned.
The five factors, namely rational persuasion, consultation tactics, ingratiation
tactics, personal appeals tactics and exchange tactics in the implementation of persuasion
communication in maintaining the loyalty of the Sebung Bandung community, are effective
because they form a community that actively contributes by participating in all Sebung
Bandung activities. In the end, a sense of community is formed in community members
which creates loyalty for Sebung Bandung community volunteers to maintain the
sustainability of the Sebung Bandung community in the future sustainability of the Sebung
community in the future.
Conclusion
Application of techniques that build persuasive communication applied by Sebung
Bandung administrators in maintaining volunteer loyalty Sebung Bandung social community
is with 1) rational tactics, which is persuasion from the first impression of meeting applied
to briefing activities, by directing volunteers based on logical reasons and data in the form of
facts, 2) consultation tactics, which is persuasion by providing facilities to develop
volunteer abilities applied to sharing session activities, by developing public speaking,
listening, empathizing and changing perceptions, 3) ingratiation tactics, which is persuading
by giving appreciation applied to the entire series of Sebung activities, by giving praise,
trust, and activity certificates, 4) personal appeal tactics, which is persuading with personal
closeness applied to sharing information, by inviting the closest friends to stay in the
community, 5) exchange tactics, which is persuading with deeper personal closeness applied
to sharing activities and free events, by creating similarity, open attitude, self healing, and
the desire to stay in the community.
Fifth techniques These five techniques create a sense of community in Sebung
Bandung community members including membership, influence, integration and fulfillment
of needs, and shared emotional connection. After a sense of community is formed, Sebung
community volunteers have the desire to contribute by participating in every Sebung
Bandung activity and ultimately form the loyalty of Sebung Bandung social community
volunteers.
Rational Persuasion
Rational action according to Weber relates to conscious consideration and the choice
that the action is expressed (Johnson, 2004: 220). Rational persuasion was implemented in
the initial series of weekly Sebung activities which took place every Friday at
20.00 WIB at the Bandung City Hall Historical Park. The activity is led by the person in
charge, which is usually taken over by the founder and co-founder of Sebung Bandung.
They started the activity with a briefing, namely a brief introduction to the Sebung
community, including the beginning of its establishment, a series of activities, and the goals
of the Sebung community itself. This was followed by an introduction to each of the
volunteers present and directions in carrying out the next series of activities. All
explanations spoken by the person in charge are always accompanied by the provision of
data or facts which are the reasons for the rules or things that Sebung community volunteers
must do.
The data and facts are obtained from the experience of the person in charge of
managing social programs or activities elsewhere. The person in charge who became the
speaker in the briefing session had two important criteria, namely credibility and
attractiveness (interest, similarity, beauty). The main objective during the briefing is to
convey a requirement for Sebung Bandung volunteers in the next series of activities, to greet
and motivate the target which is carried out for 10-15 minutes. This is a form of real
implementation of how Sebung's management conduct persuasive communication to its
volunteers. Therefore, greeting and providing motivation directed by the Sebung
management to volunteers is the first step to building volunteer loyalty. The management
provides examples and persuades with things that lead to social and humanitarian meanings.
Consultation Tactics
Dala Carnegie in Great Influencer (2018: 66) says that interest in the interlocutor can
be actualized in various ways. Even with the expression that someone is interested in
personality, experience, strengths and so on. It is also shown with body language and forms
of attention. Consultation Tactics are implemented in several series of Sebung activities, one
of which is a sharing session. The management provides a means for volunteers to be able to
hone their public speaking skills. This session was held after going to the streets at the
gathering point, Taman Sejarah. This method is in the form of an activity, where volunteers
have the opportunity to share the sharing experience that has been carried out in the down
the street session. This session was led directly by the Sebung management who was in
charge of the activity.
By forming a forum to develop public speaking skills, volunteers can not only hone
their soft skills. But they have several other abilities such as:
Public Speaking
Sebung Bandung volunteers are dominated by people with introverted personalities.
With so Sebung provides a sharing session as a platform for volunteers to develop their
public speaking skills about the stories they have. The story can be one volunteer's
experience communicating with the target or other experiences they have had in similar
social activities. The seating position when they do a sharing session is sitting in a circle and
the position of the speaker who stands where he originally sat.
Listen to
Both volunteers and administrators make themselves good listeners to the people
who are talking during the sharing session. Listening attitude from the board side can build
a good relationship with volunteers. While from the volunteers' side, it will increase their
insight and knowledge about social humanitarianism. Then loyalty will be built between
volunteers and the Sebung management itself.
Empathy
Baron and Byrne in (Asih and Pratiwi, 2010) state that empathy is the ability to feel
the emotional state of others, feel sympathetic and try to solve problems by taking other
people's perspectives. By listening to the sharing session, Sebung volunteers will learn to
understand the content of the story and appreciate the differences between people speakers
and themselves. That way Sebung volunteers can hone empathy from the exchange of stories
in the sharing.
Changing Perceptions
With the sharing session, volunteers' knowledge increases and they are able to
interpret the activities they do with a wider scope.
Ingratiation Tactics
Lincoln in Great Influencer (2018:61) said in every letter that, "Everyone Loves Praise",
humans have a desire to be important. Giving appreciation is one of the strategies to
maintain volunteer loyalty. This appreciation is applied throughout the series of Sebung
Bandung activities, namely briefings to sharing sessions. Appreciation carried out by
Sebung to its volunteers is divided into several forms, namely:
Praise
Compliments are not uncommon in the Sebung community. During briefings, there
are times when they get to know each other and compliment each other. This treatment has
become commonplace because it is easy for them to give compliments. That way when they
go down the street, volunteers also apply the behavior of the management to praise the
target. Praise for volunteers is also was raised during the sharing session. When volunteers
finish sharing their experiences, the person in charge always compliments them. It doesn't
stop at routine activities, during free events that are more about inter-personal
communication or small groups, Sebung administrators still familiarize themselves with the
program Themselves to deliver compliments so that Sebung volunteers will be more
comfortable talking and being open with the administrators or other Sebung members.
Trust
In the Sebung community, trust is given by the Sebung management when they feel
that the volunteer meets the predetermined criteria. Until now, the Sebung management has
given its trust to volunteers to manage Sebung activities such as being in charge of weekly
Sebung on Fridays, then monthly activities such as social experiences at the Dago Bandung
car free day, to annual activities such as Sebung Anniversary or Sebung Qurban. Therefore,
several Sebung activities are always accompanied by volunteers as organizers.
Activity Certificate
Sebung provides physical appreciation that can symbolize the participation of
volunteers in helping Sebung Bandung's activities. In addition to increasing volunteer
excitement and loyalty, this certificate is useful for Other volunteer interests such as the
need to fulfill the activities of certified activities as a requirement to graduate students or
exchange students and other needs. That way between the board and volunteers creates a
symbiotic condition of mutualism.
Personal Appeal Tactics
Florence Littauer in Great Influencer (2018: 12) says that within humans there are
different characters or personalities, so that feelings of insecurity will arise if in establishing
a relationship with others. When someone has determined to establish a relationship with
another person, personal closeness and trust between one another arise. Therefore, they can
persuade each other.
By sharing information between volunteers and administrators, they trust each other
to continue to survive in a community. The steps taken by the management itself are to
always remind all Sebung Bandung members on the WhatsApp group platform. Weekly
Sebung announcements are distributed through the group every Wednesday night. While
other announcements are distributed according to the activities held, which is no later than
three days before the activity. Then if it is seen that there are Sebung members who have not
participated in activities for more than one month, they will be contacted privately via
whatsapp chat by the Sebung public relations division. The results obtained by volunteers
become loyal because of a sense of security. They also apply again to share information as a
form of their contribution to the sustainability of the Sebung Bandung social community in
the future.
Exchange Tactics
Amin in Great Influencer (2018:59) says that feeling what others feel is extremely
difficult, requiring contemplation, an intense emotional adventure. Therefore, a person living
in this world needs a feeling adventure into other people's territory in order to care for others
more sharply. The Sebung Bandung management applies this exchange tactics factor to the
relationship between the management and volunteers. With a free event after the sharing
session, community members will freely exchange experiences, fun, and work more
intensely. Sebung administrators deliberately instill this factor so that Sebung members can
make Sebung more than just a community but can become a second home and self healing.
Sebung Bandung administrators build an atmosphere through three main topics, namely
food, love, and problems. Food and love topics are the gateway to break the ice in a forum.
Meanwhile, the topic of problems leads Sebung members, both administrators and
volunteers, to a more intense relationship. This factor causes several things in volunteers,
namely:
Similarity
Sebung Bandung's main informants are dominated by the similarity of feelings of
compatibility that arise when each volunteer feels there is something in common in the story
that was conveyed by them. The feeling of compatibility creates new things such as a sense
of gratitude, a sense of security and a sense of empathy. The feelings of compatibility felt by
Sebung volunteers are very diverse, ranging from family, personality, romantic
relationships, work and education. They find similar problems and eventually can learn from
each other, appreciate and give input to each other.
Open Attitude
The four informants who have joined the community for more than a year said they
have been open with some Sebung members whom they trust. So that they feel safe and
comfortable when telling about pleasant or sad things. Meanwhile, one main informant said
that he had not opened up to any of the Sebung volunteers or administrators because he did
not have enough time to do so.
Self Healing
Sebung is a community that can be a place for volunteers who want to heal
themselves from the burden or problems they face. The majority of Sebung volunteers are
people who are looking for a place to escape from the problems they have. This factor is
driven by the ability of Sebung's administrators to create a comfortable atmosphere and
activity time at night which makes the activity wise and meaningful.
Desire to Stay in the Community
Volunteers will stay in the Sebung community not for the reason of doing good by
sharing as the main goal, but to meet other Sebung volunteers and administrators. Sebung
volunteers consider Sebung as a family to them. Because by joining Sebung, they feel they
have found peace in themselves.
This exchange tactics factor eventually forms a sense of community or a feeling of
belonging to the Sebung Bandung community. This feeling will result in members' desire to
maintain the existence of the community in any way. One of them is by showing their
contribution in enlivening routine community activities. Sense of community has four
elements, each of which already exists and is applied to the Sebung Bandung community.
McMillan and Chavis in (Chavis, 2008) mention the four elements, namely:
Membership
Membership is the feeling that someone has invested themselves to become a
member of a community. Membership in a community has boundaries within the
community that distinguish community members from those who are not members of the
community, as well as knowing who is in the community.
The membership that distinguishes the activities of the Sebung Bandung social
community from other social communities can be seen from the activities, namely greeting
and sharing. Then for the community members themselves, Sebung members have t-shirts
and tote bags as member identities that distinguish Sebung members and members of other
communities.
Influence
Influence is the power that individuals have to influence other members and the
power of the community to influence individuals. Efforts to influence each other between
members and the community have been displayed from the entire series of Sebung Bandung
activities from briefings, taking to the streets, sharing sessions, to free events.
Shared Emotional Connection
Relationships A shared emotional connection within a community formed from
positive interactions, shared stories and shared experiences. The more people interact, the
more likely they are to form close relationships, which then leads to stronger bonds.
Members of the Sebung Bandung community, from administrators to volunteers,
have a need to share their feelings and have an emotional bond. It is shown in sharing
activities and free events that make them open and empathize with each other. The Sebung
Bandung community can survive because its community members already have the four
elements mentioned.
The five factors, namely rational persuasion, consultation tactics, ingratiation
tactics, personal appeals tactics and exchange tactics in the implementation of persuasion
communication in maintaining the loyalty of the Sebung Bandung community, are effective
because they form a community that actively contributes by participating in all Sebung
Bandung activities. In the end, a sense of community is formed in community members
which creates loyalty for Sebung Bandung community volunteers to maintain the
sustainability of the Sebung Bandung community in the future sustainability of the Sebung
community in the future.
Conclusion
Application of techniques that build persuasive communication applied by Sebung
Bandung administrators in maintaining volunteer loyalty Sebung Bandung social community
is with 1) rational tactics, which is persuasion from the first impression of meeting applied
to briefing activities, by directing volunteers based on logical reasons and data in the form of
facts, 2) consultation tactics, which is persuasion by providing facilities to develop
volunteer abilities applied to sharing session activities, by developing public speaking,
listening, empathizing and changing perceptions, 3) ingratiation tactics, which is persuading
by giving appreciation applied to the entire series of Sebung activities, by giving praise,
trust, and activity certificates, 4) personal appeal tactics, which is persuading with personal
closeness applied to sharing information, by inviting the closest friends to stay in the
community, 5) exchange tactics, which is persuading with deeper personal closeness applied
to sharing activities and free events, by creating similarity, open attitude, self healing, and
the desire to stay in the community.
Fifth techniques These five techniques create a sense of community in Sebung
Bandung community members including membership, influence, integration and fulfillment
of needs, and shared emotional connection. After a sense of community is formed, Sebung
community volunteers have the desire to contribute by participating in every Sebung
Bandung activity and ultimately form the loyalty of Sebung Bandung social community
volunteers.
Rational Persuasion
Rational action according to Weber relates to conscious consideration and the choice
that the action is expressed (Johnson, 2004: 220). Rational persuasion was implemented in
the initial series of weekly Sebung activities which took place every Friday at
20.00 WIB at the Bandung City Hall Historical Park. The activity is led by the person in
charge, which is usually taken over by the founder and co-founder of Sebung Bandung.
They started the activity with a briefing, namely a brief introduction to the Sebung
community, including the beginning of its establishment, a series of activities, and the goals
of the Sebung community itself. This was followed by an introduction to each of the
volunteers present and directions in carrying out the next series of activities. All
explanations spoken by the person in charge are always accompanied by the provision of
data or facts which are the reasons for the rules or things that Sebung community volunteers
must do.
The data and facts are obtained from the experience of the person in charge of
managing social programs or activities elsewhere. The person in charge who became the
speaker in the briefing session had two important criteria, namely credibility and
attractiveness (interest, similarity, beauty). The main objective during the briefing is to
convey a requirement for Sebung Bandung volunteers in the next series of activities, to greet
and motivate the target which is carried out for 10-15 minutes. This is a form of real
implementation of how Sebung's management conduct persuasive communication to its
volunteers. Therefore, greeting and providing motivation directed by the Sebung
management to volunteers is the first step to building volunteer loyalty. The management
provides examples and persuades with things that lead to social and humanitarian meanings.
Consultation Tactics
Dala Carnegie in Great Influencer (2018: 66) says that interest in the interlocutor can
be actualized in various ways. Even with the expression that someone is interested in
personality, experience, strengths and so on. It is also shown with body language and forms
of attention. Consultation Tactics are implemented in several series of Sebung activities, one
of which is a sharing session. The management provides a means for volunteers to be able to
hone their public speaking skills. This session was held after going to the streets at the
gathering point, Taman Sejarah. This method is in the form of an activity, where volunteers
have the opportunity to share the sharing experience that has been carried out in the down
the street session. This session was led directly by the Sebung management who was in
charge of the activity.
By forming a forum to develop public speaking skills, volunteers can not only hone
their soft skills. But they have several other abilities such as:
Public Speaking
Sebung Bandung volunteers are dominated by people with introverted personalities.
With so Sebung provides a sharing session as a platform for volunteers to develop their
public speaking skills about the stories they have. The story can be one volunteer's
experience communicating with the target or other experiences they have had in similar
social activities. The seating position when they do a sharing session is sitting in a circle and
the position of the speaker who stands where he originally sat.
Listen to
Both volunteers and administrators make themselves good listeners to the people
who are talking during the sharing session. Listening attitude from the board side can build
a good relationship with volunteers. While from the volunteers' side, it will increase their
insight and knowledge about social humanitarianism. Then loyalty will be built between
volunteers and the Sebung management itself.
Empathy
Baron and Byrne in (Asih and Pratiwi, 2010) state that empathy is the ability to feel
the emotional state of others, feel sympathetic and try to solve problems by taking other
people's perspectives. By listening to the sharing session, Sebung volunteers will learn to
understand the content of the story and appreciate the differences between people speakers
and themselves. That way Sebung volunteers can hone empathy from the exchange of stories
in the sharing.
Changing Perceptions
With the sharing session, volunteers' knowledge increases and they are able to
interpret the activities they do with a wider scope.
Ingratiation Tactics
Lincoln in Great Influencer (2018:61) said in every letter that, "Everyone Loves Praise",
humans have a desire to be important. Giving appreciation is one of the strategies to
maintain volunteer loyalty. This appreciation is applied throughout the series of Sebung
Bandung activities, namely briefings to sharing sessions. Appreciation carried out by
Sebung to its volunteers is divided into several forms, namely:
Praise
Compliments are not uncommon in the Sebung community. During briefings, there
are times when they get to know each other and compliment each other. This treatment has
become commonplace because it is easy for them to give compliments. That way when they
go down the street, volunteers also apply the behavior of the management to praise the
target. Praise for volunteers is also was raised during the sharing session. When volunteers
finish sharing their experiences, the person in charge always compliments them. It doesn't
stop at routine activities, during free events that are more about inter-personal
communication or small groups, Sebung administrators still familiarize themselves with the
program Themselves to deliver compliments so that Sebung volunteers will be more
comfortable talking and being open with the administrators or other Sebung members.
Trust
In the Sebung community, trust is given by the Sebung management when they feel
that the volunteer meets the predetermined criteria. Until now, the Sebung management has
given its trust to volunteers to manage Sebung activities such as being in charge of weekly
Sebung on Fridays, then monthly activities such as social experiences at the Dago Bandung
car free day, to annual activities such as Sebung Anniversary or Sebung Qurban. Therefore,
several Sebung activities are always accompanied by volunteers as organizers.
Activity Certificate
Sebung provides physical appreciation that can symbolize the participation of
volunteers in helping Sebung Bandung's activities. In addition to increasing volunteer
excitement and loyalty, this certificate is useful for Other volunteer interests such as the
need to fulfill the activities of certified activities as a requirement to graduate students or
exchange students and other needs. That way between the board and volunteers creates a
symbiotic condition of mutualism.
Personal Appeal Tactics
Florence Littauer in Great Influencer (2018: 12) says that within humans there are
different characters or personalities, so that feelings of insecurity will arise if in establishing
a relationship with others. When someone has determined to establish a relationship with
another person, personal closeness and trust between one another arise. Therefore, they can
persuade each other.
By sharing information between volunteers and administrators, they trust each other
to continue to survive in a community. The steps taken by the management itself are to
always remind all Sebung Bandung members on the WhatsApp group platform. Weekly
Sebung announcements are distributed through the group every Wednesday night. While
other announcements are distributed according to the activities held, which is no later than
three days before the activity. Then if it is seen that there are Sebung members who have not
participated in activities for more than one month, they will be contacted privately via
whatsapp chat by the Sebung public relations division. The results obtained by volunteers
become loyal because of a sense of security. They also apply again to share information as a
form of their contribution to the sustainability of the Sebung Bandung social community in
the future.
Exchange Tactics
Amin in Great Influencer (2018:59) says that feeling what others feel is extremely
difficult, requiring contemplation, an intense emotional adventure. Therefore, a person living
in this world needs a feeling adventure into other people's territory in order to care for others
more sharply. The Sebung Bandung management applies this exchange tactics factor to the
relationship between the management and volunteers. With a free event after the sharing
session, community members will freely exchange experiences, fun, and work more
intensely. Sebung administrators deliberately instill this factor so that Sebung members can
make Sebung more than just a community but can become a second home and self healing.
Sebung Bandung administrators build an atmosphere through three main topics, namely
food, love, and problems. Food and love topics are the gateway to break the ice in a forum.
Meanwhile, the topic of problems leads Sebung members, both administrators and
volunteers, to a more intense relationship. This factor causes several things in volunteers,
namely:
Similarity
Sebung Bandung's main informants are dominated by the similarity of feelings of
compatibility that arise when each volunteer feels there is something in common in the story
that was conveyed by them. The feeling of compatibility creates new things such as a sense
of gratitude, a sense of security and a sense of empathy. The feelings of compatibility felt by
Sebung volunteers are very diverse, ranging from family, personality, romantic
relationships, work and education. They find similar problems and eventually can learn from
each other, appreciate and give input to each other.
Open Attitude
The four informants who have joined the community for more than a year said they
have been open with some Sebung members whom they trust. So that they feel safe and
comfortable when telling about pleasant or sad things. Meanwhile, one main informant said
that he had not opened up to any of the Sebung volunteers or administrators because he did
not have enough time to do so.
Self Healing
Sebung is a community that can be a place for volunteers who want to heal
themselves from the burden or problems they face. The majority of Sebung volunteers are
people who are looking for a place to escape from the problems they have. This factor is
driven by the ability of Sebung's administrators to create a comfortable atmosphere and
activity time at night which makes the activity wise and meaningful.
Desire to Stay in the Community
Volunteers will stay in the Sebung community not for the reason of doing good by
sharing as the main goal, but to meet other Sebung volunteers and administrators. Sebung
volunteers consider Sebung as a family to them. Because by joining Sebung, they feel they
have found peace in themselves.
This exchange tactics factor eventually forms a sense of community or a feeling of
belonging to the Sebung Bandung community. This feeling will result in members' desire to
maintain the existence of the community in any way. One of them is by showing their
contribution in enlivening routine community activities. Sense of community has four
elements, each of which already exists and is applied to the Sebung Bandung community.
McMillan and Chavis in (Chavis, 2008) mention the four elements, namely:
Membership
Membership is the feeling that someone has invested themselves to become a
member of a community. Membership in a community has boundaries within the
community that distinguish community members from those who are not members of the
community, as well as knowing who is in the community.
The membership that distinguishes the activities of the Sebung Bandung social
community from other social communities can be seen from the activities, namely greeting
and sharing. Then for the community members themselves, Sebung members have t-shirts
and tote bags as member identities that distinguish Sebung members and members of other
communities.
Influence
Influence is the power that individuals have to influence other members and the
power of the community to influence individuals. Efforts to influence each other between
members and the community have been displayed from the entire series of Sebung Bandung
activities from briefings, taking to the streets, sharing sessions, to free events.
Shared Emotional Connection
Relationships A shared emotional connection within a community formed from
positive interactions, shared stories and shared experiences. The more people interact, the
more likely they are to form close relationships, which then leads to stronger bonds.
Members of the Sebung Bandung community, from administrators to volunteers,
have a need to share their feelings and have an emotional bond. It is shown in sharing
activities and free events that make them open and empathize with each other. The Sebung
Bandung community can survive because its community members already have the four
elements mentioned.
The five factors, namely rational persuasion, consultation tactics, ingratiation
tactics, personal appeals tactics and exchange tactics in the implementation of persuasion
communication in maintaining the loyalty of the Sebung Bandung community, are effective
because they form a community that actively contributes by participating in all Sebung
Bandung activities. In the end, a sense of community is formed in community members
which creates loyalty for Sebung Bandung community volunteers to maintain the
sustainability of the Sebung Bandung community in the future sustainability of the Sebung
community in the future.
Conclusion
Application of techniques that build persuasive communication applied by Sebung
Bandung administrators in maintaining volunteer loyalty Sebung Bandung social community
is with 1) rational tactics, which is persuasion from the first impression of meeting applied
to briefing activities, by directing volunteers based on logical reasons and data in the form of
facts, 2) consultation tactics, which is persuasion by providing facilities to develop
volunteer abilities applied to sharing session activities, by developing public speaking,
listening, empathizing and changing perceptions, 3) ingratiation tactics, which is persuading
by giving appreciation applied to the entire series of Sebung activities, by giving praise,
trust, and activity certificates, 4) personal appeal tactics, which is persuading with personal
closeness applied to sharing information, by inviting the closest friends to stay in the
community, 5) exchange tactics, which is persuading with deeper personal closeness applied
to sharing activities and free events, by creating similarity, open attitude, self healing, and
the desire to stay in the community.
Fifth techniques These five techniques create a sense of community in Sebung
Bandung community members including membership, influence, integration and fulfillment
of needs, and shared emotional connection. After a sense of community is formed, Sebung
community volunteers have the desire to contribute by participating in every Sebung
Bandung activity and ultimately form the loyalty of Sebung Bandung social community
volunteers.
Rational Persuasion
Rational action according to Weber relates to conscious consideration and the choice
that the action is expressed (Johnson, 2004: 220). Rational persuasion was implemented in
the initial series of weekly Sebung activities which took place every Friday at
20.00 WIB at the Bandung City Hall Historical Park. The activity is led by the person in
charge, which is usually taken over by the founder and co-founder of Sebung Bandung.
They started the activity with a briefing, namely a brief introduction to the Sebung
community, including the beginning of its establishment, a series of activities, and the goals
of the Sebung community itself. This was followed by an introduction to each of the
volunteers present and directions in carrying out the next series of activities. All
explanations spoken by the person in charge are always accompanied by the provision of
data or facts which are the reasons for the rules or things that Sebung community volunteers
must do.
The data and facts are obtained from the experience of the person in charge of
managing social programs or activities elsewhere. The person in charge who became the
speaker in the briefing session had two important criteria, namely credibility and
attractiveness (interest, similarity, beauty). The main objective during the briefing is to
convey a requirement for Sebung Bandung volunteers in the next series of activities, to greet
and motivate the target which is carried out for 10-15 minutes. This is a form of real
implementation of how Sebung's management conduct persuasive communication to its
volunteers. Therefore, greeting and providing motivation directed by the Sebung
management to volunteers is the first step to building volunteer loyalty. The management
provides examples and persuades with things that lead to social and humanitarian meanings.
Consultation Tactics
Dala Carnegie in Great Influencer (2018: 66) says that interest in the interlocutor can
be actualized in various ways. Even with the expression that someone is interested in
personality, experience, strengths and so on. It is also shown with body language and forms
of attention. Consultation Tactics are implemented in several series of Sebung activities, one
of which is a sharing session. The management provides a means for volunteers to be able to
hone their public speaking skills. This session was held after going to the streets at the
gathering point, Taman Sejarah. This method is in the form of an activity, where volunteers
have the opportunity to share the sharing experience that has been carried out in the down
the street session. This session was led directly by the Sebung management who was in
charge of the activity.
By forming a forum to develop public speaking skills, volunteers can not only hone
their soft skills. But they have several other abilities such as:
Public Speaking
Sebung Bandung volunteers are dominated by people with introverted personalities.
With so Sebung provides a sharing session as a platform for volunteers to develop their
public speaking skills about the stories they have. The story can be one volunteer's
experience communicating with the target or other experiences they have had in similar
social activities. The seating position when they do a sharing session is sitting in a circle and
the position of the speaker who stands where he originally sat.
Listen to
Both volunteers and administrators make themselves good listeners to the people
who are talking during the sharing session. Listening attitude from the board side can build
a good relationship with volunteers. While from the volunteers' side, it will increase their
insight and knowledge about social humanitarianism. Then loyalty will be built between
volunteers and the Sebung management itself.
Empathy
Baron and Byrne in (Asih and Pratiwi, 2010) state that empathy is the ability to feel
the emotional state of others, feel sympathetic and try to solve problems by taking other
people's perspectives. By listening to the sharing session, Sebung volunteers will learn to
understand the content of the story and appreciate the differences between people speakers
and themselves. That way Sebung volunteers can hone empathy from the exchange of stories
in the sharing.
Changing Perceptions
With the sharing session, volunteers' knowledge increases and they are able to
interpret the activities they do with a wider scope.
Ingratiation Tactics
Lincoln in Great Influencer (2018:61) said in every letter that, "Everyone Loves Praise",
humans have a desire to be important. Giving appreciation is one of the strategies to
maintain volunteer loyalty. This appreciation is applied throughout the series of Sebung
Bandung activities, namely briefings to sharing sessions. Appreciation carried out by
Sebung to its volunteers is divided into several forms, namely:
Praise
Compliments are not uncommon in the Sebung community. During briefings, there
are times when they get to know each other and compliment each other. This treatment has
become commonplace because it is easy for them to give compliments. That way when they
go down the street, volunteers also apply the behavior of the management to praise the
target. Praise for volunteers is also was raised during the sharing session. When volunteers
finish sharing their experiences, the person in charge always compliments them. It doesn't
stop at routine activities, during free events that are more about inter-personal
communication or small groups, Sebung administrators still familiarize themselves with the
program Themselves to deliver compliments so that Sebung volunteers will be more
comfortable talking and being open with the administrators or other Sebung members.
Trust
In the Sebung community, trust is given by the Sebung management when they feel
that the volunteer meets the predetermined criteria. Until now, the Sebung management has
given its trust to volunteers to manage Sebung activities such as being in charge of weekly
Sebung on Fridays, then monthly activities such as social experiences at the Dago Bandung
car free day, to annual activities such as Sebung Anniversary or Sebung Qurban. Therefore,
several Sebung activities are always accompanied by volunteers as organizers.
Activity Certificate
Sebung provides physical appreciation that can symbolize the participation of
volunteers in helping Sebung Bandung's activities. In addition to increasing volunteer
excitement and loyalty, this certificate is useful for Other volunteer interests such as the
need to fulfill the activities of certified activities as a requirement to graduate students or
exchange students and other needs. That way between the board and volunteers creates a
symbiotic condition of mutualism.
Personal Appeal Tactics
Florence Littauer in Great Influencer (2018: 12) says that within humans there are
different characters or personalities, so that feelings of insecurity will arise if in establishing
a relationship with others. When someone has determined to establish a relationship with
another person, personal closeness and trust between one another arise. Therefore, they can
persuade each other.
By sharing information between volunteers and administrators, they trust each other
to continue to survive in a community. The steps taken by the management itself are to
always remind all Sebung Bandung members on the WhatsApp group platform. Weekly
Sebung announcements are distributed through the group every Wednesday night. While
other announcements are distributed according to the activities held, which is no later than
three days before the activity. Then if it is seen that there are Sebung members who have not
participated in activities for more than one month, they will be contacted privately via
whatsapp chat by the Sebung public relations division. The results obtained by volunteers
become loyal because of a sense of security. They also apply again to share information as a
form of their contribution to the sustainability of the Sebung Bandung social community in
the future.
Exchange Tactics
Amin in Great Influencer (2018:59) says that feeling what others feel is extremely
difficult, requiring contemplation, an intense emotional adventure. Therefore, a person living
in this world needs a feeling adventure into other people's territory in order to care for others
more sharply. The Sebung Bandung management applies this exchange tactics factor to the
relationship between the management and volunteers. With a free event after the sharing
session, community members will freely exchange experiences, fun, and work more
intensely. Sebung administrators deliberately instill this factor so that Sebung members can
make Sebung more than just a community but can become a second home and self healing.
Sebung Bandung administrators build an atmosphere through three main topics, namely
food, love, and problems. Food and love topics are the gateway to break the ice in a forum.
Meanwhile, the topic of problems leads Sebung members, both administrators and
volunteers, to a more intense relationship. This factor causes several things in volunteers,
namely:
Similarity
Sebung Bandung's main informants are dominated by the similarity of feelings of
compatibility that arise when each volunteer feels there is something in common in the story
that was conveyed by them. The feeling of compatibility creates new things such as a sense
of gratitude, a sense of security and a sense of empathy. The feelings of compatibility felt by
Sebung volunteers are very diverse, ranging from family, personality, romantic
relationships, work and education. They find similar problems and eventually can learn from
each other, appreciate and give input to each other.
Open Attitude
The four informants who have joined the community for more than a year said they
have been open with some Sebung members whom they trust. So that they feel safe and
comfortable when telling about pleasant or sad things. Meanwhile, one main informant said
that he had not opened up to any of the Sebung volunteers or administrators because he did
not have enough time to do so.
Self Healing
Sebung is a community that can be a place for volunteers who want to heal
themselves from the burden or problems they face. The majority of Sebung volunteers are
people who are looking for a place to escape from the problems they have. This factor is
driven by the ability of Sebung's administrators to create a comfortable atmosphere and
activity time at night which makes the activity wise and meaningful.
Desire to Stay in the Community
Volunteers will stay in the Sebung community not for the reason of doing good by
sharing as the main goal, but to meet other Sebung volunteers and administrators. Sebung
volunteers consider Sebung as a family to them. Because by joining Sebung, they feel they
have found peace in themselves.
This exchange tactics factor eventually forms a sense of community or a feeling of
belonging to the Sebung Bandung community. This feeling will result in members' desire to
maintain the existence of the community in any way. One of them is by showing their
contribution in enlivening routine community activities. Sense of community has four
elements, each of which already exists and is applied to the Sebung Bandung community.
McMillan and Chavis in (Chavis, 2008) mention the four elements, namely:
Membership
Membership is the feeling that someone has invested themselves to become a
member of a community. Membership in a community has boundaries within the
community that distinguish community members from those who are not members of the
community, as well as knowing who is in the community.
The membership that distinguishes the activities of the Sebung Bandung social
community from other social communities can be seen from the activities, namely greeting
and sharing. Then for the community members themselves, Sebung members have t-shirts
and tote bags as member identities that distinguish Sebung members and members of other
communities.
Influence
Influence is the power that individuals have to influence other members and the
power of the community to influence individuals. Efforts to influence each other between
members and the community have been displayed from the entire series of Sebung Bandung
activities from briefings, taking to the streets, sharing sessions, to free events.
Shared Emotional Connection
Relationships A shared emotional connection within a community formed from
positive interactions, shared stories and shared experiences. The more people interact, the
more likely they are to form close relationships, which then leads to stronger bonds.
Members of the Sebung Bandung community, from administrators to volunteers,
have a need to share their feelings and have an emotional bond. It is shown in sharing
activities and free events that make them open and empathize with each other. The Sebung
Bandung community can survive because its community members already have the four
elements mentioned.
The five factors, namely rational persuasion, consultation tactics, ingratiation
tactics, personal appeals tactics and exchange tactics in the implementation of persuasion
communication in maintaining the loyalty of the Sebung Bandung community, are effective
because they form a community that actively contributes by participating in all Sebung
Bandung activities. In the end, a sense of community is formed in community members
which creates loyalty for Sebung Bandung community volunteers to maintain the
sustainability of the Sebung Bandung community in the future sustainability of the Sebung
community in the future.
Conclusion
Application of techniques that build persuasive communication applied by Sebung
Bandung administrators in maintaining volunteer loyalty Sebung Bandung social community
is with 1) rational tactics, which is persuasion from the first impression of meeting applied
to briefing activities, by directing volunteers based on logical reasons and data in the form of
facts, 2) consultation tactics, which is persuasion by providing facilities to develop
volunteer abilities applied to sharing session activities, by developing public speaking,
listening, empathizing and changing perceptions, 3) ingratiation tactics, which is persuading
by giving appreciation applied to the entire series of Sebung activities, by giving praise,
trust, and activity certificates, 4) personal appeal tactics, which is persuading with personal
closeness applied to sharing information, by inviting the closest friends to stay in the
community, 5) exchange tactics, which is persuading with deeper personal closeness applied
to sharing activities and free events, by creating similarity, open attitude, self healing, and
the desire to stay in the community.
Fifth techniques These five techniques create a sense of community in Sebung
Bandung community members including membership, influence, integration and fulfillment
of needs, and shared emotional connection. After a sense of community is formed, Sebung
community volunteers have the desire to contribute by participating in every Sebung
Bandung activity and ultimately form the loyalty of Sebung Bandung social community
volunteers.
Rational Persuasion
Rational action according to Weber relates to conscious consideration and the choice
that the action is expressed (Johnson, 2004: 220). Rational persuasion was implemented in
the initial series of weekly Sebung activities which took place every Friday at
20.00 WIB at the Bandung City Hall Historical Park. The activity is led by the person in
charge, which is usually taken over by the founder and co-founder of Sebung Bandung.
They started the activity with a briefing, namely a brief introduction to the Sebung
community, including the beginning of its establishment, a series of activities, and the goals
of the Sebung community itself. This was followed by an introduction to each of the
volunteers present and directions in carrying out the next series of activities. All
explanations spoken by the person in charge are always accompanied by the provision of
data or facts which are the reasons for the rules or things that Sebung community volunteers
must do.
The data and facts are obtained from the experience of the person in charge of
managing social programs or activities elsewhere. The person in charge who became the
speaker in the briefing session had two important criteria, namely credibility and
attractiveness (interest, similarity, beauty). The main objective during the briefing is to
convey a requirement for Sebung Bandung volunteers in the next series of activities, to greet
and motivate the target which is carried out for 10-15 minutes. This is a form of real
implementation of how Sebung's management conduct persuasive communication to its
volunteers. Therefore, greeting and providing motivation directed by the Sebung
management to volunteers is the first step to building volunteer loyalty. The management
provides examples and persuades with things that lead to social and humanitarian meanings.
Consultation Tactics
Dala Carnegie in Great Influencer (2018: 66) says that interest in the interlocutor can
be actualized in various ways. Even with the expression that someone is interested in
personality, experience, strengths and so on. It is also shown with body language and forms
of attention. Consultation Tactics are implemented in several series of Sebung activities, one
of which is a sharing session. The management provides a means for volunteers to be able to
hone their public speaking skills. This session was held after going to the streets at the
gathering point, Taman Sejarah. This method is in the form of an activity, where volunteers
have the opportunity to share the sharing experience that has been carried out in the down
the street session. This session was led directly by the Sebung management who was in
charge of the activity.
By forming a forum to develop public speaking skills, volunteers can not only hone
their soft skills. But they have several other abilities such as:
Public Speaking
Sebung Bandung volunteers are dominated by people with introverted personalities.
With so Sebung provides a sharing session as a platform for volunteers to develop their
public speaking skills about the stories they have. The story can be one volunteer's
experience communicating with the target or other experiences they have had in similar
social activities. The seating position when they do a sharing session is sitting in a circle and
the position of the speaker who stands where he originally sat.
Listen to
Both volunteers and administrators make themselves good listeners to the people
who are talking during the sharing session. Listening attitude from the board side can build
a good relationship with volunteers. While from the volunteers' side, it will increase their
insight and knowledge about social humanitarianism. Then loyalty will be built between
volunteers and the Sebung management itself.
Empathy
Baron and Byrne in (Asih and Pratiwi, 2010) state that empathy is the ability to feel
the emotional state of others, feel sympathetic and try to solve problems by taking other
people's perspectives. By listening to the sharing session, Sebung volunteers will learn to
understand the content of the story and appreciate the differences between people speakers
and themselves. That way Sebung volunteers can hone empathy from the exchange of stories
in the sharing.
Changing Perceptions
With the sharing session, volunteers' knowledge increases and they are able to
interpret the activities they do with a wider scope.
Ingratiation Tactics
Lincoln in Great Influencer (2018:61) said in every letter that, "Everyone Loves Praise",
humans have a desire to be important. Giving appreciation is one of the strategies to
maintain volunteer loyalty. This appreciation is applied throughout the series of Sebung
Bandung activities, namely briefings to sharing sessions. Appreciation carried out by
Sebung to its volunteers is divided into several forms, namely:
Praise
Compliments are not uncommon in the Sebung community. During briefings, there
are times when they get to know each other and compliment each other. This treatment has
become commonplace because it is easy for them to give compliments. That way when they
go down the street, volunteers also apply the behavior of the management to praise the
target. Praise for volunteers is also was raised during the sharing session. When volunteers
finish sharing their experiences, the person in charge always compliments them. It doesn't
stop at routine activities, during free events that are more about inter-personal
communication or small groups, Sebung administrators still familiarize themselves with the
program Themselves to deliver compliments so that Sebung volunteers will be more
comfortable talking and being open with the administrators or other Sebung members.
Trust
In the Sebung community, trust is given by the Sebung management when they feel
that the volunteer meets the predetermined criteria. Until now, the Sebung management has
given its trust to volunteers to manage Sebung activities such as being in charge of weekly
Sebung on Fridays, then monthly activities such as social experiences at the Dago Bandung
car free day, to annual activities such as Sebung Anniversary or Sebung Qurban. Therefore,
several Sebung activities are always accompanied by volunteers as organizers.
Activity Certificate
Sebung provides physical appreciation that can symbolize the participation of
volunteers in helping Sebung Bandung's activities. In addition to increasing volunteer
excitement and loyalty, this certificate is useful for Other volunteer interests such as the
need to fulfill the activities of certified activities as a requirement to graduate students or
exchange students and other needs. That way between the board and volunteers creates a
symbiotic condition of mutualism.
Personal Appeal Tactics
Florence Littauer in Great Influencer (2018: 12) says that within humans there are
different characters or personalities, so that feelings of insecurity will arise if in establishing
a relationship with others. When someone has determined to establish a relationship with
another person, personal closeness and trust between one another arise. Therefore, they can
persuade each other.
By sharing information between volunteers and administrators, they trust each other
to continue to survive in a community. The steps taken by the management itself are to
always remind all Sebung Bandung members on the WhatsApp group platform. Weekly
Sebung announcements are distributed through the group every Wednesday night. While
other announcements are distributed according to the activities held, which is no later than
three days before the activity. Then if it is seen that there are Sebung members who have not
participated in activities for more than one month, they will be contacted privately via
whatsapp chat by the Sebung public relations division. The results obtained by volunteers
become loyal because of a sense of security. They also apply again to share information as a
form of their contribution to the sustainability of the Sebung Bandung social community in
the future.
Exchange Tactics
Amin in Great Influencer (2018:59) says that feeling what others feel is extremely
difficult, requiring contemplation, an intense emotional adventure. Therefore, a person living
in this world needs a feeling adventure into other people's territory in order to care for others
more sharply. The Sebung Bandung management applies this exchange tactics factor to the
relationship between the management and volunteers. With a free event after the sharing
session, community members will freely exchange experiences, fun, and work more
intensely. Sebung administrators deliberately instill this factor so that Sebung members can
make Sebung more than just a community but can become a second home and self healing.
Sebung Bandung administrators build an atmosphere through three main topics, namely
food, love, and problems. Food and love topics are the gateway to break the ice in a forum.
Meanwhile, the topic of problems leads Sebung members, both administrators and
volunteers, to a more intense relationship. This factor causes several things in volunteers,
namely:
Similarity
Sebung Bandung's main informants are dominated by the similarity of feelings of
compatibility that arise when each volunteer feels there is something in common in the story
that was conveyed by them. The feeling of compatibility creates new things such as a sense
of gratitude, a sense of security and a sense of empathy. The feelings of compatibility felt by
Sebung volunteers are very diverse, ranging from family, personality, romantic
relationships, work and education. They find similar problems and eventually can learn from
each other, appreciate and give input to each other.
Open Attitude
The four informants who have joined the community for more than a year said they
have been open with some Sebung members whom they trust. So that they feel safe and
comfortable when telling about pleasant or sad things. Meanwhile, one main informant said
that he had not opened up to any of the Sebung volunteers or administrators because he did
not have enough time to do so.
Self Healing
Sebung is a community that can be a place for volunteers who want to heal
themselves from the burden or problems they face. The majority of Sebung volunteers are
people who are looking for a place to escape from the problems they have. This factor is
driven by the ability of Sebung's administrators to create a comfortable atmosphere and
activity time at night which makes the activity wise and meaningful.
Desire to Stay in the Community
Volunteers will stay in the Sebung community not for the reason of doing good by
sharing as the main goal, but to meet other Sebung volunteers and administrators. Sebung
volunteers consider Sebung as a family to them. Because by joining Sebung, they feel they
have found peace in themselves.
This exchange tactics factor eventually forms a sense of community or a feeling of
belonging to the Sebung Bandung community. This feeling will result in members' desire to
maintain the existence of the community in any way. One of them is by showing their
contribution in enlivening routine community activities. Sense of community has four
elements, each of which already exists and is applied to the Sebung Bandung community.
McMillan and Chavis in (Chavis, 2008) mention the four elements, namely:
Membership
Membership is the feeling that someone has invested themselves to become a
member of a community. Membership in a community has boundaries within the
community that distinguish community members from those who are not members of the
community, as well as knowing who is in the community.
The membership that distinguishes the activities of the Sebung Bandung social
community from other social communities can be seen from the activities, namely greeting
and sharing. Then for the community members themselves, Sebung members have t-shirts
and tote bags as member identities that distinguish Sebung members and members of other
communities.
Influence
Influence is the power that individuals have to influence other members and the
power of the community to influence individuals. Efforts to influence each other between
members and the community have been displayed from the entire series of Sebung Bandung
activities from briefings, taking to the streets, sharing sessions, to free events.
Shared Emotional Connection
Relationships A shared emotional connection within a community formed from
positive interactions, shared stories and shared experiences. The more people interact, the
more likely they are to form close relationships, which then leads to stronger bonds.
Members of the Sebung Bandung community, from administrators to volunteers,
have a need to share their feelings and have an emotional bond. It is shown in sharing
activities and free events that make them open and empathize with each other. The Sebung
Bandung community can survive because its community members already have the four
elements mentioned.
The five factors, namely rational persuasion, consultation tactics, ingratiation
tactics, personal appeals tactics and exchange tactics in the implementation of persuasion
communication in maintaining the loyalty of the Sebung Bandung community, are effective
because they form a community that actively contributes by participating in all Sebung
Bandung activities. In the end, a sense of community is formed in community members
which creates loyalty for Sebung Bandung community volunteers to maintain the
sustainability of the Sebung Bandung community in the future sustainability of the Sebung
community in the future.
Conclusion
Application of techniques that build persuasive communication applied by Sebung
Bandung administrators in maintaining volunteer loyalty Sebung Bandung social community
is with 1) rational tactics, which is persuasion from the first impression of meeting applied
to briefing activities, by directing volunteers based on logical reasons and data in the form of
facts, 2) consultation tactics, which is persuasion by providing facilities to develop
volunteer abilities applied to sharing session activities, by developing public speaking,
listening, empathizing and changing perceptions, 3) ingratiation tactics, which is persuading
by giving appreciation applied to the entire series of Sebung activities, by giving praise,
trust, and activity certificates, 4) personal appeal tactics, which is persuading with personal
closeness applied to sharing information, by inviting the closest friends to stay in the
community, 5) exchange tactics, which is persuading with deeper personal closeness applied
to sharing activities and free events, by creating similarity, open attitude, self healing, and
the desire to stay in the community.
Fifth techniques These five techniques create a sense of community in Sebung
Bandung community members including membership, influence, integration and fulfillment
of needs, and shared emotional connection. After a sense of community is formed, Sebung
community volunteers have the desire to contribute by participating in every Sebung
Bandung activity and ultimately form the loyalty of Sebung Bandung social community
volunteers.
Rational Persuasion
Rational action according to Weber relates to conscious consideration and the choice
that the action is expressed (Johnson, 2004: 220). Rational persuasion was implemented in
the initial series of weekly Sebung activities which took place every Friday at
20.00 WIB at the Bandung City Hall Historical Park. The activity is led by the person in
charge, which is usually taken over by the founder and co-founder of Sebung Bandung.
They started the activity with a briefing, namely a brief introduction to the Sebung
community, including the beginning of its establishment, a series of activities, and the goals
of the Sebung community itself. This was followed by an introduction to each of the
volunteers present and directions in carrying out the next series of activities. All
explanations spoken by the person in charge are always accompanied by the provision of
data or facts which are the reasons for the rules or things that Sebung community volunteers
must do.
The data and facts are obtained from the experience of the person in charge of
managing social programs or activities elsewhere. The person in charge who became the
speaker in the briefing session had two important criteria, namely credibility and
attractiveness (interest, similarity, beauty). The main objective during the briefing is to
convey a requirement for Sebung Bandung volunteers in the next series of activities, to greet
and motivate the target which is carried out for 10-15 minutes. This is a form of real
implementation of how Sebung's management conduct persuasive communication to its
volunteers. Therefore, greeting and providing motivation directed by the Sebung
management to volunteers is the first step to building volunteer loyalty. The management
provides examples and persuades with things that lead to social and humanitarian meanings.
Consultation Tactics
Dala Carnegie in Great Influencer (2018: 66) says that interest in the interlocutor can
be actualized in various ways. Even with the expression that someone is interested in
personality, experience, strengths and so on. It is also shown with body language and forms
of attention. Consultation Tactics are implemented in several series of Sebung activities, one
of which is a sharing session. The management provides a means for volunteers to be able to
hone their public speaking skills. This session was held after going to the streets at the
gathering point, Taman Sejarah. This method is in the form of an activity, where volunteers
have the opportunity to share the sharing experience that has been carried out in the down
the street session. This session was led directly by the Sebung management who was in
charge of the activity.
By forming a forum to develop public speaking skills, volunteers can not only hone
their soft skills. But they have several other abilities such as:
Public Speaking
Sebung Bandung volunteers are dominated by people with introverted personalities.
With so Sebung provides a sharing session as a platform for volunteers to develop their
public speaking skills about the stories they have. The story can be one volunteer's
experience communicating with the target or other experiences they have had in similar
social activities. The seating position when they do a sharing session is sitting in a circle and
the position of the speaker who stands where he originally sat.
Listen to
Both volunteers and administrators make themselves good listeners to the people
who are talking during the sharing session. Listening attitude from the board side can build
a good relationship with volunteers. While from the volunteers' side, it will increase their
insight and knowledge about social humanitarianism. Then loyalty will be built between
volunteers and the Sebung management itself.
Empathy
Baron and Byrne in (Asih and Pratiwi, 2010) state that empathy is the ability to feel
the emotional state of others, feel sympathetic and try to solve problems by taking other
people's perspectives. By listening to the sharing session, Sebung volunteers will learn to
understand the content of the story and appreciate the differences between people speakers
and themselves. That way Sebung volunteers can hone empathy from the exchange of stories
in the sharing.
Changing Perceptions
With the sharing session, volunteers' knowledge increases and they are able to
interpret the activities they do with a wider scope.
Ingratiation Tactics
Lincoln in Great Influencer (2018:61) said in every letter that, "Everyone Loves Praise",
humans have a desire to be important. Giving appreciation is one of the strategies to
maintain volunteer loyalty. This appreciation is applied throughout the series of Sebung
Bandung activities, namely briefings to sharing sessions. Appreciation carried out by
Sebung to its volunteers is divided into several forms, namely:
Praise
Compliments are not uncommon in the Sebung community. During briefings, there
are times when they get to know each other and compliment each other. This treatment has
become commonplace because it is easy for them to give compliments. That way when they
go down the street, volunteers also apply the behavior of the management to praise the
target. Praise for volunteers is also was raised during the sharing session. When volunteers
finish sharing their experiences, the person in charge always compliments them. It doesn't
stop at routine activities, during free events that are more about inter-personal
communication or small groups, Sebung administrators still familiarize themselves with the
program Themselves to deliver compliments so that Sebung volunteers will be more
comfortable talking and being open with the administrators or other Sebung members.
Trust
In the Sebung community, trust is given by the Sebung management when they feel
that the volunteer meets the predetermined criteria. Until now, the Sebung management has
given its trust to volunteers to manage Sebung activities such as being in charge of weekly
Sebung on Fridays, then monthly activities such as social experiences at the Dago Bandung
car free day, to annual activities such as Sebung Anniversary or Sebung Qurban. Therefore,
several Sebung activities are always accompanied by volunteers as organizers.
Activity Certificate
Sebung provides physical appreciation that can symbolize the participation of
volunteers in helping Sebung Bandung's activities. In addition to increasing volunteer
excitement and loyalty, this certificate is useful for Other volunteer interests such as the
need to fulfill the activities of certified activities as a requirement to graduate students or
exchange students and other needs. That way between the board and volunteers creates a
symbiotic condition of mutualism.
Personal Appeal Tactics
Florence Littauer in Great Influencer (2018: 12) says that within humans there are
different characters or personalities, so that feelings of insecurity will arise if in establishing
a relationship with others. When someone has determined to establish a relationship with
another person, personal closeness and trust between one another arise. Therefore, they can
persuade each other.
By sharing information between volunteers and administrators, they trust each other
to continue to survive in a community. The steps taken by the management itself are to
always remind all Sebung Bandung members on the WhatsApp group platform. Weekly
Sebung announcements are distributed through the group every Wednesday night. While
other announcements are distributed according to the activities held, which is no later than
three days before the activity. Then if it is seen that there are Sebung members who have not
participated in activities for more than one month, they will be contacted privately via
whatsapp chat by the Sebung public relations division. The results obtained by volunteers
become loyal because of a sense of security. They also apply again to share information as a
form of their contribution to the sustainability of the Sebung Bandung social community in
the future.
Exchange Tactics
Amin in Great Influencer (2018:59) says that feeling what others feel is extremely
difficult, requiring contemplation, an intense emotional adventure. Therefore, a person living
in this world needs a feeling adventure into other people's territory in order to care for others
more sharply. The Sebung Bandung management applies this exchange tactics factor to the
relationship between the management and volunteers. With a free event after the sharing
session, community members will freely exchange experiences, fun, and work more
intensely. Sebung administrators deliberately instill this factor so that Sebung members can
make Sebung more than just a community but can become a second home and self healing.
Sebung Bandung administrators build an atmosphere through three main topics, namely
food, love, and problems. Food and love topics are the gateway to break the ice in a forum.
Meanwhile, the topic of problems leads Sebung members, both administrators and
volunteers, to a more intense relationship. This factor causes several things in volunteers,
namely:
Similarity
Sebung Bandung's main informants are dominated by the similarity of feelings of
compatibility that arise when each volunteer feels there is something in common in the story
that was conveyed by them. The feeling of compatibility creates new things such as a sense
of gratitude, a sense of security and a sense of empathy. The feelings of compatibility felt by
Sebung volunteers are very diverse, ranging from family, personality, romantic
relationships, work and education. They find similar problems and eventually can learn from
each other, appreciate and give input to each other.
Open Attitude
The four informants who have joined the community for more than a year said they
have been open with some Sebung members whom they trust. So that they feel safe and
comfortable when telling about pleasant or sad things. Meanwhile, one main informant said
that he had not opened up to any of the Sebung volunteers or administrators because he did
not have enough time to do so.
Self Healing
Sebung is a community that can be a place for volunteers who want to heal
themselves from the burden or problems they face. The majority of Sebung volunteers are
people who are looking for a place to escape from the problems they have. This factor is
driven by the ability of Sebung's administrators to create a comfortable atmosphere and
activity time at night which makes the activity wise and meaningful.
Desire to Stay in the Community
Volunteers will stay in the Sebung community not for the reason of doing good by
sharing as the main goal, but to meet other Sebung volunteers and administrators. Sebung
volunteers consider Sebung as a family to them. Because by joining Sebung, they feel they
have found peace in themselves.
This exchange tactics factor eventually forms a sense of community or a feeling of
belonging to the Sebung Bandung community. This feeling will result in members' desire to
maintain the existence of the community in any way. One of them is by showing their
contribution in enlivening routine community activities. Sense of community has four
elements, each of which already exists and is applied to the Sebung Bandung community.
McMillan and Chavis in (Chavis, 2008) mention the four elements, namely:
Membership
Membership is the feeling that someone has invested themselves to become a
member of a community. Membership in a community has boundaries within the
community that distinguish community members from those who are not members of the
community, as well as knowing who is in the community.
The membership that distinguishes the activities of the Sebung Bandung social
community from other social communities can be seen from the activities, namely greeting
and sharing. Then for the community members themselves, Sebung members have t-shirts
and tote bags as member identities that distinguish Sebung members and members of other
communities.
Influence
Influence is the power that individuals have to influence other members and the
power of the community to influence individuals. Efforts to influence each other between
members and the community have been displayed from the entire series of Sebung Bandung
activities from briefings, taking to the streets, sharing sessions, to free events.
Shared Emotional Connection
Relationships A shared emotional connection within a community formed from
positive interactions, shared stories and shared experiences. The more people interact, the
more likely they are to form close relationships, which then leads to stronger bonds.
Members of the Sebung Bandung community, from administrators to volunteers,
have a need to share their feelings and have an emotional bond. It is shown in sharing
activities and free events that make them open and empathize with each other. The Sebung
Bandung community can survive because its community members already have the four
elements mentioned.
The five factors, namely rational persuasion, consultation tactics, ingratiation
tactics, personal appeals tactics and exchange tactics in the implementation of persuasion
communication in maintaining the loyalty of the Sebung Bandung community, are effective
because they form a community that actively contributes by participating in all Sebung
Bandung activities. In the end, a sense of community is formed in community members
which creates loyalty for Sebung Bandung community volunteers to maintain the
sustainability of the Sebung Bandung community in the future sustainability of the Sebung
community in the future.
Conclusion
Application of techniques that build persuasive communication applied by Sebung
Bandung administrators in maintaining volunteer loyalty Sebung Bandung social community
is with 1) rational tactics, which is persuasion from the first impression of meeting applied
to briefing activities, by directing volunteers based on logical reasons and data in the form of
facts, 2) consultation tactics, which is persuasion by providing facilities to develop
volunteer abilities applied to sharing session activities, by developing public speaking,
listening, empathizing and changing perceptions, 3) ingratiation tactics, which is persuading
by giving appreciation applied to the entire series of Sebung activities, by giving praise,
trust, and activity certificates, 4) personal appeal tactics, which is persuading with personal
closeness applied to sharing information, by inviting the closest friends to stay in the
community, 5) exchange tactics, which is persuading with deeper personal closeness applied
to sharing activities and free events, by creating similarity, open attitude, self healing, and
the desire to stay in the community.
Fifth techniques These five techniques create a sense of community in Sebung
Bandung community members including membership, influence, integration and fulfillment
of needs, and shared emotional connection. After a sense of community is formed, Sebung
community volunteers have the desire to contribute by participating in every Sebung
Bandung activity and ultimately form the loyalty of Sebung Bandung social community
volunteers.
Rational Persuasion
Rational action according to Weber relates to conscious consideration and the choice
that the action is expressed (Johnson, 2004: 220). Rational persuasion was implemented in
the initial series of weekly Sebung activities which took place every Friday at
20.00 WIB at the Bandung City Hall Historical Park. The activity is led by the person in
charge, which is usually taken over by the founder and co-founder of Sebung Bandung.
They started the activity with a briefing, namely a brief introduction to the Sebung
community, including the beginning of its establishment, a series of activities, and the goals
of the Sebung community itself. This was followed by an introduction to each of the
volunteers present and directions in carrying out the next series of activities. All
explanations spoken by the person in charge are always accompanied by the provision of
data or facts which are the reasons for the rules or things that Sebung community volunteers
must do.
The data and facts are obtained from the experience of the person in charge of
managing social programs or activities elsewhere. The person in charge who became the
speaker in the briefing session had two important criteria, namely credibility and
attractiveness (interest, similarity, beauty). The main objective during the briefing is to
convey a requirement for Sebung Bandung volunteers in the next series of activities, to greet
and motivate the target which is carried out for 10-15 minutes. This is a form of real
implementation of how Sebung's management conduct persuasive communication to its
volunteers. Therefore, greeting and providing motivation directed by the Sebung
management to volunteers is the first step to building volunteer loyalty. The management
provides examples and persuades with things that lead to social and humanitarian meanings.
Consultation Tactics
Dala Carnegie in Great Influencer (2018: 66) says that interest in the interlocutor can
be actualized in various ways. Even with the expression that someone is interested in
personality, experience, strengths and so on. It is also shown with body language and forms
of attention. Consultation Tactics are implemented in several series of Sebung activities, one
of which is a sharing session. The management provides a means for volunteers to be able to
hone their public speaking skills. This session was held after going to the streets at the
gathering point, Taman Sejarah. This method is in the form of an activity, where volunteers
have the opportunity to share the sharing experience that has been carried out in the down
the street session. This session was led directly by the Sebung management who was in
charge of the activity.
By forming a forum to develop public speaking skills, volunteers can not only hone
their soft skills. But they have several other abilities such as:
Public Speaking
Sebung Bandung volunteers are dominated by people with introverted personalities.
With so Sebung provides a sharing session as a platform for volunteers to develop their
public speaking skills about the stories they have. The story can be one volunteer's
experience communicating with the target or other experiences they have had in similar
social activities. The seating position when they do a sharing session is sitting in a circle and
the position of the speaker who stands where he originally sat.
Listen to
Both volunteers and administrators make themselves good listeners to the people
who are talking during the sharing session. Listening attitude from the board side can build
a good relationship with volunteers. While from the volunteers' side, it will increase their
insight and knowledge about social humanitarianism. Then loyalty will be built between
volunteers and the Sebung management itself.
Empathy
Baron and Byrne in (Asih and Pratiwi, 2010) state that empathy is the ability to feel
the emotional state of others, feel sympathetic and try to solve problems by taking other
people's perspectives. By listening to the sharing session, Sebung volunteers will learn to
understand the content of the story and appreciate the differences between people speakers
and themselves. That way Sebung volunteers can hone empathy from the exchange of stories
in the sharing.
Changing Perceptions
With the sharing session, volunteers' knowledge increases and they are able to
interpret the activities they do with a wider scope.
Ingratiation Tactics
Lincoln in Great Influencer (2018:61) said in every letter that, "Everyone Loves Praise",
humans have a desire to be important. Giving appreciation is one of the strategies to
maintain volunteer loyalty. This appreciation is applied throughout the series of Sebung
Bandung activities, namely briefings to sharing sessions. Appreciation carried out by
Sebung to its volunteers is divided into several forms, namely:
Praise
Compliments are not uncommon in the Sebung community. During briefings, there
are times when they get to know each other and compliment each other. This treatment has
become commonplace because it is easy for them to give compliments. That way when they
go down the street, volunteers also apply the behavior of the management to praise the
target. Praise for volunteers is also was raised during the sharing session. When volunteers
finish sharing their experiences, the person in charge always compliments them. It doesn't
stop at routine activities, during free events that are more about inter-personal
communication or small groups, Sebung administrators still familiarize themselves with the
program Themselves to deliver compliments so that Sebung volunteers will be more
comfortable talking and being open with the administrators or other Sebung members.
Trust
In the Sebung community, trust is given by the Sebung management when they feel
that the volunteer meets the predetermined criteria. Until now, the Sebung management has
given its trust to volunteers to manage Sebung activities such as being in charge of weekly
Sebung on Fridays, then monthly activities such as social experiences at the Dago Bandung
car free day, to annual activities such as Sebung Anniversary or Sebung Qurban. Therefore,
several Sebung activities are always accompanied by volunteers as organizers.
Activity Certificate
Sebung provides physical appreciation that can symbolize the participation of
volunteers in helping Sebung Bandung's activities. In addition to increasing volunteer
excitement and loyalty, this certificate is useful for Other volunteer interests such as the
need to fulfill the activities of certified activities as a requirement to graduate students or
exchange students and other needs. That way between the board and volunteers creates a
symbiotic condition of mutualism.
Personal Appeal Tactics
Florence Littauer in Great Influencer (2018: 12) says that within humans there are
different characters or personalities, so that feelings of insecurity will arise if in establishing
a relationship with others. When someone has determined to establish a relationship with
another person, personal closeness and trust between one another arise. Therefore, they can
persuade each other.
By sharing information between volunteers and administrators, they trust each other
to continue to survive in a community. The steps taken by the management itself are to
always remind all Sebung Bandung members on the WhatsApp group platform. Weekly
Sebung announcements are distributed through the group every Wednesday night. While
other announcements are distributed according to the activities held, which is no later than
three days before the activity. Then if it is seen that there are Sebung members who have not
participated in activities for more than one month, they will be contacted privately via
whatsapp chat by the Sebung public relations division. The results obtained by volunteers
become loyal because of a sense of security. They also apply again to share information as a
form of their contribution to the sustainability of the Sebung Bandung social community in
the future.
Exchange Tactics
Amin in Great Influencer (2018:59) says that feeling what others feel is extremely
difficult, requiring contemplation, an intense emotional adventure. Therefore, a person living
in this world needs a feeling adventure into other people's territory in order to care for others
more sharply. The Sebung Bandung management applies this exchange tactics factor to the
relationship between the management and volunteers. With a free event after the sharing
session, community members will freely exchange experiences, fun, and work more
intensely. Sebung administrators deliberately instill this factor so that Sebung members can
make Sebung more than just a community but can become a second home and self healing.
Sebung Bandung administrators build an atmosphere through three main topics, namely
food, love, and problems. Food and love topics are the gateway to break the ice in a forum.
Meanwhile, the topic of problems leads Sebung members, both administrators and
volunteers, to a more intense relationship. This factor causes several things in volunteers,
namely:
Similarity
Sebung Bandung's main informants are dominated by the similarity of feelings of
compatibility that arise when each volunteer feels there is something in common in the story
that was conveyed by them. The feeling of compatibility creates new things such as a sense
of gratitude, a sense of security and a sense of empathy. The feelings of compatibility felt by
Sebung volunteers are very diverse, ranging from family, personality, romantic
relationships, work and education. They find similar problems and eventually can learn from
each other, appreciate and give input to each other.
Open Attitude
The four informants who have joined the community for more than a year said they
have been open with some Sebung members whom they trust. So that they feel safe and
comfortable when telling about pleasant or sad things. Meanwhile, one main informant said
that he had not opened up to any of the Sebung volunteers or administrators because he did
not have enough time to do so.
Self Healing
Sebung is a community that can be a place for volunteers who want to heal
themselves from the burden or problems they face. The majority of Sebung volunteers are
people who are looking for a place to escape from the problems they have. This factor is
driven by the ability of Sebung's administrators to create a comfortable atmosphere and
activity time at night which makes the activity wise and meaningful.
Desire to Stay in the Community
Volunteers will stay in the Sebung community not for the reason of doing good by
sharing as the main goal, but to meet other Sebung volunteers and administrators. Sebung
volunteers consider Sebung as a family to them. Because by joining Sebung, they feel they
have found peace in themselves.
This exchange tactics factor eventually forms a sense of community or a feeling of
belonging to the Sebung Bandung community. This feeling will result in members' desire to
maintain the existence of the community in any way. One of them is by showing their
contribution in enlivening routine community activities. Sense of community has four
elements, each of which already exists and is applied to the Sebung Bandung community.
McMillan and Chavis in (Chavis, 2008) mention the four elements, namely:
Membership
Membership is the feeling that someone has invested themselves to become a
member of a community. Membership in a community has boundaries within the
community that distinguish community members from those who are not members of the
community, as well as knowing who is in the community.
The membership that distinguishes the activities of the Sebung Bandung social
community from other social communities can be seen from the activities, namely greeting
and sharing. Then for the community members themselves, Sebung members have t-shirts
and tote bags as member identities that distinguish Sebung members and members of other
communities.
Influence
Influence is the power that individuals have to influence other members and the
power of the community to influence individuals. Efforts to influence each other between
members and the community have been displayed from the entire series of Sebung Bandung
activities from briefings, taking to the streets, sharing sessions, to free events.
Shared Emotional Connection
Relationships A shared emotional connection within a community formed from
positive interactions, shared stories and shared experiences. The more people interact, the
more likely they are to form close relationships, which then leads to stronger bonds.
Members of the Sebung Bandung community, from administrators to volunteers,
have a need to share their feelings and have an emotional bond. It is shown in sharing
activities and free events that make them open and empathize with each other. The Sebung
Bandung community can survive because its community members already have the four
elements mentioned.
The five factors, namely rational persuasion, consultation tactics, ingratiation
tactics, personal appeals tactics and exchange tactics in the implementation of persuasion
communication in maintaining the loyalty of the Sebung Bandung community, are effective
because they form a community that actively contributes by participating in all Sebung
Bandung activities. In the end, a sense of community is formed in community members
which creates loyalty for Sebung Bandung community volunteers to maintain the
sustainability of the Sebung Bandung community in the future sustainability of the Sebung
community in the future.
Conclusion
Application of techniques that build persuasive communication applied by Sebung
Bandung administrators in maintaining volunteer loyalty Sebung Bandung social community
is with 1) rational tactics, which is persuasion from the first impression of meeting applied
to briefing activities, by directing volunteers based on logical reasons and data in the form of
facts, 2) consultation tactics, which is persuasion by providing facilities to develop
volunteer abilities applied to sharing session activities, by developing public speaking,
listening, empathizing and changing perceptions, 3) ingratiation tactics, which is persuading
by giving appreciation applied to the entire series of Sebung activities, by giving praise,
trust, and activity certificates, 4) personal appeal tactics, which is persuading with personal
closeness applied to sharing information, by inviting the closest friends to stay in the
community, 5) exchange tactics, which is persuading with deeper personal closeness applied
to sharing activities and free events, by creating similarity, open attitude, self healing, and
the desire to stay in the community.
Fifth techniques These five techniques create a sense of community in Sebung
Bandung community members including membership, influence, integration and fulfillment
of needs, and shared emotional connection. After a sense of community is formed, Sebung
community volunteers have the desire to contribute by participating in every Sebung
Bandung activity and ultimately form the loyalty of Sebung Bandung social community
volunteers.
Rational Persuasion
Rational action according to Weber relates to conscious consideration and the choice
that the action is expressed (Johnson, 2004: 220). Rational persuasion was implemented in
the initial series of weekly Sebung activities which took place every Friday at
20.00 WIB at the Bandung City Hall Historical Park. The activity is led by the person in
charge, which is usually taken over by the founder and co-founder of Sebung Bandung.
They started the activity with a briefing, namely a brief introduction to the Sebung
community, including the beginning of its establishment, a series of activities, and the goals
of the Sebung community itself. This was followed by an introduction to each of the
volunteers present and directions in carrying out the next series of activities. All
explanations spoken by the person in charge are always accompanied by the provision of
data or facts which are the reasons for the rules or things that Sebung community volunteers
must do.
The data and facts are obtained from the experience of the person in charge of
managing social programs or activities elsewhere. The person in charge who became the
speaker in the briefing session had two important criteria, namely credibility and
attractiveness (interest, similarity, beauty). The main objective during the briefing is to
convey a requirement for Sebung Bandung volunteers in the next series of activities, to greet
and motivate the target which is carried out for 10-15 minutes. This is a form of real
implementation of how Sebung's management conduct persuasive communication to its
volunteers. Therefore, greeting and providing motivation directed by the Sebung
management to volunteers is the first step to building volunteer loyalty. The management
provides examples and persuades with things that lead to social and humanitarian meanings.
Consultation Tactics
Dala Carnegie in Great Influencer (2018: 66) says that interest in the interlocutor can
be actualized in various ways. Even with the expression that someone is interested in
personality, experience, strengths and so on. It is also shown with body language and forms
of attention. Consultation Tactics are implemented in several series of Sebung activities, one
of which is a sharing session. The management provides a means for volunteers to be able to
hone their public speaking skills. This session was held after going to the streets at the
gathering point, Taman Sejarah. This method is in the form of an activity, where volunteers
have the opportunity to share the sharing experience that has been carried out in the down
the street session. This session was led directly by the Sebung management who was in
charge of the activity.
By forming a forum to develop public speaking skills, volunteers can not only hone
their soft skills. But they have several other abilities such as:
Public Speaking
Sebung Bandung volunteers are dominated by people with introverted personalities.
With so Sebung provides a sharing session as a platform for volunteers to develop their
public speaking skills about the stories they have. The story can be one volunteer's
experience communicating with the target or other experiences they have had in similar
social activities. The seating position when they do a sharing session is sitting in a circle and
the position of the speaker who stands where he originally sat.
Listen to
Both volunteers and administrators make themselves good listeners to the people
who are talking during the sharing session. Listening attitude from the board side can build
a good relationship with volunteers. While from the volunteers' side, it will increase their
insight and knowledge about social humanitarianism. Then loyalty will be built between
volunteers and the Sebung management itself.
Empathy
Baron and Byrne in (Asih and Pratiwi, 2010) state that empathy is the ability to feel
the emotional state of others, feel sympathetic and try to solve problems by taking other
people's perspectives. By listening to the sharing session, Sebung volunteers will learn to
understand the content of the story and appreciate the differences between people speakers
and themselves. That way Sebung volunteers can hone empathy from the exchange of stories
in the sharing.
Changing Perceptions
With the sharing session, volunteers' knowledge increases and they are able to
interpret the activities they do with a wider scope.
Ingratiation Tactics
Lincoln in Great Influencer (2018:61) said in every letter that, "Everyone Loves Praise",
humans have a desire to be important. Giving appreciation is one of the strategies to
maintain volunteer loyalty. This appreciation is applied throughout the series of Sebung
Bandung activities, namely briefings to sharing sessions. Appreciation carried out by
Sebung to its volunteers is divided into several forms, namely:
Praise
Compliments are not uncommon in the Sebung community. During briefings, there
are times when they get to know each other and compliment each other. This treatment has
become commonplace because it is easy for them to give compliments. That way when they
go down the street, volunteers also apply the behavior of the management to praise the
target. Praise for volunteers is also was raised during the sharing session. When volunteers
finish sharing their experiences, the person in charge always compliments them. It doesn't
stop at routine activities, during free events that are more about inter-personal
communication or small groups, Sebung administrators still familiarize themselves with the
program Themselves to deliver compliments so that Sebung volunteers will be more
comfortable talking and being open with the administrators or other Sebung members.
Trust
In the Sebung community, trust is given by the Sebung management when they feel
that the volunteer meets the predetermined criteria. Until now, the Sebung management has
given its trust to volunteers to manage Sebung activities such as being in charge of weekly
Sebung on Fridays, then monthly activities such as social experiences at the Dago Bandung
car free day, to annual activities such as Sebung Anniversary or Sebung Qurban. Therefore,
several Sebung activities are always accompanied by volunteers as organizers.
Activity Certificate
Sebung provides physical appreciation that can symbolize the participation of
volunteers in helping Sebung Bandung's activities. In addition to increasing volunteer
excitement and loyalty, this certificate is useful for Other volunteer interests such as the
need to fulfill the activities of certified activities as a requirement to graduate students or
exchange students and other needs. That way between the board and volunteers creates a
symbiotic condition of mutualism.
Personal Appeal Tactics
Florence Littauer in Great Influencer (2018: 12) says that within humans there are
different characters or personalities, so that feelings of insecurity will arise if in establishing
a relationship with others. When someone has determined to establish a relationship with
another person, personal closeness and trust between one another arise. Therefore, they can
persuade each other.
By sharing information between volunteers and administrators, they trust each other
to continue to survive in a community. The steps taken by the management itself are to
always remind all Sebung Bandung members on the WhatsApp group platform. Weekly
Sebung announcements are distributed through the group every Wednesday night. While
other announcements are distributed according to the activities held, which is no later than
three days before the activity. Then if it is seen that there are Sebung members who have not
participated in activities for more than one month, they will be contacted privately via
whatsapp chat by the Sebung public relations division. The results obtained by volunteers
become loyal because of a sense of security. They also apply again to share information as a
form of their contribution to the sustainability of the Sebung Bandung social community in
the future.
Exchange Tactics
Amin in Great Influencer (2018:59) says that feeling what others feel is extremely
difficult, requiring contemplation, an intense emotional adventure. Therefore, a person living
in this world needs a feeling adventure into other people's territory in order to care for others
more sharply. The Sebung Bandung management applies this exchange tactics factor to the
relationship between the management and volunteers. With a free event after the sharing
session, community members will freely exchange experiences, fun, and work more
intensely. Sebung administrators deliberately instill this factor so that Sebung members can
make Sebung more than just a community but can become a second home and self healing.
Sebung Bandung administrators build an atmosphere through three main topics, namely
food, love, and problems. Food and love topics are the gateway to break the ice in a forum.
Meanwhile, the topic of problems leads Sebung members, both administrators and
volunteers, to a more intense relationship. This factor causes several things in volunteers,
namely:
Similarity
Sebung Bandung's main informants are dominated by the similarity of feelings of
compatibility that arise when each volunteer feels there is something in common in the story
that was conveyed by them. The feeling of compatibility creates new things such as a sense
of gratitude, a sense of security and a sense of empathy. The feelings of compatibility felt by
Sebung volunteers are very diverse, ranging from family, personality, romantic
relationships, work and education. They find similar problems and eventually can learn from
each other, appreciate and give input to each other.
Open Attitude
The four informants who have joined the community for more than a year said they
have been open with some Sebung members whom they trust. So that they feel safe and
comfortable when telling about pleasant or sad things. Meanwhile, one main informant said
that he had not opened up to any of the Sebung volunteers or administrators because he did
not have enough time to do so.
Self Healing
Sebung is a community that can be a place for volunteers who want to heal
themselves from the burden or problems they face. The majority of Sebung volunteers are
people who are looking for a place to escape from the problems they have. This factor is
driven by the ability of Sebung's administrators to create a comfortable atmosphere and
activity time at night which makes the activity wise and meaningful.
Desire to Stay in the Community
Volunteers will stay in the Sebung community not for the reason of doing good by
sharing as the main goal, but to meet other Sebung volunteers and administrators. Sebung
volunteers consider Sebung as a family to them. Because by joining Sebung, they feel they
have found peace in themselves.
This exchange tactics factor eventually forms a sense of community or a feeling of
belonging to the Sebung Bandung community. This feeling will result in members' desire to
maintain the existence of the community in any way. One of them is by showing their
contribution in enlivening routine community activities. Sense of community has four
elements, each of which already exists and is applied to the Sebung Bandung community.
McMillan and Chavis in (Chavis, 2008) mention the four elements, namely:
Membership
Membership is the feeling that someone has invested themselves to become a
member of a community. Membership in a community has boundaries within the
community that distinguish community members from those who are not members of the
community, as well as knowing who is in the community.
The membership that distinguishes the activities of the Sebung Bandung social
community from other social communities can be seen from the activities, namely greeting
and sharing. Then for the community members themselves, Sebung members have t-shirts
and tote bags as member identities that distinguish Sebung members and members of other
communities.
Influence
Influence is the power that individuals have to influence other members and the
power of the community to influence individuals. Efforts to influence each other between
members and the community have been displayed from the entire series of Sebung Bandung
activities from briefings, taking to the streets, sharing sessions, to free events.
Shared Emotional Connection
Relationships A shared emotional connection within a community formed from
positive interactions, shared stories and shared experiences. The more people interact, the
more likely they are to form close relationships, which then leads to stronger bonds.
Members of the Sebung Bandung community, from administrators to volunteers,
have a need to share their feelings and have an emotional bond. It is shown in sharing
activities and free events that make them open and empathize with each other. The Sebung
Bandung community can survive because its community members already have the four
elements mentioned.
The five factors, namely rational persuasion, consultation tactics, ingratiation
tactics, personal appeals tactics and exchange tactics in the implementation of persuasion
communication in maintaining the loyalty of the Sebung Bandung community, are effective
because they form a community that actively contributes by participating in all Sebung
Bandung activities. In the end, a sense of community is formed in community members
which creates loyalty for Sebung Bandung community volunteers to maintain the
sustainability of the Sebung Bandung community in the future sustainability of the Sebung
community in the future.
Conclusion
Application of techniques that build persuasive communication applied by Sebung
Bandung administrators in maintaining volunteer loyalty Sebung Bandung social community
is with 1) rational tactics, which is persuasion from the first impression of meeting applied
to briefing activities, by directing volunteers based on logical reasons and data in the form of
facts, 2) consultation tactics, which is persuasion by providing facilities to develop
volunteer abilities applied to sharing session activities, by developing public speaking,
listening, empathizing and changing perceptions, 3) ingratiation tactics, which is persuading
by giving appreciation applied to the entire series of Sebung activities, by giving praise,
trust, and activity certificates, 4) personal appeal tactics, which is persuading with personal
closeness applied to sharing information, by inviting the closest friends to stay in the
community, 5) exchange tactics, which is persuading with deeper personal closeness applied
to sharing activities and free events, by creating similarity, open attitude, self healing, and
the desire to stay in the community.
Fifth techniques These five techniques create a sense of community in Sebung
Bandung community members including membership, influence, integration and fulfillment
of needs, and shared emotional connection. After a sense of community is formed, Sebung
community volunteers have the desire to contribute by participating in every Sebung
Bandung activity and ultimately form the loyalty of Sebung Bandung social community
volunteers.
Rational Persuasion
Rational action according to Weber relates to conscious consideration and the choice
that the action is expressed (Johnson, 2004: 220). Rational persuasion was implemented in
the initial series of weekly Sebung activities which took place every Friday at
20.00 WIB at the Bandung City Hall Historical Park. The activity is led by the person in
charge, which is usually taken over by the founder and co-founder of Sebung Bandung.
They started the activity with a briefing, namely a brief introduction to the Sebung
community, including the beginning of its establishment, a series of activities, and the goals
of the Sebung community itself. This was followed by an introduction to each of the
volunteers present and directions in carrying out the next series of activities. All
explanations spoken by the person in charge are always accompanied by the provision of
data or facts which are the reasons for the rules or things that Sebung community volunteers
must do.
The data and facts are obtained from the experience of the person in charge of
managing social programs or activities elsewhere. The person in charge who became the
speaker in the briefing session had two important criteria, namely credibility and
attractiveness (interest, similarity, beauty). The main objective during the briefing is to
convey a requirement for Sebung Bandung volunteers in the next series of activities, to greet
and motivate the target which is carried out for 10-15 minutes. This is a form of real
implementation of how Sebung's management conduct persuasive communication to its
volunteers. Therefore, greeting and providing motivation directed by the Sebung
management to volunteers is the first step to building volunteer loyalty. The management
provides examples and persuades with things that lead to social and humanitarian meanings.
Consultation Tactics
Dala Carnegie in Great Influencer (2018: 66) says that interest in the interlocutor can
be actualized in various ways. Even with the expression that someone is interested in
personality, experience, strengths and so on. It is also shown with body language and forms
of attention. Consultation Tactics are implemented in several series of Sebung activities, one
of which is a sharing session. The management provides a means for volunteers to be able to
hone their public speaking skills. This session was held after going to the streets at the
gathering point, Taman Sejarah. This method is in the form of an activity, where volunteers
have the opportunity to share the sharing experience that has been carried out in the down
the street session. This session was led directly by the Sebung management who was in
charge of the activity.
By forming a forum to develop public speaking skills, volunteers can not only hone
their soft skills. But they have several other abilities such as:
Public Speaking
Sebung Bandung volunteers are dominated by people with introverted personalities.
With so Sebung provides a sharing session as a platform for volunteers to develop their
public speaking skills about the stories they have. The story can be one volunteer's
experience communicating with the target or other experiences they have had in similar
social activities. The seating position when they do a sharing session is sitting in a circle and
the position of the speaker who stands where he originally sat.
Listen to
Both volunteers and administrators make themselves good listeners to the people
who are talking during the sharing session. Listening attitude from the board side can build
a good relationship with volunteers. While from the volunteers' side, it will increase their
insight and knowledge about social humanitarianism. Then loyalty will be built between
volunteers and the Sebung management itself.
Empathy
Baron and Byrne in (Asih and Pratiwi, 2010) state that empathy is the ability to feel
the emotional state of others, feel sympathetic and try to solve problems by taking other
people's perspectives. By listening to the sharing session, Sebung volunteers will learn to
understand the content of the story and appreciate the differences between people speakers
and themselves. That way Sebung volunteers can hone empathy from the exchange of stories
in the sharing.
Changing Perceptions
With the sharing session, volunteers' knowledge increases and they are able to
interpret the activities they do with a wider scope.
Ingratiation Tactics
Lincoln in Great Influencer (2018:61) said in every letter that, "Everyone Loves Praise",
humans have a desire to be important. Giving appreciation is one of the strategies to
maintain volunteer loyalty. This appreciation is applied throughout the series of Sebung
Bandung activities, namely briefings to sharing sessions. Appreciation carried out by
Sebung to its volunteers is divided into several forms, namely:
Praise
Compliments are not uncommon in the Sebung community. During briefings, there
are times when they get to know each other and compliment each other. This treatment has
become commonplace because it is easy for them to give compliments. That way when they
go down the street, volunteers also apply the behavior of the management to praise the
target. Praise for volunteers is also was raised during the sharing session. When volunteers
finish sharing their experiences, the person in charge always compliments them. It doesn't
stop at routine activities, during free events that are more about inter-personal
communication or small groups, Sebung administrators still familiarize themselves with the
program Themselves to deliver compliments so that Sebung volunteers will be more
comfortable talking and being open with the administrators or other Sebung members.
Trust
In the Sebung community, trust is given by the Sebung management when they feel
that the volunteer meets the predetermined criteria. Until now, the Sebung management has
given its trust to volunteers to manage Sebung activities such as being in charge of weekly
Sebung on Fridays, then monthly activities such as social experiences at the Dago Bandung
car free day, to annual activities such as Sebung Anniversary or Sebung Qurban. Therefore,
several Sebung activities are always accompanied by volunteers as organizers.
Activity Certificate
Sebung provides physical appreciation that can symbolize the participation of
volunteers in helping Sebung Bandung's activities. In addition to increasing volunteer
excitement and loyalty, this certificate is useful for Other volunteer interests such as the
need to fulfill the activities of certified activities as a requirement to graduate students or
exchange students and other needs. That way between the board and volunteers creates a
symbiotic condition of mutualism.
Personal Appeal Tactics
Florence Littauer in Great Influencer (2018: 12) says that within humans there are
different characters or personalities, so that feelings of insecurity will arise if in establishing
a relationship with others. When someone has determined to establish a relationship with
another person, personal closeness and trust between one another arise. Therefore, they can
persuade each other.
By sharing information between volunteers and administrators, they trust each other
to continue to survive in a community. The steps taken by the management itself are to
always remind all Sebung Bandung members on the WhatsApp group platform. Weekly
Sebung announcements are distributed through the group every Wednesday night. While
other announcements are distributed according to the activities held, which is no later than
three days before the activity. Then if it is seen that there are Sebung members who have not
participated in activities for more than one month, they will be contacted privately via
whatsapp chat by the Sebung public relations division. The results obtained by volunteers
become loyal because of a sense of security. They also apply again to share information as a
form of their contribution to the sustainability of the Sebung Bandung social community in
the future.
Exchange Tactics
Amin in Great Influencer (2018:59) says that feeling what others feel is extremely
difficult, requiring contemplation, an intense emotional adventure. Therefore, a person living
in this world needs a feeling adventure into other people's territory in order to care for others
more sharply. The Sebung Bandung management applies this exchange tactics factor to the
relationship between the management and volunteers. With a free event after the sharing
session, community members will freely exchange experiences, fun, and work more
intensely. Sebung administrators deliberately instill this factor so that Sebung members can
make Sebung more than just a community but can become a second home and self healing.
Sebung Bandung administrators build an atmosphere through three main topics, namely
food, love, and problems. Food and love topics are the gateway to break the ice in a forum.
Meanwhile, the topic of problems leads Sebung members, both administrators and
volunteers, to a more intense relationship. This factor causes several things in volunteers,
namely:
Similarity
Sebung Bandung's main informants are dominated by the similarity of feelings of
compatibility that arise when each volunteer feels there is something in common in the story
that was conveyed by them. The feeling of compatibility creates new things such as a sense
of gratitude, a sense of security and a sense of empathy. The feelings of compatibility felt by
Sebung volunteers are very diverse, ranging from family, personality, romantic
relationships, work and education. They find similar problems and eventually can learn from
each other, appreciate and give input to each other.
Open Attitude
The four informants who have joined the community for more than a year said they
have been open with some Sebung members whom they trust. So that they feel safe and
comfortable when telling about pleasant or sad things. Meanwhile, one main informant said
that he had not opened up to any of the Sebung volunteers or administrators because he did
not have enough time to do so.
Self Healing
Sebung is a community that can be a place for volunteers who want to heal
themselves from the burden or problems they face. The majority of Sebung volunteers are
people who are looking for a place to escape from the problems they have. This factor is
driven by the ability of Sebung's administrators to create a comfortable atmosphere and
activity time at night which makes the activity wise and meaningful.
Desire to Stay in the Community
Volunteers will stay in the Sebung community not for the reason of doing good by
sharing as the main goal, but to meet other Sebung volunteers and administrators. Sebung
volunteers consider Sebung as a family to them. Because by joining Sebung, they feel they
have found peace in themselves.
This exchange tactics factor eventually forms a sense of community or a feeling of
belonging to the Sebung Bandung community. This feeling will result in members' desire to
maintain the existence of the community in any way. One of them is by showing their
contribution in enlivening routine community activities. Sense of community has four
elements, each of which already exists and is applied to the Sebung Bandung community.
McMillan and Chavis in (Chavis, 2008) mention the four elements, namely:
Membership
Membership is the feeling that someone has invested themselves to become a
member of a community. Membership in a community has boundaries within the
community that distinguish community members from those who are not members of the
community, as well as knowing who is in the community.
The membership that distinguishes the activities of the Sebung Bandung social
community from other social communities can be seen from the activities, namely greeting
and sharing. Then for the community members themselves, Sebung members have t-shirts
and tote bags as member identities that distinguish Sebung members and members of other
communities.
Influence
Influence is the power that individuals have to influence other members and the
power of the community to influence individuals. Efforts to influence each other between
members and the community have been displayed from the entire series of Sebung Bandung
activities from briefings, taking to the streets, sharing sessions, to free events.
Shared Emotional Connection
Relationships A shared emotional connection within a community formed from
positive interactions, shared stories and shared experiences. The more people interact, the
more likely they are to form close relationships, which then leads to stronger bonds.
Members of the Sebung Bandung community, from administrators to volunteers,
have a need to share their feelings and have an emotional bond. It is shown in sharing
activities and free events that make them open and empathize with each other. The Sebung
Bandung community can survive because its community members already have the four
elements mentioned.
The five factors, namely rational persuasion, consultation tactics, ingratiation
tactics, personal appeals tactics and exchange tactics in the implementation of persuasion
communication in maintaining the loyalty of the Sebung Bandung community, are effective
because they form a community that actively contributes by participating in all Sebung
Bandung activities. In the end, a sense of community is formed in community members
which creates loyalty for Sebung Bandung community volunteers to maintain the
sustainability of the Sebung Bandung community in the future sustainability of the Sebung
community in the future.
Conclusion
Application of techniques that build persuasive communication applied by Sebung
Bandung administrators in maintaining volunteer loyalty Sebung Bandung social community
is with 1) rational tactics, which is persuasion from the first impression of meeting applied
to briefing activities, by directing volunteers based on logical reasons and data in the form of
facts, 2) consultation tactics, which is persuasion by providing facilities to develop
volunteer abilities applied to sharing session activities, by developing public speaking,
listening, empathizing and changing perceptions, 3) ingratiation tactics, which is persuading
by giving appreciation applied to the entire series of Sebung activities, by giving praise,
trust, and activity certificates, 4) personal appeal tactics, which is persuading with personal
closeness applied to sharing information, by inviting the closest friends to stay in the
community, 5) exchange tactics, which is persuading with deeper personal closeness applied
to sharing activities and free events, by creating similarity, open attitude, self healing, and
the desire to stay in the community.
Fifth techniques These five techniques create a sense of community in Sebung
Bandung community members including membership, influence, integration and fulfillment
of needs, and shared emotional connection. After a sense of community is formed, Sebung
community volunteers have the desire to contribute by participating in every Sebung
Bandung activity and ultimately form the loyalty of Sebung Bandung social community
volunteers.
Rational Persuasion
Rational action according to Weber relates to conscious consideration and the choice
that the action is expressed (Johnson, 2004: 220). Rational persuasion was implemented in
the initial series of weekly Sebung activities which took place every Friday at
20.00 WIB at the Bandung City Hall Historical Park. The activity is led by the person in
charge, which is usually taken over by the founder and co-founder of Sebung Bandung.
They started the activity with a briefing, namely a brief introduction to the Sebung
community, including the beginning of its establishment, a series of activities, and the goals
of the Sebung community itself. This was followed by an introduction to each of the
volunteers present and directions in carrying out the next series of activities. All
explanations spoken by the person in charge are always accompanied by the provision of
data or facts which are the reasons for the rules or things that Sebung community volunteers
must do.
The data and facts are obtained from the experience of the person in charge of
managing social programs or activities elsewhere. The person in charge who became the
speaker in the briefing session had two important criteria, namely credibility and
attractiveness (interest, similarity, beauty). The main objective during the briefing is to
convey a requirement for Sebung Bandung volunteers in the next series of activities, to greet
and motivate the target which is carried out for 10-15 minutes. This is a form of real
implementation of how Sebung's management conduct persuasive communication to its
volunteers. Therefore, greeting and providing motivation directed by the Sebung
management to volunteers is the first step to building volunteer loyalty. The management
provides examples and persuades with things that lead to social and humanitarian meanings.
Consultation Tactics
Dala Carnegie in Great Influencer (2018: 66) says that interest in the interlocutor can
be actualized in various ways. Even with the expression that someone is interested in
personality, experience, strengths and so on. It is also shown with body language and forms
of attention. Consultation Tactics are implemented in several series of Sebung activities, one
of which is a sharing session. The management provides a means for volunteers to be able to
hone their public speaking skills. This session was held after going to the streets at the
gathering point, Taman Sejarah. This method is in the form of an activity, where volunteers
have the opportunity to share the sharing experience that has been carried out in the down
the street session. This session was led directly by the Sebung management who was in
charge of the activity.
By forming a forum to develop public speaking skills, volunteers can not only hone
their soft skills. But they have several other abilities such as:
Public Speaking
Sebung Bandung volunteers are dominated by people with introverted personalities.
With so Sebung provides a sharing session as a platform for volunteers to develop their
public speaking skills about the stories they have. The story can be one volunteer's
experience communicating with the target or other experiences they have had in similar
social activities. The seating position when they do a sharing session is sitting in a circle and
the position of the speaker who stands where he originally sat.
Listen to
Both volunteers and administrators make themselves good listeners to the people
who are talking during the sharing session. Listening attitude from the board side can build
a good relationship with volunteers. While from the volunteers' side, it will increase their
insight and knowledge about social humanitarianism. Then loyalty will be built between
volunteers and the Sebung management itself.
Empathy
Baron and Byrne in (Asih and Pratiwi, 2010) state that empathy is the ability to feel
the emotional state of others, feel sympathetic and try to solve problems by taking other
people's perspectives. By listening to the sharing session, Sebung volunteers will learn to
understand the content of the story and appreciate the differences between people speakers
and themselves. That way Sebung volunteers can hone empathy from the exchange of stories
in the sharing.
Changing Perceptions
With the sharing session, volunteers' knowledge increases and they are able to
interpret the activities they do with a wider scope.
Ingratiation Tactics
Lincoln in Great Influencer (2018:61) said in every letter that, "Everyone Loves Praise",
humans have a desire to be important. Giving appreciation is one of the strategies to
maintain volunteer loyalty. This appreciation is applied throughout the series of Sebung
Bandung activities, namely briefings to sharing sessions. Appreciation carried out by
Sebung to its volunteers is divided into several forms, namely:
Praise
Compliments are not uncommon in the Sebung community. During briefings, there
are times when they get to know each other and compliment each other. This treatment has
become commonplace because it is easy for them to give compliments. That way when they
go down the street, volunteers also apply the behavior of the management to praise the
target. Praise for volunteers is also was raised during the sharing session. When volunteers
finish sharing their experiences, the person in charge always compliments them. It doesn't
stop at routine activities, during free events that are more about inter-personal
communication or small groups, Sebung administrators still familiarize themselves with the
program Themselves to deliver compliments so that Sebung volunteers will be more
comfortable talking and being open with the administrators or other Sebung members.
Trust
In the Sebung community, trust is given by the Sebung management when they feel
that the volunteer meets the predetermined criteria. Until now, the Sebung management has
given its trust to volunteers to manage Sebung activities such as being in charge of weekly
Sebung on Fridays, then monthly activities such as social experiences at the Dago Bandung
car free day, to annual activities such as Sebung Anniversary or Sebung Qurban. Therefore,
several Sebung activities are always accompanied by volunteers as organizers.
Activity Certificate
Sebung provides physical appreciation that can symbolize the participation of
volunteers in helping Sebung Bandung's activities. In addition to increasing volunteer
excitement and loyalty, this certificate is useful for Other volunteer interests such as the
need to fulfill the activities of certified activities as a requirement to graduate students or
exchange students and other needs. That way between the board and volunteers creates a
symbiotic condition of mutualism.
Personal Appeal Tactics
Florence Littauer in Great Influencer (2018: 12) says that within humans there are
different characters or personalities, so that feelings of insecurity will arise if in establishing
a relationship with others. When someone has determined to establish a relationship with
another person, personal closeness and trust between one another arise. Therefore, they can
persuade each other.
By sharing information between volunteers and administrators, they trust each other
to continue to survive in a community. The steps taken by the management itself are to
always remind all Sebung Bandung members on the WhatsApp group platform. Weekly
Sebung announcements are distributed through the group every Wednesday night. While
other announcements are distributed according to the activities held, which is no later than
three days before the activity. Then if it is seen that there are Sebung members who have not
participated in activities for more than one month, they will be contacted privately via
whatsapp chat by the Sebung public relations division. The results obtained by volunteers
become loyal because of a sense of security. They also apply again to share information as a
form of their contribution to the sustainability of the Sebung Bandung social community in
the future.
Exchange Tactics
Amin in Great Influencer (2018:59) says that feeling what others feel is extremely
difficult, requiring contemplation, an intense emotional adventure. Therefore, a person living
in this world needs a feeling adventure into other people's territory in order to care for others
more sharply. The Sebung Bandung management applies this exchange tactics factor to the
relationship between the management and volunteers. With a free event after the sharing
session, community members will freely exchange experiences, fun, and work more
intensely. Sebung administrators deliberately instill this factor so that Sebung members can
make Sebung more than just a community but can become a second home and self healing.
Sebung Bandung administrators build an atmosphere through three main topics, namely
food, love, and problems. Food and love topics are the gateway to break the ice in a forum.
Meanwhile, the topic of problems leads Sebung members, both administrators and
volunteers, to a more intense relationship. This factor causes several things in volunteers,
namely:
Similarity
Sebung Bandung's main informants are dominated by the similarity of feelings of
compatibility that arise when each volunteer feels there is something in common in the story
that was conveyed by them. The feeling of compatibility creates new things such as a sense
of gratitude, a sense of security and a sense of empathy. The feelings of compatibility felt by
Sebung volunteers are very diverse, ranging from family, personality, romantic
relationships, work and education. They find similar problems and eventually can learn from
each other, appreciate and give input to each other.
Open Attitude
The four informants who have joined the community for more than a year said they
have been open with some Sebung members whom they trust. So that they feel safe and
comfortable when telling about pleasant or sad things. Meanwhile, one main informant said
that he had not opened up to any of the Sebung volunteers or administrators because he did
not have enough time to do so.
Self Healing
Sebung is a community that can be a place for volunteers who want to heal
themselves from the burden or problems they face. The majority of Sebung volunteers are
people who are looking for a place to escape from the problems they have. This factor is
driven by the ability of Sebung's administrators to create a comfortable atmosphere and
activity time at night which makes the activity wise and meaningful.
Desire to Stay in the Community
Volunteers will stay in the Sebung community not for the reason of doing good by
sharing as the main goal, but to meet other Sebung volunteers and administrators. Sebung
volunteers consider Sebung as a family to them. Because by joining Sebung, they feel they
have found peace in themselves.
This exchange tactics factor eventually forms a sense of community or a feeling of
belonging to the Sebung Bandung community. This feeling will result in members' desire to
maintain the existence of the community in any way. One of them is by showing their
contribution in enlivening routine community activities. Sense of community has four
elements, each of which already exists and is applied to the Sebung Bandung community.
McMillan and Chavis in (Chavis, 2008) mention the four elements, namely:
Membership
Membership is the feeling that someone has invested themselves to become a
member of a community. Membership in a community has boundaries within the
community that distinguish community members from those who are not members of the
community, as well as knowing who is in the community.
The membership that distinguishes the activities of the Sebung Bandung social
community from other social communities can be seen from the activities, namely greeting
and sharing. Then for the community members themselves, Sebung members have t-shirts
and tote bags as member identities that distinguish Sebung members and members of other
communities.
Influence
Influence is the power that individuals have to influence other members and the
power of the community to influence individuals. Efforts to influence each other between
members and the community have been displayed from the entire series of Sebung Bandung
activities from briefings, taking to the streets, sharing sessions, to free events.
Shared Emotional Connection
Relationships A shared emotional connection within a community formed from
positive interactions, shared stories and shared experiences. The more people interact, the
more likely they are to form close relationships, which then leads to stronger bonds.
Members of the Sebung Bandung community, from administrators to volunteers,
have a need to share their feelings and have an emotional bond. It is shown in sharing
activities and free events that make them open and empathize with each other. The Sebung
Bandung community can survive because its community members already have the four
elements mentioned.
The five factors, namely rational persuasion, consultation tactics, ingratiation
tactics, personal appeals tactics and exchange tactics in the implementation of persuasion
communication in maintaining the loyalty of the Sebung Bandung community, are effective
because they form a community that actively contributes by participating in all Sebung
Bandung activities. In the end, a sense of community is formed in community members
which creates loyalty for Sebung Bandung community volunteers to maintain the
sustainability of the Sebung Bandung community in the future sustainability of the Sebung
community in the future.
Conclusion
Application of techniques that build persuasive communication applied by Sebung
Bandung administrators in maintaining volunteer loyalty Sebung Bandung social community
is with 1) rational tactics, which is persuasion from the first impression of meeting applied
to briefing activities, by directing volunteers based on logical reasons and data in the form of
facts, 2) consultation tactics, which is persuasion by providing facilities to develop
volunteer abilities applied to sharing session activities, by developing public speaking,
listening, empathizing and changing perceptions, 3) ingratiation tactics, which is persuading
by giving appreciation applied to the entire series of Sebung activities, by giving praise,
trust, and activity certificates, 4) personal appeal tactics, which is persuading with personal
closeness applied to sharing information, by inviting the closest friends to stay in the
community, 5) exchange tactics, which is persuading with deeper personal closeness applied
to sharing activities and free events, by creating similarity, open attitude, self healing, and
the desire to stay in the community.
Fifth techniques These five techniques create a sense of community in Sebung
Bandung community members including membership, influence, integration and fulfillment
of needs, and shared emotional connection. After a sense of community is formed, Sebung
community volunteers have the desire to contribute by participating in every Sebung
Bandung activity and ultimately form the loyalty of Sebung Bandung social community
volunteers.
Rational Persuasion
Rational action according to Weber relates to conscious consideration and the choice
that the action is expressed (Johnson, 2004: 220). Rational persuasion was implemented in
the initial series of weekly Sebung activities which took place every Friday at
20.00 WIB at the Bandung City Hall Historical Park. The activity is led by the person in
charge, which is usually taken over by the founder and co-founder of Sebung Bandung.
They started the activity with a briefing, namely a brief introduction to the Sebung
community, including the beginning of its establishment, a series of activities, and the goals
of the Sebung community itself. This was followed by an introduction to each of the
volunteers present and directions in carrying out the next series of activities. All
explanations spoken by the person in charge are always accompanied by the provision of
data or facts which are the reasons for the rules or things that Sebung community volunteers
must do.
The data and facts are obtained from the experience of the person in charge of
managing social programs or activities elsewhere. The person in charge who became the
speaker in the briefing session had two important criteria, namely credibility and
attractiveness (interest, similarity, beauty). The main objective during the briefing is to
convey a requirement for Sebung Bandung volunteers in the next series of activities, to greet
and motivate the target which is carried out for 10-15 minutes. This is a form of real
implementation of how Sebung's management conduct persuasive communication to its
volunteers. Therefore, greeting and providing motivation directed by the Sebung
management to volunteers is the first step to building volunteer loyalty. The management
provides examples and persuades with things that lead to social and humanitarian meanings.
Consultation Tactics
Dala Carnegie in Great Influencer (2018: 66) says that interest in the interlocutor can
be actualized in various ways. Even with the expression that someone is interested in
personality, experience, strengths and so on. It is also shown with body language and forms
of attention. Consultation Tactics are implemented in several series of Sebung activities, one
of which is a sharing session. The management provides a means for volunteers to be able to
hone their public speaking skills. This session was held after going to the streets at the
gathering point, Taman Sejarah. This method is in the form of an activity, where volunteers
have the opportunity to share the sharing experience that has been carried out in the down
the street session. This session was led directly by the Sebung management who was in
charge of the activity.
By forming a forum to develop public speaking skills, volunteers can not only hone
their soft skills. But they have several other abilities such as:
Public Speaking
Sebung Bandung volunteers are dominated by people with introverted personalities.
With so Sebung provides a sharing session as a platform for volunteers to develop their
public speaking skills about the stories they have. The story can be one volunteer's
experience communicating with the target or other experiences they have had in similar
social activities. The seating position when they do a sharing session is sitting in a circle and
the position of the speaker who stands where he originally sat.
Listen to
Both volunteers and administrators make themselves good listeners to the people
who are talking during the sharing session. Listening attitude from the board side can build
a good relationship with volunteers. While from the volunteers' side, it will increase their
insight and knowledge about social humanitarianism. Then loyalty will be built between
volunteers and the Sebung management itself.
Empathy
Baron and Byrne in (Asih and Pratiwi, 2010) state that empathy is the ability to feel
the emotional state of others, feel sympathetic and try to solve problems by taking other
people's perspectives. By listening to the sharing session, Sebung volunteers will learn to
understand the content of the story and appreciate the differences between people speakers
and themselves. That way Sebung volunteers can hone empathy from the exchange of stories
in the sharing.
Changing Perceptions
With the sharing session, volunteers' knowledge increases and they are able to
interpret the activities they do with a wider scope.
Ingratiation Tactics
Lincoln in Great Influencer (2018:61) said in every letter that, "Everyone Loves Praise",
humans have a desire to be important. Giving appreciation is one of the strategies to
maintain volunteer loyalty. This appreciation is applied throughout the series of Sebung
Bandung activities, namely briefings to sharing sessions. Appreciation carried out by
Sebung to its volunteers is divided into several forms, namely:
Praise
Compliments are not uncommon in the Sebung community. During briefings, there
are times when they get to know each other and compliment each other. This treatment has
become commonplace because it is easy for them to give compliments. That way when they
go down the street, volunteers also apply the behavior of the management to praise the
target. Praise for volunteers is also was raised during the sharing session. When volunteers
finish sharing their experiences, the person in charge always compliments them. It doesn't
stop at routine activities, during free events that are more about inter-personal
communication or small groups, Sebung administrators still familiarize themselves with the
program Themselves to deliver compliments so that Sebung volunteers will be more
comfortable talking and being open with the administrators or other Sebung members.
Trust
In the Sebung community, trust is given by the Sebung management when they feel
that the volunteer meets the predetermined criteria. Until now, the Sebung management has
given its trust to volunteers to manage Sebung activities such as being in charge of weekly
Sebung on Fridays, then monthly activities such as social experiences at the Dago Bandung
car free day, to annual activities such as Sebung Anniversary or Sebung Qurban. Therefore,
several Sebung activities are always accompanied by volunteers as organizers.
Activity Certificate
Sebung provides physical appreciation that can symbolize the participation of
volunteers in helping Sebung Bandung's activities. In addition to increasing volunteer
excitement and loyalty, this certificate is useful for Other volunteer interests such as the
need to fulfill the activities of certified activities as a requirement to graduate students or
exchange students and other needs. That way between the board and volunteers creates a
symbiotic condition of mutualism.
Personal Appeal Tactics
Florence Littauer in Great Influencer (2018: 12) says that within humans there are
different characters or personalities, so that feelings of insecurity will arise if in establishing
a relationship with others. When someone has determined to establish a relationship with
another person, personal closeness and trust between one another arise. Therefore, they can
persuade each other.
By sharing information between volunteers and administrators, they trust each other
to continue to survive in a community. The steps taken by the management itself are to
always remind all Sebung Bandung members on the WhatsApp group platform. Weekly
Sebung announcements are distributed through the group every Wednesday night. While
other announcements are distributed according to the activities held, which is no later than
three days before the activity. Then if it is seen that there are Sebung members who have not
participated in activities for more than one month, they will be contacted privately via
whatsapp chat by the Sebung public relations division. The results obtained by volunteers
become loyal because of a sense of security. They also apply again to share information as a
form of their contribution to the sustainability of the Sebung Bandung social community in
the future.
Exchange Tactics
Amin in Great Influencer (2018:59) says that feeling what others feel is extremely
difficult, requiring contemplation, an intense emotional adventure. Therefore, a person living
in this world needs a feeling adventure into other people's territory in order to care for others
more sharply. The Sebung Bandung management applies this exchange tactics factor to the
relationship between the management and volunteers. With a free event after the sharing
session, community members will freely exchange experiences, fun, and work more
intensely. Sebung administrators deliberately instill this factor so that Sebung members can
make Sebung more than just a community but can become a second home and self healing.
Sebung Bandung administrators build an atmosphere through three main topics, namely
food, love, and problems. Food and love topics are the gateway to break the ice in a forum.
Meanwhile, the topic of problems leads Sebung members, both administrators and
volunteers, to a more intense relationship. This factor causes several things in volunteers,
namely:
Similarity
Sebung Bandung's main informants are dominated by the similarity of feelings of
compatibility that arise when each volunteer feels there is something in common in the story
that was conveyed by them. The feeling of compatibility creates new things such as a sense
of gratitude, a sense of security and a sense of empathy. The feelings of compatibility felt by
Sebung volunteers are very diverse, ranging from family, personality, romantic
relationships, work and education. They find similar problems and eventually can learn from
each other, appreciate and give input to each other.
Open Attitude
The four informants who have joined the community for more than a year said they
have been open with some Sebung members whom they trust. So that they feel safe and
comfortable when telling about pleasant or sad things. Meanwhile, one main informant said
that he had not opened up to any of the Sebung volunteers or administrators because he did
not have enough time to do so.
Self Healing
Sebung is a community that can be a place for volunteers who want to heal
themselves from the burden or problems they face. The majority of Sebung volunteers are
people who are looking for a place to escape from the problems they have. This factor is
driven by the ability of Sebung's administrators to create a comfortable atmosphere and
activity time at night which makes the activity wise and meaningful.
Desire to Stay in the Community
Volunteers will stay in the Sebung community not for the reason of doing good by
sharing as the main goal, but to meet other Sebung volunteers and administrators. Sebung
volunteers consider Sebung as a family to them. Because by joining Sebung, they feel they
have found peace in themselves.
This exchange tactics factor eventually forms a sense of community or a feeling of
belonging to the Sebung Bandung community. This feeling will result in members' desire to
maintain the existence of the community in any way. One of them is by showing their
contribution in enlivening routine community activities. Sense of community has four
elements, each of which already exists and is applied to the Sebung Bandung community.
McMillan and Chavis in (Chavis, 2008) mention the four elements, namely:
Membership
Membership is the feeling that someone has invested themselves to become a
member of a community. Membership in a community has boundaries within the
community that distinguish community members from those who are not members of the
community, as well as knowing who is in the community.
The membership that distinguishes the activities of the Sebung Bandung social
community from other social communities can be seen from the activities, namely greeting
and sharing. Then for the community members themselves, Sebung members have t-shirts
and tote bags as member identities that distinguish Sebung members and members of other
communities.
Influence
Influence is the power that individuals have to influence other members and the
power of the community to influence individuals. Efforts to influence each other between
members and the community have been displayed from the entire series of Sebung Bandung
activities from briefings, taking to the streets, sharing sessions, to free events.
Shared Emotional Connection
Relationships A shared emotional connection within a community formed from
positive interactions, shared stories and shared experiences. The more people interact, the
more likely they are to form close relationships, which then leads to stronger bonds.
Members of the Sebung Bandung community, from administrators to volunteers,
have a need to share their feelings and have an emotional bond. It is shown in sharing
activities and free events that make them open and empathize with each other. The Sebung
Bandung community can survive because its community members already have the four
elements mentioned.
The five factors, namely rational persuasion, consultation tactics, ingratiation
tactics, personal appeals tactics and exchange tactics in the implementation of persuasion
communication in maintaining the loyalty of the Sebung Bandung community, are effective
because they form a community that actively contributes by participating in all Sebung
Bandung activities. In the end, a sense of community is formed in community members
which creates loyalty for Sebung Bandung community volunteers to maintain the
sustainability of the Sebung Bandung community in the future sustainability of the Sebung
community in the future.
Conclusion
Application of techniques that build persuasive communication applied by Sebung
Bandung administrators in maintaining volunteer loyalty Sebung Bandung social community
is with 1) rational tactics, which is persuasion from the first impression of meeting applied
to briefing activities, by directing volunteers based on logical reasons and data in the form of
facts, 2) consultation tactics, which is persuasion by providing facilities to develop
volunteer abilities applied to sharing session activities, by developing public speaking,
listening, empathizing and changing perceptions, 3) ingratiation tactics, which is persuading
by giving appreciation applied to the entire series of Sebung activities, by giving praise,
trust, and activity certificates, 4) personal appeal tactics, which is persuading with personal
closeness applied to sharing information, by inviting the closest friends to stay in the
community, 5) exchange tactics, which is persuading with deeper personal closeness applied
to sharing activities and free events, by creating similarity, open attitude, self healing, and
the desire to stay in the community.
Fifth techniques These five techniques create a sense of community in Sebung
Bandung community members including membership, influence, integration and fulfillment
of needs, and shared emotional connection. After a sense of community is formed, Sebung
community volunteers have the desire to contribute by participating in every Sebung
Bandung activity and ultimately form the loyalty of Sebung Bandung social community
volunteers.
Rational Persuasion
Rational action according to Weber relates to conscious consideration and the choice
that the action is expressed (Johnson, 2004: 220). Rational persuasion was implemented in
the initial series of weekly Sebung activities which took place every Friday at
20.00 WIB at the Bandung City Hall Historical Park. The activity is led by the person in
charge, which is usually taken over by the founder and co-founder of Sebung Bandung.
They started the activity with a briefing, namely a brief introduction to the Sebung
community, including the beginning of its establishment, a series of activities, and the goals
of the Sebung community itself. This was followed by an introduction to each of the
volunteers present and directions in carrying out the next series of activities. All
explanations spoken by the person in charge are always accompanied by the provision of
data or facts which are the reasons for the rules or things that Sebung community volunteers
must do.
The data and facts are obtained from the experience of the person in charge of
managing social programs or activities elsewhere. The person in charge who became the
speaker in the briefing session had two important criteria, namely credibility and
attractiveness (interest, similarity, beauty). The main objective during the briefing is to
convey a requirement for Sebung Bandung volunteers in the next series of activities, to greet
and motivate the target which is carried out for 10-15 minutes. This is a form of real
implementation of how Sebung's management conduct persuasive communication to its
volunteers. Therefore, greeting and providing motivation directed by the Sebung
management to volunteers is the first step to building volunteer loyalty. The management
provides examples and persuades with things that lead to social and humanitarian meanings.
Consultation Tactics
Dala Carnegie in Great Influencer (2018: 66) says that interest in the interlocutor can
be actualized in various ways. Even with the expression that someone is interested in
personality, experience, strengths and so on. It is also shown with body language and forms
of attention. Consultation Tactics are implemented in several series of Sebung activities, one
of which is a sharing session. The management provides a means for volunteers to be able to
hone their public speaking skills. This session was held after going to the streets at the
gathering point, Taman Sejarah. This method is in the form of an activity, where volunteers
have the opportunity to share the sharing experience that has been carried out in the down
the street session. This session was led directly by the Sebung management who was in
charge of the activity.
By forming a forum to develop public speaking skills, volunteers can not only hone
their soft skills. But they have several other abilities such as:
Public Speaking
Sebung Bandung volunteers are dominated by people with introverted personalities.
With so Sebung provides a sharing session as a platform for volunteers to develop their
public speaking skills about the stories they have. The story can be one volunteer's
experience communicating with the target or other experiences they have had in similar
social activities. The seating position when they do a sharing session is sitting in a circle and
the position of the speaker who stands where he originally sat.
Listen to
Both volunteers and administrators make themselves good listeners to the people
who are talking during the sharing session. Listening attitude from the board side can build
a good relationship with volunteers. While from the volunteers' side, it will increase their
insight and knowledge about social humanitarianism. Then loyalty will be built between
volunteers and the Sebung management itself.
Empathy
Baron and Byrne in (Asih and Pratiwi, 2010) state that empathy is the ability to feel
the emotional state of others, feel sympathetic and try to solve problems by taking other
people's perspectives. By listening to the sharing session, Sebung volunteers will learn to
understand the content of the story and appreciate the differences between people speakers
and themselves. That way Sebung volunteers can hone empathy from the exchange of stories
in the sharing.
Changing Perceptions
With the sharing session, volunteers' knowledge increases and they are able to
interpret the activities they do with a wider scope.
Ingratiation Tactics
Lincoln in Great Influencer (2018:61) said in every letter that, "Everyone Loves Praise",
humans have a desire to be important. Giving appreciation is one of the strategies to
maintain volunteer loyalty. This appreciation is applied throughout the series of Sebung
Bandung activities, namely briefings to sharing sessions. Appreciation carried out by
Sebung to its volunteers is divided into several forms, namely:
Praise
Compliments are not uncommon in the Sebung community. During briefings, there
are times when they get to know each other and compliment each other. This treatment has
become commonplace because it is easy for them to give compliments. That way when they
go down the street, volunteers also apply the behavior of the management to praise the
target. Praise for volunteers is also was raised during the sharing session. When volunteers
finish sharing their experiences, the person in charge always compliments them. It doesn't
stop at routine activities, during free events that are more about inter-personal
communication or small groups, Sebung administrators still familiarize themselves with the
program Themselves to deliver compliments so that Sebung volunteers will be more
comfortable talking and being open with the administrators or other Sebung members.
Trust
In the Sebung community, trust is given by the Sebung management when they feel
that the volunteer meets the predetermined criteria. Until now, the Sebung management has
given its trust to volunteers to manage Sebung activities such as being in charge of weekly
Sebung on Fridays, then monthly activities such as social experiences at the Dago Bandung
car free day, to annual activities such as Sebung Anniversary or Sebung Qurban. Therefore,
several Sebung activities are always accompanied by volunteers as organizers.
Activity Certificate
Sebung provides physical appreciation that can symbolize the participation of
volunteers in helping Sebung Bandung's activities. In addition to increasing volunteer
excitement and loyalty, this certificate is useful for Other volunteer interests such as the
need to fulfill the activities of certified activities as a requirement to graduate students or
exchange students and other needs. That way between the board and volunteers creates a
symbiotic condition of mutualism.
Personal Appeal Tactics
Florence Littauer in Great Influencer (2018: 12) says that within humans there are
different characters or personalities, so that feelings of insecurity will arise if in establishing
a relationship with others. When someone has determined to establish a relationship with
another person, personal closeness and trust between one another arise. Therefore, they can
persuade each other.
By sharing information between volunteers and administrators, they trust each other
to continue to survive in a community. The steps taken by the management itself are to
always remind all Sebung Bandung members on the WhatsApp group platform. Weekly
Sebung announcements are distributed through the group every Wednesday night. While
other announcements are distributed according to the activities held, which is no later than
three days before the activity. Then if it is seen that there are Sebung members who have not
participated in activities for more than one month, they will be contacted privately via
whatsapp chat by the Sebung public relations division. The results obtained by volunteers
become loyal because of a sense of security. They also apply again to share information as a
form of their contribution to the sustainability of the Sebung Bandung social community in
the future.
Exchange Tactics
Amin in Great Influencer (2018:59) says that feeling what others feel is extremely
difficult, requiring contemplation, an intense emotional adventure. Therefore, a person living
in this world needs a feeling adventure into other people's territory in order to care for others
more sharply. The Sebung Bandung management applies this exchange tactics factor to the
relationship between the management and volunteers. With a free event after the sharing
session, community members will freely exchange experiences, fun, and work more
intensely. Sebung administrators deliberately instill this factor so that Sebung members can
make Sebung more than just a community but can become a second home and self healing.
Sebung Bandung administrators build an atmosphere through three main topics, namely
food, love, and problems. Food and love topics are the gateway to break the ice in a forum.
Meanwhile, the topic of problems leads Sebung members, both administrators and
volunteers, to a more intense relationship. This factor causes several things in volunteers,
namely:
Similarity
Sebung Bandung's main informants are dominated by the similarity of feelings of
compatibility that arise when each volunteer feels there is something in common in the story
that was conveyed by them. The feeling of compatibility creates new things such as a sense
of gratitude, a sense of security and a sense of empathy. The feelings of compatibility felt by
Sebung volunteers are very diverse, ranging from family, personality, romantic
relationships, work and education. They find similar problems and eventually can learn from
each other, appreciate and give input to each other.
Open Attitude
The four informants who have joined the community for more than a year said they
have been open with some Sebung members whom they trust. So that they feel safe and
comfortable when telling about pleasant or sad things. Meanwhile, one main informant said
that he had not opened up to any of the Sebung volunteers or administrators because he did
not have enough time to do so.
Self Healing
Sebung is a community that can be a place for volunteers who want to heal
themselves from the burden or problems they face. The majority of Sebung volunteers are
people who are looking for a place to escape from the problems they have. This factor is
driven by the ability of Sebung's administrators to create a comfortable atmosphere and
activity time at night which makes the activity wise and meaningful.
Desire to Stay in the Community
Volunteers will stay in the Sebung community not for the reason of doing good by
sharing as the main goal, but to meet other Sebung volunteers and administrators. Sebung
volunteers consider Sebung as a family to them. Because by joining Sebung, they feel they
have found peace in themselves.
This exchange tactics factor eventually forms a sense of community or a feeling of
belonging to the Sebung Bandung community. This feeling will result in members' desire to
maintain the existence of the community in any way. One of them is by showing their
contribution in enlivening routine community activities. Sense of community has four
elements, each of which already exists and is applied to the Sebung Bandung community.
McMillan and Chavis in (Chavis, 2008) mention the four elements, namely:
Membership
Membership is the feeling that someone has invested themselves to become a
member of a community. Membership in a community has boundaries within the
community that distinguish community members from those who are not members of the
community, as well as knowing who is in the community.
The membership that distinguishes the activities of the Sebung Bandung social
community from other social communities can be seen from the activities, namely greeting
and sharing. Then for the community members themselves, Sebung members have t-shirts
and tote bags as member identities that distinguish Sebung members and members of other
communities.
Influence
Influence is the power that individuals have to influence other members and the
power of the community to influence individuals. Efforts to influence each other between
members and the community have been displayed from the entire series of Sebung Bandung
activities from briefings, taking to the streets, sharing sessions, to free events.
Shared Emotional Connection
Relationships A shared emotional connection within a community formed from
positive interactions, shared stories and shared experiences. The more people interact, the
more likely they are to form close relationships, which then leads to stronger bonds.
Members of the Sebung Bandung community, from administrators to volunteers,
have a need to share their feelings and have an emotional bond. It is shown in sharing
activities and free events that make them open and empathize with each other. The Sebung
Bandung community can survive because its community members already have the four
elements mentioned.
The five factors, namely rational persuasion, consultation tactics, ingratiation
tactics, personal appeals tactics and exchange tactics in the implementation of persuasion
communication in maintaining the loyalty of the Sebung Bandung community, are effective
because they form a community that actively contributes by participating in all Sebung
Bandung activities. In the end, a sense of community is formed in community members
which creates loyalty for Sebung Bandung community volunteers to maintain the
sustainability of the Sebung Bandung community in the future sustainability of the Sebung
community in the future.
Conclusion
Application of techniques that build persuasive communication applied by Sebung
Bandung administrators in maintaining volunteer loyalty Sebung Bandung social community
is with 1) rational tactics, which is persuasion from the first impression of meeting applied
to briefing activities, by directing volunteers based on logical reasons and data in the form of
facts, 2) consultation tactics, which is persuasion by providing facilities to develop
volunteer abilities applied to sharing session activities, by developing public speaking,
listening, empathizing and changing perceptions, 3) ingratiation tactics, which is persuading
by giving appreciation applied to the entire series of Sebung activities, by giving praise,
trust, and activity certificates, 4) personal appeal tactics, which is persuading with personal
closeness applied to sharing information, by inviting the closest friends to stay in the
community, 5) exchange tactics, which is persuading with deeper personal closeness applied
to sharing activities and free events, by creating similarity, open attitude, self healing, and
the desire to stay in the community.
Fifth techniques These five techniques create a sense of community in Sebung
Bandung community members including membership, influence, integration and fulfillment
of needs, and shared emotional connection. After a sense of community is formed, Sebung
community volunteers have the desire to contribute by participating in every Sebung
Bandung activity and ultimately form the loyalty of Sebung Bandung social community
volunteers.
Rational Persuasion
Rational action according to Weber relates to conscious consideration and the choice
that the action is expressed (Johnson, 2004: 220). Rational persuasion was implemented in
the initial series of weekly Sebung activities which took place every Friday at
20.00 WIB at the Bandung City Hall Historical Park. The activity is led by the person in
charge, which is usually taken over by the founder and co-founder of Sebung Bandung.
They started the activity with a briefing, namely a brief introduction to the Sebung
community, including the beginning of its establishment, a series of activities, and the goals
of the Sebung community itself. This was followed by an introduction to each of the
volunteers present and directions in carrying out the next series of activities. All
explanations spoken by the person in charge are always accompanied by the provision of
data or facts which are the reasons for the rules or things that Sebung community volunteers
must do.
The data and facts are obtained from the experience of the person in charge of
managing social programs or activities elsewhere. The person in charge who became the
speaker in the briefing session had two important criteria, namely credibility and
attractiveness (interest, similarity, beauty). The main objective during the briefing is to
convey a requirement for Sebung Bandung volunteers in the next series of activities, to greet
and motivate the target which is carried out for 10-15 minutes. This is a form of real
implementation of how Sebung's management conduct persuasive communication to its
volunteers. Therefore, greeting and providing motivation directed by the Sebung
management to volunteers is the first step to building volunteer loyalty. The management
provides examples and persuades with things that lead to social and humanitarian meanings.
Consultation Tactics
Dala Carnegie in Great Influencer (2018: 66) says that interest in the interlocutor can
be actualized in various ways. Even with the expression that someone is interested in
personality, experience, strengths and so on. It is also shown with body language and forms
of attention. Consultation Tactics are implemented in several series of Sebung activities, one
of which is a sharing session. The management provides a means for volunteers to be able to
hone their public speaking skills. This session was held after going to the streets at the
gathering point, Taman Sejarah. This method is in the form of an activity, where volunteers
have the opportunity to share the sharing experience that has been carried out in the down
the street session. This session was led directly by the Sebung management who was in
charge of the activity.
By forming a forum to develop public speaking skills, volunteers can not only hone
their soft skills. But they have several other abilities such as:
Public Speaking
Sebung Bandung volunteers are dominated by people with introverted personalities.
With so Sebung provides a sharing session as a platform for volunteers to develop their
public speaking skills about the stories they have. The story can be one volunteer's
experience communicating with the target or other experiences they have had in similar
social activities. The seating position when they do a sharing session is sitting in a circle and
the position of the speaker who stands where he originally sat.
Listen to
Both volunteers and administrators make themselves good listeners to the people
who are talking during the sharing session. Listening attitude from the board side can build
a good relationship with volunteers. While from the volunteers' side, it will increase their
insight and knowledge about social humanitarianism. Then loyalty will be built between
volunteers and the Sebung management itself.
Empathy
Baron and Byrne in (Asih and Pratiwi, 2010) state that empathy is the ability to feel
the emotional state of others, feel sympathetic and try to solve problems by taking other
people's perspectives. By listening to the sharing session, Sebung volunteers will learn to
understand the content of the story and appreciate the differences between people speakers
and themselves. That way Sebung volunteers can hone empathy from the exchange of stories
in the sharing.
Changing Perceptions
With the sharing session, volunteers' knowledge increases and they are able to
interpret the activities they do with a wider scope.
Ingratiation Tactics
Lincoln in Great Influencer (2018:61) said in every letter that, "Everyone Loves Praise",
humans have a desire to be important. Giving appreciation is one of the strategies to
maintain volunteer loyalty. This appreciation is applied throughout the series of Sebung
Bandung activities, namely briefings to sharing sessions. Appreciation carried out by
Sebung to its volunteers is divided into several forms, namely:
Praise
Compliments are not uncommon in the Sebung community. During briefings, there
are times when they get to know each other and compliment each other. This treatment has
become commonplace because it is easy for them to give compliments. That way when they
go down the street, volunteers also apply the behavior of the management to praise the
target. Praise for volunteers is also was raised during the sharing session. When volunteers
finish sharing their experiences, the person in charge always compliments them. It doesn't
stop at routine activities, during free events that are more about inter-personal
communication or small groups, Sebung administrators still familiarize themselves with the
program Themselves to deliver compliments so that Sebung volunteers will be more
comfortable talking and being open with the administrators or other Sebung members.
Trust
In the Sebung community, trust is given by the Sebung management when they feel
that the volunteer meets the predetermined criteria. Until now, the Sebung management has
given its trust to volunteers to manage Sebung activities such as being in charge of weekly
Sebung on Fridays, then monthly activities such as social experiences at the Dago Bandung
car free day, to annual activities such as Sebung Anniversary or Sebung Qurban. Therefore,
several Sebung activities are always accompanied by volunteers as organizers.
Activity Certificate
Sebung provides physical appreciation that can symbolize the participation of
volunteers in helping Sebung Bandung's activities. In addition to increasing volunteer
excitement and loyalty, this certificate is useful for Other volunteer interests such as the
need to fulfill the activities of certified activities as a requirement to graduate students or
exchange students and other needs. That way between the board and volunteers creates a
symbiotic condition of mutualism.
Personal Appeal Tactics
Florence Littauer in Great Influencer (2018: 12) says that within humans there are
different characters or personalities, so that feelings of insecurity will arise if in establishing
a relationship with others. When someone has determined to establish a relationship with
another person, personal closeness and trust between one another arise. Therefore, they can
persuade each other.
By sharing information between volunteers and administrators, they trust each other
to continue to survive in a community. The steps taken by the management itself are to
always remind all Sebung Bandung members on the WhatsApp group platform. Weekly
Sebung announcements are distributed through the group every Wednesday night. While
other announcements are distributed according to the activities held, which is no later than
three days before the activity. Then if it is seen that there are Sebung members who have not
participated in activities for more than one month, they will be contacted privately via
whatsapp chat by the Sebung public relations division. The results obtained by volunteers
become loyal because of a sense of security. They also apply again to share information as a
form of their contribution to the sustainability of the Sebung Bandung social community in
the future.
Exchange Tactics
Amin in Great Influencer (2018:59) says that feeling what others feel is extremely
difficult, requiring contemplation, an intense emotional adventure. Therefore, a person living
in this world needs a feeling adventure into other people's territory in order to care for others
more sharply. The Sebung Bandung management applies this exchange tactics factor to the
relationship between the management and volunteers. With a free event after the sharing
session, community members will freely exchange experiences, fun, and work more
intensely. Sebung administrators deliberately instill this factor so that Sebung members can
make Sebung more than just a community but can become a second home and self healing.
Sebung Bandung administrators build an atmosphere through three main topics, namely
food, love, and problems. Food and love topics are the gateway to break the ice in a forum.
Meanwhile, the topic of problems leads Sebung members, both administrators and
volunteers, to a more intense relationship. This factor causes several things in volunteers,
namely:
Similarity
Sebung Bandung's main informants are dominated by the similarity of feelings of
compatibility that arise when each volunteer feels there is something in common in the story
that was conveyed by them. The feeling of compatibility creates new things such as a sense
of gratitude, a sense of security and a sense of empathy. The feelings of compatibility felt by
Sebung volunteers are very diverse, ranging from family, personality, romantic
relationships, work and education. They find similar problems and eventually can learn from
each other, appreciate and give input to each other.
Open Attitude
The four informants who have joined the community for more than a year said they
have been open with some Sebung members whom they trust. So that they feel safe and
comfortable when telling about pleasant or sad things. Meanwhile, one main informant said
that he had not opened up to any of the Sebung volunteers or administrators because he did
not have enough time to do so.
Self Healing
Sebung is a community that can be a place for volunteers who want to heal
themselves from the burden or problems they face. The majority of Sebung volunteers are
people who are looking for a place to escape from the problems they have. This factor is
driven by the ability of Sebung's administrators to create a comfortable atmosphere and
activity time at night which makes the activity wise and meaningful.
Desire to Stay in the Community
Volunteers will stay in the Sebung community not for the reason of doing good by
sharing as the main goal, but to meet other Sebung volunteers and administrators. Sebung
volunteers consider Sebung as a family to them. Because by joining Sebung, they feel they
have found peace in themselves.
This exchange tactics factor eventually forms a sense of community or a feeling of
belonging to the Sebung Bandung community. This feeling will result in members' desire to
maintain the existence of the community in any way. One of them is by showing their
contribution in enlivening routine community activities. Sense of community has four
elements, each of which already exists and is applied to the Sebung Bandung community.
McMillan and Chavis in (Chavis, 2008) mention the four elements, namely:
Membership
Membership is the feeling that someone has invested themselves to become a
member of a community. Membership in a community has boundaries within the
community that distinguish community members from those who are not members of the
community, as well as knowing who is in the community.
The membership that distinguishes the activities of the Sebung Bandung social
community from other social communities can be seen from the activities, namely greeting
and sharing. Then for the community members themselves, Sebung members have t-shirts
and tote bags as member identities that distinguish Sebung members and members of other
communities.
Influence
Influence is the power that individuals have to influence other members and the
power of the community to influence individuals. Efforts to influence each other between
members and the community have been displayed from the entire series of Sebung Bandung
activities from briefings, taking to the streets, sharing sessions, to free events.
Shared Emotional Connection
Relationships A shared emotional connection within a community formed from
positive interactions, shared stories and shared experiences. The more people interact, the
more likely they are to form close relationships, which then leads to stronger bonds.
Members of the Sebung Bandung community, from administrators to volunteers,
have a need to share their feelings and have an emotional bond. It is shown in sharing
activities and free events that make them open and empathize with each other. The Sebung
Bandung community can survive because its community members already have the four
elements mentioned.
The five factors, namely rational persuasion, consultation tactics, ingratiation
tactics, personal appeals tactics and exchange tactics in the implementation of persuasion
communication in maintaining the loyalty of the Sebung Bandung community, are effective
because they form a community that actively contributes by participating in all Sebung
Bandung activities. In the end, a sense of community is formed in community members
which creates loyalty for Sebung Bandung community volunteers to maintain the
sustainability of the Sebung Bandung community in the future sustainability of the Sebung
community in the future.
Conclusion
Application of techniques that build persuasive communication applied by Sebung
Bandung administrators in maintaining volunteer loyalty Sebung Bandung social community
is with 1) rational tactics, which is persuasion from the first impression of meeting applied
to briefing activities, by directing volunteers based on logical reasons and data in the form of
facts, 2) consultation tactics, which is persuasion by providing facilities to develop
volunteer abilities applied to sharing session activities, by developing public speaking,
listening, empathizing and changing perceptions, 3) ingratiation tactics, which is persuading
by giving appreciation applied to the entire series of Sebung activities, by giving praise,
trust, and activity certificates, 4) personal appeal tactics, which is persuading with personal
closeness applied to sharing information, by inviting the closest friends to stay in the
community, 5) exchange tactics, which is persuading with deeper personal closeness applied
to sharing activities and free events, by creating similarity, open attitude, self healing, and
the desire to stay in the community.
Fifth techniques These five techniques create a sense of community in Sebung
Bandung community members including membership, influence, integration and fulfillment
of needs, and shared emotional connection. After a sense of community is formed, Sebung
community volunteers have the desire to contribute by participating in every Sebung
Bandung activity and ultimately form the loyalty of Sebung Bandung social community
volunteers.
Rational Persuasion
Rational action according to Weber relates to conscious consideration and the choice
that the action is expressed (Johnson, 2004: 220). Rational persuasion was implemented in
the initial series of weekly Sebung activities which took place every Friday at
20.00 WIB at the Bandung City Hall Historical Park. The activity is led by the person in
charge, which is usually taken over by the founder and co-founder of Sebung Bandung.
They started the activity with a briefing, namely a brief introduction to the Sebung
community, including the beginning of its establishment, a series of activities, and the goals
of the Sebung community itself. This was followed by an introduction to each of the
volunteers present and directions in carrying out the next series of activities. All
explanations spoken by the person in charge are always accompanied by the provision of
data or facts which are the reasons for the rules or things that Sebung community volunteers
must do.
The data and facts are obtained from the experience of the person in charge of
managing social programs or activities elsewhere. The person in charge who became the
speaker in the briefing session had two important criteria, namely credibility and
attractiveness (interest, similarity, beauty). The main objective during the briefing is to
convey a requirement for Sebung Bandung volunteers in the next series of activities, to greet
and motivate the target which is carried out for 10-15 minutes. This is a form of real
implementation of how Sebung's management conduct persuasive communication to its
volunteers. Therefore, greeting and providing motivation directed by the Sebung
management to volunteers is the first step to building volunteer loyalty. The management
provides examples and persuades with things that lead to social and humanitarian meanings.
Consultation Tactics
Dala Carnegie in Great Influencer (2018: 66) says that interest in the interlocutor can
be actualized in various ways. Even with the expression that someone is interested in
personality, experience, strengths and so on. It is also shown with body language and forms
of attention. Consultation Tactics are implemented in several series of Sebung activities, one
of which is a sharing session. The management provides a means for volunteers to be able to
hone their public speaking skills. This session was held after going to the streets at the
gathering point, Taman Sejarah. This method is in the form of an activity, where volunteers
have the opportunity to share the sharing experience that has been carried out in the down
the street session. This session was led directly by the Sebung management who was in
charge of the activity.
By forming a forum to develop public speaking skills, volunteers can not only hone
their soft skills. But they have several other abilities such as:
Public Speaking
Sebung Bandung volunteers are dominated by people with introverted personalities.
With so Sebung provides a sharing session as a platform for volunteers to develop their
public speaking skills about the stories they have. The story can be one volunteer's
experience communicating with the target or other experiences they have had in similar
social activities. The seating position when they do a sharing session is sitting in a circle and
the position of the speaker who stands where he originally sat.
Listen to
Both volunteers and administrators make themselves good listeners to the people
who are talking during the sharing session. Listening attitude from the board side can build
a good relationship with volunteers. While from the volunteers' side, it will increase their
insight and knowledge about social humanitarianism. Then loyalty will be built between
volunteers and the Sebung management itself.
Empathy
Baron and Byrne in (Asih and Pratiwi, 2010) state that empathy is the ability to feel
the emotional state of others, feel sympathetic and try to solve problems by taking other
people's perspectives. By listening to the sharing session, Sebung volunteers will learn to
understand the content of the story and appreciate the differences between people speakers
and themselves. That way Sebung volunteers can hone empathy from the exchange of stories
in the sharing.
Changing Perceptions
With the sharing session, volunteers' knowledge increases and they are able to
interpret the activities they do with a wider scope.
Ingratiation Tactics
Lincoln in Great Influencer (2018:61) said in every letter that, "Everyone Loves Praise",
humans have a desire to be important. Giving appreciation is one of the strategies to
maintain volunteer loyalty. This appreciation is applied throughout the series of Sebung
Bandung activities, namely briefings to sharing sessions. Appreciation carried out by
Sebung to its volunteers is divided into several forms, namely:
Praise
Compliments are not uncommon in the Sebung community. During briefings, there
are times when they get to know each other and compliment each other. This treatment has
become commonplace because it is easy for them to give compliments. That way when they
go down the street, volunteers also apply the behavior of the management to praise the
target. Praise for volunteers is also was raised during the sharing session. When volunteers
finish sharing their experiences, the person in charge always compliments them. It doesn't
stop at routine activities, during free events that are more about inter-personal
communication or small groups, Sebung administrators still familiarize themselves with the
program Themselves to deliver compliments so that Sebung volunteers will be more
comfortable talking and being open with the administrators or other Sebung members.
Trust
In the Sebung community, trust is given by the Sebung management when they feel
that the volunteer meets the predetermined criteria. Until now, the Sebung management has
given its trust to volunteers to manage Sebung activities such as being in charge of weekly
Sebung on Fridays, then monthly activities such as social experiences at the Dago Bandung
car free day, to annual activities such as Sebung Anniversary or Sebung Qurban. Therefore,
several Sebung activities are always accompanied by volunteers as organizers.
Activity Certificate
Sebung provides physical appreciation that can symbolize the participation of
volunteers in helping Sebung Bandung's activities. In addition to increasing volunteer
excitement and loyalty, this certificate is useful for Other volunteer interests such as the
need to fulfill the activities of certified activities as a requirement to graduate students or
exchange students and other needs. That way between the board and volunteers creates a
symbiotic condition of mutualism.
Personal Appeal Tactics
Florence Littauer in Great Influencer (2018: 12) says that within humans there are
different characters or personalities, so that feelings of insecurity will arise if in establishing
a relationship with others. When someone has determined to establish a relationship with
another person, personal closeness and trust between one another arise. Therefore, they can
persuade each other.
By sharing information between volunteers and administrators, they trust each other
to continue to survive in a community. The steps taken by the management itself are to
always remind all Sebung Bandung members on the WhatsApp group platform. Weekly
Sebung announcements are distributed through the group every Wednesday night. While
other announcements are distributed according to the activities held, which is no later than
three days before the activity. Then if it is seen that there are Sebung members who have not
participated in activities for more than one month, they will be contacted privately via
whatsapp chat by the Sebung public relations division. The results obtained by volunteers
become loyal because of a sense of security. They also apply again to share information as a
form of their contribution to the sustainability of the Sebung Bandung social community in
the future.
Exchange Tactics
Amin in Great Influencer (2018:59) says that feeling what others feel is extremely
difficult, requiring contemplation, an intense emotional adventure. Therefore, a person living
in this world needs a feeling adventure into other people's territory in order to care for others
more sharply. The Sebung Bandung management applies this exchange tactics factor to the
relationship between the management and volunteers. With a free event after the sharing
session, community members will freely exchange experiences, fun, and work more
intensely. Sebung administrators deliberately instill this factor so that Sebung members can
make Sebung more than just a community but can become a second home and self healing.
Sebung Bandung administrators build an atmosphere through three main topics, namely
food, love, and problems. Food and love topics are the gateway to break the ice in a forum.
Meanwhile, the topic of problems leads Sebung members, both administrators and
volunteers, to a more intense relationship. This factor causes several things in volunteers,
namely:
Similarity
Sebung Bandung's main informants are dominated by the similarity of feelings of
compatibility that arise when each volunteer feels there is something in common in the story
that was conveyed by them. The feeling of compatibility creates new things such as a sense
of gratitude, a sense of security and a sense of empathy. The feelings of compatibility felt by
Sebung volunteers are very diverse, ranging from family, personality, romantic
relationships, work and education. They find similar problems and eventually can learn from
each other, appreciate and give input to each other.
Open Attitude
The four informants who have joined the community for more than a year said they
have been open with some Sebung members whom they trust. So that they feel safe and
comfortable when telling about pleasant or sad things. Meanwhile, one main informant said
that he had not opened up to any of the Sebung volunteers or administrators because he did
not have enough time to do so.
Self Healing
Sebung is a community that can be a place for volunteers who want to heal
themselves from the burden or problems they face. The majority of Sebung volunteers are
people who are looking for a place to escape from the problems they have. This factor is
driven by the ability of Sebung's administrators to create a comfortable atmosphere and
activity time at night which makes the activity wise and meaningful.
Desire to Stay in the Community
Volunteers will stay in the Sebung community not for the reason of doing good by
sharing as the main goal, but to meet other Sebung volunteers and administrators. Sebung
volunteers consider Sebung as a family to them. Because by joining Sebung, they feel they
have found peace in themselves.
This exchange tactics factor eventually forms a sense of community or a feeling of
belonging to the Sebung Bandung community. This feeling will result in members' desire to
maintain the existence of the community in any way. One of them is by showing their
contribution in enlivening routine community activities. Sense of community has four
elements, each of which already exists and is applied to the Sebung Bandung community.
McMillan and Chavis in (Chavis, 2008) mention the four elements, namely:
Membership
Membership is the feeling that someone has invested themselves to become a
member of a community. Membership in a community has boundaries within the
community that distinguish community members from those who are not members of the
community, as well as knowing who is in the community.
The membership that distinguishes the activities of the Sebung Bandung social
community from other social communities can be seen from the activities, namely greeting
and sharing. Then for the community members themselves, Sebung members have t-shirts
and tote bags as member identities that distinguish Sebung members and members of other
communities.
Influence
Influence is the power that individuals have to influence other members and the
power of the community to influence individuals. Efforts to influence each other between
members and the community have been displayed from the entire series of Sebung Bandung
activities from briefings, taking to the streets, sharing sessions, to free events.
Shared Emotional Connection
Relationships A shared emotional connection within a community formed from
positive interactions, shared stories and shared experiences. The more people interact, the
more likely they are to form close relationships, which then leads to stronger bonds.
Members of the Sebung Bandung community, from administrators to volunteers,
have a need to share their feelings and have an emotional bond. It is shown in sharing
activities and free events that make them open and empathize with each other. The Sebung
Bandung community can survive because its community members already have the four
elements mentioned.
The five factors, namely rational persuasion, consultation tactics, ingratiation
tactics, personal appeals tactics and exchange tactics in the implementation of persuasion
communication in maintaining the loyalty of the Sebung Bandung community, are effective
because they form a community that actively contributes by participating in all Sebung
Bandung activities. In the end, a sense of community is formed in community members
which creates loyalty for Sebung Bandung community volunteers to maintain the
sustainability of the Sebung Bandung community in the future sustainability of the Sebung
community in the future.
Conclusion
Application of techniques that build persuasive communication applied by Sebung
Bandung administrators in maintaining volunteer loyalty Sebung Bandung social community
is with 1) rational tactics, which is persuasion from the first impression of meeting applied
to briefing activities, by directing volunteers based on logical reasons and data in the form of
facts, 2) consultation tactics, which is persuasion by providing facilities to develop
volunteer abilities applied to sharing session activities, by developing public speaking,
listening, empathizing and changing perceptions, 3) ingratiation tactics, which is persuading
by giving appreciation applied to the entire series of Sebung activities, by giving praise,
trust, and activity certificates, 4) personal appeal tactics, which is persuading with personal
closeness applied to sharing information, by inviting the closest friends to stay in the
community, 5) exchange tactics, which is persuading with deeper personal closeness applied
to sharing activities and free events, by creating similarity, open attitude, self healing, and
the desire to stay in the community.
Fifth techniques These five techniques create a sense of community in Sebung
Bandung community members including membership, influence, integration and fulfillment
of needs, and shared emotional connection. After a sense of community is formed, Sebung
community volunteers have the desire to contribute by participating in every Sebung
Bandung activity and ultimately form the loyalty of Sebung Bandung social community
volunteers.
Rational Persuasion
Rational action according to Weber relates to conscious consideration and the choice
that the action is expressed (Johnson, 2004: 220). Rational persuasion was implemented in
the initial series of weekly Sebung activities which took place every Friday at
20.00 WIB at the Bandung City Hall Historical Park. The activity is led by the person in
charge, which is usually taken over by the founder and co-founder of Sebung Bandung.
They started the activity with a briefing, namely a brief introduction to the Sebung
community, including the beginning of its establishment, a series of activities, and the goals
of the Sebung community itself. This was followed by an introduction to each of the
volunteers present and directions in carrying out the next series of activities. All
explanations spoken by the person in charge are always accompanied by the provision of
data or facts which are the reasons for the rules or things that Sebung community volunteers
must do.
The data and facts are obtained from the experience of the person in charge of
managing social programs or activities elsewhere. The person in charge who became the
speaker in the briefing session had two important criteria, namely credibility and
attractiveness (interest, similarity, beauty). The main objective during the briefing is to
convey a requirement for Sebung Bandung volunteers in the next series of activities, to greet
and motivate the target which is carried out for 10-15 minutes. This is a form of real
implementation of how Sebung's management conduct persuasive communication to its
volunteers. Therefore, greeting and providing motivation directed by the Sebung
management to volunteers is the first step to building volunteer loyalty. The management
provides examples and persuades with things that lead to social and humanitarian meanings.
Consultation Tactics
Dala Carnegie in Great Influencer (2018: 66) says that interest in the interlocutor can
be actualized in various ways. Even with the expression that someone is interested in
personality, experience, strengths and so on. It is also shown with body language and forms
of attention. Consultation Tactics are implemented in several series of Sebung activities, one
of which is a sharing session. The management provides a means for volunteers to be able to
hone their public speaking skills. This session was held after going to the streets at the
gathering point, Taman Sejarah. This method is in the form of an activity, where volunteers
have the opportunity to share the sharing experience that has been carried out in the down
the street session. This session was led directly by the Sebung management who was in
charge of the activity.
By forming a forum to develop public speaking skills, volunteers can not only hone
their soft skills. But they have several other abilities such as:
Public Speaking
Sebung Bandung volunteers are dominated by people with introverted personalities.
With so Sebung provides a sharing session as a platform for volunteers to develop their
public speaking skills about the stories they have. The story can be one volunteer's
experience communicating with the target or other experiences they have had in similar
social activities. The seating position when they do a sharing session is sitting in a circle and
the position of the speaker who stands where he originally sat.
Listen to
Both volunteers and administrators make themselves good listeners to the people
who are talking during the sharing session. Listening attitude from the board side can build
a good relationship with volunteers. While from the volunteers' side, it will increase their
insight and knowledge about social humanitarianism. Then loyalty will be built between
volunteers and the Sebung management itself.
Empathy
Baron and Byrne in (Asih and Pratiwi, 2010) state that empathy is the ability to feel
the emotional state of others, feel sympathetic and try to solve problems by taking other
people's perspectives. By listening to the sharing session, Sebung volunteers will learn to
understand the content of the story and appreciate the differences between people speakers
and themselves. That way Sebung volunteers can hone empathy from the exchange of stories
in the sharing.
Changing Perceptions
With the sharing session, volunteers' knowledge increases and they are able to
interpret the activities they do with a wider scope.
Ingratiation Tactics
Lincoln in Great Influencer (2018:61) said in every letter that, "Everyone Loves Praise",
humans have a desire to be important. Giving appreciation is one of the strategies to
maintain volunteer loyalty. This appreciation is applied throughout the series of Sebung
Bandung activities, namely briefings to sharing sessions. Appreciation carried out by
Sebung to its volunteers is divided into several forms, namely:
Praise
Compliments are not uncommon in the Sebung community. During briefings, there
are times when they get to know each other and compliment each other. This treatment has
become commonplace because it is easy for them to give compliments. That way when they
go down the street, volunteers also apply the behavior of the management to praise the
target. Praise for volunteers is also was raised during the sharing session. When volunteers
finish sharing their experiences, the person in charge always compliments them. It doesn't
stop at routine activities, during free events that are more about inter-personal
communication or small groups, Sebung administrators still familiarize themselves with the
program Themselves to deliver compliments so that Sebung volunteers will be more
comfortable talking and being open with the administrators or other Sebung members.
Trust
In the Sebung community, trust is given by the Sebung management when they feel
that the volunteer meets the predetermined criteria. Until now, the Sebung management has
given its trust to volunteers to manage Sebung activities such as being in charge of weekly
Sebung on Fridays, then monthly activities such as social experiences at the Dago Bandung
car free day, to annual activities such as Sebung Anniversary or Sebung Qurban. Therefore,
several Sebung activities are always accompanied by volunteers as organizers.
Activity Certificate
Sebung provides physical appreciation that can symbolize the participation of
volunteers in helping Sebung Bandung's activities. In addition to increasing volunteer
excitement and loyalty, this certificate is useful for Other volunteer interests such as the
need to fulfill the activities of certified activities as a requirement to graduate students or
exchange students and other needs. That way between the board and volunteers creates a
symbiotic condition of mutualism.
Personal Appeal Tactics
Florence Littauer in Great Influencer (2018: 12) says that within humans there are
different characters or personalities, so that feelings of insecurity will arise if in establishing
a relationship with others. When someone has determined to establish a relationship with
another person, personal closeness and trust between one another arise. Therefore, they can
persuade each other.
By sharing information between volunteers and administrators, they trust each other
to continue to survive in a community. The steps taken by the management itself are to
always remind all Sebung Bandung members on the WhatsApp group platform. Weekly
Sebung announcements are distributed through the group every Wednesday night. While
other announcements are distributed according to the activities held, which is no later than
three days before the activity. Then if it is seen that there are Sebung members who have not
participated in activities for more than one month, they will be contacted privately via
whatsapp chat by the Sebung public relations division. The results obtained by volunteers
become loyal because of a sense of security. They also apply again to share information as a
form of their contribution to the sustainability of the Sebung Bandung social community in
the future.
Exchange Tactics
Amin in Great Influencer (2018:59) says that feeling what others feel is extremely
difficult, requiring contemplation, an intense emotional adventure. Therefore, a person living
in this world needs a feeling adventure into other people's territory in order to care for others
more sharply. The Sebung Bandung management applies this exchange tactics factor to the
relationship between the management and volunteers. With a free event after the sharing
session, community members will freely exchange experiences, fun, and work more
intensely. Sebung administrators deliberately instill this factor so that Sebung members can
make Sebung more than just a community but can become a second home and self healing.
Sebung Bandung administrators build an atmosphere through three main topics, namely
food, love, and problems. Food and love topics are the gateway to break the ice in a forum.
Meanwhile, the topic of problems leads Sebung members, both administrators and
volunteers, to a more intense relationship. This factor causes several things in volunteers,
namely:
Similarity
Sebung Bandung's main informants are dominated by the similarity of feelings of
compatibility that arise when each volunteer feels there is something in common in the story
that was conveyed by them. The feeling of compatibility creates new things such as a sense
of gratitude, a sense of security and a sense of empathy. The feelings of compatibility felt by
Sebung volunteers are very diverse, ranging from family, personality, romantic
relationships, work and education. They find similar problems and eventually can learn from
each other, appreciate and give input to each other.
Open Attitude
The four informants who have joined the community for more than a year said they
have been open with some Sebung members whom they trust. So that they feel safe and
comfortable when telling about pleasant or sad things. Meanwhile, one main informant said
that he had not opened up to any of the Sebung volunteers or administrators because he did
not have enough time to do so.
Self Healing
Sebung is a community that can be a place for volunteers who want to heal
themselves from the burden or problems they face. The majority of Sebung volunteers are
people who are looking for a place to escape from the problems they have. This factor is
driven by the ability of Sebung's administrators to create a comfortable atmosphere and
activity time at night which makes the activity wise and meaningful.
Desire to Stay in the Community
Volunteers will stay in the Sebung community not for the reason of doing good by
sharing as the main goal, but to meet other Sebung volunteers and administrators. Sebung
volunteers consider Sebung as a family to them. Because by joining Sebung, they feel they
have found peace in themselves.
This exchange tactics factor eventually forms a sense of community or a feeling of
belonging to the Sebung Bandung community. This feeling will result in members' desire to
maintain the existence of the community in any way. One of them is by showing their
contribution in enlivening routine community activities. Sense of community has four
elements, each of which already exists and is applied to the Sebung Bandung community.
McMillan and Chavis in (Chavis, 2008) mention the four elements, namely:
Membership
Membership is the feeling that someone has invested themselves to become a
member of a community. Membership in a community has boundaries within the
community that distinguish community members from those who are not members of the
community, as well as knowing who is in the community.
The membership that distinguishes the activities of the Sebung Bandung social
community from other social communities can be seen from the activities, namely greeting
and sharing. Then for the community members themselves, Sebung members have t-shirts
and tote bags as member identities that distinguish Sebung members and members of other
communities.
Influence
Influence is the power that individuals have to influence other members and the
power of the community to influence individuals. Efforts to influence each other between
members and the community have been displayed from the entire series of Sebung Bandung
activities from briefings, taking to the streets, sharing sessions, to free events.
Shared Emotional Connection
Relationships A shared emotional connection within a community formed from
positive interactions, shared stories and shared experiences. The more people interact, the
more likely they are to form close relationships, which then leads to stronger bonds.
Members of the Sebung Bandung community, from administrators to volunteers,
have a need to share their feelings and have an emotional bond. It is shown in sharing
activities and free events that make them open and empathize with each other. The Sebung
Bandung community can survive because its community members already have the four
elements mentioned.
The five factors, namely rational persuasion, consultation tactics, ingratiation
tactics, personal appeals tactics and exchange tactics in the implementation of persuasion
communication in maintaining the loyalty of the Sebung Bandung community, are effective
because they form a community that actively contributes by participating in all Sebung
Bandung activities. In the end, a sense of community is formed in community members
which creates loyalty for Sebung Bandung community volunteers to maintain the
sustainability of the Sebung Bandung community in the future sustainability of the Sebung
community in the future.
Conclusion
Application of techniques that build persuasive communication applied by Sebung
Bandung administrators in maintaining volunteer loyalty Sebung Bandung social community
is with 1) rational tactics, which is persuasion from the first impression of meeting applied
to briefing activities, by directing volunteers based on logical reasons and data in the form of
facts, 2) consultation tactics, which is persuasion by providing facilities to develop
volunteer abilities applied to sharing session activities, by developing public speaking,
listening, empathizing and changing perceptions, 3) ingratiation tactics, which is persuading
by giving appreciation applied to the entire series of Sebung activities, by giving praise,
trust, and activity certificates, 4) personal appeal tactics, which is persuading with personal
closeness applied to sharing information, by inviting the closest friends to stay in the
community, 5) exchange tactics, which is persuading with deeper personal closeness applied
to sharing activities and free events, by creating similarity, open attitude, self healing, and
the desire to stay in the community.
Fifth techniques These five techniques create a sense of community in Sebung
Bandung community members including membership, influence, integration and fulfillment
of needs, and shared emotional connection. After a sense of community is formed, Sebung
community volunteers have the desire to contribute by participating in every Sebung
Bandung activity and ultimately form the loyalty of Sebung Bandung social community
volunteers.
Rational Persuasion
Rational action according to Weber relates to conscious consideration and the choice
that the action is expressed (Johnson, 2004: 220). Rational persuasion was implemented in
the initial series of weekly Sebung activities which took place every Friday at
20.00 WIB at the Bandung City Hall Historical Park. The activity is led by the person in
charge, which is usually taken over by the founder and co-founder of Sebung Bandung.
They started the activity with a briefing, namely a brief introduction to the Sebung
community, including the beginning of its establishment, a series of activities, and the goals
of the Sebung community itself. This was followed by an introduction to each of the
volunteers present and directions in carrying out the next series of activities. All
explanations spoken by the person in charge are always accompanied by the provision of
data or facts which are the reasons for the rules or things that Sebung community volunteers
must do.
The data and facts are obtained from the experience of the person in charge of
managing social programs or activities elsewhere. The person in charge who became the
speaker in the briefing session had two important criteria, namely credibility and
attractiveness (interest, similarity, beauty). The main objective during the briefing is to
convey a requirement for Sebung Bandung volunteers in the next series of activities, to greet
and motivate the target which is carried out for 10-15 minutes. This is a form of real
implementation of how Sebung's management conduct persuasive communication to its
volunteers. Therefore, greeting and providing motivation directed by the Sebung
management to volunteers is the first step to building volunteer loyalty. The management
provides examples and persuades with things that lead to social and humanitarian meanings.
Consultation Tactics
Dala Carnegie in Great Influencer (2018: 66) says that interest in the interlocutor can
be actualized in various ways. Even with the expression that someone is interested in
personality, experience, strengths and so on. It is also shown with body language and forms
of attention. Consultation Tactics are implemented in several series of Sebung activities, one
of which is a sharing session. The management provides a means for volunteers to be able to
hone their public speaking skills. This session was held after going to the streets at the
gathering point, Taman Sejarah. This method is in the form of an activity, where volunteers
have the opportunity to share the sharing experience that has been carried out in the down
the street session. This session was led directly by the Sebung management who was in
charge of the activity.
By forming a forum to develop public speaking skills, volunteers can not only hone
their soft skills. But they have several other abilities such as:
Public Speaking
Sebung Bandung volunteers are dominated by people with introverted personalities.
With so Sebung provides a sharing session as a platform for volunteers to develop their
public speaking skills about the stories they have. The story can be one volunteer's
experience communicating with the target or other experiences they have had in similar
social activities. The seating position when they do a sharing session is sitting in a circle and
the position of the speaker who stands where he originally sat.
Listen to
Both volunteers and administrators make themselves good listeners to the people
who are talking during the sharing session. Listening attitude from the board side can build
a good relationship with volunteers. While from the volunteers' side, it will increase their
insight and knowledge about social humanitarianism. Then loyalty will be built between
volunteers and the Sebung management itself.
Empathy
Baron and Byrne in (Asih and Pratiwi, 2010) state that empathy is the ability to feel
the emotional state of others, feel sympathetic and try to solve problems by taking other
people's perspectives. By listening to the sharing session, Sebung volunteers will learn to
understand the content of the story and appreciate the differences between people speakers
and themselves. That way Sebung volunteers can hone empathy from the exchange of stories
in the sharing.
Changing Perceptions
With the sharing session, volunteers' knowledge increases and they are able to
interpret the activities they do with a wider scope.
Ingratiation Tactics
Lincoln in Great Influencer (2018:61) said in every letter that, "Everyone Loves Praise",
humans have a desire to be important. Giving appreciation is one of the strategies to
maintain volunteer loyalty. This appreciation is applied throughout the series of Sebung
Bandung activities, namely briefings to sharing sessions. Appreciation carried out by
Sebung to its volunteers is divided into several forms, namely:
Praise
Compliments are not uncommon in the Sebung community. During briefings, there
are times when they get to know each other and compliment each other. This treatment has
become commonplace because it is easy for them to give compliments. That way when they
go down the street, volunteers also apply the behavior of the management to praise the
target. Praise for volunteers is also was raised during the sharing session. When volunteers
finish sharing their experiences, the person in charge always compliments them. It doesn't
stop at routine activities, during free events that are more about inter-personal
communication or small groups, Sebung administrators still familiarize themselves with the
program Themselves to deliver compliments so that Sebung volunteers will be more
comfortable talking and being open with the administrators or other Sebung members.
Trust
In the Sebung community, trust is given by the Sebung management when they feel
that the volunteer meets the predetermined criteria. Until now, the Sebung management has
given its trust to volunteers to manage Sebung activities such as being in charge of weekly
Sebung on Fridays, then monthly activities such as social experiences at the Dago Bandung
car free day, to annual activities such as Sebung Anniversary or Sebung Qurban. Therefore,
several Sebung activities are always accompanied by volunteers as organizers.
Activity Certificate
Sebung provides physical appreciation that can symbolize the participation of
volunteers in helping Sebung Bandung's activities. In addition to increasing volunteer
excitement and loyalty, this certificate is useful for Other volunteer interests such as the
need to fulfill the activities of certified activities as a requirement to graduate students or
exchange students and other needs. That way between the board and volunteers creates a
symbiotic condition of mutualism.
Personal Appeal Tactics
Florence Littauer in Great Influencer (2018: 12) says that within humans there are
different characters or personalities, so that feelings of insecurity will arise if in establishing
a relationship with others. When someone has determined to establish a relationship with
another person, personal closeness and trust between one another arise. Therefore, they can
persuade each other.
By sharing information between volunteers and administrators, they trust each other
to continue to survive in a community. The steps taken by the management itself are to
always remind all Sebung Bandung members on the WhatsApp group platform. Weekly
Sebung announcements are distributed through the group every Wednesday night. While
other announcements are distributed according to the activities held, which is no later than
three days before the activity. Then if it is seen that there are Sebung members who have not
participated in activities for more than one month, they will be contacted privately via
whatsapp chat by the Sebung public relations division. The results obtained by volunteers
become loyal because of a sense of security. They also apply again to share information as a
form of their contribution to the sustainability of the Sebung Bandung social community in
the future.
Exchange Tactics
Amin in Great Influencer (2018:59) says that feeling what others feel is extremely
difficult, requiring contemplation, an intense emotional adventure. Therefore, a person living
in this world needs a feeling adventure into other people's territory in order to care for others
more sharply. The Sebung Bandung management applies this exchange tactics factor to the
relationship between the management and volunteers. With a free event after the sharing
session, community members will freely exchange experiences, fun, and work more
intensely. Sebung administrators deliberately instill this factor so that Sebung members can
make Sebung more than just a community but can become a second home and self healing.
Sebung Bandung administrators build an atmosphere through three main topics, namely
food, love, and problems. Food and love topics are the gateway to break the ice in a forum.
Meanwhile, the topic of problems leads Sebung members, both administrators and
volunteers, to a more intense relationship. This factor causes several things in volunteers,
namely:
Similarity
Sebung Bandung's main informants are dominated by the similarity of feelings of
compatibility that arise when each volunteer feels there is something in common in the story
that was conveyed by them. The feeling of compatibility creates new things such as a sense
of gratitude, a sense of security and a sense of empathy. The feelings of compatibility felt by
Sebung volunteers are very diverse, ranging from family, personality, romantic
relationships, work and education. They find similar problems and eventually can learn from
each other, appreciate and give input to each other.
Open Attitude
The four informants who have joined the community for more than a year said they
have been open with some Sebung members whom they trust. So that they feel safe and
comfortable when telling about pleasant or sad things. Meanwhile, one main informant said
that he had not opened up to any of the Sebung volunteers or administrators because he did
not have enough time to do so.
Self Healing
Sebung is a community that can be a place for volunteers who want to heal
themselves from the burden or problems they face. The majority of Sebung volunteers are
people who are looking for a place to escape from the problems they have. This factor is
driven by the ability of Sebung's administrators to create a comfortable atmosphere and
activity time at night which makes the activity wise and meaningful.
Desire to Stay in the Community
Volunteers will stay in the Sebung community not for the reason of doing good by
sharing as the main goal, but to meet other Sebung volunteers and administrators. Sebung
volunteers consider Sebung as a family to them. Because by joining Sebung, they feel they
have found peace in themselves.
This exchange tactics factor eventually forms a sense of community or a feeling of
belonging to the Sebung Bandung community. This feeling will result in members' desire to
maintain the existence of the community in any way. One of them is by showing their
contribution in enlivening routine community activities. Sense of community has four
elements, each of which already exists and is applied to the Sebung Bandung community.
McMillan and Chavis in (Chavis, 2008) mention the four elements, namely:
Membership
Membership is the feeling that someone has invested themselves to become a
member of a community. Membership in a community has boundaries within the
community that distinguish community members from those who are not members of the
community, as well as knowing who is in the community.
The membership that distinguishes the activities of the Sebung Bandung social
community from other social communities can be seen from the activities, namely greeting
and sharing. Then for the community members themselves, Sebung members have t-shirts
and tote bags as member identities that distinguish Sebung members and members of other
communities.
Influence
Influence is the power that individuals have to influence other members and the
power of the community to influence individuals. Efforts to influence each other between
members and the community have been displayed from the entire series of Sebung Bandung
activities from briefings, taking to the streets, sharing sessions, to free events.
Shared Emotional Connection
Relationships A shared emotional connection within a community formed from
positive interactions, shared stories and shared experiences. The more people interact, the
more likely they are to form close relationships, which then leads to stronger bonds.
Members of the Sebung Bandung community, from administrators to volunteers,
have a need to share their feelings and have an emotional bond. It is shown in sharing
activities and free events that make them open and empathize with each other. The Sebung
Bandung community can survive because its community members already have the four
elements mentioned.
The five factors, namely rational persuasion, consultation tactics, ingratiation
tactics, personal appeals tactics and exchange tactics in the implementation of persuasion
communication in maintaining the loyalty of the Sebung Bandung community, are effective
because they form a community that actively contributes by participating in all Sebung
Bandung activities. In the end, a sense of community is formed in community members
which creates loyalty for Sebung Bandung community volunteers to maintain the
sustainability of the Sebung Bandung community in the future sustainability of the Sebung
community in the future.
Conclusion
Application of techniques that build persuasive communication applied by Sebung
Bandung administrators in maintaining volunteer loyalty Sebung Bandung social community
is with 1) rational tactics, which is persuasion from the first impression of meeting applied
to briefing activities, by directing volunteers based on logical reasons and data in the form of
facts, 2) consultation tactics, which is persuasion by providing facilities to develop
volunteer abilities applied to sharing session activities, by developing public speaking,
listening, empathizing and changing perceptions, 3) ingratiation tactics, which is persuading
by giving appreciation applied to the entire series of Sebung activities, by giving praise,
trust, and activity certificates, 4) personal appeal tactics, which is persuading with personal
closeness applied to sharing information, by inviting the closest friends to stay in the
community, 5) exchange tactics, which is persuading with deeper personal closeness applied
to sharing activities and free events, by creating similarity, open attitude, self healing, and
the desire to stay in the community.
Fifth techniques These five techniques create a sense of community in Sebung
Bandung community members including membership, influence, integration and fulfillment
of needs, and shared emotional connection. After a sense of community is formed, Sebung
community volunteers have the desire to contribute by participating in every Sebung
Bandung activity and ultimately form the loyalty of Sebung Bandung social community
volunteers.
Rational Persuasion
Rational action according to Weber relates to conscious consideration and the choice
that the action is expressed (Johnson, 2004: 220). Rational persuasion was implemented in
the initial series of weekly Sebung activities which took place every Friday at
20.00 WIB at the Bandung City Hall Historical Park. The activity is led by the person in
charge, which is usually taken over by the founder and co-founder of Sebung Bandung.
They started the activity with a briefing, namely a brief introduction to the Sebung
community, including the beginning of its establishment, a series of activities, and the goals
of the Sebung community itself. This was followed by an introduction to each of the
volunteers present and directions in carrying out the next series of activities. All
explanations spoken by the person in charge are always accompanied by the provision of
data or facts which are the reasons for the rules or things that Sebung community volunteers
must do.
The data and facts are obtained from the experience of the person in charge of
managing social programs or activities elsewhere. The person in charge who became the
speaker in the briefing session had two important criteria, namely credibility and
attractiveness (interest, similarity, beauty). The main objective during the briefing is to
convey a requirement for Sebung Bandung volunteers in the next series of activities, to greet
and motivate the target which is carried out for 10-15 minutes. This is a form of real
implementation of how Sebung's management conduct persuasive communication to its
volunteers. Therefore, greeting and providing motivation directed by the Sebung
management to volunteers is the first step to building volunteer loyalty. The management
provides examples and persuades with things that lead to social and humanitarian meanings.
Consultation Tactics
Dala Carnegie in Great Influencer (2018: 66) says that interest in the interlocutor can
be actualized in various ways. Even with the expression that someone is interested in
personality, experience, strengths and so on. It is also shown with body language and forms
of attention. Consultation Tactics are implemented in several series of Sebung activities, one
of which is a sharing session. The management provides a means for volunteers to be able to
hone their public speaking skills. This session was held after going to the streets at the
gathering point, Taman Sejarah. This method is in the form of an activity, where volunteers
have the opportunity to share the sharing experience that has been carried out in the down
the street session. This session was led directly by the Sebung management who was in
charge of the activity.
By forming a forum to develop public speaking skills, volunteers can not only hone
their soft skills. But they have several other abilities such as:
Public Speaking
Sebung Bandung volunteers are dominated by people with introverted personalities.
With so Sebung provides a sharing session as a platform for volunteers to develop their
public speaking skills about the stories they have. The story can be one volunteer's
experience communicating with the target or other experiences they have had in similar
social activities. The seating position when they do a sharing session is sitting in a circle and
the position of the speaker who stands where he originally sat.
Listen to
Both volunteers and administrators make themselves good listeners to the people
who are talking during the sharing session. Listening attitude from the board side can build
a good relationship with volunteers. While from the volunteers' side, it will increase their
insight and knowledge about social humanitarianism. Then loyalty will be built between
volunteers and the Sebung management itself.
Empathy
Baron and Byrne in (Asih and Pratiwi, 2010) state that empathy is the ability to feel
the emotional state of others, feel sympathetic and try to solve problems by taking other
people's perspectives. By listening to the sharing session, Sebung volunteers will learn to
understand the content of the story and appreciate the differences between people speakers
and themselves. That way Sebung volunteers can hone empathy from the exchange of stories
in the sharing.
Changing Perceptions
With the sharing session, volunteers' knowledge increases and they are able to
interpret the activities they do with a wider scope.
Ingratiation Tactics
Lincoln in Great Influencer (2018:61) said in every letter that, "Everyone Loves Praise",
humans have a desire to be important. Giving appreciation is one of the strategies to
maintain volunteer loyalty. This appreciation is applied throughout the series of Sebung
Bandung activities, namely briefings to sharing sessions. Appreciation carried out by
Sebung to its volunteers is divided into several forms, namely:
Praise
Compliments are not uncommon in the Sebung community. During briefings, there
are times when they get to know each other and compliment each other. This treatment has
become commonplace because it is easy for them to give compliments. That way when they
go down the street, volunteers also apply the behavior of the management to praise the
target. Praise for volunteers is also was raised during the sharing session. When volunteers
finish sharing their experiences, the person in charge always compliments them. It doesn't
stop at routine activities, during free events that are more about inter-personal
communication or small groups, Sebung administrators still familiarize themselves with the
program Themselves to deliver compliments so that Sebung volunteers will be more
comfortable talking and being open with the administrators or other Sebung members.
Trust
In the Sebung community, trust is given by the Sebung management when they feel
that the volunteer meets the predetermined criteria. Until now, the Sebung management has
given its trust to volunteers to manage Sebung activities such as being in charge of weekly
Sebung on Fridays, then monthly activities such as social experiences at the Dago Bandung
car free day, to annual activities such as Sebung Anniversary or Sebung Qurban. Therefore,
several Sebung activities are always accompanied by volunteers as organizers.
Activity Certificate
Sebung provides physical appreciation that can symbolize the participation of
volunteers in helping Sebung Bandung's activities. In addition to increasing volunteer
excitement and loyalty, this certificate is useful for Other volunteer interests such as the
need to fulfill the activities of certified activities as a requirement to graduate students or
exchange students and other needs. That way between the board and volunteers creates a
symbiotic condition of mutualism.
Personal Appeal Tactics
Florence Littauer in Great Influencer (2018: 12) says that within humans there are
different characters or personalities, so that feelings of insecurity will arise if in establishing
a relationship with others. When someone has determined to establish a relationship with
another person, personal closeness and trust between one another arise. Therefore, they can
persuade each other.
By sharing information between volunteers and administrators, they trust each other
to continue to survive in a community. The steps taken by the management itself are to
always remind all Sebung Bandung members on the WhatsApp group platform. Weekly
Sebung announcements are distributed through the group every Wednesday night. While
other announcements are distributed according to the activities held, which is no later than
three days before the activity. Then if it is seen that there are Sebung members who have not
participated in activities for more than one month, they will be contacted privately via
whatsapp chat by the Sebung public relations division. The results obtained by volunteers
become loyal because of a sense of security. They also apply again to share information as a
form of their contribution to the sustainability of the Sebung Bandung social community in
the future.
Exchange Tactics
Amin in Great Influencer (2018:59) says that feeling what others feel is extremely
difficult, requiring contemplation, an intense emotional adventure. Therefore, a person living
in this world needs a feeling adventure into other people's territory in order to care for others
more sharply. The Sebung Bandung management applies this exchange tactics factor to the
relationship between the management and volunteers. With a free event after the sharing
session, community members will freely exchange experiences, fun, and work more
intensely. Sebung administrators deliberately instill this factor so that Sebung members can
make Sebung more than just a community but can become a second home and self healing.
Sebung Bandung administrators build an atmosphere through three main topics, namely
food, love, and problems. Food and love topics are the gateway to break the ice in a forum.
Meanwhile, the topic of problems leads Sebung members, both administrators and
volunteers, to a more intense relationship. This factor causes several things in volunteers,
namely:
Similarity
Sebung Bandung's main informants are dominated by the similarity of feelings of
compatibility that arise when each volunteer feels there is something in common in the story
that was conveyed by them. The feeling of compatibility creates new things such as a sense
of gratitude, a sense of security and a sense of empathy. The feelings of compatibility felt by
Sebung volunteers are very diverse, ranging from family, personality, romantic
relationships, work and education. They find similar problems and eventually can learn from
each other, appreciate and give input to each other.
Open Attitude
The four informants who have joined the community for more than a year said they
have been open with some Sebung members whom they trust. So that they feel safe and
comfortable when telling about pleasant or sad things. Meanwhile, one main informant said
that he had not opened up to any of the Sebung volunteers or administrators because he did
not have enough time to do so.
Self Healing
Sebung is a community that can be a place for volunteers who want to heal
themselves from the burden or problems they face. The majority of Sebung volunteers are
people who are looking for a place to escape from the problems they have. This factor is
driven by the ability of Sebung's administrators to create a comfortable atmosphere and
activity time at night which makes the activity wise and meaningful.
Desire to Stay in the Community
Volunteers will stay in the Sebung community not for the reason of doing good by
sharing as the main goal, but to meet other Sebung volunteers and administrators. Sebung
volunteers consider Sebung as a family to them. Because by joining Sebung, they feel they
have found peace in themselves.
This exchange tactics factor eventually forms a sense of community or a feeling of
belonging to the Sebung Bandung community. This feeling will result in members' desire to
maintain the existence of the community in any way. One of them is by showing their
contribution in enlivening routine community activities. Sense of community has four
elements, each of which already exists and is applied to the Sebung Bandung community.
McMillan and Chavis in (Chavis, 2008) mention the four elements, namely:
Membership
Membership is the feeling that someone has invested themselves to become a
member of a community. Membership in a community has boundaries within the
community that distinguish community members from those who are not members of the
community, as well as knowing who is in the community.
The membership that distinguishes the activities of the Sebung Bandung social
community from other social communities can be seen from the activities, namely greeting
and sharing. Then for the community members themselves, Sebung members have t-shirts
and tote bags as member identities that distinguish Sebung members and members of other
communities.
Influence
Influence is the power that individuals have to influence other members and the
power of the community to influence individuals. Efforts to influence each other between
members and the community have been displayed from the entire series of Sebung Bandung
activities from briefings, taking to the streets, sharing sessions, to free events.
Shared Emotional Connection
Relationships A shared emotional connection within a community formed from
positive interactions, shared stories and shared experiences. The more people interact, the
more likely they are to form close relationships, which then leads to stronger bonds.
Members of the Sebung Bandung community, from administrators to volunteers,
have a need to share their feelings and have an emotional bond. It is shown in sharing
activities and free events that make them open and empathize with each other. The Sebung
Bandung community can survive because its community members already have the four
elements mentioned.
The five factors, namely rational persuasion, consultation tactics, ingratiation
tactics, personal appeals tactics and exchange tactics in the implementation of persuasion
communication in maintaining the loyalty of the Sebung Bandung community, are effective
because they form a community that actively contributes by participating in all Sebung
Bandung activities. In the end, a sense of community is formed in community members
which creates loyalty for Sebung Bandung community volunteers to maintain the
sustainability of the Sebung Bandung community in the future sustainability of the Sebung
community in the future.
Conclusion
Application of techniques that build persuasive communication applied by Sebung
Bandung administrators in maintaining volunteer loyalty Sebung Bandung social community
is with 1) rational tactics, which is persuasion from the first impression of meeting applied
to briefing activities, by directing volunteers based on logical reasons and data in the form of
facts, 2) consultation tactics, which is persuasion by providing facilities to develop
volunteer abilities applied to sharing session activities, by developing public speaking,
listening, empathizing and changing perceptions, 3) ingratiation tactics, which is persuading
by giving appreciation applied to the entire series of Sebung activities, by giving praise,
trust, and activity certificates, 4) personal appeal tactics, which is persuading with personal
closeness applied to sharing information, by inviting the closest friends to stay in the
community, 5) exchange tactics, which is persuading with deeper personal closeness applied
to sharing activities and free events, by creating similarity, open attitude, self healing, and
the desire to stay in the community.
Fifth techniques These five techniques create a sense of community in Sebung
Bandung community members including membership, influence, integration and fulfillment
of needs, and shared emotional connection. After a sense of community is formed, Sebung
community volunteers have the desire to contribute by participating in every Sebung
Bandung activity and ultimately form the loyalty of Sebung Bandung social community
volunteers.
Rational Persuasion
Rational action according to Weber relates to conscious consideration and the choice
that the action is expressed (Johnson, 2004: 220). Rational persuasion was implemented in
the initial series of weekly Sebung activities which took place every Friday at
20.00 WIB at the Bandung City Hall Historical Park. The activity is led by the person in
charge, which is usually taken over by the founder and co-founder of Sebung Bandung.
They started the activity with a briefing, namely a brief introduction to the Sebung
community, including the beginning of its establishment, a series of activities, and the goals
of the Sebung community itself. This was followed by an introduction to each of the
volunteers present and directions in carrying out the next series of activities. All
explanations spoken by the person in charge are always accompanied by the provision of
data or facts which are the reasons for the rules or things that Sebung community volunteers
must do.
The data and facts are obtained from the experience of the person in charge of
managing social programs or activities elsewhere. The person in charge who became the
speaker in the briefing session had two important criteria, namely credibility and
attractiveness (interest, similarity, beauty). The main objective during the briefing is to
convey a requirement for Sebung Bandung volunteers in the next series of activities, to greet
and motivate the target which is carried out for 10-15 minutes. This is a form of real
implementation of how Sebung's management conduct persuasive communication to its
volunteers. Therefore, greeting and providing motivation directed by the Sebung
management to volunteers is the first step to building volunteer loyalty. The management
provides examples and persuades with things that lead to social and humanitarian meanings.
Consultation Tactics
Dala Carnegie in Great Influencer (2018: 66) says that interest in the interlocutor can
be actualized in various ways. Even with the expression that someone is interested in
personality, experience, strengths and so on. It is also shown with body language and forms
of attention. Consultation Tactics are implemented in several series of Sebung activities, one
of which is a sharing session. The management provides a means for volunteers to be able to
hone their public speaking skills. This session was held after going to the streets at the
gathering point, Taman Sejarah. This method is in the form of an activity, where volunteers
have the opportunity to share the sharing experience that has been carried out in the down
the street session. This session was led directly by the Sebung management who was in
charge of the activity.
By forming a forum to develop public speaking skills, volunteers can not only hone
their soft skills. But they have several other abilities such as:
Public Speaking
Sebung Bandung volunteers are dominated by people with introverted personalities.
With so Sebung provides a sharing session as a platform for volunteers to develop their
public speaking skills about the stories they have. The story can be one volunteer's
experience communicating with the target or other experiences they have had in similar
social activities. The seating position when they do a sharing session is sitting in a circle and
the position of the speaker who stands where he originally sat.
Listen to
Both volunteers and administrators make themselves good listeners to the people
who are talking during the sharing session. Listening attitude from the board side can build
a good relationship with volunteers. While from the volunteers' side, it will increase their
insight and knowledge about social humanitarianism. Then loyalty will be built between
volunteers and the Sebung management itself.
Empathy
Baron and Byrne in (Asih and Pratiwi, 2010) state that empathy is the ability to feel
the emotional state of others, feel sympathetic and try to solve problems by taking other
people's perspectives. By listening to the sharing session, Sebung volunteers will learn to
understand the content of the story and appreciate the differences between people speakers
and themselves. That way Sebung volunteers can hone empathy from the exchange of stories
in the sharing.
Changing Perceptions
With the sharing session, volunteers' knowledge increases and they are able to
interpret the activities they do with a wider scope.
Ingratiation Tactics
Lincoln in Great Influencer (2018:61) said in every letter that, "Everyone Loves Praise",
humans have a desire to be important. Giving appreciation is one of the strategies to
maintain volunteer loyalty. This appreciation is applied throughout the series of Sebung
Bandung activities, namely briefings to sharing sessions. Appreciation carried out by
Sebung to its volunteers is divided into several forms, namely:
Praise
Compliments are not uncommon in the Sebung community. During briefings, there
are times when they get to know each other and compliment each other. This treatment has
become commonplace because it is easy for them to give compliments. That way when they
go down the street, volunteers also apply the behavior of the management to praise the
target. Praise for volunteers is also was raised during the sharing session. When volunteers
finish sharing their experiences, the person in charge always compliments them. It doesn't
stop at routine activities, during free events that are more about inter-personal
communication or small groups, Sebung administrators still familiarize themselves with the
program Themselves to deliver compliments so that Sebung volunteers will be more
comfortable talking and being open with the administrators or other Sebung members.
Trust
In the Sebung community, trust is given by the Sebung management when they feel
that the volunteer meets the predetermined criteria. Until now, the Sebung management has
given its trust to volunteers to manage Sebung activities such as being in charge of weekly
Sebung on Fridays, then monthly activities such as social experiences at the Dago Bandung
car free day, to annual activities such as Sebung Anniversary or Sebung Qurban. Therefore,
several Sebung activities are always accompanied by volunteers as organizers.
Activity Certificate
Sebung provides physical appreciation that can symbolize the participation of
volunteers in helping Sebung Bandung's activities. In addition to increasing volunteer
excitement and loyalty, this certificate is useful for Other volunteer interests such as the
need to fulfill the activities of certified activities as a requirement to graduate students or
exchange students and other needs. That way between the board and volunteers creates a
symbiotic condition of mutualism.
Personal Appeal Tactics
Florence Littauer in Great Influencer (2018: 12) says that within humans there are
different characters or personalities, so that feelings of insecurity will arise if in establishing
a relationship with others. When someone has determined to establish a relationship with
another person, personal closeness and trust between one another arise. Therefore, they can
persuade each other.
By sharing information between volunteers and administrators, they trust each other
to continue to survive in a community. The steps taken by the management itself are to
always remind all Sebung Bandung members on the WhatsApp group platform. Weekly
Sebung announcements are distributed through the group every Wednesday night. While
other announcements are distributed according to the activities held, which is no later than
three days before the activity. Then if it is seen that there are Sebung members who have not
participated in activities for more than one month, they will be contacted privately via
whatsapp chat by the Sebung public relations division. The results obtained by volunteers
become loyal because of a sense of security. They also apply again to share information as a
form of their contribution to the sustainability of the Sebung Bandung social community in
the future.
Exchange Tactics
Amin in Great Influencer (2018:59) says that feeling what others feel is extremely
difficult, requiring contemplation, an intense emotional adventure. Therefore, a person living
in this world needs a feeling adventure into other people's territory in order to care for others
more sharply. The Sebung Bandung management applies this exchange tactics factor to the
relationship between the management and volunteers. With a free event after the sharing
session, community members will freely exchange experiences, fun, and work more
intensely. Sebung administrators deliberately instill this factor so that Sebung members can
make Sebung more than just a community but can become a second home and self healing.
Sebung Bandung administrators build an atmosphere through three main topics, namely
food, love, and problems. Food and love topics are the gateway to break the ice in a forum.
Meanwhile, the topic of problems leads Sebung members, both administrators and
volunteers, to a more intense relationship. This factor causes several things in volunteers,
namely:
Similarity
Sebung Bandung's main informants are dominated by the similarity of feelings of
compatibility that arise when each volunteer feels there is something in common in the story
that was conveyed by them. The feeling of compatibility creates new things such as a sense
of gratitude, a sense of security and a sense of empathy. The feelings of compatibility felt by
Sebung volunteers are very diverse, ranging from family, personality, romantic
relationships, work and education. They find similar problems and eventually can learn from
each other, appreciate and give input to each other.
Open Attitude
The four informants who have joined the community for more than a year said they
have been open with some Sebung members whom they trust. So that they feel safe and
comfortable when telling about pleasant or sad things. Meanwhile, one main informant said
that he had not opened up to any of the Sebung volunteers or administrators because he did
not have enough time to do so.
Self Healing
Sebung is a community that can be a place for volunteers who want to heal
themselves from the burden or problems they face. The majority of Sebung volunteers are
people who are looking for a place to escape from the problems they have. This factor is
driven by the ability of Sebung's administrators to create a comfortable atmosphere and
activity time at night which makes the activity wise and meaningful.
Desire to Stay in the Community
Volunteers will stay in the Sebung community not for the reason of doing good by
sharing as the main goal, but to meet other Sebung volunteers and administrators. Sebung
volunteers consider Sebung as a family to them. Because by joining Sebung, they feel they
have found peace in themselves.
This exchange tactics factor eventually forms a sense of community or a feeling of
belonging to the Sebung Bandung community. This feeling will result in members' desire to
maintain the existence of the community in any way. One of them is by showing their
contribution in enlivening routine community activities. Sense of community has four
elements, each of which already exists and is applied to the Sebung Bandung community.
McMillan and Chavis in (Chavis, 2008) mention the four elements, namely:
Membership
Membership is the feeling that someone has invested themselves to become a
member of a community. Membership in a community has boundaries within the
community that distinguish community members from those who are not members of the
community, as well as knowing who is in the community.
The membership that distinguishes the activities of the Sebung Bandung social
community from other social communities can be seen from the activities, namely greeting
and sharing. Then for the community members themselves, Sebung members have t-shirts
and tote bags as member identities that distinguish Sebung members and members of other
communities.
Influence
Influence is the power that individuals have to influence other members and the
power of the community to influence individuals. Efforts to influence each other between
members and the community have been displayed from the entire series of Sebung Bandung
activities from briefings, taking to the streets, sharing sessions, to free events.
Shared Emotional Connection
Relationships A shared emotional connection within a community formed from
positive interactions, shared stories and shared experiences. The more people interact, the
more likely they are to form close relationships, which then leads to stronger bonds.
Members of the Sebung Bandung community, from administrators to volunteers,
have a need to share their feelings and have an emotional bond. It is shown in sharing
activities and free events that make them open and empathize with each other. The Sebung
Bandung community can survive because its community members already have the four
elements mentioned.
The five factors, namely rational persuasion, consultation tactics, ingratiation
tactics, personal appeals tactics and exchange tactics in the implementation of persuasion
communication in maintaining the loyalty of the Sebung Bandung community, are effective
because they form a community that actively contributes by participating in all Sebung
Bandung activities. In the end, a sense of community is formed in community members
which creates loyalty for Sebung Bandung community volunteers to maintain the
sustainability of the Sebung Bandung community in the future sustainability of the Sebung
community in the future.
Conclusion
Application of techniques that build persuasive communication applied by Sebung
Bandung administrators in maintaining volunteer loyalty Sebung Bandung social community
is with 1) rational tactics, which is persuasion from the first impression of meeting applied
to briefing activities, by directing volunteers based on logical reasons and data in the form of
facts, 2) consultation tactics, which is persuasion by providing facilities to develop
volunteer abilities applied to sharing session activities, by developing public speaking,
listening, empathizing and changing perceptions, 3) ingratiation tactics, which is persuading
by giving appreciation applied to the entire series of Sebung activities, by giving praise,
trust, and activity certificates, 4) personal appeal tactics, which is persuading with personal
closeness applied to sharing information, by inviting the closest friends to stay in the
community, 5) exchange tactics, which is persuading with deeper personal closeness applied
to sharing activities and free events, by creating similarity, open attitude, self healing, and
the desire to stay in the community.
Fifth techniques These five techniques create a sense of community in Sebung
Bandung community members including membership, influence, integration and fulfillment
of needs, and shared emotional connection. After a sense of community is formed, Sebung
community volunteers have the desire to contribute by participating in every Sebung
Bandung activity and ultimately form the loyalty of Sebung Bandung social community
volunteers.
