WELL THOUGHT OUT COLLECTION OF DATA FILES CALLED TABLES THAT CONSIST OF ROWS
AND COLUMNS
TABLES ARE MOST IMPORTANT(TABLES MADE UP OF ROWS ARE COLUMNS
ROW CALLED RECORD
COLUMN CALLED FIELD
MOST IMPORTANT PART IS ABILTY TO ASK IT A QUESTION(QUERYING)
The records retrieved by queries become information that can be used to make business decisions. Databases
are referred to as database management systems(DBMS). In dbms data is stored in computer files called tables
and tables are combined to others tables with related information, hence a relational database.
DATABASES ARE NEVER EVER STAND ALONE
THEY ARE DISTRIBUTED ON NETWORKS
data base is made up of files called tables that are related to each other.
DESIGNERS CONSTRUCT DATABASES BY USING ENTITY RELATIONSHIP DIAGRAMS(ERM)
Designers need to know the business
CUSTOMERS TABLE: ERD ENTITY RELATIONSHIP DIAGRAM
Advantages: a “zip code” field can be set up to ensure that a user only enters five digits or ten digits (85714 or
85714-1201 and only accept numeric figures
Once field has data validation, it ensures data integrity(techniques attempt to avoid data input errors like typing
errors)
WHAT IS PROPER ABIVIATION FOR ARIZONA
AZ
AVOID DATA REDUNDANCY: ensures accuracy system wide through dbms which can reduce reconciliation
errors immensely
Different levels of security can by implemented by determining who gets to see what in a business
environment
SQL: structured query language
DATA BASE DEFINITION:
Works on any database
FIELD
TABLE
FIELD
FIELD
GOOD ON RESUME LEARN PYTHON TOO
Most widely used standard computer language for relational databases that allows a programmer
It is STANDARD STANDARD
SELECT title
FROM book
WHERE price>100
ORDER BY title
MAN WHO MADE ORACAL IS RICH RICH
Zach is considered good at his job. He works at a large banking institution and is in charge of compiling facts
and information on his bank’s foreclosed real estate. When he first started the bank had about 50 properties in
foreclosure so his job was manageable, but as the economy soured, that number ballooned to almost five
hundred.
Attributes: pieces of information
BEFORE EXCEL: LOTUS 123
REO REAL ESTATE OWNED
ADMIRABLE HIMEND RICOVER: MOST POWERFUL MAN ON THE PLANET GAVE US NUCLEAR
NAVY: “YOU CAN DELEGATE AUTHROITY BUT YOU CANNOT DELEGATE RESPONSIBILITY”
Network operating system
NOS similar to stand alone pl.atform
-automatic hardware detection
-supports multiprocessing which allows several processes to occur at obe time
-Recognizes who is using the network
-Provides security
NETWORK ADMINISTRATOR
Responsible for smooth network operation
Network performance
Implementation of nee nodes and users
Strong business background
NETWORK PROTOCOLS(SEE PHONE FOR PICTURE OF SLIDE- OCT 17 IN FAVOIRTES
FILE)
NETWORK TOPOLOGY
Bus topology: linear bus topology where the networks nodes are connected to a common linear
backbone with two endpts
Types of computer networks:
Local area network:(LAN) a small network typically confined by a single building
WHAT IS A PASSPHRASE: MEMORABLE STRONG PASSWORD
Information Technology Challenges and Opportunities
Chief information officers(the person in charge of all business computing assets) need to be
concerned with overall energy costs
EPEAT criteria
EPEAT evaluates electronic products relative to 51 environmental criteria, 23 required and 28
optional. Computer manufacturers that meet a certain criteria are rewarded a gold, silver or
bronze star allowing the consumer to differentiate products
Design for end of life informs consumers about soecial handling needs for disposing of their
products when it no longer useful
Products longevity/lifecycle extenstuon encourages manufacturer to make extended warranties
available so product lasts longer
End of life management asks manufacturers
Packaging criteria requires manufactures to reduce or eliminate intentionally added toxins in
packaging
Energy star specifications
Started in 1992 as voluntary labelng program to identify and promote energy efficient products
Every computer uses=energy costs aline grow 2$ billion each year and gas emissions reduced
by 2 million cars
Far more expensive to purchase and are far more efficient
Green PC
Includes:
Energy efficient power supplies
Inclusions processors that consume min amounts of electricity’
Attemo to do away with ot minimize environmentally harmful components
Makes use of aluminum or plastic parts from recycled materials
Most important factor of green PC: energy efficient
Active users: computer us one and being use
Sleep mode: low power after designated period of time
Standby mond(off) turns off
ENERGY STAR NOW REQUIRE PC POWER CONVERSION TO BE RAISED FROM 65% TO
80% CALLED THE “80 PLUS STANDARD”
Manufacturers like Apple, reduced PVCs in manufacturing process
Haelett-Packed claims computers create less hear abd reduce cooling
Green Business Computing Plan
-organizational policies and procedures
-best practice considerations
-long term sustainable considerations
-reducyion of power usage and paper consumption
-used computer software and hardware disposal
-EPEAT and Energy Star compliance
-Green PC purchasing recommendations
Plans must provide economic benefits and become sustainable
GReen business computing
NASA preduicts Earths surface tempe will increase by 2.5 to 10.4 degrees F by 2100. The
concern is that human societies and natural ecosystems may not adapt quickly enough.
Burning fossil fuels creates carbon dioxide which builds up and slows escape of heat inot space
called “greenhouse effect”
National Center fir Atmosphereic Research(NCAR) in charge of creating and maintaining
climate computer midges that are used to predict weather admit they are flawed and unreliable.
Who is right? NASA OR NCAR?
WHICH CITY ON PLANET HAD BEST OLYMPIC
BEJING
System software
Loads the platform
Os is the ground work for all system software
Controls memory
Administers input and output
Manages filing system
Starting computer:
Immediately starts loading system software
Finds and enables operating system
Powering up computer:fdrom scratch Cold Booting
Restarting a computer is called a Warm Boot
Electricity coursed through a copmpyer during start up, first thing it finds BIOS(basic input/
output system), a “firmware”: progarms that is embedded in a computer chip
BIOS locates hardware like hard drive
BUSINESS COMPUTERS BOOT UP BASED ON ITS USER BY AUTHENTICATION
Business computer user profile is loaded with operating system\user profile
Expert hacker gains access to employees, how often can they simply guess password(walk in
with cleaning crew
HOW OFTEN CAN A GOOD HACKER GUESS YOUR PASSWORD
50% OF THE TIME
PASSPHRASE: memorable strong password
When are we going to get past passwords:
Administering application software(like excel)
Memory management :
The operating system needs to carefully allocate memory so appilcartion software
Interfaciong and Utilities:
1s and 0s(machine language)
Will keyboards go away?(keytboard input device)
GUI(graphical user interface or GUI) is an output device translated fotm 0s and 1s to human
interaction’
File management systems
File name
File creation date
File modification date
Location of the file
In some cases, who modified and created a file
Size of a file
Creation date is important: trail wherever you have been and can be tracked
Defragmentation: organizes the physical hard drive with can become fragmented by attempting
to move positi and negative charges
DOES DEFRAGMENTATION MAKE YOUR COMPUTER GO FASTER
NO
Antivirus
benefit(programmers, state attackers, anonymous, commerce)
Antivirus software identities known virus and attempyts too block them form entering and
infecting a computer system,
Keeps a list(database) of virus and virus like programs
System updates:
Operating systems are updated by their manuifacturers to make sure system software is bug
free(patches) drivers and virus software are up to date
Starting a computer loads system software to provide what?
Operating system
Loading a platform into a computer’s memory is called what?
Booting
Powering up a computer for the first time is called what?
Cold Booting
Restarting a computer is called what?
Warm Boot
After a computer gets power, it searches for what?
BIOS
What does the acronym BIOS mean?
Basic Input/Output system
This contains settings like screen savers, appearance, and personalization.
Registry
What represents a user’s specific preferences?
Profile
A business computer authenticates a user based on what?
Login
This is actually a technique of breaking up files.
Virtual Memory
Files exchanged in and out of RAM are called what?
Swap files
Smaller files that represent larger files are called what?
Pages
What does the acronym GUI mean?
Graphical user interface
What is the background display on a monitor called?
Desktop
What is a small pictogram that launches an application?
Icon
A GUI unto its own is called what?
Window
What button expands a window?
Maximize
What is the window a user is currently using?
Active Window
Microsoft replaced menus with what?
Ribbons
What contains groups of computer files?
Folders
What shows the last time a computer file was saved or created?
Modification date
Disks have concentric bands called what
Tracks
Tracks are separated into wedges called what?
Sectors
What program organizes a disk?
Defragmentation
What compensates for operating system inadequacies?
System updates
What is it called when heat cannot escape into space?
Greenhouse Effect
What is the problem with NCAR’s climate models?
Extremely Unreliable
Another term for acceptance of an acknowledged problem is what?
Diffusion
The practice of using computing resources efficiently and reducing waste is called what?
Green Computing
Who is in charge of all computer assets for an organization?
CIO
Who manages EPEAT?
GEC
Who funded EPEAT?
EPA
How many total criteria in EPEAT?
51
How many of EPEAT’s criteria are required for certification consideration?
23
How many of EPEAT’s criteria are optional?
28
What does the Materials Selection criteria do?
Informs consumers of percentage of renewable / bio-based plastic content
Which EPEAT criteria ask manufacturers to take their products back when they are no longer useful?
End of life management
Which EPEAT criteria require adoption of Energy Star specification?
Energy Conservation
Which EPEAT criteria require manufacturers to adopt sound corporate environmental policies?
Corporate Performance
Which EPEAT criteria ask manufacturers to make their products last longer?
Product Longevity / Life Cycle Extension
Where are EPEAT criteria listed online?
EPEAT.net
Which EPEAT criteria ask manufacturers to design products that can be upgraded with common tools?
Product Longevity / Life Cycle Extension
What is EPEAT’s highest designation?
Gold Star
When was the Energy Star founded?
1992
Environmentally friendly computer systems are called what?
Green PCs
Which PC mode uses the least amount of power?
Standby Mode
What policy promotes efficient energy use in PSUs?
