Monday, 29/08/2022
Voice Over Internet Phone: they use the structure of the internet to make phone calls.
Leader: buys the newest tech to get an edge
Follower: waits to see what works and loses the edge
●Windows Vista was the worst version to ever exist of windows. It crashed all the time.
●Which is better, a leader or follower? It depends.
Types of Computers:
●Mainframe: a computer the size of the room
●Midrange
●Microcomputer: laptops, desktops, handheld, mobile devices
System Software: among other things, system software makes hardware work. Collection of
computer programmes that accomplish a specific task
Operating systems (Platforms): Collection of computer programs that work together to manage
hardware and software and makes sure the computer is working correctly
●File management
●Multitasking
●Memory management
●Disk management
Common Business Platforms (OS)
●WINDOWS is most used
Application Software: performs particular tasks like creating
Wednesday, 31/08/2022
Service is incredibly important in business.
(Paul Mccarthy)
CIS 105 WEEK TWO
12/09/2022
Application Software
Definition: performs tens of thousands of specific tasks for an end user
●Spreadsheets
●Database
●Presentations, etc
Extremely powerful
Five business app software suites:
●Spreadsheet
●Database
●Word processor
●Presentation software
●Project management software’
App that work alone together:
●Facilities ease of use
●Similar functionality
●Similar graphical user interface (GUI)
●Presented in windows
●Multitasking
Word processing softwarwes
●Create doc
●Update
●Edit
●Saved to secondary memory
Microsoft word vs adobe acrobat?
●Which one is better
●Can a word processor make a difference in business?
WHAT IS THE FILE EXTENTION FOR MICROSOFT WORD DOCUMENT? .dox
However, every platform can read PDF.
2.5 million a year for fedex, by getting rid of printing and shipping, you never have to pay for it.
You no longer need the file room when everything is digital. So then you fire the people you
don’t need.
Spreadsheets
●Interface of information in a grid form
●Separated by columns and rows
●Often for financial calc
●Supports graphing
●Provides a what if
THE WPC SCHOOL OF BUSINESS WANTS YOU TO KNOW: how to predict, ask what if?
What is it called when a column intercepts a row: cell
What if you star a business?\
●revenue/expense
●profit/loss
Database software DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM DBMS
●Well thought out collection of files
●Consists of records (rows)
●Separated by fields (columns)
●Can be queried
●Often called DBMS
Database software is one of the most commonly used in business perhaps the most important. A
database query is only limited by imagination and the fields in the database. Querying is the most
important function in a DBMS.
PRESENTATION SOFTWARE
●Displays info
●Slideshow
●On screen
●Projected for audience
●Very easy to build
●BI (business intelligence has made presentation software popular)
Sharing information between applications
●Cut and paste
●OLE object linking and embedding
●Linking dynamic, embedding is static
Specialised app software
Image editing software like adobe photoshop
Intranet
ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING SYSTEMS (ERPs)
●Incorporates all data and processes of a business into one integrated
●Single database
Chapter Three Objectives
CHOOSING AND BUYING A CAR
●You may not know how it works
●It starts every time
●It sounds good
●No immediate problems
●Its clean and looks good
Does it really matter if you know how an alternator, sparkplug, or wheel bearing works? If it
breaks will you or someone else fix it>
What if you have to buy/lease 200 cars for your business now is it worth it to know miles per
gallon, leasing options, maintenance history, reliability, etc?
CHOOSING AND BUYING TECH
●You may not know how it works
●It seems to work every time
Does it really matter if u know how a motherboard, bus line, ir system unit works? If it breaks,
will you or someone else fix it>
What if you have to get 1400 tablet microsoft surface or apple ipad computers for your sales
force? Getting this decision wrong has devastating consequences
Consumption vs creation
THE SYSTEM UNIT
●The main body of the computer
●Contains the mother board
THE MOTHERBOARD
●Sometimes called a system board or logic board
●Essentially a circuit board
●Printed circuit board (PCB)
●Replaces loose wiring
●Reduced size
●Made of non conductive plastic
Mother board is analogous to land that contains buildings, roads, and infrastructure. Imagine a
large pie
THE MICROPROCESSOR:
●The brains
●Central processing unit CPU
BUS LINES
●Pathways that transfer data and power
●Controlled by software to connect devices
●Measured in width
Make them wider
Monday, September 19, 2022
***EXAMS ARE OPEN BOOK AND OPEN NOTE***
Chapter four is incredibly important!!
Understanding Platforms (OS/operating systems)
●Configures the computer
●Collection of computer programs
●Administers hardware and software
●Controls and allocates memory
●Administers input and output
●Manages the filing system
●More often called a platform than an operating system
Common business computing platforms
Microsoft windows
Mac os
Unix
Linux
(analogy used by McCarthy for memory: water)
Operating system facts;
When a comp starts up, 100s of system start without human interaction
What an operating system provides:
processes /multitasking
The ability to tun more than one process at a time
Memory management/storage
Operating system
RAM IS VOLITOL MEANING IT USES ELECTRICITY TO WORK
What an Operating System Provides
•Processes / Multitasking
•The ability to run more than one process at a time.
•Memory Management / Storage
•CPU Cache
•Random Access Memory (RAM)
•Registers
•Virtual Memory
•Disk Storage
Processing / Multitasking
In the early days of computing, computers could only do one thing at a time. If you were working
with a spreadsheet, printing a document in a word processor meant having to save your
spreadsheet, exit the spreadsheet software, turn on the word processor, etc. Multitasking lets you
run both, or many application software at once.
Memory Management / Storage
Operating system coordinate and arrange the computer’s memory which includes cache, RAM,
registers, and virtual memory. and facilitate disk storage.
CPU Cache: Small, very quick memory that stores copies on information that is most regularly
used.
RAM: Primary storage that can be accessed in any order without physical movement which
makes it very fast, and where “work’ is done.
Registers: Very fast, small amounts of memory used to quicken computer programs to access
calculated values.
Virtual Memory
Used to coordinated, track, and allocate CPU cache, RAM and disk storage. Virtual memory is
not really a memory, rather a technique that lets application software use fragmented pieces of
large memory to use physical memory.
Which is better, a Personal Computer (PC) or a Mac?
Disk Storage
Non-volatile secondary storage like an internal hard drive, an optical disk, or even a hard drive in
the Cloud. Hard drives have spinning platters, like a record player that record positive or
negative charges that represent ‘1s’ and ‘0s’, a binary system.
How can you guarantee information is off a hard drive?
Where is your old computer?
Disk Management
Operating systems are responsible for reading and writing data and information onto a disk.
What is the advantage of taking your clothes out of the dryer and throwing them all over your
room? What is the disadvantage?
Disk management systems throw (write) ‘laundry’ (files) onto the hard drive in no particular
order, which is fast. Reading files from the hard drive becomes slower as the disk becomes more
and more fragmented. (Harder to find clothing when its on the floor.)
FAT (File Allocation Table) / NTFS (New Technology File System): Tracks where information
resides on a hard drive, or the ‘Table of Contents’ for a hard drive.
Business network options
A financial services business (FSB) with 1500 employees has massive data storage needs.
Which option is best?
●Buy hardware and IT employees staff and do it themselves
●Employ an offsite mass storage company
●Port their storage into the cloud
●What are the advantages and/or disadvantages of any solution
Computer storage
The variety of ways a computer system stores (saves) data and information which includes:
●Spreadsheets
●Documents
●Graphics
WHICH CITY IN THIS COUNTRY IS MASS STORAGE USA WHAT CITY HAS THE
MOST STORAGE FACILITIES IN IT?
Phoenix
Is the cloud secure? Kind of
Filing Cabinet Storage
A steel box
Secondary Storage
●Filing Cabinet
●Non-volatile
●Retains information even with the computer turned off
●Not directly accessible
Why is a toaster a binary item? Making toast or not making toast
One is a bit. Zero is a bit
Physical storage characteristics
●Requires a read/write head
●Typically spinning media
●Records (write) data
Magnetic tape is sequential, reel to reel
Magnetic tape is the SLOWEST form of storage media
Magnetic tape is the CHEAPEST form of storage media
Magnetic tape is the SLOWEST to RESTORE
Business storage strategies
If a business lost some or all of its data and information, would it continue to exist?
Businesses need to carefully consider the following storage strategies
Capacity: how much data and info needed to be backed up?
Access time: how long does it take to get my data and information back?
Security: who gets to see my data and information
Cost: what does it cost to backup my data and info?
Disaster recovery: if there is a natural disaster, will i still be in business?
Monday, October 3, 2022
Does defrag make your computer go faster? No but it makes it more efficient
System Software Utilities
Defragmentation organizes the physical hard drive can become fragmented by attempting to
move positive and negative charges (1s and 0s) to the inside of the device‘s concentric rings.
Defragmentation does not make a hard drive faster, instead it makes it more efficient.
Backup utilities
●System software can automatically copy important business files somewhere else if the
original files get deleted or corrupted
Antivirus Utilities
●Antivirus software identifies known viruses and attempts to block them from entering and
infecting a computer system
●Antivirus software keeps a list (database) of known viruses and virus-like programs
●Why do viruses exist? What is their purpose? Who benefits from these viruses?
System Updates
●Operating Sytems are updated by their manufacturers to make sure their system software
is bug-free (patches), drivers and virus software are up to date
Green Business Computing
NASA predicts Earth’s surface temperature will increase by 2.5 to 10.4 degrees fahrenheit by the
year 2100. The concern is that human societies and natural ecosystems may no adapt quickly
enough.
burning fossil fuels creates carbon dioxide (CO2) which builds up and slows the escape of heat
into space, called the “greenhouse effect”
The national centre for atmospheric research (NCAR) in charge of creating and maintaining
climate computer models that are used to predict weather admit they are flawed and unreliable
Whos right? NASA or NCAR
Question: which city on this planet had the best opening Olympics? Beijing
The problem is you cannot store electricity.
INFORMATION TECH CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES
Chief information officers (the person in charge of all business computing assets) need to be
concerned with overall energy costs associated with computing systems.
51 environmental criteria
80 plus standard
COMPUTER NETWORK
Two or more computers connected to each other to share resources like:
●Folders and files
●Software
●Hardware
○Scanners
○Printers
○Webcams
Consider a network made up of three computers (clients)
Network advantages
Internet: networks allow businesses to share internet whereas stand-alone computers need their
own individual internet connection
Building a computer network
All networks require four basic components
(whats safer? Cable or wireless? cable.)
Network protocols
Provides a common language and rules for communication between computers. A protocol is a
convention or standard that controls or allows communication and data transfer between two
computers.
Transmission control protocol/internet protocol (TCP/IP): when sending a file from one
computer to another, the files is broken down into smaller files called packets the packets arrive
at receiving computer and must be reassmeblmed
Network technology
TYP
Internet History
In the 1960s scientists working for the us air force researched ways to make a highly robust
network that would continue to work even if part of the network was damaged
In 1969 the advanced research project agency network (ARPANET) made similar networks at
the university of california at los angeles (UCLA) that connected them and would eventually be
come to known as the internet
Until about 1990 ther was no common “language” of the internet and it remained the domain of
scientists abd academicians
Could the internet have been based on microsoft word??
INTERNET HISTORY
Around 1990 tim berners lee invented a standard language of the internet called hypertext
markup language (HTML)
HTML is a platform neutral language which means it will work on all OS like windows mac os
linux and unix
Hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) was developed as a means to transfer info in a standard
fashion so all comps on the internet could receive data and info
HTML is a weak language
INTERNET AND WORLD WIDE WEB STRUCTURE
The internet is a client/server
INTERNET PROTOCOL ADDRESS
With millions of computers connected to the internet, it is important ti come up with an address
system to identify every one of them
IP addresses are actually a 32 bit number like 129 219 10 58 protocol “http://”+ numbers
Websites have addresses called uniform resource locators (URLs) like yahoo.com that mask the
IP address
Yahoo.com same as 129 219 10 58
Http is hypertext transfer protocol, “www” is world wide web, “yahoo.com” is the domain name
and “.com” is the domain code
What countries censor the internet? Every country does
What if you have a country that has no one has a gov? Anarchy
The internet is an anarchist system
COMMON DOMAIN CODES (top level)
●.com commercial
●.edu educational
●.mil military
●.gov governmental
●.org organisation
GIF, JPEG
Buisness Website Alternatives
Wordpress.com
Godaddy.com
Googlesites.com
Basekit.com
Web.com
squarespace.com
WDPs were originally not great because the internet was not fast enough but modern WDPs are a
lot better and higher quality allowing people to create websites themselves
EARLY WEBSITE TECH
HTML 5
Webserver holds a lot of websites
Why are there so few fonts used on the web?
There are only a few fonts that can be used universally
Web styles: static and dynamic
Static websites rarely change
Dynamic websites generate webpages from a web server
NEED TO KNOW: Web categories and types of websites
CHAPTER 11
Computer Security
Concerned with Risk Management, Confidentiality, Integrity, and the availability of electronic
info that is processed and stored in a computing system. Risk management is the recognition,
consequences, and assessment of risk to a computer system.
Hackers are ppl who attempt to invade or disable a computer
What % can hackers get into an unsecured computer? 50%
Spyware is a computer program installed covertly and secretly
SPAM ONLY HAS TO WORK ONCE TO BE EFFECTIVE
Denial of service attack attempts to make a computer or any of its resources unavailable to its
users
Reverse phishing/keylogging
DOES THE CLOUD ELIMINATE THE NEED TO BACKUP FILES?
Yes
Privacy is the ability to keep personal info away from others
Identity theft
Shoulder surfing is when a criminal in a public place glances over their victim's shoulder to gain
information like PIN numbers or passwords
Dumpster diving is sorting through refuse to gain info that most likely should have been
shredded
Be stingy about giving out personal information
Check your financial info on a regular basis
CHAPTER 12
Most businesses share the same core business functional behaviours or departments, whether itis
a global enterprise or a sole propprietros
•Accounting Department
•Human Resource Department
•Marketing Department
•Research & Development Department
•Production Department
THE ACCOUNTING DEPT
Accounting measures and provides financial info about an org primarily for its decision-makers,
investors, and taxing authorities. Accounting is often referred to as the language or mathematics
of business.
GAAP (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles) are accounting rules for preparing,
presenting and reporting financial statements so the org and its investors can have a standard set
of reports regarding a business well being.
Some of these financial statements include balance sheets, income statements, earning
statements, and cash flow reports. To insure the accuracy and fair reporting of these financial
statements, laws like the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 were enacted to counter fraudulent
reporting.
THE HUMAN RESOURCES DEPT
Economic terms like ‘firm specific human capital’ and ‘human resources’ suggest that people are
a commodity which is true by some defs
People are the most important asset in any business and its the job of human resources dept to
administer people.
Traditional roles of human resource departments involve recruiting and hiring new employees,
evaluating and managing personnel, tracking personnel data, administering payroll and pensions,
and sometimes providing advice to employees regarding work-related issues.
THE MARKETING DEPT
Marketing is the promotion of business products and is a core business functional behaviour.
Product
Promotion
placement
Marketing departments focus on customers and have
core responsibilities like advertising and branding a business’ products and
services.
Products are the actual goods and services a business produces and how they relate to customer’s
needs including warranties, guarantees, and. Pricing refers to what a product costs, or at least
what a business is willing to exchange for their products. Promotion is the advertisement of a
business’ products and services, as well as promotion. Placement is how a product or service is
delivered to a customer. How, where, and to who a product is delivered describes placement.
THE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT DEPT
R&D dept take a creative and systematic approach to evolve a business’ original idea and devise
new ones.
Part of an R&D department’s systematic approach is to consider if their ideas are feasible, and if
they can be implemented. R&D departments need to have a broad grasp of the business they
serve and its industry as well. Implementing new ideas can mean hiring new people which
means collaborating with the human resources and marketing departments.
THE PRODUCTION DEPT
Many businesses make tangible products like cars and machinery that are called “goods”. Others
create intangible products called “services”, like the advice from an attorney or consulting from a
financial advisor. Production departments make these goods and services to be sold
commercially. Production departments focus their efforts on which goods and services to
produce, how to produce them, and what it’s going to costs to produce them. Production
departments also focus their attention on the most efficient and cost effective way to produce
goods and services to maximize profits.
INFORMATION SYTEMS COLLAB
Since the five business departments are interrelated it is imperative that they share data and
information. The fact is business departments need to do more than just share data and
information to be successful; they need to collaborate with one another. Although sharing data
and information can take many forms, like an annual budget printed on paper or an electronic
database file, it is important to understand that data and information is simply a tool used for
decision making. It is important to know that there is a difference between data and information
exchange and collaboration. Business collaboration is two or more people, or two or more
departments working towards a common business goal. Collaboration is facilitated by the
exchange of data and information.
Information technology (IT) has to be leveraged efficiently when sharing data and information to
encourage collaboration. Keep in mind that IT collaboration and data exchange almost always
assumes the use of a network, whether it is private, or even the Internet. Data and information
exchange software and techniques can be categorized as electronic computing tools whereas
collaborative software and techniques can be categorized as management tools.
One of the oldest of these business tools is an Internet discussion board. A discussion board,
sometimes called a forum, allows a virtual community of interested users post electronic
messages to a web page. The first post to a discussion board is called a thread.
Instant messaging and online chat is another way to collaborate by exchanging data and
information. Instant messaging is similar to email except that it is real-time computer
communication. Businesses can use instant messaging across an office environment, or across
the world. Video and data conferencing allow businesses to collaborate through a network by
allowing two or more locations interact via video and exchange data during the conference often
called a webinar. Webinars typically allow for collaboration and participation between an
audience and a presenter.
Project Management Software provides a business a collaborative road map for organizing and
managing resources to schedule a project from start to finish.
FIRST MESSAGE ON DB: thread
Knowledge Management Systems (KM) are collaborative systems that organize, create and
distribute a business’ collective knowledge. A common example of a knowledge management
system within a business starts with distributing ideas, called knowledge transfer. One of the
newer online collaboration systems is called online application software. For instance, two or
more users can access the same spreadsheet, word processor, or presentation software and share
its data and information. Google offers this free service called Google Docs & Spreadsheets
(http://docs.google.com) and is widely used by businesses and universities for the purpose of
collaboration.
CIS 105 11/14/2022
Business System Reporting
Business System Reporting or reporting for short is informational output from an information
system to facilitate decision-making. Most reports are periodic in nature, meaning that they are
produced at given intervals, sometimes daily, weekly, monthly, etc
Reports can also be demand reports, meaning that they can be produced whenever they are
needed. Demand reports are sometimes called ad hoc reports. Reports help businesses analyze
information and can be predictive in nature to make strategic and tactical decisions. Strategic
decisions refer to long-term planning designed to achieve a specific goal, whereas tactical
decisions are specific actions that serve a larger purpose.
WHAT KIND OF SOFTWARE IS A TPS:database
Business System Reporting
Reporting summarization levels: refers to the level of detail or level of summarization in a report.
For instance, a hardware store produces a sales report from their computerised cash registers on a
daily basis. The computerised each cash register has software installed called a transaction
processing system (TPS) that collects and stores data (typically in a database) about the hardware
store’s daily sales.
CAPTIVE IMPORT
Business System Reporting
Report 7.1 shows the hardware store’s ten transactions for July 14th, 2009 from its TPS database
that is sorted by the time they occurred. Notice that each product is categorized. Report 7.1
shows the highest level of detail. Report 7.1 would be considered tactical because it incents the
hardware store manager to take specific actions.
The same TPS database that produced report 7.1 can also produce a more summarized report that
shows transactions sorted, summarized, and totaled by category as shown in report 7.2. Notice
that the two gardening sales (Hedge Clippers and Grass seed) in Report 7.1 are now combined
and totaled in report 7.2, as are all the categories. Also notice that the overall total of $181.80 is
the same for both reports because they came out of the same TPS database, and are therefore
reconciled with each other.
Report 7.2 can be summarized even further by combining its category totals as shown in Report
7.3 which simply shows the overall total for July 14th, 2009. Once again, it is important to note
that all three reports were produced by the same TPS database and therefore always reconciled to
each other. Reports that are completely summarized are generally always strategic in nature,
especially when they are compared to the same report within a different time frame.
WORSE? POS or NEG VARIANCE? BOTH SUCK
Database= DBMS
Entitity relationship diagram/model
Schema: map of the database itself
Look at the schema:
{
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CUSTOMER
Table
ID
Last
Name
First
Name
Address
eth
at)
1
120090
Hawthorne
Mira
562
W.
Addison
Ave
Chicago
2
123009
Jones
Alex
714
Main
Street
Charlotte
3
128904
Cooper
Sophie
8123
Apple
Ave.
Detroit
4
126985
Wu
Cindy
431
Tucker
Road
London
TRANSACTION
Table
P
oF}
C-
Product
22
120090
Jul
14,
2018
Mac
Tools
23
123009
Nov
12,
2018
Apple
MacBook
Pro
24
123009
Dec
2,
2018
Car
Payment
25
123009
Dec
9,
2018
Sony
Headphones
26
123009
Jan
5,
2019
Apple
iTunes
Music
27
128904
Aug
12,
2018
Carpenter's
Movie
Theater
Tickets
28
128904 Sep
1,
2018
Tires
29
128904 Sep
19,
2018
Oakley
Sunglasses
Trying hardest to eliminate duplications
SQL is a cockroach. It can be used on any database.
Structured Query Language (SQL)
Structured Query Language (SQL) is the most widely used standard computer language for
relational databases that allows a programmer to manipulate and query data. One of the most
common uses of SQL is to query a table(s). For instance, a table might have the names of 10,000
book titles and their prices. If a person wanted to know which books in the data table cost more
than $100.00 they could set up a SQL statement like the following:
SELECT Title
FROM Book
WHERE Price > 100
ORDER BY Title
REO (real estate owned)
Who was at fault for 95% of the people being fired? Mccarthy for not making sure the system
hyman rickover
