FUNCTION OF MORAL VALUES, JUSTICE, ORDER AND COMMUNITY
WELFARE
People's lives will be orderly, good, and properly organized if there is a rule that has been
agreed upon in the community. One form of such regulation is about morality. In Indonesian,
moral is defined as morality. Morality is the good and bad teachings that are accepted by the
community in deeds, attitudes, obligations, morals, ethics and morality. Norms and values are
elements contained in morals and are used as a benchmark to determine the good or bad of
actions or deeds as human beings. Norms can be interpreted as guidelines, measurements,
rules or habits that are used to regulate something else or a measure. With this norm one can
judge the good or bad of an action. In addition to norms, values are included in the moral element.
Value is a price, content or meaning of an action that has a purpose. Value is in morality so that
a person can do good with the goal of 163 which has value. Morals, norms, and values can run if
there are attributes, namely traits or actions to do so, so as to produce the right behaviors in life
(Soekanto, 1990:199). 164 B. Description of Learning Materials Function and Manifestation of
Values and Morals If the actions and interactions among community members are in harmony or
in harmony with the prevailing social valu
es and norms, then whathappens is social order. However, if social actions and
interactions among community members are not in accordance with or are not in harmony with
social values and norms, what occurs is social disorder which can take the form of various
dissociative processes, such as conflict, social disorganization, social disintegration and various
social problems. Based on the above description, it can be affirmed that social values and norms
play a role as a guide and measure of attitudes and actions in community life. As Woods stated,
social values are long-standing general indicators that guide behavior and satisfaction in
everyday life. Meanwhile, norms are a measure used by the community whether the actions
taken by a person or a group of people are reasonable and acceptable actions because they are
in accordance with the expectations of most of the 165 residents of the community or are they
deviant actions because they are not in accordance with the expectations of the majority of
community members. Norms are built on social values, and social norms are created to maintain
and maintain social values. Violations of norms will receive sanctions from the community.
Because of this sanction, community member
s feel deterred, or at least reluctant to commit violations. If this is the case, then a social
order will be formed in society. Kohlberg proposed the concept of morality viewed from reasoning
or consideration that underlies good/bad, right/wrong decisions. Such reasoning or
consideration is concerned with the breadth of insight into the relationship between oneself and
others, rights and obligations. The relationship between oneself and others is based on the
principle of equality, meaning that others are equal to oneself. Thus the self and the other self
can be exchanged. This is called the principle of reciprocity. Morality is essentially the resolution
of conflicts between oneself and other self, between rights and obligations in the convention. If
the good- 166 bad adopted in the convention is in accordance with the moral principles of the
individual, then the individual follows the convention. However, if the good and bad embraced in
the convention are not in accordance with the moral principles of the individual, then an
individual is not carried away by the convention, but still adheres to his own moral principles, so
that what is considered good is what is not constrained by the system, so that he can look at the
convention from outside the social system itself, by holding fast to the principle to which it is
referred. The difference between the norms, rules or expectations of society and the moral
principles of individuals will occur, if there is a condition as described by Ronggowarsito as the
crazy age. In the crazy era, Ronggowarsito said that if we don't go crazy, we will not get a share.
But it is still better for people to remember and be vigilant, which of course is not in accordance
with the moral principles embraced in that era. 167 Justice, Order, and Welfare Justice is
essentially treating a person or other party according to his or her rights. What is the right of
everyone is to be recognized and treated according to their dignity and dignity, the same degree,
and the same rights and obligations, regardless of their ethnicity, descent, and religion. Plato
divided justice into individual justice and state justice. According to him, individual justice is the
ability of a person to control himself by using ratios. Meanwhile, according to Aristotle, justice is
divided into five forms, namely 1) commutative justice, which is the treatment of a person without
looking at the services he has done, 2) distributive justice, which is the treatment of a person
according to the services he has made, 3) natural justice, namely giving something according to
what others have given us, 168 4) conventional justice, namely a person who has obeyed all the
laws and regulations that have been It is mandatory, 5) justice according to the theory of
improvement is someone who has tried to restor
e the good name of another person who has been tainted. Justice is an abstract thing, so
it will be difficult to realize justice if you do not know what justice means. It can be shown from
the various opinions expressed by justice in two groups, namely general justice or justice
according to the will of the law that must be fulfilled in the public interest and special justice
based on equality or proportionality. In general, justice and the word fair are used in four things:
balance, equality and non-discrimination, granting rights to the entitled, and delegation of
existence based on level and qualification. Fair is a balanced situation. If we look at a system or
set that has various parts made for a specific purpose, then there must be a number of
conditions, whether it is the right size of each part and the pattern of relationships between these
parts. 169 With all these conditions in place, the association can endure, exert the influence
expected of it, and fulfill the task that has been placed upon it. Every balanced society needs a
variety of activities. Among them are economic, political, educational, legal, and cultural
activities. All activities must be distributed among members of the community and each member
must be utilized for an activity proportionately. Against discrimination in any form. When it is said
that a person does justice, what is meant is that he views all individuals equally, equally, without
distinction and priority. In this sense, justice equa
ls equality. With justice being the inevitability of not maintaining a variety of different
qualifications and looking at everything and everyone equally, this kind of justice is synonymous
with tyranny itself. If the act of giving equally is seen as fair, then not giving to all equally must
also be seen as fair. The common assumption that the tyranny committed 170 equally against all
men is justice stems from this kind of mindset. As for what is meant by justice is the preservation
of equality when the feasibility is the same, that understanding is acceptable. Because, justice
entrusts and implies such an equation. The definition of justice in question is the preservation of
individual rights and the granting of rights to every object that deserves it. In this sense, tyranny
is the elimination and violation of the rights of other parties. This definition of justice, that is,
social justice, is justice that must be respected in human law and every individual really has to
fight to uphold it. Justice in this sense rests on two things, rights and priorities, namely the
existence of various rights and priorities as individuals when compared to others. If a person does
something that requires results, for example, he has priority over the fruits of his work. The cause
of these priorities and preferences is their own work and activities. Similarly, with babies, when
they are born by their mothers, they have priority claims over the water of their mother's 171 milk.
The source of that priority is the plan to create a system for the release of breast milk for the baby.
Second, the distinctive character of man, which is created in the form by which man uses a
number of ideas or methods, so that through the medium of ideas and methods, he can achieve
his goals. The ideas will form a series of ideas that can be determined by intermediaries. In short,
so that each individual community can achieve happiness that is maintained. Such a sense of
human justice is recognized by everyone's consciousness. While the opposite point is the
tyranny that is rejected by everyone's consciousness. This definition of justice and tyranny rests
on the basis of priority and precedent on the one hand, and on the other hand rests on the basis
of human character who is forced to use a number of conventions to plan what should be, and
what should not be, as well as the invention of good and bad. The definition of justice in question
is the act of preserving the qualification in the abundance of being, and not preventing the
overflow and grace at the moment when the possibility of realizing and perfecting the 172 on it
has become available. Everyone, at any level of form, has a distinctive position regarding their
ability to receive emanation. Given that the Divine Substance is Absolute Perfection and Absolute
Goodness that is always emanating, He will surely give form or perfection of form to every one
according to what he may receive. Thus, Divine justice according to this formulation means that
every person takes form and the perfection of his form is in accordance with what is worthy and
possible for him. The theophrasers put justice in God in line with the Substance of God and
become perfect for Him. In another position, the sch
ool known as John Rawls' Philosophy on the Theory of Justice (Mukaddimah, 2013:43).
173 C. Closing The life of the community will be orderly, good, and properly organized if there is
a rule that has been agreed upon in the society. One form of such regulation is about morality. In
Indonesian, moral is defined as morality. Morality is the good and bad teachings that are
accepted by the community in deeds, attitudes, obligations, morals, ethics and morality. Norms
and values are elements contained in morals and are used as a benchmark to determine the good
or bad of actions or deeds as human beings. Norms can be interpreted as guidelines,
measurements, rules or habits that are used to regulate something else or a measure. With this
norm one can judge the good or bad of an action. In addition to norms, values are included in
moral elements. Value is a price, content or meaning of an action that has a purpose. Value is in
morality so that a person can do good with a purpose that has value. Morals, norms, and values
can run if there are attributes in them, namely traits or actions to do so, so that 174 produce the
right behaviors in life (Soekanto, 1990:199). Departing from all of them, morality has covered
various aspects of life both in culture, religion, politics, education and economics.
