Tuesday, August 27, 2019
ABS 394
Subtopic 4A!
•How is an allergy (Type 1) defined?
An allergy is an immune system reaction. The bodies natural reaction defense system.!
Type 1 is an immediate-response allergy.!
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• What are common symptoms of food allergies? !
Elevated levels of antibodies (IEG) in blood stream trigger a histamine rxn - itching ,
water eyes, runny nose, itchy rash, swelling, hives, scratchy nose, wheezing, coughing.!
Swelling of the lips, hives and shortness of breath!
•Which antibody is involved in food allergies?
IEG
•What is anaphylaxis? What are the symptoms?
potentially life treating and can include skin rash, vomitting and difficulty
breathing. Causes sudden drop in blood pressure, trouble breathing,
dizziness and possibly death
•What are some causes of food intolerances or sensitivities? What
antibodies are usually involved in food intolerances/sensitivities?
IGM and IGG antibodies. Targeting organs or specific functions. Causes
are enzyme deficiencies, sensitivity to food additives and rxn’s to
naturally occurring chemicals in food i.e. lactose intolerant
•How long can it take for food intolerances to display symptoms? How
are they diagnosed?
Symptoms occur up to 3 days after exposure. They vary: skin rash,
headache - difficult to test for. Can be within 30 min of exposure
•How many Americans are estimated to suffer from food allergies?
15 million
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Tuesday, August 27, 2019
•What are some factors that are thought be related to increases in cases of
food allergies?
changes in microbiota, lifestyle changes: antibiotic use, western high fat-
low fiber diet, elimination of enteropathagens, vaccines, c-section &
formula feeding
•What period of our lives is our immune system most susceptible to
damage and also to intervention?
• Newborn
What is a germ-free mouse? Why are they used?
raise mice never exposed to bacteria. This system allows us to
manipulate bacterial populations to see how they interact in the immune
system
•Research by Dr. Nagler identified a type of bacterium called Clostridium.
What two benefits does this bacterium provide us regarding our digestive
system?
protect against allergic sensations to food. Regulates the function of
epithelial lining of digestive tract that produces mucus and antibiotics.
Barriel protector affect. maintaining a healthy layer of cells lining the
intestinal wall, along with the overlaying mucus layer protecting these
cells from the potentially harmful contents of the intestine
•What was the result of feeding mice that were transplanted with gut
microbiota from children with cow’s milk allergies who were eating the
probiotic supplemented diet?
a probiotic lactobacillus GG accelerates acquisition of tolerance in
children with cows milk allergy. Children after treatment had high levels
of butyric acid
•What are some therapeutic approaches that are being worked on
regarding treatment of allergies?
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Tuesday, August 27, 2019
“pre-biotic” dietary fiber to expand butyrate, encapsulated
nanoformulations of butyrate , candidate therapeutic bacterial species
•What enzyme allows us to break down lactose and to digest it?
lactase
•For the majority of the population, what time period in our lives is this
specific enzyme normally produced?
0-5 years, after childhood no longer produced
•What genetic change allowed some individuals to continue to tolerate
ingestion of lactose?
lactase persistent trait, LP allele
•What is gluten? What is it made up of?
It is an insoluble protein composite made up of two proteins named
gliadin and glutenin
•What are three problems associated with wheat
consumption?
wheat allergy, celiac disease, non-celiac gluten sensitivity
•What is Celiac disease? What happens to the intestinal lining in Celiac
disease?
It is an inherited disease in which eating foods with gluten lead to
inflammation and damage of the lining of the small intestine. This
impairs intestinal function leading to problems like belly pain, bloating,
gas, diarrhea, weight loss, skin rash, bone probs, fatigue, depression
•What are some symptoms of non-celiac gluten sensitivity?
painful gut symptoms, fatigue, brain fog, joint pain, skin rash
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Tuesday, August 27, 2019
•What are possible causes of non-celiac gluten sensitivity (or wheat
intolerance)?
gluten can activate the immune system in small intestine, or cause it to be
leaky.
•What is the nocebo effect?
Person believes something will cause problem so it does occur. Similar to
placebo affect
•What are two common symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome?
recurrent abdominal pain, abnormal bowel motility. Constipation or
diarrhea
•How does irritable bowel syndrome differ from inflammatory bowel
disease?
includes inflammation, ulcers and other things that affect bowel. IBS
does not include these
•What are risk factors for developing IBS?
visceral hypersensitivity. Gastroenteritis, stress
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