Sunday, August 25, 2019
ABS 394
Subtopic 2A!
•What is an essential fatty acid?
The body is unable to make them itself, and relies on our diets as their
source.
•What are some functions of dietary fats?
They’re required because they help the body absorb vitamins that are fat-
soluble. Additionally, fats help provide us with energy, and they are also
important for a variety of functions in the body.
•What role does cholesterol play in our cells?
Animal cells require cholesterol to maintain their cell membranes, and it
is transported in the blood by lipoproteins.
•How many double bonds are present in saturated, monounsaturated and
polyunsaturated fatty acids?
none in saturated, one in monounsaturated, multiple in polyunsaturated
•Which foods have the most trans fats?
Trans fats occur naturally in the milk and body fat of cattle and sheep.
However, the partially hydrogenated oils used in the production of fast
food, cakes, and shortenings have increased our intake of trans fat.
•Which fats do we need to avoid in our diets?
Trans fat is clearly a type of fat that should be avoided where possible,
due to its positive associations with the development of heart disease.
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Sunday, August 25, 2019
•What are the conclusions from several meta- analyses about the
correlation between saturated fats and total death, or death from heart
disease?
There was no correlation between the two.
•What is the major concern about consuming high quantities of red meat
or processed meats?
They are significantly associated with all-cause death and death from
heart disease. The toxins in meat cause death.
•What is the likely outcome of replacing saturated fats with simple
carbohydrates in the diet?
Those that consume simple carbohydrates rather than saturated fats have slightly more
cardiovascular disease.
•What 3 elements are carbohydrates composed of?
Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
•What is glucose? What important role does it play
in our bodies?
Glucose is our blood sugar in order to provide fuel.
•What is starch made up of? What is it converted to when it is digested?
Largest carb in our diet. It is made up of a lot of glucose bound together.
They are converted to glucose.
•What is fiber? What is it made up of? Can we use it as an energy source?
Fiber is a third carb made up of CHO molecules ensemble in a way that
the body cannot digest. Humans cannot digest fiber, it is excreted.
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Sunday, August 25, 2019
•In terms of calories or energy source, what is the most abundant food
component in skim milk?
carbohydrates
•What general food items raise our blood sugar very rapidly?
white bread, white rice, potatoes, corn sweet potatoes
•What are the two measurement systems commonly used to indicate how a
specific food item will affect the blood sugar levels?
glycemic index, glycemic load
•What is the correlation between consumption of high glycemic index
foods like rice, potatoes, corn and white bread and heart disease and
other illnesses?
Large quantities of high glycemic index foods increases your risk to
diseases. Increased risk in diabetes and obesity.
•Proteins are abundant in our cells and are involved in many different
processes. What two major categories of functions do proteins perform?
They are the enzymes that control all the chemical reactions to take place
in the cells of all living things. They form the structural material.
•Why do we need to eat proteins?
They are natural polymers made up of amino acids. When proteins are
digested they break up into amino acids to resemble them into our own
proteins. They are vital to all living things.
•What is an amino acid? How many different types
are required to make proteins?
Amino acids are what makes up proteins through polypeptides. There are
20 different amino acids used to make proteins.
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Sunday, August 25, 2019
•What is an essential amino acid? How many?
An amino acid we need to get in our diets. 9
•What are some concerns involving consuming commercially produced
animal protein sources?
They are not all bioavailable. Antibiotics, hormones, gmo’s in meat.
Aresenic and aldehyde, prozac, antihistamines, caffeine in poultry.
Mercury in fish. High antibiotic injections in pork. Lactose intolerant in
dairy.
•What are micronutrients? Where do we find them naturally?
Micronutrients are nutrients we need in smaller quantities like fruits and
vegetables. They can be found naturally in vitamins and minerals.
•What do micronutrients do for our bodies?
They function within the cell allowing our enzymes to work properly
by acting as cofactors. They strengthen the cells to fight off diabetes,
stroke and other autoimmune diseases. They not only nourish the cells,
but clean waste and help resist diseases.
•What are vitamins? What are some of their
functions?
Vitamins are the building blocks that keep the body running. They are
organic compounds we need to ingest in small amounts to keep
functioning. They are the bodies builder, defenders, and maintenance
workers helping it to build muscle and bone. They make use of nutrients,
capture and use energy, and heal wounds.
•Which general category of vitamins need to be replenished almost daily
in our diets? Why?
Water-soluble vitamins need to be replenished daily because of the
systems ability to circulate water-soluble vitamins in the blood stream so
easily. They are passed out of the kidneys easily. Fat-soluble have staying
power because they can be packed into the liver and fat cells.
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Sunday, August 25, 2019
•What are some illnesses associated with vitamin deficiencies?
scurvy, fatigue, nerve damage, heart disorders, crickets
•What does bioavailability mean?
The degree at which a substance can be absorbed.
•What are phytonutrients? What are some sources of phytonutrients in our
diets?
Phytonutrients are chemicals produced by plants. They can be found in
fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts, teas, herbs and spices.
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