Sources
See attached worksheet for instructions and attachments.
a year ago 20
Worksheet.docx
Source1.pdf
Source2.pdf
Worksheet.docx
Use the five attachments to complete the following:
Document 1
Title: Click or tap here to enter text.
Type of document: Click or tap here to enter text.
Year created: Click or tap here to enter text.
Who likely read this document? Click or tap here to enter text.
What is the document about (one paragraph summary)? Click or tap here to enter text.
One quote from the document that supports your answer: Click or tap here to enter text.[endnoteRef:1] [1: Click or tap here to enter text.]
Title: Click or tap here to enter text.
Type of document: Click or tap here to enter text.
Year created: Click or tap here to enter text.
Who likely read the document? Click or tap here to enter text.
What is the document about (one paragraph summary)? Click or tap here to enter text.
One quote from the document that supports your answer:Click or tap here to enter text.[endnoteRef:2] [2: Click or tap here to enter text. 3. Click or tap here to enter text. 4. Click or tap here to enter text.]
Document 3
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Type of document: Click or tap here to enter text.
Year created: Click or tap here to enter text.
Who likely read the document? Click or tap here to enter text.
What is the document about (one paragraph summary)? Click or tap here to enter text.
One quote from the document that supports your answer:Click or tap here to enter text.
Document 4
Title: Click or tap here to enter text.
Type of document: Click or tap here to enter text.
Year created: Click or tap here to enter text.
Who likely read the document? Click or tap here to enter text.
What is the document about (one paragraph summary)? Click or tap here to enter text.
One quote from the document that supports your answer:Click or tap here to enter text.
Image
Write two words that describe the photo: Click or tap here to enter text.
Are there people? If so, describe them: Click or tap here to enter text.
Are there objects? If so, describe them: Click or tap here to enter text.
Why do you think the photo was taken? Click or tap here to enter text.
Where do you think the photo was taken? Click or tap here to enter text.
How does this photo compare to modern times? Click or tap here to enter text.
Taken all together, what did you learn about the time period we are studying this week from these documents and image? Click or tap here to enter text.
Source1.pdf
Civil Rights Movement Archive Example Segregation Laws
Birmingham Public Accomodation Segregation Laws
Montgomery Bus Segregation Laws
Throughout the South, states, counties, and municipalities had a bewildering array of inconsistent segregation laws mandating the separation of the races. Tens of thousands of men, women, girls, and boys — most of them Black, some white — were arrested during the Freedom Movement for violating these dehumanizing laws. The few examples below are typical of the southern segregation laws that were eventually over-turned by Federal court rulings the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
Birmingham Public Accomodation Segregation Laws
SECTION 359. SEPARATION OF RACES It shall be unlawful for any person in charge or control of any room, hall, theater, picture house, auditorium, yard, court, ballpark, public park, or other indoor or outdoor place, to which both white persons and Negroes are admitted, to cause, permit or allow herein or thereon any theatrical performance, picture exhibition, speech or educational or entertainment program of any kind whatsoever, unless such room, hall, theater, picture house, auditorium, yard, court, ball park, or other place, has entrances, exits, and seating or standing sections set aside for and assigned to the use of Negroes, unless the entrances, exits and seating or standing sections set aside for and assigned to the use of white persons are distinctly separated from those set aside for and assigned to the use of Negroes, by well defined physical barriers, and unless the members of each race are affectively restricted and confined to the sections set aside for and assigned to the use of such race.
SECTION 369. SEPARATION OF RACES It shall be unlawful to conduct a restaurant or other place of the serving of food in the city at which white and colored people are served in the same room, unless such white and colored persons are effectually separated by a solid partition extending from the floor upward to a distance of seven feet or higher, and unless a separate entrance from the street is provided for each compartment.
SECTION 597. NEGROES AND WHITE PERSONS NOT TO PLAY TOGETHER. It shall be unlawful for a Negro and a white person to play together or in company with each other in any game of cards, dice, dominoes or checkers. Any person, who being the owner, proprietor or keeper or superintendent, of any tavern, inn, restaurant, or other public house or public place, or the clerk, servant or employee or such owner, proprietor, keeper or superintendent, knowingly permits a Negro and a white person to play together or in company with each other at any game with cards, dice, dominoes or checkers in his house or on his premises shall, on conviction, be punished as provided in Section 4.
Montgomery Bus Segregation Laws
SECTION 10. SEPARATION OF RACES—REQUIRED Every person operating a bus line in the city shall provide equal but separate accommodations for white people and negroes on his buses, by requiring the employees in charge thereof to assign passengers seats on the vehicles under their charge in such manner as to separate the white people from the negroes, where there are both white an negroes on the same car; provided, however, that negro nurses having in charge white children or sick or infirm white persons, may be assigned seats among white people. (Code 1938 : 603.)
SECTION 11. POWERS OF PERSONS IN CHARGE OF VEHICLE. Any employee in charge of a bus operated in the city shall have the powers of a police
4/24/25, 3:46 PM Veterans of the Civil Rights Movement -- Example Segregation Laws
https://www.crmvet.org/info/seglaws.htm 1/2
office of the city while in actual charge of any bus, for the purpose of carrying out the provisions of the preceding section, and it shall be unlawful for any passenger to refuse or fail to take a seat among those assigned to the race to which he belongs, at the request of any such employee in charge, if there is a seat vacant. (Code 1938 : 604.)
Copyright © Webspinner: webmaster@crmvet.org (Labor donated)
4/24/25, 3:46 PM Veterans of the Civil Rights Movement -- Example Segregation Laws
https://www.crmvet.org/info/seglaws.htm 2/2
Source2.pdf
Birmingham Manifesto April 3, 1963
[The direct-action phase of the Birmingham Campaign commenced on April 3, 1963 when ACMHR issued the Manifesto below and more than 60 protesters trained and led by SCLC staff began sitting in at downtown lunch counters. At a time when Blacks who defied the status quo faced arrests on trumped up charges, beatings, bombings, and shootings, it took enormous courage for Shuttlesworth and Smith to sign this public declaration of resistance to the established order. ]
The patience of an oppressed people cannot endure forever. The Negro citizens of Birmingham for the last several years have hoped in vain for some evidence of good faith resolution of our just grievances.
Birmingham is part of the United States and we are bona fide citizens. Yet the history of Birmingham reveals that very little of the democratic process touches the life of the Negro in Birmingham. We have been segregated racially, exploited economically, and dominated politically. Under the leadership of the Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights, we sought relief by petition for the repeal of city ordinances requiring segregation and the institution of a merit hiring policy in city employment. We were rebuffed. We then turned to the system of the courts. We weathered set-back after set-back, with all of its costliness, finally winning the terminal, bus, parks and airport cases. The bus decision has been implemented a begrudgingly and the parks decision prompted the closing of all municipally-owned recreational facilities with the exception of the zoo and Legion Field. The airport case has been a slightly better experience with the experience of hotel accommodations and the subtle discrimination that continues in the limousine service.
We have always been a peaceful people, bearing our oppression with super-human effort. Yet we have been the victims of repeated violence, not only that inflicted by the hoodlum element but also that inflicted by the blatant misuse of police power. Our memories are seared with painful mob experience of Mother's Day 1961 during the Freedom Rides. For years, while our homes and churches were being bombed, we heard nothing but the rantings and ravings of racist city officials.
The Negro protest for equality and justice has been a voice crying in the wilderness. Most of Birmingham has remained silent, probably ,out of fear. In the meanwhile, our city has acquired the dubious reputation of being the worst big city in race relations in the United States. Last fall, for a flickering moment, it appeared that sincere community leaders from religion, business and industry discerned the inevitable Confrontation in race relations approaching. Their Concern for the city's image and Commonweal of all its citizens did not run deep enough. Solemn promises were made, pending a postponement of direct action, that we would be joined in a suit seeking the relief of segregation ordinances. Some merchants agreed to desegregate their rest-rooms as a good-faith start, some actually complying, only to retreat shortly thereafter. We hold in our hands now, broken faith and broken promises.
We believe in the American Dream of democracy, in the Jeffersonian doctrine that "all men are created equal and are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights, among these being life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness."
Twice since September we have deferred our direct action thrust in order that a change in city government would not be made in the hysteria of community crisis. We act today in full Concert with our Hebraic-Christian tradition, the law of morality and the Constitution of our nation. The absence of justice and progress in Birmingham demands that we make a moral witness to give our community a chance to survive. We demonstrate our faith that we believe that The Beloved Community can come to Birmingham.
We appeal to the citizenry of Birmingham, Negro and white, to join us in this witness for decency, morality, self- respect and human dignity. Your individual and corporate support can hasten the day of "liberty and justice for all." This is Birmingham's moment of truth in which every citizen can play his part in her larger destiny. The Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights, in behalf of the Negro community of Birmingham.
F. L. Shuttlesworth, President N. H. Smith, Secretary
4/24/25, 3:47 PM Veterans of the Civil Rights Movement -- Birmingham Manifesto
https://www.crmvet.org/docs/bhammanf.htm 1/2
Copyright © Webspinner: webmaster@crmvet.org (Labor donated)
4/24/25, 3:47 PM Veterans of the Civil Rights Movement -- Birmingham Manifesto
https://www.crmvet.org/docs/bhammanf.htm 2/2
Worksheet.docx
Use the five attachments to complete the following:
Document 1
Title: Click or tap here to enter text.
Type of document: Click or tap here to enter text.
Year created: Click or tap here to enter text.
Who likely read this document? Click or tap here to enter text.
What is the document about (one paragraph summary)? Click or tap here to enter text.
One quote from the document that supports your answer: Click or tap here to enter text.[endnoteRef:1] [1: Click or tap here to enter text.]
Title: Click or tap here to enter text.
Type of document: Click or tap here to enter text.
Year created: Click or tap here to enter text.
Who likely read the document? Click or tap here to enter text.
What is the document about (one paragraph summary)? Click or tap here to enter text.
One quote from the document that supports your answer:Click or tap here to enter text.[endnoteRef:2] [2: Click or tap here to enter text. 3. Click or tap here to enter text. 4. Click or tap here to enter text.]
Document 3
Title: Click or tap here to enter text.
Type of document: Click or tap here to enter text.
Year created: Click or tap here to enter text.
Who likely read the document? Click or tap here to enter text.
What is the document about (one paragraph summary)? Click or tap here to enter text.
One quote from the document that supports your answer:Click or tap here to enter text.
Document 4
Title: Click or tap here to enter text.
Type of document: Click or tap here to enter text.
Year created: Click or tap here to enter text.
Who likely read the document? Click or tap here to enter text.
What is the document about (one paragraph summary)? Click or tap here to enter text.
One quote from the document that supports your answer:Click or tap here to enter text.
Image
Write two words that describe the photo: Click or tap here to enter text.
Are there people? If so, describe them: Click or tap here to enter text.
Are there objects? If so, describe them: Click or tap here to enter text.
Why do you think the photo was taken? Click or tap here to enter text.
Where do you think the photo was taken? Click or tap here to enter text.
How does this photo compare to modern times? Click or tap here to enter text.
Taken all together, what did you learn about the time period we are studying this week from these documents and image? Click or tap here to enter text.
Source1.pdf
Civil Rights Movement Archive Example Segregation Laws
Birmingham Public Accomodation Segregation Laws
Montgomery Bus Segregation Laws
Throughout the South, states, counties, and municipalities had a bewildering array of inconsistent segregation laws mandating the separation of the races. Tens of thousands of men, women, girls, and boys — most of them Black, some white — were arrested during the Freedom Movement for violating these dehumanizing laws. The few examples below are typical of the southern segregation laws that were eventually over-turned by Federal court rulings the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
Birmingham Public Accomodation Segregation Laws
SECTION 359. SEPARATION OF RACES It shall be unlawful for any person in charge or control of any room, hall, theater, picture house, auditorium, yard, court, ballpark, public park, or other indoor or outdoor place, to which both white persons and Negroes are admitted, to cause, permit or allow herein or thereon any theatrical performance, picture exhibition, speech or educational or entertainment program of any kind whatsoever, unless such room, hall, theater, picture house, auditorium, yard, court, ball park, or other place, has entrances, exits, and seating or standing sections set aside for and assigned to the use of Negroes, unless the entrances, exits and seating or standing sections set aside for and assigned to the use of white persons are distinctly separated from those set aside for and assigned to the use of Negroes, by well defined physical barriers, and unless the members of each race are affectively restricted and confined to the sections set aside for and assigned to the use of such race.
SECTION 369. SEPARATION OF RACES It shall be unlawful to conduct a restaurant or other place of the serving of food in the city at which white and colored people are served in the same room, unless such white and colored persons are effectually separated by a solid partition extending from the floor upward to a distance of seven feet or higher, and unless a separate entrance from the street is provided for each compartment.
SECTION 597. NEGROES AND WHITE PERSONS NOT TO PLAY TOGETHER. It shall be unlawful for a Negro and a white person to play together or in company with each other in any game of cards, dice, dominoes or checkers. Any person, who being the owner, proprietor or keeper or superintendent, of any tavern, inn, restaurant, or other public house or public place, or the clerk, servant or employee or such owner, proprietor, keeper or superintendent, knowingly permits a Negro and a white person to play together or in company with each other at any game with cards, dice, dominoes or checkers in his house or on his premises shall, on conviction, be punished as provided in Section 4.
Montgomery Bus Segregation Laws
SECTION 10. SEPARATION OF RACES—REQUIRED Every person operating a bus line in the city shall provide equal but separate accommodations for white people and negroes on his buses, by requiring the employees in charge thereof to assign passengers seats on the vehicles under their charge in such manner as to separate the white people from the negroes, where there are both white an negroes on the same car; provided, however, that negro nurses having in charge white children or sick or infirm white persons, may be assigned seats among white people. (Code 1938 : 603.)
SECTION 11. POWERS OF PERSONS IN CHARGE OF VEHICLE. Any employee in charge of a bus operated in the city shall have the powers of a police
4/24/25, 3:46 PM Veterans of the Civil Rights Movement -- Example Segregation Laws
https://www.crmvet.org/info/seglaws.htm 1/2
office of the city while in actual charge of any bus, for the purpose of carrying out the provisions of the preceding section, and it shall be unlawful for any passenger to refuse or fail to take a seat among those assigned to the race to which he belongs, at the request of any such employee in charge, if there is a seat vacant. (Code 1938 : 604.)
Copyright © Webspinner: webmaster@crmvet.org (Labor donated)
4/24/25, 3:46 PM Veterans of the Civil Rights Movement -- Example Segregation Laws
https://www.crmvet.org/info/seglaws.htm 2/2
Source2.pdf
Birmingham Manifesto April 3, 1963
[The direct-action phase of the Birmingham Campaign commenced on April 3, 1963 when ACMHR issued the Manifesto below and more than 60 protesters trained and led by SCLC staff began sitting in at downtown lunch counters. At a time when Blacks who defied the status quo faced arrests on trumped up charges, beatings, bombings, and shootings, it took enormous courage for Shuttlesworth and Smith to sign this public declaration of resistance to the established order. ]
The patience of an oppressed people cannot endure forever. The Negro citizens of Birmingham for the last several years have hoped in vain for some evidence of good faith resolution of our just grievances.
Birmingham is part of the United States and we are bona fide citizens. Yet the history of Birmingham reveals that very little of the democratic process touches the life of the Negro in Birmingham. We have been segregated racially, exploited economically, and dominated politically. Under the leadership of the Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights, we sought relief by petition for the repeal of city ordinances requiring segregation and the institution of a merit hiring policy in city employment. We were rebuffed. We then turned to the system of the courts. We weathered set-back after set-back, with all of its costliness, finally winning the terminal, bus, parks and airport cases. The bus decision has been implemented a begrudgingly and the parks decision prompted the closing of all municipally-owned recreational facilities with the exception of the zoo and Legion Field. The airport case has been a slightly better experience with the experience of hotel accommodations and the subtle discrimination that continues in the limousine service.
We have always been a peaceful people, bearing our oppression with super-human effort. Yet we have been the victims of repeated violence, not only that inflicted by the hoodlum element but also that inflicted by the blatant misuse of police power. Our memories are seared with painful mob experience of Mother's Day 1961 during the Freedom Rides. For years, while our homes and churches were being bombed, we heard nothing but the rantings and ravings of racist city officials.
The Negro protest for equality and justice has been a voice crying in the wilderness. Most of Birmingham has remained silent, probably ,out of fear. In the meanwhile, our city has acquired the dubious reputation of being the worst big city in race relations in the United States. Last fall, for a flickering moment, it appeared that sincere community leaders from religion, business and industry discerned the inevitable Confrontation in race relations approaching. Their Concern for the city's image and Commonweal of all its citizens did not run deep enough. Solemn promises were made, pending a postponement of direct action, that we would be joined in a suit seeking the relief of segregation ordinances. Some merchants agreed to desegregate their rest-rooms as a good-faith start, some actually complying, only to retreat shortly thereafter. We hold in our hands now, broken faith and broken promises.
We believe in the American Dream of democracy, in the Jeffersonian doctrine that "all men are created equal and are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights, among these being life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness."
Twice since September we have deferred our direct action thrust in order that a change in city government would not be made in the hysteria of community crisis. We act today in full Concert with our Hebraic-Christian tradition, the law of morality and the Constitution of our nation. The absence of justice and progress in Birmingham demands that we make a moral witness to give our community a chance to survive. We demonstrate our faith that we believe that The Beloved Community can come to Birmingham.
We appeal to the citizenry of Birmingham, Negro and white, to join us in this witness for decency, morality, self- respect and human dignity. Your individual and corporate support can hasten the day of "liberty and justice for all." This is Birmingham's moment of truth in which every citizen can play his part in her larger destiny. The Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights, in behalf of the Negro community of Birmingham.
F. L. Shuttlesworth, President N. H. Smith, Secretary
4/24/25, 3:47 PM Veterans of the Civil Rights Movement -- Birmingham Manifesto
https://www.crmvet.org/docs/bhammanf.htm 1/2
Copyright © Webspinner: webmaster@crmvet.org (Labor donated)
4/24/25, 3:47 PM Veterans of the Civil Rights Movement -- Birmingham Manifesto
https://www.crmvet.org/docs/bhammanf.htm 2/2