a research paper review
marjoee25
clinical_paper_review.docxRunning head: CLINICAL DEVICES AND TECHNOLOGY 1
CLINICAL DEVICES AND TECHNOLOGY 2
Clinical devices and Technology:
Name of student:
Name of institution:
Introduction
The emergence of technology has currently affected many areas in general. The technology has led to several inventions in the health care services that have been of great help. To start with, the health matters in this case are seen to have improved a lot due to the new technology. This paper is going to assess various devices or technology that have been tested and approved in the last 10 years. This is in line with diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular system. The two technologies include; the New Laser Technology and the Trans-catheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR). These will be discussed in details, including what they are able to do in diagnosing the cardiovascular system and what they have not been able to achieve so far. The paper will also analyze the major problems that have been experienced ever since these technologies were put in place.
Part 1
In this part, the paper will discuss the two technologies in a detailed way. The first one to discuss is the New Laser Technology. Under this, an application was invented called Trans-myocardial Revascularization (TMR). The main aim of this application was to treat both men and women who had severe heart diseases. These patients had an exemption since they were those who were not candidates for given coronary bypass surgery or the common balloon angioplasty that had been invented by then. This is necessary as it is used to reduce the cost of treating heart disease with minimal injury to the patient. The patients are treated using this technology as it is faster to scan the heart and offer the doctors with adequate information on how they can carry out the treatment (Stillman, 2010). The new laser technology which has led to development of TMR has been used in most developed nations to treat the cardiovascular system. On the other hand, the Trans-catheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR) was invented as a procedure of selecting the patients who have severe symptomatic aortic stenosis and who are not candidates of the traditional open chest operation or those who are at high risk of death if an operation took place. The symptomatic aortic stenosis refers to a sickness whereby the aortic valve opening narrows. This means that the valve is at risk of bursting due to the high pressure. This technology is carried out when the heart is beating and does not need the bypass of cardiopulmonary. Thus, this technology, hence helps placement of the balloon which is an expandable aortic valve into the body. This is through the catheter-based delivery system that has the trans-femoral system in it. It has currently been used in U.S. and is healing many patients so far.
Part 2
Despite the positive reasons of inventing the two technologies in diagnosing cardiovascular system, some have not been met. There are several unmet clinical needs each technology had been initially designed to help. To start with, the Trans-myocardial Revascularization (TMR) has not met certain needs. The main one is that it has the technology has not been able to allow for greater potential long term channel potency among the patients. The patients who make use of this technology have always been able to have the treatment helpful only in the short term (Kronenfeld, 2012). Once the treatment has taken place, then the disease reduces for the meantime. There is reduced or no pain depending with the method used. The patient then starts to feel the pain again. The Trans-myocardial Revascularization (TMR) was meant to provide a long term solution to the heart disease but this has not yet been attained. The technology is yet to cause permanent healing. The Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR) has also some clinical needs that it has not been under this new technology. The Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR) has not been able to replace the totally worn out valves. The technology has only been able to replace the valves that are worn out but are at their early stages. This means that a patient who can be assisted by this technology is the one who goes for frequent heart check-ups. This can help the doctor identify the valve that has started wearing out. The process requires a lot of money since the medical practitioners charge a lot of fees as part of the consultation.
Part 3
The two technologies were designed in a way such that they solved all the clinical needs. As discussed in part 2, the unmet clinical needs are supposed to be met by the technologies but have not been realized yet. (you say the exact same thing in these two sentences). These technologies were designed in a special way to make sure that the needs were being met but this was not achieved. The Trans-myocardial Revascularization (TMR) technology was, however developed in order to create a long-term solution. The developers of this technology had come up with all the initiatives to try to ensure that the treatment was permanent. The Cornell research team that was led by Dr. Rosengart had developed a simple way of carrying out the coronary bypass surgery. The team had planned that the surgery was going to be a long term healing process. The team also ensured that the adopted laser technology was very helpful to all the participants. The laser technology was to be adopted in scanning the heart of the patient in order to determine the extent of the heart damage. This will help the doctors establish a good diagnosis to solve the complication. However, because of the reduced power of the laser rays, this could not be easily established. The power of the rays had to be reduced to avoid more contamination with the heart since the huge rays could lead to further complications (Stillman, 2010). On the other hand, the Trans-catheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR) was a technology that was developed in order to replace all types of valves either fully worn-out or partially worn-out. The developers did this by coming up with the exact specifications to be used for the real treatment.
Part 4
There are various reasons behind the fact that the clinical needs have not been met by the developed technologies in solving the medical issues. The technologies developed to solve the cardiovascular issues have not fully met the desired needs since there are several drawbacks. To start with, the drawbacks of the Trans-myocardial Revascularization (TMR) technology are many and diverse. The first one is that there was a limitation on the effects of laser rays that were being used. The laser technology in this case is seen to cause several effects to the internal body organs especially if taken more frequently. The long term effects are diverse and are seen to increase if the person is weak. Thus, the doctors fear that the patient will be affected more by the rays. The rays are likely to cause more damage within the heart, especially due to lack of covering. This is a major barrier and has caused the technology to fail in the long run. On the other hand, the Trans-catheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR) has failed to meet the various clinical needs due to different reasons. The main one is lack of proper knowledge investment in the technology. The technology has not been able to include possible ideas on how the valves can be replaced once damaged. The developers were unable to identify the extent to which the valve is damaged. They lack the knowledge of determining the damage caused to the valve. This has made it hard for the technology to come up with a way of replacing the valves already damaged. These are the main reasons as to why the two technologies were not able to meet all the planned clinical needs.
Part 5
From the developed technologies, there are various anticipated problems that have already taken place despite the goal of diagnosing the cardiovascular systems. These technologies are not perfect, as they are invented by men who are subject to some inefficiency. These technologies might have been developed and researched by experts in health care services but who might not be fully qualified as expected. To start with, there have been unexpected deaths from the use of the Trans-catheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR) and the Trans-myocardial Revascularization (TMR) (Berne, 2009). These deaths occurred in large numbers ever since the technologies were invented. The process of approving these technologies was meant to increase the quality of service delivery in the health sector. These technologies were supposed to help reduce the death of those suffering from heart diseases. This was achieved by the technologies, though there were some unexpected deaths from the same. The people died since there were some uncritical areas met by the technologies. There was also some life threatening adverse effects that took place. These events were threatening since it might have affected the future life of the individual. These threats also lead to more death of the people, which are unexpected. These technologies are seen to lead to increased deaths which are not supposed to take place. (REPETITIVE, isn’t there anything else you can talk about)
Part 6
The above problems occurred due to various reasons as associated with the technologies. The deaths that are unexpected took place since there were some poor functioning of the systems that were used to develop the technologies. Lack of qualified experts in the technology led to the unexpected deaths. Those who developed the technologies were not able to focus well on how the people’s health needs would have been solved easily. They thought that diagnosing the heart did not have some negative effects. To start with, the experts who developed the technology failed to reason out on the effects of the laser rays. The rays were actually harmful if used for a long time (Berne, 2009). This was the main reason that led to unexpected deaths. The deaths also took place since the developers were not able to identify the possible damages on the heart valves. The valves of the heart might have been further damaged under Trans-catheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR) if the replacement was not carried on well. This was major reason that led to increased in unexpected deaths. The life threatening adverse effects also took place since the developers of the technology were not very exact on what the future of the patient would look like. This made them unable to develop the most appropriate technology with minimal or less harmful effects
Conclusion
References
Berne, R. M., Sperelakis, N., & American Physiological Society (2009). The Cardiovascular system improved by technology in diagnosis. Bethesda, Md: American Physiological Society.
Kronenfeld, J. J. (2012). Changing consumers and changing technology in health care and health care delivery. Amsterdam: JAI.
Stillman, B., Stewart, D. J., & Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. (2010). The cardiovascular system and Technology. Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.
