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files (6)instructions.docx
RacialFormations-1.pptx
UnderstandingRaceVirtual-1.pptx
- UnderstandingRacism-1.pptx
- RacialFormationorRacializationlectureNotes.docx
- RACELECTURENOTES.docx
instructions.docx
At this point, we have had some in-depth conversations about Race, Racial Formations, Racialization, and Racism. So, I want you to take what you have learned thus far about these concepts/ideas and articulate them into an essay. For this assignment, you will write a two-page double spaced paper where you define these terms and demonstrate your comprehension of course materials by incorporating information we have covered thus far. In this paper you will write out your own definitions of:
-Race
-Racial Formations OR Racialization
-Racism
I want you to incorporate and cite course materials (ie readings and lecture notes) to develop a robust definition of these concepts in your essay. You will need to cite AT LEAST one course reading and one lecture in your definition of these concepts. For example:
I define Race as the social understanding of human difference based on phenotype. Race has often been based on skin color, which are white, black, yellow, red, and brown (Pérez). Race was born out of systems of slavery and conquest where those with power wanted to control or remove certain populations (Zinn).
You will follow the above framework to define the three terms above. Thus, you will need to incorporate SIX total citations ( three from course readings and three from lecture notes) to complete this assignment and receive full credit.
Formatting/requirements:
1. 6 citations: 3 references from lecture notes/3 from course reading
2. intext citations should be formatted using MLA (Last Name) or (Last Name pg #)for direct quotes
3. definition of three terms above using your own words and course references
1. dedicate one paragraph toward defining each term
4. 500 word or two-page double spaced multi-paragraph essay
5. 12 point times new roman font
6. 1” margins
Grading Rubric
10points possible:
· 2 pts for grammar/syntax/writing
· Make sure that your paper is well written, using appropriate language, with minimal typos or other issues.
· 6 pts for sources and appropriate use course information
·
· You will need to include 2 sources (1 from course readings and 1 from course lectures) for each definition.
· You will need to appropriately cite this information following MLA standards
·
· For more information on MLA
· https://lbcc.libguides.com/citation_stylesLinks to an external site.
· https://style.mla.orgLinks to an external site.
· 2 pts for structure and flow of the essay
·
· You will write a multi-paragraph essay where each of the three concepts (Race/Racial Formations or Racialization/Racism) are defined.
·
· Structure:
·
·
· Paragraph 1: Race
· Paragraph 2: Racial Formation or Racialization
· Paragraph 3: Racism
· Your paper will need a general flow that is readable that also shows that you have a good grasp of the concept and course materials
RacialFormations-1.pptx
Racial Formations
ETHST 1
Dr. Frank Pérez
Lecture Layout
What will be covered:
What is race revisited
Phases of Race Thinking
Christian/theological
Biological/Scientific
Social Science
Racial prerequisite cases (evolving understanding of race
Racial Formation Theory
Racialization
Race making
Key terms:
Racial Formation Theory: an analytical tool in sociology used to look at race as a socially constructed identity, where the content and importance of racial categories are determined by social, economic, and political forces
Racialization:
The process by which social understandings (think stereotypes) are used to classify individuals or groups of people within a black-white colored binary or continuum.
Can be good or bad (Asians are good at math, all immigrants are criminals)
This is a (centuries long) process that associates certain social classifications (based on physical makers) with individuals that need to be:
Exploited for capitalist gains
Removed because they no longer serve a function in the capitalist society
What is Race? (Revisited)
What are our 4 (or 5) primary race categories?
These are considered to be what kind of construct?
When did our understandings of Race and racial difference emerge?
What was one of the primary purposes of establishing Race/Racial and Ethnic differences?
Racial Formations: Phases of Race thinking
Christian/theological thinking
Polygenesis: stemmed from European explorers that interacted with People of Color all over the world
They claimed that these people came from different origins than those of Anglo-Europeans, which was at odds with the Adam and Eve creationism story
Monogenesis: church argued that there was only one species of man but that different races were of different levels of piety (BIPOC were pagans in need of rescuing/Christianizing)
This both justified the conquest of lands and enslavement/eradication of people
Racial Formations: Phases of Race thinking
Biological Science
Evolutionary biologist, botanist, and medical scientist argued that human races we different down a cellular level
Essentially, there were different species of man (our 5 types)
Social Science
Anthropologist argued that Race was a social concept
Race was created out of social, political, and historical moments when various people were defined as different
Racial Formations: Racial Prerequisite Cases
History of Racial Perquisite Cases
List of all 51 Racial Perquisite Cases determining who was white
https://chnm.gmu.edu/courses/ncc375/rp/index.html
Racial Formations Theory
Theory of Racial Formation
an analytical tool in sociology, developed by Michael Omi and Howard Winant, which is used to look at race as a socially constructed identity, where the content and importance of racial categories are determined by social, economic, and political forces
Things to consider with regard to with Race:
It is a social construct
It is unstable
It evolves to include new groups of people over time
It is socially, politically, and economically defined
While imaginary, it has material effects on peoples' lives
Racial Formations: Racialization
Racialization:
The process by which social understandings (think stereotypes) are used to classify individuals or groups of people within a black-white colored binary or continuum.
Can be good or bad (Asians are good at math, all immigrants are criminals)
This is a (centuries long) process that associates certain social classifications (based on physical makers) with individuals that need to be:
Exploited for capitalist gains
Removed because they no longer serve a function in the capitalist society
All groups are racialized in relational and oppositional ways
Exp: Evolving Racialization of Chicanx/Latinx
Race Making
Social:
Academics (education/theology)
Media (news/cinematic and tv/music/advertising)
Political
Campaigns
Politicians
Legal
Laws
Policies/Practices
Conclusion
What we covered
What is race revisited
Phases of Race Thinking
Christian/theological
Biological/Scientific
Social Science
Racial prerequisite cases (evolving understanding of race)
Racial Formation Theory
Racialization
Race making
Key Terms
Racial Formation Theory
Racialization
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UnderstandingRaceVirtual-1.pptx
What is Race?
ETHST 1
Dr. Frank Perez
Lecture Layout
What We Will Cover
Race
Demographics
Breakdown of colorism
Dominant group v Subordinate group
How we see them differently
Origins of Race thinking
Evolution of Race
Race Making
Key Terms:
Race
Social Construct
Dominant and Subordinate groups
2
Understanding Race
Fact check:
Both race and ethnicity are socially constructed
What does that mean?
Who creates these?
Understanding Race
Race
Social categorization based upon phenotypical differences
Used to establish hierarchal social orders based upon “physical” distinctions: Remember your colors and roots:
Anglo/European=White
Asian/Asian American=Yellow
Chican@ and Latin@=Brown
American Indigenous=Red
African/African American=Black
Race is a social construct: something that exists not in objective reality, but as a result of human interaction. It exists because humans agree that it exists.
Understanding Race
Race based groupings:
Dominant group: the group that posses more wealth, power, and prestige in a society
This group is seen as the normal community possessing the cultural/physical characteristic that are accepted, invisible, unchallengeable, and the standard by which we judge all other groups
Subordinate group: a group of people who are in a minority in a given society and who, because of “distinct” physical or cultural characteristics, are oppressed/dominated/subjugated/ suppressed with in the society
This groups is seen as abnormal group with cultural/physical characteristics that are exotic/erotic, desired/despised, and pathological/infectious
When did Race thinking begin in the Western World
There a couple ways to think about the Origins of Race in Europe/U.S
Columbus: Columbus arrival in the new world set precedence for the dehumanization of Indigenous Mesoamericans
1619 and the first slave ships: The arrival of first ships with enslaved Africans and the founding of the American colonies and chattel slaver system
Rise of Race
The roots and rise of race:
Colonization/colonialism and slavery
How do you justify taking over someone’s lands or enslavement?
Racial paternalism (“white man’s burden”)
Moralistic
Biological
In a nutshell, painting colonized people as evil or biologically/psychologically inferior and therefore in need of:
Rescuing/civilizing by colonizer
Eradication (to maintain racial order/purity)
History of Race
Race is a European colonial construct
Related entirely to migration and citizenship
Pioneered by Christian leaders and cartographers
Scientifically justified by evolutionary biologist
Carl Linnaeus (1758) describes human taxonomy:
-Homo Americanus (Indigenous Americans) as reddish, choleric, obstinate, contented, and regulated
-Homo Europeaus (Europeans) as white, fickle, sanguine, blue-eyed, gentle and governed by laws
-Homo Asiaticus (Indigenous Pan Asian Cultural-Ethnic groups) as sallow, grave, dignified, avaricious, and ruled by opinion
-Homo Afer (Indigenous African) as black, phlegmatic, cunning, lazy, lustful, and governed by caprice.
https://youtu.be/Q69pq7cQ_nY?t=534
Race and Ethnicity Evolving over time
https://www.vox.com/2016/8/18/12404688/census-race-history-intersectionality
Conclusion
What we covered:
Race: what it is and how it relates to color
Dominant vs. Subordinate groups
History of Race: where it comes from and how its made/changes
Key terms:
Race: Social categorization based upon phenotypical differences. Used to establish hierarchal social orders based upon “physical” distinctions
Social Construct: something that exists not in objective reality, but as a result of human interaction. It exists because humans agree that it exists.
Dominant group: the group that posses more wealth, power, and prestige in a society
Subordinate group: a group of people who are in a minority in a given society and who, because of “distinct” physical or cultural characteristics, are oppressed/dominated/subjugated/ suppressed with in the society
Race Making: social process for developing ideas about human difference that various social actors use to separate race/ethnically different populations
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