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UnderstandingRacism-1.pptxWhat is Racism
ETHST 1
Dr. Frank Perez
Lecture Layout
Key Term
Racism:
the belief/ideology that different races possess distinct characteristics, abilities, or qualities, especially to distinguish them as inferior or superior to one another.
This leads to prejudice, discrimination, or antagonism directed against a person or people based on their membership in a particular racial or ethnic group, typically one that is a minority or marginalized.
What we will cover
Racism
Mechanisms of racism
Forms of Racism
Scientific
Medical
institutional/systemic
What is Racism
Racism: the belief/ideology that different races possess distinct characteristics, abilities, or qualities, especially to distinguish them as inferior or superior to one another.
Ideology: a system of ideas and ideals, especially one which forms the basis of economic or political theory and policy
This leads to prejudice, discrimination, or antagonism directed against a person or people based on their membership in a particular racial or ethnic group, typically one that is a minority or marginalized.
Forms of Racism
Mechanisms of Racism:
Discrimination (social barriers rooted racisms and prejudices): behaviors that deny members of subordinate groups access to resources or rewards that the dominant groups can
Stereotype (positive or negative): a widely held but fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing
Displacement: the transferring of ideas or emotions from their true source to another object
Scapegoat: an individual or group blamed for societal wrongs not of their doing
Prejudice: is an assumption or an opinion about someone simply based on that person's membership to a particular group
Race and Ethnicity
Race is maintained through various forms/systems of violence (physical/psychological/emotional/sexual)
http://youtu.be/CFq4YA3LC1w?t=3m
Forms of racist violence (direct/indirect)
Genocide: the systematic, planned destruction of racial, political, or cultural groups
Segregation: the policies and practices that keep racial groups separated, thereby maintaining the superior position of the dominant group
Understanding Racism
Indian Removal Act (1830)
Indian Appropriation Act (1851)
Greaser Act (1855)
First anti-Mexican legislation in California
Black codes
Dread Scott (1857)
Vagrancy laws
Convict Leasing
Plessy vs. Ferguson (1896)
Chinese Exclusion Act (1882)
CA Alien Land Law (1913)
Immigration act (1924)
Racial quotas of immigrants
Executive Order 9066 Japanese Interment (1942-1945)
Mexican Repatriation Program (1929-1936)/Operation Wetback (1954-1964)
Operation Hold the Line/Gate Keeper (1993/1994)
Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act (1996)
Notable Racist Legislations
13th amendment (1864): Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, EXCEPT AS A PUNISHMENT FOR CRIME whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.
Racist Caricatures
Forms of Racism
Racism operates at several levels in our society
Societal institutions and practices as well as individuals are impacted by racist ideologies
This leads to different life chances and social outcomes for People of Color compared to whites
https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/03/19/upshot/race-class-white-and-black-men.html
Forms of Racism
Scientific Racism
The use of scientific research or data to justify or reify beliefs about the superiority or inferiority or particular racial groups.
Much of the “data” used to justify such claims are flawed or biased
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mMVzPCOut1w&t=220s
Forms of Racism
Medical Racism
Our medical system is structured to individually and systemically favor white physicians and patients in ways that white people are trained to ignore. Most white doctors do not think race affects them or their clinical decisions and are taught to ignore their own racial privilege in favor of a meritocratic social myth.
However, multiple studies reinforce the existence of racial bias among physicians and its negative implications for patient care. 3
Collective inaction has led to a decline in the absolute number of African-American male matriculates to US medical schools from 1978 to 2014. 4 Black men make up just 2% of male fulltime faculty at MD-granting institutions (Romano, 2018)
Cultural stereotypes may not be consciously endorsed, but their mere existence influences how information about an individual is processed and leads to unintended biases in decision-making, so called “implicit bias”. (Chapman, Kaatz, Carnes, 2013).
Forms of Racism
Institutional/systemic Racism: the existence of systematic policies or laws and practices that provide differential access to goods, services and opportunities of society by race.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O5FBJyqfoLM
Forms of Racism
Interpersonal
The most well-known form, interpersonal racism is between individuals
This form of racism can range from small acts (microagressions) against someone to larger direct attacks (hate crimes)
Microaggressions: a statement, action, or incident regarded as an instance of indirect, subtle, or unintentional discrimination against members of a marginalized group such as a racial or ethnic minority.
Hate crimes: criminal offense against a person or property motivated in whole or in part by an offender’s bias against a race, religion, disability, sexual orientation, ethnicity, gender, or gender identity.
Forms of Racism
Internalized Racism
This form of racism is often the least visible and generally affects BIPOC communities
BIPOC folks will accept the problematic assumptions about their communities and either distance themselves from their culture or engage in self harm
This tends to happen early as BIPOC youth fail to find wholesome representations of their culture in media
Conclusion
What we covered
Racism
Mechanisms of racism
Forms of Racism
Scientific
Medical
Institutional/systemic
Interpersonal
internalized
Key term
Racism
