Respond to the following student reply with your opinion on their post in 4 hours.

Hello professor Selvage:

            The value and quality of life are what guide human existence. However, we must use our critical thinking skills so that we can progress effectively. Life is made of values that must be considered so that we can live healthy and happy. There is also the principle of “moral theories” that guides our actions in order to be a more valuable, responsible and ethical person. According to Boss, Judith A. (2016), there are two (2) basic types of moral theories: those that claim that morality is relative and those that claim that morality is universal.

            Speaking about the relativity of moral theories can be explained by the concepts of ethical subjectivists and cultural relativism. The ethical subjectivists state that morality is nothing more than personal or feelings (Boss,2016, p.281). For example, something or an action can be right for someone but wrong for another. Additionally, this view is based on opinion rather than fact, and on what is socially approved customs for moral standards.

Speaking about the universality of moral theories can be explained by the utilitarian and deontology. Utilitarianism is an ethical theory holding that the proper course of action is the one that maximizes the overall "happiness". It is thus a form of consequentialism, meaning that the moral worth of an action is determined only by its resulting outcome, and that one can only weigh the morality of an action after knowing all its consequences (Boss, 2016). Furthermore, another article that shares the same view is the journal whose title is “Speaking to the Value of Life” where Sulmasy, Daniel P. (2011) states that the good must be justified by its consequences. Utilitarianism can be contrasted with deontological ethics which do not regard the consequences of an act as a determinant of its moral worth, virtue ethics (which focuses on character). 

According to research, life has intrinsic values that can be place a-priori (prior existence) or a-posteriori (post experience). The value of life and moral rules are what are concerning the quality of life. Since the Utilitarian principle states the greatest good for the greater amount of people, and the deontology is the duty to do good; I support the view that morality is universal since it is mostly based on fact rather than opinion.

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