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Motivation is the psychological process that arouses and directs  behavior. There are three theories that will help us understand the  motivation of employees in the workplace.

1. Goal-setting theory - Suggests behavior can be motivated with  specific, challenging goals that are obtainable. The key to goal-setting  theory is ensuring employees understand what is expected and accept the  goals.
2. Self-efficacy - Is the belief “I Can/Can’t Do this Task.”  Self-efficacy is the belief in one’s personal ability to do a task.  There is a lot to be said to scoring high in this trait. People who are  confident about their ability tend to succeed, whereas those who doubt  their ability tend to fail.
3. Reinforcement theory - Explains how behavior can be altered by  administering positive or negative consequences to actions of employees.  Behavior with positive consequences tends to be repeated, and behavior  with negative consequences tends not to be repeated.