PHIlosophy

For those missed readings that were not in the textbook, I provide you the following questions, which you should answer in the same format:

1) [Re: "Euthyphro"] Provide and defend a definition of piety that avoids the dilemma that traps Euthyphro.
2) [Re: Trolley Cases] Take the standard trolley case at the beginning of the "Trolley Cases" section of the text. Imagine that all five people tied to the second track will, if they live, have lives that are more painful than pleasurable, and the person tied to the first track, if he/she lives, will have a life that is more pleasurable than painful. It seems like the utilitarian must say that one ought not flip the switch. Yet, it actually isn't an open-and-shut case. What legitimate reason could the utilitarian have for flipping the switch?
3) [Re: Wolf] Explain how the rational saint (i.e., Kantian moral saint) could act for real, important reasons that are not moral reasons.