MUSIC SHORT ESSAY QUESTIONS

Provide bibliographic references when appropriate.

Answer the following short-essay questions.

1. (20 pts.) List and discuss the most significant musical elements that distinguish European music from other musical cultures of the world.
   
   
2. (20 pts.) Provide an outline of the development of polyphony in Europe, from the plainchant found before 1000ce up to the tertiary homophony of 1600ce.
   
   
3. (20 pts.) What is a ballad? Give a detailed definition that includes its origins and its common usage throughout Europe and the Americas.
   
   
4. (20 pts.) Discuss the social and religious uses of African music, as well as its overall importance in traditional African culture. 
   
   
5. (20 pts.) Describe how various elements of African polyphony have been incorporated into the American musical tradition.