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MLA Concept: Sandwiching a Quote

2

Sandwiching: Integrating a Quote

Duckworth and Gross introduce an integrative framework to help the reader understand the requirements for achieving long-term success using grit and self-control. They propose that grit and self-control have some similarities and have some differences, both of which can be understood using the “hierarchical goal framework” (Duckworth and Gross 321). “[G]oals are typically organized hierarchically, with lower-order goals serving higher-order goals. Lower-order goals are more numerous, context specific, short-term, and substitutable, whereas higher-order goals are typically fewer in number, more abstract, more enduring, and more important to the individual” (Duckworth and Gross 321). The similarities between both grit and self-control are that each require you to distinguish between goals and design a plan(s) to reach successful resolution. Where they differ is in the idea that grit requires long-term commitment for years or even decades to a superordinate goal in the face of setbacks and obstacles (Duckworth and Gross 321). Self-control only creates momentary success.

Copyright © 2022 Regina Y. Favors. All Rights Reserved.

MLA Concept: Sandwiching a Quote

2

Sandwiching: Integrating a Quote

Duckworth and Gross introduce an integrative framework to help the reader understand the requirements for achieving long-term success using grit and self-control. They propose that grit and self-control have some similarities and have some differences, both of which can be understood using the “hierarchical goal framework” (Duckworth and Gross 321). “[G]oals are typically organized hierarchically, with lower-order goals serving higher-order goals. Lower-order goals are more numerous, context specific, short-term, and substitutable, whereas higher-order goals are typically fewer in number, more abstract, more enduring, and more important to the individual” (Duckworth and Gross 321). The similarities between both grit and self-control are that each require you to distinguish between goals and design a plan(s) to reach successful resolution. Where they differ is in the idea that grit requires long-term commitment for years or even decades to a superordinate goal in the face of setbacks and obstacles (Duckworth and Gross 321). Self-control only creates momentary success.

Copyright © 2022 Regina Y. Favors. All Rights Reserved.

Integrating Evidence Tutorial 2

MLA-Formatting Integrating Evidence Tutorial

This MLA-Formatting Integrating Evidence Tutorial explores three sample ways to integrate source material for the base source “Self-Control and Grit: Related but Separable Determinants of Success.”

MLA Setup

Jane Smith

Professor Favors

English 1301-81839

08 October 2022

Understanding Self-Control and Grit

Insert content here.

First Mention, Subsequent Referencing: Creating the Concept Paragraph

In “Self-Control and Grit: Related but Separable Determinants of Success,” Angela Duckworth and James J. Gross discuss “grit” as one of two determinants of success (319). Duckworth and Gross suggest that grit is “the tenacious pursuit of a dominate superordinate goal despite setbacks” (319). Grit along with self-control are “strongly correlated, but not perfectly so” (Duckworth and Gross 319). This means that both grit and self-control are not identical even though many lay people use the concepts interchangeably. What both Duckworth and Gross suggest in “Self-Control and Grit” is that you can have self-control without grit, but you cannot have grit without self-control. In order to reach long-term success, you must couple grit with self-control.

Sandwiching: Integrating a Quote

Duckworth and Gross introduce an integrative framework to help the reader understand the requirements for achieving long-term success using grit and self-control. They propose that grit and self-control have some similarities and have some differences, both of which can be understood using the “hierarchical goal framework” (Duckworth and Gross 321). “[G]oals are typically organized hierarchically, with lower-order goals serving higher-order goals. Lower-order goals are more numerous, context specific, short-term, and substitutable, whereas higher-order goals are typically fewer in number, more abstract, more enduring, and more important to the individual” (Duckworth and Gross 321). The similarities between both grit and self-control are that each require you to distinguish between goals and design a plan(s) to reach successful resolution. Where they differ is in the idea that grit requires long-term commitment for years or even decades to a superordinate goal in the face of setbacks and obstacles (Duckworth and Gross 321). Self-control only creates momentary success.

Sandwiching: Integrating Personal Experience

In a section of the article, Duckworth and Gross begin the discussion with self-control, suggesting that regulating your attention, emotion, and behavior is necessary for achieving everyday success (320). They briefly introduce self-control in terms of understanding it as a skill required to resolve a “conflict between two possible action tendencies . . .” (Duckworth and Gross 320). The skill needed is adjudication, the ability to judge between an “alluring goal” and a more “valued goal” (Duckworth and Gross 320). What they suggest is something I have found in my personal life to be a struggle. I have had trouble making decisions between watching television and completing my homework. I know that I need to do my homework, but I have to watch my favorite show. Of course, once I watch it, I feel bad that I didn’t complete my homework. I feel like if I can develop a strategy, this would help me manage my time better. Duckworth and Gross suggest that “deploying an array of cognitive and behavioral strategies . . . in advance” will help me to confront temptations (320).

Works Cited

Duckworth, Angela and James J. Gross. “Self-Control and Grit: Related but

Separable Determinants of Success.” Current Directions in Psychological Science, vol. 23, no. 5, 2014. Association for Psychological Science, 319-325,  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4737958/. Accessed 28 Sep. 2022.

Copyright © 2022 Regina Y. Favors. All Rights Reserved.

Integrating Evidence Tutorial 2

MLA-Formatting Integrating Evidence Tutorial

This MLA-Formatting Integrating Evidence Tutorial explores three sample ways to integrate source material for the base source “Self-Control and Grit: Related but Separable Determinants of Success.”

MLA Setup

Jane Smith

Professor Favors

English 1301-81839

08 October 2022

Understanding Self-Control and Grit

Insert content here.

First Mention, Subsequent Referencing: Creating the Concept Paragraph

In “Self-Control and Grit: Related but Separable Determinants of Success,” Angela Duckworth and James J. Gross discuss “grit” as one of two determinants of success (319). Duckworth and Gross suggest that grit is “the tenacious pursuit of a dominate superordinate goal despite setbacks” (319). Grit along with self-control are “strongly correlated, but not perfectly so” (Duckworth and Gross 319). This means that both grit and self-control are not identical even though many lay people use the concepts interchangeably. What both Duckworth and Gross suggest in “Self-Control and Grit” is that you can have self-control without grit, but you cannot have grit without self-control. In order to reach long-term success, you must couple grit with self-control.

Sandwiching: Integrating a Quote

Duckworth and Gross introduce an integrative framework to help the reader understand the requirements for achieving long-term success using grit and self-control. They propose that grit and self-control have some similarities and have some differences, both of which can be understood using the “hierarchical goal framework” (Duckworth and Gross 321). “[G]oals are typically organized hierarchically, with lower-order goals serving higher-order goals. Lower-order goals are more numerous, context specific, short-term, and substitutable, whereas higher-order goals are typically fewer in number, more abstract, more enduring, and more important to the individual” (Duckworth and Gross 321). The similarities between both grit and self-control are that each require you to distinguish between goals and design a plan(s) to reach successful resolution. Where they differ is in the idea that grit requires long-term commitment for years or even decades to a superordinate goal in the face of setbacks and obstacles (Duckworth and Gross 321). Self-control only creates momentary success.

Sandwiching: Integrating Personal Experience

In a section of the article, Duckworth and Gross begin the discussion with self-control, suggesting that regulating your attention, emotion, and behavior is necessary for achieving everyday success (320). They briefly introduce self-control in terms of understanding it as a skill required to resolve a “conflict between two possible action tendencies . . .” (Duckworth and Gross 320). The skill needed is adjudication, the ability to judge between an “alluring goal” and a more “valued goal” (Duckworth and Gross 320). What they suggest is something I have found in my personal life to be a struggle. I have had trouble making decisions between watching television and completing my homework. I know that I need to do my homework, but I have to watch my favorite show. Of course, once I watch it, I feel bad that I didn’t complete my homework. I feel like if I can develop a strategy, this would help me manage my time better. Duckworth and Gross suggest that “deploying an array of cognitive and behavioral strategies . . . in advance” will help me to confront temptations (320).

Works Cited

Duckworth, Angela and James J. Gross. “Self-Control and Grit: Related but

Separable Determinants of Success.” Current Directions in Psychological Science, vol. 23, no. 5, 2014. Association for Psychological Science, 319-325,  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4737958/. Accessed 28 Sep. 2022.

Copyright © 2022 Regina Y. Favors. All Rights Reserved.

MLA Concept: First Mention

2

First Mention, Subsequent Referencing: Creating the Concept Paragraph

In “Self-Control and Grit: Related but Separable Determinants of Success,” Angela Duckworth and James J. Gross discuss grit as one of two determinants of success (319). Duckworth and Gross suggest that “grit” is “the tenacious pursuit of a dominate superordinate goal despite setbacks” (319). Grit along with self-control are “strongly correlated, but not perfectly so” (Duckworth and Gross 319). This means that both grit and self-control are not identical even though many lay people use the concepts interchangeably. What both Duckworth and Gross suggest in “Self-Control and Grit” is that you can have self-control without grit, but you cannot have grit without self-control. In order to reach long-term success, you must couple grit with self-control.

Copyright © 2022 Regina Y. Favors. All Rights Reserved.

MLA Topics: Applying Brackets

2

Using Brackets

There is a general rule for using brackets when changing quoted material. To ensure the quote is grammatically correct, you may use brackets to alter the quote. Be sure to maintain the original intent of the quote. Here is a screenshot of an original quote from “Self-Control and Grit: Related but Separable Determinants of Success.” The quote is about how goals are organized.

Figure. Screenshot of Source

Original Quote:

“we assume that goals are typically organized hierarchically, with lower-order goals serving higher-order goals. Lower-order goals are more numerous, context-specific, short-term, and substitutable, whereas higher-order goals are typically fewer in number, more abstract, more enduring, and more important to the individual” (Duckworth and Gross 320).

Using Brackets

Use of brackets will ensure the quote you integrate into your paper is grammatically correct. All sentences should begin with a capital letter as a rule. Here is the quoted text with application of the brackets.

Application of Brackets

First Example

“ [W]e assume that goals are typically organized hierarchically, with lower-order goals serving higher-order goals. Lower-order goals are more numerous, context-specific, short-term, and substitutable, whereas higher-order goals are typically fewer in number, more abstract, more enduring, and more important to the individual” (Duckworth and Gross 320).

Second Example

“ [G]oals are typically organized hierarchically, with lower-order goals serving higher-order goals. Lower-order goals are more numerous, context-specific, short-term, and substitutable, whereas higher-order goals are typically fewer in number, more abstract, more enduring, and more important to the individual” (Duckworth and Gross 320).

Figure. Side by Side Comparison (Brackets)

Original Quote	First Example	Second Example
“we assume that goals are typically organized hierarchically, with lower-order goals serving higher-order goals. Lower-order goals are more numerous, context-specific, short-term, and substitutable, whereas higher-order goals are typically fewer in number, more abstract, more enduring, and more important to the individual” (Duckworth and Gross 320).	“ [W]e assume that goals are typically organized hierarchically, with lower-order goals serving higher-order goals. Lower-order goals are more numerous, context-specific, short-term, and substitutable, whereas higher-order goals are typically fewer in number, more abstract, more enduring, and more important to the individual” (Duckworth and Gross 320).	“ [G]oals are typically organized hierarchically, with lower-order goals serving higher-order goals. Lower-order goals are more numerous, context-specific, short-term, and substitutable, whereas higher-order goals are typically fewer in number, more abstract, more enduring, and more important to the individual” (Duckworth and Gross 320).

Copyright © 2022 Regina Y. Favors. All Rights Reserved.

MLA Topics: Applying Ellipses

2

Using Ellipses

There is a general rule for using ellipses, which are required when you want ellipses to stand in for any part of the quote you omit. You can use ellipses in different places of quoted material, but you also must be sure not to change the meaning of the quote. Use of ellipses does not alleviate your responsibility to ensure the quote along with your sentence is grammatically correct. Here is a screenshot of an original quote from “Self-Control and Grit: Related but Separable Determinants of Success.” The quote is about how goals are organized.

Figure. Screenshot of Source

Original Quote:

“we assume that goals are typically organized hierarchically, with lower-order goals serving higher-order goals. Lower-order goals are more numerous, context-specific, short-term, and substitutable, whereas higher-order goals are typically fewer in number, more abstract, more enduring, and more important to the individual. At any level in the goal hierarchy, goals are more likely to be activated if they are appraised as feasible and desirable ( Atkinson, 1964). Individuals can have not only multiple goals but also multiple goal hierarchies; this multiplicity of motives can lead to conflicts” (Duckworth and Gross 320).

Consider the goal you have for integrating the quoted material. What do you want to keep? What do you want to delete? Here is the quote with ellipses applied and brackets to ensure the quote is grammatically correct.

Application of Ellipses

“ [W]e assume that goals are typically organized hierarchically, with lower-order goals serving higher-order goals. Lower-order goals are more numerous, context-specific, short-term, and substitutable, whereas higher-order goals are typically fewer in number, more abstract, more enduring, and more important to the individual. . . . Individuals can have not only multiple goals but also multiple goal hierarchies; this multiplicity of motives can lead to conflicts” (Duckworth and Gross 320).

Figure. Side by Side Comparison (Ellipses)

Original Quote

Applying Ellipses

“we assume that goals are typically organized hierarchically, with lower-order goals serving higher-order goals. Lower-order goals are more numerous, context-specific, short-term, and substitutable, whereas higher-order goals are typically fewer in number, more abstract, more enduring, and more important to the individual. At any level in the goal hierarchy, goals are more likely to be activated if they are appraised as feasible and desirable ( Atkinson, 1964). Individuals can have not only multiple goals but also multiple goal hierarchies; this multiplicity of motives can lead to conflicts” (Duckworth and Gross 320).

“ [W]e assume that goals are typically organized hierarchically, with lower-order goals serving higher-order goals. Lower-order goals are more numerous, context-specific, short-term, and substitutable, whereas higher-order goals are typically fewer in number, more abstract, more enduring, and more important to the individual. . . . Individuals can have not only multiple goals but also multiple goal hierarchies; this multiplicity of motives can lead to conflicts” (Duckworth and Gross 320).

Copyright © 2022 Regina Y. Favors. All Rights Reserved.