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Wef usef normalizationf tof reducef thef dataf beingf anomalousf orf redundantf andf inaccuratef asf
thesef discrepanciesf whenf dealingf withf dataf canf bef af smallf issuef thatf transitionsf intof af muchf
largerf issuef downf thef road.f normalizationf sortsf thisf dataf intof af relatedf table,f dividingf thef dataf
andf establishingf relationshipsf betweenf thef tablesf asf well.f Thef consequencesf off notf
normalizingf af relationalf databasef aref broadf butf nonef off themf aref goodf thingsf tof havef happen.f
Thesef issuesf includef inaccuracy,f slowf andf inefficientf dataf translation,f andf thef dataf mayf endf
upf notf beingf whatf thef developerf isf expectingf tof seef whenf puttingf thef databasef together.f
There'sf beenf af numberf off thesef subjectsf thatf seemf likef mildf oversightsf butf inf realityf aref
somethingf thatf couldf absolutelyf devastatef af project,f especiallyf iff thatf projectf hasf af deadf linef
forf af clientf orf af developmentf schedulef tof keepf upf with.f Normalizationf allowsf forf usf tof clearf
upf thesef discrepanciesf andf itf laidf outf fairlyf easilyf enoughf thatf anyonef shouldf bef ablef tof
understandf itf whichf helpsf especiallyf forf thosef off usf whof don'tf havef muchf softwaref
developmentf experiencef asf off yet.f Normalf formsf aref beingf usedf inf softwaref engineeringf
becausef itf helpsf tof splitf largerf tablesf intof smallerf one,f sof itf isf easierf tof linkf themf usingf
relationships.f Anotherf reasonf isf thatf itf improvesf thef integrityf off data.f Consequencesf off notf
usingf normalizationf off databasesf isf thatf theref wouldf bef af lotf off redundanciesf withinf thef
tables.f Theref couldf alsof bef af lotf off errors.f Thesef canf causef thingsf tof slowf downf sincef itf needsf
timef tof breakf thingsf down.f Plusf If feelf likef youf willf needf tof anf updatef af lotf whichf willf alsof
causef thingsf tof slowf down.f Wef usef Normalizationf tof minimizef thef redundancyf off data.f Itf
helpsf tof eliminatef andf reducef thef redundancyf inf databasef tables.f Itf alsof helpsf streamlinef dataf
makingf itf moref concise.f Searching,f sortingf andf creatingf dataf isf faster.f Youf canf fitf moref dataf
onf af pagef orf layout.f Itf alsof givesf moref flexibilityf sincef theref aref fewerf filesf perf table.f Sincef
thef informationf canf bef standardized,f thef sizef off thef informationf andf storagef itf takesf canf bef
reduced,f fittingf moref informationf intof onef place.f
Somef off thef downfallsf off normalizationf wouldf thatf thef theref isf af constantf needf tof gof updatef
queryf tablesf sincef thef tablesf containf certainf codes.f Thef dataf isf storedf asf linesf off codef ratherf
thanf genuinef data.f Thef dataf modelf isf alsof veryf difficultf tof manipulate.f Mostf applicationsf usef
af simplifiedf connectionf tof thef dataf modelf sof theyf havef issuesf readingf thef moref advancedf
codef usedf inf normalization.f Thisf willf alsof createf af "slowf down"f inf thef dataf duef tof longerf
processingf timesf onf thef moref advancedf dataf coding.f Normalizationf isf thef processf off
organizingf dataf inf af databasef suchf asf howf thef tablesf aref created,f whatf belongsf inf thef columnsf
andf thef relationshipsf betweenf thef tables.f Thisf helpsf byf eliminatingf redundancyf withinf thef
databasef thatf canf wastef space.f Usingf af normalizationf structuref whenf creatingf af databasef
duringf thef softwaref engineeringf phasef canf helpf lessenf errorsf andf improvef performancef off thef
program.f Iff af databasef isf createdf withoutf normalizationf tablesf couldf bef createdf thatf havef
“Inconsistentf dependencies”f suchf asf tryingf tof accessf anf addressf byf searchingf thef zipf code.Af
drawbackf off normalizationf wouldf bef creatingf af longerf task,f withf moref tablesf tof join,f thef needf
tof joinf themf togetherf increasesf andf causesf itf tof takef moref time.f Normalizationf off af databasef isf
af complexf andf difficultf taskf duef tof thef analysisf needingf tof knowf thef purposef off thef databasef
andf whatf itf shouldf bef optimizedf forf suchf asf readingf orf writingf data,f orf both.f Thef usef off
normalf formsf hasf benefitsf inf bothf thef fieldf off softwaref engineeringf andf thatf off dataf analysis.f
Theyf makef itf feasiblef tof dof dataf analysisf andf arrangef codef inf anf effectivef manner.f Thef Firstf
Normalf Formf (1NF),f thef Secondf Normalf Formf (2NF),f andf thef Thirdf Normalf Formf aref thef
threef separatef typesf off functionalf Normalf Formsf (3NF).f Anyf onef off thesef manyf filef formatsf
forf softwaref componentsf mayf bef seenf asf af collectionf off interconnectedf processesf thatf carryf
outf af particularf activity.f Thef usagef off normalf formsf helpsf tof preventf unforeseenf issues,f suchf
asf softwaref faultsf thatf mightf leadf tof thef failuref off af system.f Af fewf off thesef errorsf aref thef
directf resultf off redundantf code,f whichf mayf bef seenf asf performingf thef samef thingf moref thanf
once.Thef presencef off inconsistentf dataf isf af commonf issuef thatf mayf leadf tof disruptionsf andf
mistakesf inf thef system.f Thesef issuesf mightf arisef iff theref aref discrepanciesf inf thef informationf
thatf twof orf moref componentsf off thef systemf needf inf orderf tof functionf properly.f Anotherf
problemf mayf arisef whenf twof separatef piecesf off softwaref aref integratedf intof af singlef programf
inf orderf tof carryf outf thef samef function.f Thisf canf resultf inf anf errorf whenf thef twof separatef
piecesf off softwaref aref utilizedf inf conjunctionf withf onef another.f Thef solutionf tof thesef issuesf isf
tof makef usef off conventionalf formsf inf orderf tof locate,f simplify,f andf removef anyf unneededf
componentsf off thef code,f asf wellf asf anyf unwantedf softwaref functionality.f Computerf databasesf
aref usedf everywheref andf forf everything.f Normalf Fromf Databasef aref usedf inf softwaref
engineeringf becausef theyf aref simplef andf storef dataf inf af logicalf andf relatedf way.f
f Somef off thef advantagesf off doingf thisf are:f
Easef off storage
Informationf isf easilyf retrievedf
Informationf isf securef
Dataf isf organizedf logicallyf whichf wouldf bef likef howf itf wouldf bef storedf inf thef realf world
Reducesf thef databasef size
Preventsf dataf duplicationf andf ensuresf eachf dataf piecef isf onlyf storedf oncef
f
Somef off thef disadvantagesf off usingf normalf formf databasef are:f
Additionalf costsf forf usingf thef databasef
Itf slowsf dataf performancef overf otherf typesf off databasesf .Normalf formf databasesf aref complexf
andf difficultf tasksf tof complete.Inf af projectf iff youf usef andf Normalf formf databasef somef off thef
consequencef couldf bef timef andf money.f Whenf completingf af projectf sincef thef normalf formf
databasef isf moref complexf youf wouldf needf tof ensuref thef programmersf nowf howf tof codef andf
developf thatf typef off databasef andf alsof givef themf moref timef tof createf itf becausef itf isf moref
complex.f Becausef youf needf af higherf trainedf developer,f andf itf willf requiref moref timef itf meansf
thatf theref wouldf bef af higherf costf forf thef project.f
Normalizationf isf thef processf off minimizingf redundancyf fromf af relationf orf setf off relations.f
Redundancyf forf engineeringf isf thef inclusionf off extraf componentsf whichf aref notf strictlyf
necessaryf tof functioning,f inf casef off failuref inf otherf components.f Whatf thisf meansf isf itf
simplifiesf dataf inf af databasef forf thef softwaref engineersf tof readf andf understand.f Anf examplef
wouldf bef iff wef hadf af dataf basef forf customersf atf af videof rentalf store.f Wef wouldf havef af name,f
address,f andf whatf titlesf theyf havef borrowed.f Insteadf off compilingf allf thef titlesf intof onef cell,f
thef firstf normalf formf (1NF)f wouldf separatef thosef labelsf intof theirf ownf rowf off data,f keepingf
thef personsf informationf thatf hasf borrowedf it.f f Withoutf normalization,f itf couldf leadf tof issuesf
withf thef hardware,f software,f andf leavesf af riskf forf inaccuratef data.f Af consequencef forf notf
havingf normalizationf canf createf duplicatef informationf andf inaccuracyf dataf asf thisf willf
increasef thef overallf size.f Withf anf increasedf databasef fullf off potentiallyf inaccuratef data,f itf
wouldf reallyf dealf af blowf tof yourf overallf systemf performancef asf itf wouldf requiref additionalf
memoryf andf processingf powerf tof operate.
Thef mainf purposef off normalf formsf isf tof structuref andf organizef dataf inf af wayf thatf minimizesf
redundancy,f improvesf thef integrityf off thef dataf andf makef itf easierf tof managef andf maintainf thef
databasef overf time.f Forf example,f inf af company’sf employeef informationf database,f thef 3NFf isf
usedf tof minimizef redundancyf andf dependencyf inf thef database.f Anotherf example,f af productsf
databasef thatf containsf af tablef thatf hasf nof repeatingf groupsf off dataf likef af productsf table,f firstf
normalf formf isf usedf tof ensuref thatf eachf recordf inf thef tablef isf unique,f notf redundant,f easyf tof
updatef andf moref accurate.f
Iff thef databasef isf notf designedf usingf normalf form,f itf canf havef manyf consequencesf thatf
includef dataf redundancyf becausef multiplef copiesf off thef samef dataf willf existf thatf makef itf
difficultf tof updatef andf maintain.f Thus,f dataf integrityf problemsf andf inconsistencyf willf happen.f
Withf multiplef copiesf off dataf exist,f dataf queryf isf af problem.f Notf usingf normalf formf inf
softwaref engineeringf canf leadf tof severalf problemsf thatf canf impactf thef reliability,f efficiency,f
andf integrityf off af database.f Relationalf databasesf aref af simplyf wayf tof organizef data.f Youf canf
combinef dataf fromf otherf tables,f sortf results,f andf havef af varietyf off waysf tof organizef thef data,f
butf itf comesf withf somef issues.f Normalf formsf aref af wayf tof addressf somef off thosef issues.f Onef
off thef importantf issuesf thatf itf addressesf isf minimizingf redundancy.f Anotherf reasonf normalf
formsf aref usedf isf tof helpf makef dataf moref meaningfulf byf reducingf anomaliesf tof minimalf orf
zero.f Thisf isf donef byf makingf suref thatf af specificf setf off rulesf aref followed.f Forf example,f Firstf
normalf formf (1NF)f hasf sixf officialf requirementsf forf af table:
1. Eachf columnf mustf havef af uniquef name.
2. Thef orderf off thef rowsf andf columnsf doesn'tf matter
3. eachf columnf mustf havef af singlef dataf type
4. nof twof rowsf canf containf identicalf values
5. Eachf columnf mustf containsf singlef value
6. Columnsf cannotf containf repeatingf groups.
Somef off thef issuesf thatf canf occurf withoutf normalf formsf aref thingsf like,f duplicatef data,f notf
beingf ablef tof deletef partialf dataf withoutf deletingf itf allf orf thef existencef off unnecessaryf data.f Anf
examplef off thisf wasf thef relationalf databasef forf thef gymf If usef tof own.f Normalf formsf preventedf
mef formf accidentallyf enteringf thef samef memberf twice.f Itf alsof helpedf keepf peoplef separatedf
andf organizedf whenf theref wheref multiplef peoplef withf thef samef lastf orf firstf names.f Normalf
formsf aref consideredf tof bef af powerfulf toolf forf softwaref engineeringf andf dataf analysis.f Thesef
formsf canf bef usedf tof eliminatef andf reducef dataf redundancyf inf relationalf databasesf throughoutf
thef processf off softwaref engineering.f Softwaref engineersf canf easilyf usef thesef formsf tof
eliminatef orf reducef undesirablef characteristicsf likef update,f insertion,f andf deletionf anomalies.f
Thef normalizationf processf classifiesf thef largerf tablef intof differentf smallerf partsf andf usesf
relationshipsf tof relatef themf (DBMSf normalization:f 1NF,f 2NF,f 3NFf andf BCNFf withf examplesf
-f javatpoint,f 2021).f Moreover,f thef normalf formsf aref consideredf tof bef easyf tof integratef thef
databasef createdf andf thef designedf softwaref forf thef softwaref engineers.
Iff thef softwaref engineerf developsf af relationalf databasef withoutf normalizingf it,f itf canf resultf inf
anf inefficient,f slowf andf inaccuratef databasef system.f Itf willf notf producef thef expectedf dataf fromf
thef databasef systemf (Relationalf Databasef Normalizationf Process,f 2021).f Evenf itf becomesf
veryf difficultf tof updatef andf handlef thef databasef withoutf normalizingf thef databasef asf
sometimesf dataf canf lose.f Iff thef databasef isf notf usingf thef normalf form,f thenf frequentf updating,f
insertion,f andf deletionf anomaliesf canf occur.f Thus,f itf becomesf importantf tof nominalizef thef
database.f Forf example,f poorlyf normalizedf tablesf andf af poorlyf normalizedf databasef canf createf
issuesf forf thef softwaref engineerf becausef off thef subsequentf poorf performancef off thef databasef
systemf andf excessivef diskf I/Of tof thef inaccuratef database.f
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