Understanding the Impact of Childhood Trauma on Family
System and Childhood Outcomes
SOC 2075 - Sociology of the Family
University of Cincinnati
Childhood Trauma is one of the main issues that have significant
impacts on Family Systems and Childhood Outcomes. Childhood
trauma is a term used to refer to the severe or adverse experiences that
one undergoes during childhood. While growing up, children undergo
various experiences that are commonly classified under psychological
trauma. As a psychology senior who aspires to work as a Child
Therapist soon, this topic dramatically contributes to my career in
different ways. This paper focuses on the relationship between the
issue of childhood trauma mainly caused by the currently existing
vicious poverty cycle and how it affects childhood outcomes resulting
in historical trauma, which later affects family systems throughout
generations. Childhood trauma is an extended topic of discussion. It
can be expanded in relation to the socioeconomic disadvantages such
as poverty, systemic stratification racism, and many others concerning
how they influence childhood trauma and its associated outcomes in
the adult years of an individual. This study provides a full picture of
childhood trauma, which is profoundly rooted in family sociology per
se.
This study is very fundamental to families and society at large. The
impacts of childhood trauma in an individual's life are exceedingly
significant than mere problems faced during one's adulthood times.
Childhood trauma affects family systems through the creation of a
highly vicious cycle of historical trauma, which has adverse impacts
on families for very many generations. Understanding trauma and its
adverse impacts on family systems can serve as an initial step towards
breaking the cycle of historical trauma in family systems. This issue is
of sociological relevance in different ways since childhood trauma
may significantly affect adults and not manifest in the form of mere
family dysfunction or adversity. Childhood trauma could result in five
main health-related risks in an adult person's life. Among these
include obesity, depression, binge drinking, tobacco use, and
sometimes lead to self-reported sub-optimal health. Therefore, the
problem of childhood trauma significantly affects societies.
Literature Review
Bradley-Davino & Ruglass (n.d.) research reveals different facts about
issues of Trauma and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder among
economically disadvantaged populations. The study reveals that over
900 million people across different parts of the world live in extreme
poverty situations. Their study further reveals that over two billion
people are impoverished and survive on an income of less than $3.10
daily. The authors examined the impact of physical and behavioral
health on trauma for economically disadvantaged individuals. The
study reveals that economic disadvantage among different people is
associated with higher risks of repeated trauma, trauma beginning, or
experiencing trauma. More so, an economically disadvantaged
situation among populations is associated with an increased risk for
individuals suffering from trauma-related issues such as anxiety and
depression, or post-traumatic stress. This research study is in
agreement with various research studies previously conducted, which
reveal support that individuals having economically disadvantaged
lives have higher possibilities of suffering from trauma. Bradley-
Davino & Ruglass reveal that young children from economically
disadvantaged homes or societies stand higher risks of suffering from
"toxic stress response" resulting from severe or repeated adversity due
to lack of resources for the mitigation of the stressors in their lives.
The authors associated trauma with a retarded or low cognitive,
biological, and psychological development in the child, which also
increases the young child's risks of delayed development, physical and
emotional health issues. Such study results are of great significance in
this study since they reveal the actual impacts that childhood trauma
has childhood outcomes.
Collins et al. (2010) conducted a research study that focused on
examining the impact of urban poverty and trauma on the operation of
different family systems. The authors put a special focus on aspects
such as interventions, resilience, and risks. The authors reviewed
various clinical and research literature on how trauma affects family
systems in urban poverty. The main family subsystems that were
examined in the study include one's life as a child or an adult, parent-
child relationship, adult intimate relationship, sibling, and the overall
intergenerational relationships of an individual and the entire
operation of a family. Their study had the purpose of widening
trauma-informed care evidence-based information through putting a
strong focus on trauma-related familial responses and through
developing a foundational knowledge required in designing trauma-
specific and family-centered interventions that strengthen the ability
of any given family to cope, adapt and heal from past adversely
stressful events. Collins et-al study reveals essential findings to this
research study. Among their findings includes the fact that families
undergoing urban poverty often suffer from multiple traumas
throughout their respective lives. Such families have limited
opportunities to access resources that help in successful negotiations
with various traumatic experiences. Collins et al. revealed significant
results in agreement with the results obtained by Bradley-Davino &
Ruglass. Both studies reveal that people living under economically
disadvantaged lives have increased possibilities of suffering from
trauma in their lives. More so, the study revealed that repeated
exposure to traumatic events results in chronic or severe reactions in
various members of the facility, and its impacts extend more in-depth
into the entire family system. Their research confirms that the impacts
of childhood trauma affect all levels of the family system.
Economically disadvantaged families are affected by severe chronic
issues such as repeated traumas, disorganized lifestyles, stress,
conflicted relationship, and many others. This study's results are
significant for my research since they reveal the fact that childhood
trauma affects family systems.
Halfon et-al (2017) research reveals essential facts about income
inequality and the various differential impacts associated with adverse
experiences during childhood. The authors share that adverse
childhood experiences can have severe impacts on the health and
overall development of a child. The main objective of the research
study was to examine how ACEs continue manifesting at various
income levels of an individual, and how such economic-related pattern
influences the overall health and development of a young child. The
authors used the National Survey of Children's Health to obtain the
required information. The associations between the different variables
were further examined using both the bivariate and the multivariate
analyses. Their study revealed that there is an alignment of Adverse
Childhood Experiences along the income gradient. In contrast, those
occupying the bottom gradient have high possibilities of likelihood if
experiencing such adverse experiences. However, this study also
reveals that adverse childhood experiences also occur at all income
hierarchy levels and not necessarily to those living below the
threshold poverty level. This research study reveals essential facts that
are fundamental in this research paper. Notably, the study results align
with the study results shared by other researchers such as Bradley-
Davino & Ruglass, and Collines et al that there is a strong relationship
between one's economic status and the likelihood of an individual to
suffer from trauma or repeated trauma in adulthood. People living in
underprivileged economic conditions stand higher in the possibility of
suffering from the issue than those living in better economic
situations. Therefore, this research study is of considerable
significance to this research, and its insights can provide further
support to the already existing literature on the study topic.
Mock & Arai (2011) research reveals important facts about childhood
trauma and chronic illness during one's adulthood times. The authors
use socioeconomic status and mental health as the study's explanatory
factors and buffers. The authors agree with other research studies that
experiences of traumatic events during one's childhood times are
associated with some long-term consequences on individual general
health during adulthood times. The authors used research data
obtained from the Canadian Community Health Survey to examine the
potential impact of socioeconomic status and mental health during
adulthood times as potential mediators of the relationship between
chronic illness of an individual and childhood trauma. One’s
socioeconomic status and mental health status were also tested as
potential buffers against the exceedingly adverse childhood trauma
consequences. Their study revealed that one's socioeconomic status
and mental health partially support the fact that there is an association
between childhood trauma and chronic illness during adulthood times.
The study adds to other previous results by other researchers that
support the fact that higher socioeconomic status can serve as a
potential protective factor for individuals who have a history of
trauma. Notably, the study agrees with the research results obtained by
Collins et al. (2010), which share that people with a privileged social
and economic status have increased opportunities to access resources
that help them successfully negotiate with their respective traumatic
experiences. Therefore, poor economic living conditions increased
one's risk of suffering from trauma, even during adulthood. However,
such possibilities are limited if one is living an economically stable
life.
Walsh et al. (2019) share different facts concerning the relationship
between one's adverse childhood experiences and socioeconomic
position. The authors conducted a systematic review to study the facts
of the research study topic. Walsh et-al share that adverse childhood
experiences are likely to result in higher risks or adverse outcomes in
one's adulthood times. More so, various countries are making ACEs a
policy priority. The authors based their study on databases such as
ProQuest, Medline, and many others. The study reveals meaningful
statistical associations between one's Socioeconomic position during
childhood and adverse childhood experiences. The authors assert that
lower childhood socioeconomic position is associated with increased
risks of maltreatment or adverse childhood experiences. The study
supports research shared by the different research studies used in this
research paper on the fact that there is a relationship between one's
socioeconomic status, adverse childhood experiences and one's
possibility of suffering from trauma, an emergency of trauma or the
re-occurrence of trauma in one's later life. This study reveals
important facts that can be used in this research paper.
Conclusion
Childhood Trauma is one of the main issues that have significant
impacts on Family Systems and Childhood Outcomes. Childhood
trauma is an extended topic of discussion and therefore, can be
expanded concerning socioeconomic disadvantages such as poverty,
systemic stratification racism, and many others. Childhood trauma
affects family systems through the creation of a highly vicious cycle
of historical trauma, which has adverse impacts on families for very
many generations. Childhood trauma could result in health-related
risks in an adult person's life. Over two billion people are
impoverished and survive on an income of less than $3.10 daily.
Repeated exposures to traumatic events result in chronic or severe
reactions in various members of the facility, and its impacts extend
more in-depth into the entire family system. Economically
disadvantaged families are affected by severe chronic issues such as
repeated traumas, disorganized lifestyles, stress, conflicted
relationship, and many others. People living in underprivileged
economic conditions stand higher in the possibility of suffering from
the issue than those living in better economic situations. Higher
socioeconomic status can serve as a potential protective factor for
individuals who have a history of trauma. Lower childhood
socioeconomic position is associated with increased risks of
maltreatment or adverse childhood experiences. Therefore, childhood
trauma has adverse negative impacts on family systems and childhood
Outcomes.
This study is very fundamental to families and society at large. The
impacts of childhood trauma in an individual's life are exceedingly
significant than mere problems faced during one's adulthood times.
Childhood trauma affects family systems through the creation of a
highly vicious cycle of historical trauma, which has adverse impacts
on families for very many generations. Understanding trauma and its
adverse impacts on family systems can serve as an initial step towards
breaking the cycle of historical trauma in family systems. This issue is
of sociological relevance in different ways since childhood trauma
may significantly affect adults and not manifest in the form of mere
family dysfunction or adversity. Childhood trauma could result in five
main health-related risks in an adult person's life. Among these
include obesity, depression, binge drinking, tobacco use, and
sometimes lead to self-reported sub-optimal health. Therefore, the
problem of childhood trauma significantly affects societies.
Literature Review
Bradley-Davino & Ruglass (n.d.) research reveals different facts about
issues of Trauma and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder among
economically disadvantaged populations. The study reveals that over
900 million people across different parts of the world live in extreme
poverty situations. Their study further reveals that over two billion
people are impoverished and survive on an income of less than $3.10
daily. The authors examined the impact of physical and behavioral
health on trauma for economically disadvantaged individuals. The
study reveals that economic disadvantage among different people is
associated with higher risks of repeated trauma, trauma beginning, or
experiencing trauma. More so, an economically disadvantaged
situation among populations is associated with an increased risk for
individuals suffering from trauma-related issues such as anxiety and
depression, or post-traumatic stress. This research study is in
agreement with various research studies previously conducted, which
reveal support that individuals having economically disadvantaged
lives have higher possibilities of suffering from trauma. Bradley-
Davino & Ruglass reveal that young children from economically
disadvantaged homes or societies stand higher risks of suffering from
"toxic stress response" resulting from severe or repeated adversity due
to lack of resources for the mitigation of the stressors in their lives.
The authors associated trauma with a retarded or low cognitive,
biological, and psychological development in the child, which also
increases the young child's risks of delayed development, physical and
emotional health issues. Such study results are of great significance in
this study since they reveal the actual impacts that childhood trauma
has childhood outcomes.
Collins et al. (2010) conducted a research study that focused on
examining the impact of urban poverty and trauma on the operation of
different family systems. The authors put a special focus on aspects
such as interventions, resilience, and risks. The authors reviewed
various clinical and research literature on how trauma affects family
systems in urban poverty. The main family subsystems that were
examined in the study include one's life as a child or an adult, parent-
child relationship, adult intimate relationship, sibling, and the overall
intergenerational relationships of an individual and the entire
operation of a family. Their study had the purpose of widening
trauma-informed care evidence-based information through putting a
strong focus on trauma-related familial responses and through
developing a foundational knowledge required in designing trauma-
specific and family-centered interventions that strengthen the ability
of any given family to cope, adapt and heal from past adversely
stressful events. Collins et-al study reveals essential findings to this
research study. Among their findings includes the fact that families
undergoing urban poverty often suffer from multiple traumas
throughout their respective lives. Such families have limited
opportunities to access resources that help in successful negotiations
with various traumatic experiences. Collins et al. revealed significant
results in agreement with the results obtained by Bradley-Davino &
Ruglass. Both studies reveal that people living under economically
disadvantaged lives have increased possibilities of suffering from
trauma in their lives. More so, the study revealed that repeated
exposure to traumatic events results in chronic or severe reactions in
various members of the facility, and its impacts extend more in-depth
into the entire family system. Their research confirms that the impacts
of childhood trauma affect all levels of the family system.
Economically disadvantaged families are affected by severe chronic
issues such as repeated traumas, disorganized lifestyles, stress,
conflicted relationship, and many others. This study's results are
significant for my research since they reveal the fact that childhood
trauma affects family systems.
Halfon et-al (2017) research reveals essential facts about income
inequality and the various differential impacts associated with adverse
experiences during childhood. The authors share that adverse
childhood experiences can have severe impacts on the health and
overall development of a child. The main objective of the research
study was to examine how ACEs continue manifesting at various
income levels of an individual, and how such economic-related pattern
influences the overall health and development of a young child. The
authors used the National Survey of Children's Health to obtain the
required information. The associations between the different variables
were further examined using both the bivariate and the multivariate
analyses. Their study revealed that there is an alignment of Adverse
Childhood Experiences along the income gradient. In contrast, those
occupying the bottom gradient have high possibilities of likelihood if
experiencing such adverse experiences. However, this study also
reveals that adverse childhood experiences also occur at all income
hierarchy levels and not necessarily to those living below the
threshold poverty level. This research study reveals essential facts that
are fundamental in this research paper. Notably, the study results align
with the study results shared by other researchers such as Bradley-
Davino & Ruglass, and Collines et al that there is a strong relationship
between one's economic status and the likelihood of an individual to
suffer from trauma or repeated trauma in adulthood. People living in
underprivileged economic conditions stand higher in the possibility of
suffering from the issue than those living in better economic
situations. Therefore, this research study is of considerable
significance to this research, and its insights can provide further
support to the already existing literature on the study topic.
Mock & Arai (2011) research reveals important facts about childhood
trauma and chronic illness during one's adulthood times. The authors
use socioeconomic status and mental health as the study's explanatory
factors and buffers. The authors agree with other research studies that
experiences of traumatic events during one's childhood times are
associated with some long-term consequences on individual general
health during adulthood times. The authors used research data
obtained from the Canadian Community Health Survey to examine the
potential impact of socioeconomic status and mental health during
adulthood times as potential mediators of the relationship between
chronic illness of an individual and childhood trauma. One’s
socioeconomic status and mental health status were also tested as
potential buffers against the exceedingly adverse childhood trauma
consequences. Their study revealed that one's socioeconomic status
and mental health partially support the fact that there is an association
between childhood trauma and chronic illness during adulthood times.
The study adds to other previous results by other researchers that
support the fact that higher socioeconomic status can serve as a
potential protective factor for individuals who have a history of
trauma. Notably, the study agrees with the research results obtained by
Collins et al. (2010), which share that people with a privileged social
and economic status have increased opportunities to access resources
that help them successfully negotiate with their respective traumatic
experiences. Therefore, poor economic living conditions increased
one's risk of suffering from trauma, even during adulthood. However,
such possibilities are limited if one is living an economically stable
life.
Walsh et al. (2019) share different facts concerning the relationship
between one's adverse childhood experiences and socioeconomic
position. The authors conducted a systematic review to study the facts
of the research study topic. Walsh et-al share that adverse childhood
experiences are likely to result in higher risks or adverse outcomes in
one's adulthood times. More so, various countries are making ACEs a
policy priority. The authors based their study on databases such as
ProQuest, Medline, and many others. The study reveals meaningful
statistical associations between one's Socioeconomic position during
childhood and adverse childhood experiences. The authors assert that
lower childhood socioeconomic position is associated with increased
risks of maltreatment or adverse childhood experiences. The study
supports research shared by the different research studies used in this
research paper on the fact that there is a relationship between one's
socioeconomic status, adverse childhood experiences and one's
possibility of suffering from trauma, an emergency of trauma or the
re-occurrence of trauma in one's later life. This study reveals
important facts that can be used in this research paper.
Conclusion
Childhood Trauma is one of the main issues that have significant
impacts on Family Systems and Childhood Outcomes. Childhood
trauma is an extended topic of discussion and therefore, can be
expanded concerning socioeconomic disadvantages such as poverty,
systemic stratification racism, and many others. Childhood trauma
affects family systems through the creation of a highly vicious cycle
of historical trauma, which has adverse impacts on families for very
many generations. Childhood trauma could result in health-related
risks in an adult person's life. Over two billion people are
impoverished and survive on an income of less than $3.10 daily.
Repeated exposures to traumatic events result in chronic or severe
reactions in various members of the facility, and its impacts extend
more in-depth into the entire family system. Economically
disadvantaged families are affected by severe chronic issues such as
repeated traumas, disorganized lifestyles, stress, conflicted
relationship, and many others. People living in underprivileged
economic conditions stand higher in the possibility of suffering from
the issue than those living in better economic situations. Higher
socioeconomic status can serve as a potential protective factor for
individuals who have a history of trauma. Lower childhood
socioeconomic position is associated with increased risks of
maltreatment or adverse childhood experiences. Therefore, childhood
trauma has adverse negative impacts on family systems and childhood
Outcomes.
This study is very fundamental to families and society at large. The
impacts of childhood trauma in an individual's life are exceedingly
significant than mere problems faced during one's adulthood times.
Childhood trauma affects family systems through the creation of a
highly vicious cycle of historical trauma, which has adverse impacts
on families for very many generations. Understanding trauma and its
adverse impacts on family systems can serve as an initial step towards
breaking the cycle of historical trauma in family systems. This issue is
of sociological relevance in different ways since childhood trauma
may significantly affect adults and not manifest in the form of mere
family dysfunction or adversity. Childhood trauma could result in five
main health-related risks in an adult person's life. Among these
include obesity, depression, binge drinking, tobacco use, and
sometimes lead to self-reported sub-optimal health. Therefore, the
problem of childhood trauma significantly affects societies.
Literature Review
Bradley-Davino & Ruglass (n.d.) research reveals different facts about
issues of Trauma and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder among
economically disadvantaged populations. The study reveals that over
900 million people across different parts of the world live in extreme
poverty situations. Their study further reveals that over two billion
people are impoverished and survive on an income of less than $3.10
daily. The authors examined the impact of physical and behavioral
health on trauma for economically disadvantaged individuals. The
study reveals that economic disadvantage among different people is
associated with higher risks of repeated trauma, trauma beginning, or
experiencing trauma. More so, an economically disadvantaged
situation among populations is associated with an increased risk for
individuals suffering from trauma-related issues such as anxiety and
depression, or post-traumatic stress. This research study is in
agreement with various research studies previously conducted, which
reveal support that individuals having economically disadvantaged
lives have higher possibilities of suffering from trauma. Bradley-
Davino & Ruglass reveal that young children from economically
disadvantaged homes or societies stand higher risks of suffering from
"toxic stress response" resulting from severe or repeated adversity due
to lack of resources for the mitigation of the stressors in their lives.
The authors associated trauma with a retarded or low cognitive,
biological, and psychological development in the child, which also
increases the young child's risks of delayed development, physical and
emotional health issues. Such study results are of great significance in
this study since they reveal the actual impacts that childhood trauma
has childhood outcomes.
Collins et al. (2010) conducted a research study that focused on
examining the impact of urban poverty and trauma on the operation of
different family systems. The authors put a special focus on aspects
such as interventions, resilience, and risks. The authors reviewed
various clinical and research literature on how trauma affects family
systems in urban poverty. The main family subsystems that were
examined in the study include one's life as a child or an adult, parent-
child relationship, adult intimate relationship, sibling, and the overall
intergenerational relationships of an individual and the entire
operation of a family. Their study had the purpose of widening
trauma-informed care evidence-based information through putting a
strong focus on trauma-related familial responses and through
developing a foundational knowledge required in designing trauma-
specific and family-centered interventions that strengthen the ability
of any given family to cope, adapt and heal from past adversely
stressful events. Collins et-al study reveals essential findings to this
research study. Among their findings includes the fact that families
undergoing urban poverty often suffer from multiple traumas
throughout their respective lives. Such families have limited
opportunities to access resources that help in successful negotiations
with various traumatic experiences. Collins et al. revealed significant
results in agreement with the results obtained by Bradley-Davino &
Ruglass. Both studies reveal that people living under economically
disadvantaged lives have increased possibilities of suffering from
trauma in their lives. More so, the study revealed that repeated
exposure to traumatic events results in chronic or severe reactions in
various members of the facility, and its impacts extend more in-depth
into the entire family system. Their research confirms that the impacts
of childhood trauma affect all levels of the family system.
Economically disadvantaged families are affected by severe chronic
issues such as repeated traumas, disorganized lifestyles, stress,
conflicted relationship, and many others. This study's results are
significant for my research since they reveal the fact that childhood
trauma affects family systems.
Halfon et-al (2017) research reveals essential facts about income
inequality and the various differential impacts associated with adverse
experiences during childhood. The authors share that adverse
childhood experiences can have severe impacts on the health and
overall development of a child. The main objective of the research
study was to examine how ACEs continue manifesting at various
income levels of an individual, and how such economic-related pattern
influences the overall health and development of a young child. The
authors used the National Survey of Children's Health to obtain the
required information. The associations between the different variables
were further examined using both the bivariate and the multivariate
analyses. Their study revealed that there is an alignment of Adverse
Childhood Experiences along the income gradient. In contrast, those
occupying the bottom gradient have high possibilities of likelihood if
experiencing such adverse experiences. However, this study also
reveals that adverse childhood experiences also occur at all income
hierarchy levels and not necessarily to those living below the
threshold poverty level. This research study reveals essential facts that
are fundamental in this research paper. Notably, the study results align
with the study results shared by other researchers such as Bradley-
Davino & Ruglass, and Collines et al that there is a strong relationship
between one's economic status and the likelihood of an individual to
suffer from trauma or repeated trauma in adulthood. People living in
underprivileged economic conditions stand higher in the possibility of
suffering from the issue than those living in better economic
situations. Therefore, this research study is of considerable
significance to this research, and its insights can provide further
support to the already existing literature on the study topic.
Mock & Arai (2011) research reveals important facts about childhood
trauma and chronic illness during one's adulthood times. The authors
use socioeconomic status and mental health as the study's explanatory
factors and buffers. The authors agree with other research studies that
experiences of traumatic events during one's childhood times are
associated with some long-term consequences on individual general
health during adulthood times. The authors used research data
obtained from the Canadian Community Health Survey to examine the
potential impact of socioeconomic status and mental health during
adulthood times as potential mediators of the relationship between
chronic illness of an individual and childhood trauma. One’s
socioeconomic status and mental health status were also tested as
potential buffers against the exceedingly adverse childhood trauma
consequences. Their study revealed that one's socioeconomic status
and mental health partially support the fact that there is an association
between childhood trauma and chronic illness during adulthood times.
The study adds to other previous results by other researchers that
support the fact that higher socioeconomic status can serve as a
potential protective factor for individuals who have a history of
trauma. Notably, the study agrees with the research results obtained by
Collins et al. (2010), which share that people with a privileged social
and economic status have increased opportunities to access resources
that help them successfully negotiate with their respective traumatic
experiences. Therefore, poor economic living conditions increased
one's risk of suffering from trauma, even during adulthood. However,
such possibilities are limited if one is living an economically stable
life.
Walsh et al. (2019) share different facts concerning the relationship
between one's adverse childhood experiences and socioeconomic
position. The authors conducted a systematic review to study the facts
of the research study topic. Walsh et-al share that adverse childhood
experiences are likely to result in higher risks or adverse outcomes in
one's adulthood times. More so, various countries are making ACEs a
policy priority. The authors based their study on databases such as
ProQuest, Medline, and many others. The study reveals meaningful
statistical associations between one's Socioeconomic position during
childhood and adverse childhood experiences. The authors assert that
lower childhood socioeconomic position is associated with increased
risks of maltreatment or adverse childhood experiences. The study
supports research shared by the different research studies used in this
research paper on the fact that there is a relationship between one's
socioeconomic status, adverse childhood experiences and one's
possibility of suffering from trauma, an emergency of trauma or the
re-occurrence of trauma in one's later life. This study reveals
important facts that can be used in this research paper.
Conclusion
Childhood Trauma is one of the main issues that have significant
impacts on Family Systems and Childhood Outcomes. Childhood
trauma is an extended topic of discussion and therefore, can be
expanded concerning socioeconomic disadvantages such as poverty,
systemic stratification racism, and many others. Childhood trauma
affects family systems through the creation of a highly vicious cycle
of historical trauma, which has adverse impacts on families for very
many generations. Childhood trauma could result in health-related
risks in an adult person's life. Over two billion people are
impoverished and survive on an income of less than $3.10 daily.
Repeated exposures to traumatic events result in chronic or severe
reactions in various members of the facility, and its impacts extend
more in-depth into the entire family system. Economically
disadvantaged families are affected by severe chronic issues such as
repeated traumas, disorganized lifestyles, stress, conflicted
relationship, and many others. People living in underprivileged
economic conditions stand higher in the possibility of suffering from
the issue than those living in better economic situations. Higher
socioeconomic status can serve as a potential protective factor for
individuals who have a history of trauma. Lower childhood
socioeconomic position is associated with increased risks of
maltreatment or adverse childhood experiences. Therefore, childhood
trauma has adverse negative impacts on family systems and childhood
Outcomes.
This study is very fundamental to families and society at large. The
impacts of childhood trauma in an individual's life are exceedingly
significant than mere problems faced during one's adulthood times.
Childhood trauma affects family systems through the creation of a
highly vicious cycle of historical trauma, which has adverse impacts
on families for very many generations. Understanding trauma and its
adverse impacts on family systems can serve as an initial step towards
breaking the cycle of historical trauma in family systems. This issue is
of sociological relevance in different ways since childhood trauma
may significantly affect adults and not manifest in the form of mere
family dysfunction or adversity. Childhood trauma could result in five
main health-related risks in an adult person's life. Among these
include obesity, depression, binge drinking, tobacco use, and
sometimes lead to self-reported sub-optimal health. Therefore, the
problem of childhood trauma significantly affects societies.
Literature Review
Bradley-Davino & Ruglass (n.d.) research reveals different facts about
issues of Trauma and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder among
economically disadvantaged populations. The study reveals that over
900 million people across different parts of the world live in extreme
poverty situations. Their study further reveals that over two billion
people are impoverished and survive on an income of less than $3.10
daily. The authors examined the impact of physical and behavioral
health on trauma for economically disadvantaged individuals. The
study reveals that economic disadvantage among different people is
associated with higher risks of repeated trauma, trauma beginning, or
experiencing trauma. More so, an economically disadvantaged
situation among populations is associated with an increased risk for
individuals suffering from trauma-related issues such as anxiety and
depression, or post-traumatic stress. This research study is in
agreement with various research studies previously conducted, which
reveal support that individuals having economically disadvantaged
lives have higher possibilities of suffering from trauma. Bradley-
Davino & Ruglass reveal that young children from economically
disadvantaged homes or societies stand higher risks of suffering from
"toxic stress response" resulting from severe or repeated adversity due
to lack of resources for the mitigation of the stressors in their lives.
The authors associated trauma with a retarded or low cognitive,
biological, and psychological development in the child, which also
increases the young child's risks of delayed development, physical and
emotional health issues. Such study results are of great significance in
this study since they reveal the actual impacts that childhood trauma
has childhood outcomes.
Collins et al. (2010) conducted a research study that focused on
examining the impact of urban poverty and trauma on the operation of
different family systems. The authors put a special focus on aspects
such as interventions, resilience, and risks. The authors reviewed
various clinical and research literature on how trauma affects family
systems in urban poverty. The main family subsystems that were
examined in the study include one's life as a child or an adult, parent-
child relationship, adult intimate relationship, sibling, and the overall
intergenerational relationships of an individual and the entire
operation of a family. Their study had the purpose of widening
trauma-informed care evidence-based information through putting a
strong focus on trauma-related familial responses and through
developing a foundational knowledge required in designing trauma-
specific and family-centered interventions that strengthen the ability
of any given family to cope, adapt and heal from past adversely
stressful events. Collins et-al study reveals essential findings to this
research study. Among their findings includes the fact that families
undergoing urban poverty often suffer from multiple traumas
throughout their respective lives. Such families have limited
opportunities to access resources that help in successful negotiations
with various traumatic experiences. Collins et al. revealed significant
results in agreement with the results obtained by Bradley-Davino &
Ruglass. Both studies reveal that people living under economically
disadvantaged lives have increased possibilities of suffering from
trauma in their lives. More so, the study revealed that repeated
exposure to traumatic events results in chronic or severe reactions in
various members of the facility, and its impacts extend more in-depth
into the entire family system. Their research confirms that the impacts
of childhood trauma affect all levels of the family system.
Economically disadvantaged families are affected by severe chronic
issues such as repeated traumas, disorganized lifestyles, stress,
conflicted relationship, and many others. This study's results are
significant for my research since they reveal the fact that childhood
trauma affects family systems.
Halfon et-al (2017) research reveals essential facts about income
inequality and the various differential impacts associated with adverse
experiences during childhood. The authors share that adverse
childhood experiences can have severe impacts on the health and
overall development of a child. The main objective of the research
study was to examine how ACEs continue manifesting at various
income levels of an individual, and how such economic-related pattern
influences the overall health and development of a young child. The
authors used the National Survey of Children's Health to obtain the
required information. The associations between the different variables
were further examined using both the bivariate and the multivariate
analyses. Their study revealed that there is an alignment of Adverse
Childhood Experiences along the income gradient. In contrast, those
occupying the bottom gradient have high possibilities of likelihood if
experiencing such adverse experiences. However, this study also
reveals that adverse childhood experiences also occur at all income
hierarchy levels and not necessarily to those living below the
threshold poverty level. This research study reveals essential facts that
are fundamental in this research paper. Notably, the study results align
with the study results shared by other researchers such as Bradley-
Davino & Ruglass, and Collines et al that there is a strong relationship
between one's economic status and the likelihood of an individual to
suffer from trauma or repeated trauma in adulthood. People living in
underprivileged economic conditions stand higher in the possibility of
suffering from the issue than those living in better economic
situations. Therefore, this research study is of considerable
significance to this research, and its insights can provide further
support to the already existing literature on the study topic.
Mock & Arai (2011) research reveals important facts about childhood
trauma and chronic illness during one's adulthood times. The authors
use socioeconomic status and mental health as the study's explanatory
factors and buffers. The authors agree with other research studies that
experiences of traumatic events during one's childhood times are
associated with some long-term consequences on individual general
health during adulthood times. The authors used research data
obtained from the Canadian Community Health Survey to examine the
potential impact of socioeconomic status and mental health during
adulthood times as potential mediators of the relationship between
chronic illness of an individual and childhood trauma. One’s
socioeconomic status and mental health status were also tested as
potential buffers against the exceedingly adverse childhood trauma
consequences. Their study revealed that one's socioeconomic status
and mental health partially support the fact that there is an association
between childhood trauma and chronic illness during adulthood times.
The study adds to other previous results by other researchers that
support the fact that higher socioeconomic status can serve as a
potential protective factor for individuals who have a history of
trauma. Notably, the study agrees with the research results obtained by
Collins et al. (2010), which share that people with a privileged social
and economic status have increased opportunities to access resources
that help them successfully negotiate with their respective traumatic
experiences. Therefore, poor economic living conditions increased
one's risk of suffering from trauma, even during adulthood. However,
such possibilities are limited if one is living an economically stable
life.
Walsh et al. (2019) share different facts concerning the relationship
between one's adverse childhood experiences and socioeconomic
position. The authors conducted a systematic review to study the facts
of the research study topic. Walsh et-al share that adverse childhood
experiences are likely to result in higher risks or adverse outcomes in
one's adulthood times. More so, various countries are making ACEs a
policy priority. The authors based their study on databases such as
ProQuest, Medline, and many others. The study reveals meaningful
statistical associations between one's Socioeconomic position during
childhood and adverse childhood experiences. The authors assert that
lower childhood socioeconomic position is associated with increased
risks of maltreatment or adverse childhood experiences. The study
supports research shared by the different research studies used in this
research paper on the fact that there is a relationship between one's
socioeconomic status, adverse childhood experiences and one's
possibility of suffering from trauma, an emergency of trauma or the
re-occurrence of trauma in one's later life. This study reveals
important facts that can be used in this research paper.
Conclusion
Childhood Trauma is one of the main issues that have significant
impacts on Family Systems and Childhood Outcomes. Childhood
trauma is an extended topic of discussion and therefore, can be
expanded concerning socioeconomic disadvantages such as poverty,
systemic stratification racism, and many others. Childhood trauma
affects family systems through the creation of a highly vicious cycle
of historical trauma, which has adverse impacts on families for very
many generations. Childhood trauma could result in health-related
risks in an adult person's life. Over two billion people are
impoverished and survive on an income of less than $3.10 daily.
Repeated exposures to traumatic events result in chronic or severe
reactions in various members of the facility, and its impacts extend
more in-depth into the entire family system. Economically
disadvantaged families are affected by severe chronic issues such as
repeated traumas, disorganized lifestyles, stress, conflicted
relationship, and many others. People living in underprivileged
economic conditions stand higher in the possibility of suffering from
the issue than those living in better economic situations. Higher
socioeconomic status can serve as a potential protective factor for
individuals who have a history of trauma. Lower childhood
socioeconomic position is associated with increased risks of
maltreatment or adverse childhood experiences. Therefore, childhood
trauma has adverse negative impacts on family systems and childhood
Outcomes.
This study is very fundamental to families and society at large. The
impacts of childhood trauma in an individual's life are exceedingly
significant than mere problems faced during one's adulthood times.
Childhood trauma affects family systems through the creation of a
highly vicious cycle of historical trauma, which has adverse impacts
on families for very many generations. Understanding trauma and its
adverse impacts on family systems can serve as an initial step towards
breaking the cycle of historical trauma in family systems. This issue is
of sociological relevance in different ways since childhood trauma
may significantly affect adults and not manifest in the form of mere
family dysfunction or adversity. Childhood trauma could result in five
main health-related risks in an adult person's life. Among these
include obesity, depression, binge drinking, tobacco use, and
sometimes lead to self-reported sub-optimal health. Therefore, the
problem of childhood trauma significantly affects societies.
Literature Review
Bradley-Davino & Ruglass (n.d.) research reveals different facts about
issues of Trauma and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder among
economically disadvantaged populations. The study reveals that over
900 million people across different parts of the world live in extreme
poverty situations. Their study further reveals that over two billion
people are impoverished and survive on an income of less than $3.10
daily. The authors examined the impact of physical and behavioral
health on trauma for economically disadvantaged individuals. The
study reveals that economic disadvantage among different people is
associated with higher risks of repeated trauma, trauma beginning, or
experiencing trauma. More so, an economically disadvantaged
situation among populations is associated with an increased risk for
individuals suffering from trauma-related issues such as anxiety and
depression, or post-traumatic stress. This research study is in
agreement with various research studies previously conducted, which
reveal support that individuals having economically disadvantaged
lives have higher possibilities of suffering from trauma. Bradley-
Davino & Ruglass reveal that young children from economically
disadvantaged homes or societies stand higher risks of suffering from
"toxic stress response" resulting from severe or repeated adversity due
to lack of resources for the mitigation of the stressors in their lives.
The authors associated trauma with a retarded or low cognitive,
biological, and psychological development in the child, which also
increases the young child's risks of delayed development, physical and
emotional health issues. Such study results are of great significance in
this study since they reveal the actual impacts that childhood trauma
has childhood outcomes.
Collins et al. (2010) conducted a research study that focused on
examining the impact of urban poverty and trauma on the operation of
different family systems. The authors put a special focus on aspects
such as interventions, resilience, and risks. The authors reviewed
various clinical and research literature on how trauma affects family
systems in urban poverty. The main family subsystems that were
examined in the study include one's life as a child or an adult, parent-
child relationship, adult intimate relationship, sibling, and the overall
intergenerational relationships of an individual and the entire
operation of a family. Their study had the purpose of widening
trauma-informed care evidence-based information through putting a
strong focus on trauma-related familial responses and through
developing a foundational knowledge required in designing trauma-
specific and family-centered interventions that strengthen the ability
of any given family to cope, adapt and heal from past adversely
stressful events. Collins et-al study reveals essential findings to this
research study. Among their findings includes the fact that families
undergoing urban poverty often suffer from multiple traumas
throughout their respective lives. Such families have limited
opportunities to access resources that help in successful negotiations
with various traumatic experiences. Collins et al. revealed significant
results in agreement with the results obtained by Bradley-Davino &
Ruglass. Both studies reveal that people living under economically
disadvantaged lives have increased possibilities of suffering from
trauma in their lives. More so, the study revealed that repeated
exposure to traumatic events results in chronic or severe reactions in
various members of the facility, and its impacts extend more in-depth
into the entire family system. Their research confirms that the impacts
of childhood trauma affect all levels of the family system.
Economically disadvantaged families are affected by severe chronic
issues such as repeated traumas, disorganized lifestyles, stress,
conflicted relationship, and many others. This study's results are
significant for my research since they reveal the fact that childhood
trauma affects family systems.
Halfon et-al (2017) research reveals essential facts about income
inequality and the various differential impacts associated with adverse
experiences during childhood. The authors share that adverse
childhood experiences can have severe impacts on the health and
overall development of a child. The main objective of the research
study was to examine how ACEs continue manifesting at various
income levels of an individual, and how such economic-related pattern
influences the overall health and development of a young child. The
authors used the National Survey of Children's Health to obtain the
required information. The associations between the different variables
were further examined using both the bivariate and the multivariate
analyses. Their study revealed that there is an alignment of Adverse
Childhood Experiences along the income gradient. In contrast, those
occupying the bottom gradient have high possibilities of likelihood if
experiencing such adverse experiences. However, this study also
reveals that adverse childhood experiences also occur at all income
hierarchy levels and not necessarily to those living below the
threshold poverty level. This research study reveals essential facts that
are fundamental in this research paper. Notably, the study results align
with the study results shared by other researchers such as Bradley-
Davino & Ruglass, and Collines et al that there is a strong relationship
between one's economic status and the likelihood of an individual to
suffer from trauma or repeated trauma in adulthood. People living in
underprivileged economic conditions stand higher in the possibility of
suffering from the issue than those living in better economic
situations. Therefore, this research study is of considerable
significance to this research, and its insights can provide further
support to the already existing literature on the study topic.
Mock & Arai (2011) research reveals important facts about childhood
trauma and chronic illness during one's adulthood times. The authors
use socioeconomic status and mental health as the study's explanatory
factors and buffers. The authors agree with other research studies that
experiences of traumatic events during one's childhood times are
associated with some long-term consequences on individual general
health during adulthood times. The authors used research data
obtained from the Canadian Community Health Survey to examine the
potential impact of socioeconomic status and mental health during
adulthood times as potential mediators of the relationship between
chronic illness of an individual and childhood trauma. One’s
socioeconomic status and mental health status were also tested as
potential buffers against the exceedingly adverse childhood trauma
consequences. Their study revealed that one's socioeconomic status
and mental health partially support the fact that there is an association
between childhood trauma and chronic illness during adulthood times.
The study adds to other previous results by other researchers that
support the fact that higher socioeconomic status can serve as a
potential protective factor for individuals who have a history of
trauma. Notably, the study agrees with the research results obtained by
Collins et al. (2010), which share that people with a privileged social
and economic status have increased opportunities to access resources
that help them successfully negotiate with their respective traumatic
experiences. Therefore, poor economic living conditions increased
one's risk of suffering from trauma, even during adulthood. However,
such possibilities are limited if one is living an economically stable
life.
Walsh et al. (2019) share different facts concerning the relationship
between one's adverse childhood experiences and socioeconomic
position. The authors conducted a systematic review to study the facts
of the research study topic. Walsh et-al share that adverse childhood
experiences are likely to result in higher risks or adverse outcomes in
one's adulthood times. More so, various countries are making ACEs a
policy priority. The authors based their study on databases such as
ProQuest, Medline, and many others. The study reveals meaningful
statistical associations between one's Socioeconomic position during
childhood and adverse childhood experiences. The authors assert that
lower childhood socioeconomic position is associated with increased
risks of maltreatment or adverse childhood experiences. The study
supports research shared by the different research studies used in this
research paper on the fact that there is a relationship between one's
socioeconomic status, adverse childhood experiences and one's
possibility of suffering from trauma, an emergency of trauma or the
re-occurrence of trauma in one's later life. This study reveals
important facts that can be used in this research paper.
Conclusion
Childhood Trauma is one of the main issues that have significant
impacts on Family Systems and Childhood Outcomes. Childhood
trauma is an extended topic of discussion and therefore, can be
expanded concerning socioeconomic disadvantages such as poverty,
systemic stratification racism, and many others. Childhood trauma
affects family systems through the creation of a highly vicious cycle
of historical trauma, which has adverse impacts on families for very
many generations. Childhood trauma could result in health-related
risks in an adult person's life. Over two billion people are
impoverished and survive on an income of less than $3.10 daily.
Repeated exposures to traumatic events result in chronic or severe
reactions in various members of the facility, and its impacts extend
more in-depth into the entire family system. Economically
disadvantaged families are affected by severe chronic issues such as
repeated traumas, disorganized lifestyles, stress, conflicted
relationship, and many others. People living in underprivileged
economic conditions stand higher in the possibility of suffering from
the issue than those living in better economic situations. Higher
socioeconomic status can serve as a potential protective factor for
individuals who have a history of trauma. Lower childhood
socioeconomic position is associated with increased risks of
maltreatment or adverse childhood experiences. Therefore, childhood
trauma has adverse negative impacts on family systems and childhood
Outcomes.
This study is very fundamental to families and society at large. The
impacts of childhood trauma in an individual's life are exceedingly
significant than mere problems faced during one's adulthood times.
Childhood trauma affects family systems through the creation of a
highly vicious cycle of historical trauma, which has adverse impacts
on families for very many generations. Understanding trauma and its
adverse impacts on family systems can serve as an initial step towards
breaking the cycle of historical trauma in family systems. This issue is
of sociological relevance in different ways since childhood trauma
may significantly affect adults and not manifest in the form of mere
family dysfunction or adversity. Childhood trauma could result in five
main health-related risks in an adult person's life. Among these
include obesity, depression, binge drinking, tobacco use, and
sometimes lead to self-reported sub-optimal health. Therefore, the
problem of childhood trauma significantly affects societies.
Literature Review
Bradley-Davino & Ruglass (n.d.) research reveals different facts about
issues of Trauma and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder among
economically disadvantaged populations. The study reveals that over
900 million people across different parts of the world live in extreme
poverty situations. Their study further reveals that over two billion
people are impoverished and survive on an income of less than $3.10
daily. The authors examined the impact of physical and behavioral
health on trauma for economically disadvantaged individuals. The
study reveals that economic disadvantage among different people is
associated with higher risks of repeated trauma, trauma beginning, or
experiencing trauma. More so, an economically disadvantaged
situation among populations is associated with an increased risk for
individuals suffering from trauma-related issues such as anxiety and
depression, or post-traumatic stress. This research study is in
agreement with various research studies previously conducted, which
reveal support that individuals having economically disadvantaged
lives have higher possibilities of suffering from trauma. Bradley-
Davino & Ruglass reveal that young children from economically
disadvantaged homes or societies stand higher risks of suffering from
"toxic stress response" resulting from severe or repeated adversity due
to lack of resources for the mitigation of the stressors in their lives.
The authors associated trauma with a retarded or low cognitive,
biological, and psychological development in the child, which also
increases the young child's risks of delayed development, physical and
emotional health issues. Such study results are of great significance in
this study since they reveal the actual impacts that childhood trauma
has childhood outcomes.
Collins et al. (2010) conducted a research study that focused on
examining the impact of urban poverty and trauma on the operation of
different family systems. The authors put a special focus on aspects
such as interventions, resilience, and risks. The authors reviewed
various clinical and research literature on how trauma affects family
systems in urban poverty. The main family subsystems that were
examined in the study include one's life as a child or an adult, parent-
child relationship, adult intimate relationship, sibling, and the overall
intergenerational relationships of an individual and the entire
operation of a family. Their study had the purpose of widening
trauma-informed care evidence-based information through putting a
strong focus on trauma-related familial responses and through
developing a foundational knowledge required in designing trauma-
specific and family-centered interventions that strengthen the ability
of any given family to cope, adapt and heal from past adversely
stressful events. Collins et-al study reveals essential findings to this
research study. Among their findings includes the fact that families
undergoing urban poverty often suffer from multiple traumas
throughout their respective lives. Such families have limited
opportunities to access resources that help in successful negotiations
with various traumatic experiences. Collins et al. revealed significant
results in agreement with the results obtained by Bradley-Davino &
Ruglass. Both studies reveal that people living under economically
disadvantaged lives have increased possibilities of suffering from
trauma in their lives. More so, the study revealed that repeated
exposure to traumatic events results in chronic or severe reactions in
various members of the facility, and its impacts extend more in-depth
into the entire family system. Their research confirms that the impacts
of childhood trauma affect all levels of the family system.
Economically disadvantaged families are affected by severe chronic
issues such as repeated traumas, disorganized lifestyles, stress,
conflicted relationship, and many others. This study's results are
significant for my research since they reveal the fact that childhood
trauma affects family systems.
Halfon et-al (2017) research reveals essential facts about income
inequality and the various differential impacts associated with adverse
experiences during childhood. The authors share that adverse
childhood experiences can have severe impacts on the health and
overall development of a child. The main objective of the research
study was to examine how ACEs continue manifesting at various
income levels of an individual, and how such economic-related pattern
influences the overall health and development of a young child. The
authors used the National Survey of Children's Health to obtain the
required information. The associations between the different variables
were further examined using both the bivariate and the multivariate
analyses. Their study revealed that there is an alignment of Adverse
Childhood Experiences along the income gradient. In contrast, those
occupying the bottom gradient have high possibilities of likelihood if
experiencing such adverse experiences. However, this study also
reveals that adverse childhood experiences also occur at all income
hierarchy levels and not necessarily to those living below the
threshold poverty level. This research study reveals essential facts that
are fundamental in this research paper. Notably, the study results align
with the study results shared by other researchers such as Bradley-
Davino & Ruglass, and Collines et al that there is a strong relationship
between one's economic status and the likelihood of an individual to
suffer from trauma or repeated trauma in adulthood. People living in
underprivileged economic conditions stand higher in the possibility of
suffering from the issue than those living in better economic
situations. Therefore, this research study is of considerable
significance to this research, and its insights can provide further
support to the already existing literature on the study topic.
Mock & Arai (2011) research reveals important facts about childhood
trauma and chronic illness during one's adulthood times. The authors
use socioeconomic status and mental health as the study's explanatory
factors and buffers. The authors agree with other research studies that
experiences of traumatic events during one's childhood times are
associated with some long-term consequences on individual general
health during adulthood times. The authors used research data
obtained from the Canadian Community Health Survey to examine the
potential impact of socioeconomic status and mental health during
adulthood times as potential mediators of the relationship between
chronic illness of an individual and childhood trauma. One’s
socioeconomic status and mental health status were also tested as
potential buffers against the exceedingly adverse childhood trauma
consequences. Their study revealed that one's socioeconomic status
and mental health partially support the fact that there is an association
between childhood trauma and chronic illness during adulthood times.
The study adds to other previous results by other researchers that
support the fact that higher socioeconomic status can serve as a
potential protective factor for individuals who have a history of
trauma. Notably, the study agrees with the research results obtained by
Collins et al. (2010), which share that people with a privileged social
and economic status have increased opportunities to access resources
that help them successfully negotiate with their respective traumatic
experiences. Therefore, poor economic living conditions increased
one's risk of suffering from trauma, even during adulthood. However,
such possibilities are limited if one is living an economically stable
life.
Walsh et al. (2019) share different facts concerning the relationship
between one's adverse childhood experiences and socioeconomic
position. The authors conducted a systematic review to study the facts
of the research study topic. Walsh et-al share that adverse childhood
experiences are likely to result in higher risks or adverse outcomes in
one's adulthood times. More so, various countries are making ACEs a
policy priority. The authors based their study on databases such as
ProQuest, Medline, and many others. The study reveals meaningful
statistical associations between one's Socioeconomic position during
childhood and adverse childhood experiences. The authors assert that
lower childhood socioeconomic position is associated with increased
risks of maltreatment or adverse childhood experiences. The study
supports research shared by the different research studies used in this
research paper on the fact that there is a relationship between one's
socioeconomic status, adverse childhood experiences and one's
possibility of suffering from trauma, an emergency of trauma or the
re-occurrence of trauma in one's later life. This study reveals
important facts that can be used in this research paper.
Conclusion
Childhood Trauma is one of the main issues that have significant
impacts on Family Systems and Childhood Outcomes. Childhood
trauma is an extended topic of discussion and therefore, can be
expanded concerning socioeconomic disadvantages such as poverty,
systemic stratification racism, and many others. Childhood trauma
affects family systems through the creation of a highly vicious cycle
of historical trauma, which has adverse impacts on families for very
many generations. Childhood trauma could result in health-related
risks in an adult person's life. Over two billion people are
impoverished and survive on an income of less than $3.10 daily.
Repeated exposures to traumatic events result in chronic or severe
reactions in various members of the facility, and its impacts extend
more in-depth into the entire family system. Economically
disadvantaged families are affected by severe chronic issues such as
repeated traumas, disorganized lifestyles, stress, conflicted
relationship, and many others. People living in underprivileged
economic conditions stand higher in the possibility of suffering from
the issue than those living in better economic situations. Higher
socioeconomic status can serve as a potential protective factor for
individuals who have a history of trauma. Lower childhood
socioeconomic position is associated with increased risks of
maltreatment or adverse childhood experiences. Therefore, childhood
trauma has adverse negative impacts on family systems and childhood
Outcomes.
This study is very fundamental to families and society at large. The
impacts of childhood trauma in an individual's life are exceedingly
significant than mere problems faced during one's adulthood times.
Childhood trauma affects family systems through the creation of a
highly vicious cycle of historical trauma, which has adverse impacts
on families for very many generations. Understanding trauma and its
adverse impacts on family systems can serve as an initial step towards
breaking the cycle of historical trauma in family systems. This issue is
of sociological relevance in different ways since childhood trauma
may significantly affect adults and not manifest in the form of mere
family dysfunction or adversity. Childhood trauma could result in five
main health-related risks in an adult person's life. Among these
include obesity, depression, binge drinking, tobacco use, and
sometimes lead to self-reported sub-optimal health. Therefore, the
problem of childhood trauma significantly affects societies.
Literature Review
Bradley-Davino & Ruglass (n.d.) research reveals different facts about
issues of Trauma and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder among
economically disadvantaged populations. The study reveals that over
900 million people across different parts of the world live in extreme
poverty situations. Their study further reveals that over two billion
people are impoverished and survive on an income of less than $3.10
daily. The authors examined the impact of physical and behavioral
health on trauma for economically disadvantaged individuals. The
study reveals that economic disadvantage among different people is
associated with higher risks of repeated trauma, trauma beginning, or
experiencing trauma. More so, an economically disadvantaged
situation among populations is associated with an increased risk for
individuals suffering from trauma-related issues such as anxiety and
depression, or post-traumatic stress. This research study is in
agreement with various research studies previously conducted, which
reveal support that individuals having economically disadvantaged
lives have higher possibilities of suffering from trauma. Bradley-
Davino & Ruglass reveal that young children from economically
disadvantaged homes or societies stand higher risks of suffering from
"toxic stress response" resulting from severe or repeated adversity due
to lack of resources for the mitigation of the stressors in their lives.
The authors associated trauma with a retarded or low cognitive,
biological, and psychological development in the child, which also
increases the young child's risks of delayed development, physical and
emotional health issues. Such study results are of great significance in
this study since they reveal the actual impacts that childhood trauma
has childhood outcomes.
Collins et al. (2010) conducted a research study that focused on
examining the impact of urban poverty and trauma on the operation of
different family systems. The authors put a special focus on aspects
such as interventions, resilience, and risks. The authors reviewed
various clinical and research literature on how trauma affects family
systems in urban poverty. The main family subsystems that were
examined in the study include one's life as a child or an adult, parent-
child relationship, adult intimate relationship, sibling, and the overall
intergenerational relationships of an individual and the entire
operation of a family. Their study had the purpose of widening
trauma-informed care evidence-based information through putting a
strong focus on trauma-related familial responses and through
developing a foundational knowledge required in designing trauma-
specific and family-centered interventions that strengthen the ability
of any given family to cope, adapt and heal from past adversely
stressful events. Collins et-al study reveals essential findings to this
research study. Among their findings includes the fact that families
undergoing urban poverty often suffer from multiple traumas
throughout their respective lives. Such families have limited
opportunities to access resources that help in successful negotiations
with various traumatic experiences. Collins et al. revealed significant
results in agreement with the results obtained by Bradley-Davino &
Ruglass. Both studies reveal that people living under economically
disadvantaged lives have increased possibilities of suffering from
trauma in their lives. More so, the study revealed that repeated
exposure to traumatic events results in chronic or severe reactions in
various members of the facility, and its impacts extend more in-depth
into the entire family system. Their research confirms that the impacts
of childhood trauma affect all levels of the family system.
Economically disadvantaged families are affected by severe chronic
issues such as repeated traumas, disorganized lifestyles, stress,
conflicted relationship, and many others. This study's results are
significant for my research since they reveal the fact that childhood
trauma affects family systems.
Halfon et-al (2017) research reveals essential facts about income
inequality and the various differential impacts associated with adverse
experiences during childhood. The authors share that adverse
childhood experiences can have severe impacts on the health and
overall development of a child. The main objective of the research
study was to examine how ACEs continue manifesting at various
income levels of an individual, and how such economic-related pattern
influences the overall health and development of a young child. The
authors used the National Survey of Children's Health to obtain the
required information. The associations between the different variables
were further examined using both the bivariate and the multivariate
analyses. Their study revealed that there is an alignment of Adverse
Childhood Experiences along the income gradient. In contrast, those
occupying the bottom gradient have high possibilities of likelihood if
experiencing such adverse experiences. However, this study also
reveals that adverse childhood experiences also occur at all income
hierarchy levels and not necessarily to those living below the
threshold poverty level. This research study reveals essential facts that
are fundamental in this research paper. Notably, the study results align
with the study results shared by other researchers such as Bradley-
Davino & Ruglass, and Collines et al that there is a strong relationship
between one's economic status and the likelihood of an individual to
suffer from trauma or repeated trauma in adulthood. People living in
underprivileged economic conditions stand higher in the possibility of
suffering from the issue than those living in better economic
situations. Therefore, this research study is of considerable
significance to this research, and its insights can provide further
support to the already existing literature on the study topic.
Mock & Arai (2011) research reveals important facts about childhood
trauma and chronic illness during one's adulthood times. The authors
use socioeconomic status and mental health as the study's explanatory
factors and buffers. The authors agree with other research studies that
experiences of traumatic events during one's childhood times are
associated with some long-term consequences on individual general
health during adulthood times. The authors used research data
obtained from the Canadian Community Health Survey to examine the
potential impact of socioeconomic status and mental health during
adulthood times as potential mediators of the relationship between
chronic illness of an individual and childhood trauma. One’s
socioeconomic status and mental health status were also tested as
potential buffers against the exceedingly adverse childhood trauma
consequences. Their study revealed that one's socioeconomic status
and mental health partially support the fact that there is an association
between childhood trauma and chronic illness during adulthood times.
The study adds to other previous results by other researchers that
support the fact that higher socioeconomic status can serve as a
potential protective factor for individuals who have a history of
trauma. Notably, the study agrees with the research results obtained by
Collins et al. (2010), which share that people with a privileged social
and economic status have increased opportunities to access resources
that help them successfully negotiate with their respective traumatic
experiences. Therefore, poor economic living conditions increased
one's risk of suffering from trauma, even during adulthood. However,
such possibilities are limited if one is living an economically stable
life.
Walsh et al. (2019) share different facts concerning the relationship
between one's adverse childhood experiences and socioeconomic
position. The authors conducted a systematic review to study the facts
of the research study topic. Walsh et-al share that adverse childhood
experiences are likely to result in higher risks or adverse outcomes in
one's adulthood times. More so, various countries are making ACEs a
policy priority. The authors based their study on databases such as
ProQuest, Medline, and many others. The study reveals meaningful
statistical associations between one's Socioeconomic position during
childhood and adverse childhood experiences. The authors assert that
lower childhood socioeconomic position is associated with increased
risks of maltreatment or adverse childhood experiences. The study
supports research shared by the different research studies used in this
research paper on the fact that there is a relationship between one's
socioeconomic status, adverse childhood experiences and one's
possibility of suffering from trauma, an emergency of trauma or the
re-occurrence of trauma in one's later life. This study reveals
important facts that can be used in this research paper.
Conclusion
Childhood Trauma is one of the main issues that have significant
impacts on Family Systems and Childhood Outcomes. Childhood
trauma is an extended topic of discussion and therefore, can be
expanded concerning socioeconomic disadvantages such as poverty,
systemic stratification racism, and many others. Childhood trauma
affects family systems through the creation of a highly vicious cycle
of historical trauma, which has adverse impacts on families for very
many generations. Childhood trauma could result in health-related
risks in an adult person's life. Over two billion people are
impoverished and survive on an income of less than $3.10 daily.
Repeated exposures to traumatic events result in chronic or severe
reactions in various members of the facility, and its impacts extend
more in-depth into the entire family system. Economically
disadvantaged families are affected by severe chronic issues such as
repeated traumas, disorganized lifestyles, stress, conflicted
relationship, and many others. People living in underprivileged
economic conditions stand higher in the possibility of suffering from
the issue than those living in better economic situations. Higher
socioeconomic status can serve as a potential protective factor for
individuals who have a history of trauma. Lower childhood
socioeconomic position is associated with increased risks of
maltreatment or adverse childhood experiences. Therefore, childhood
trauma has adverse negative impacts on family systems and childhood
Outcomes.
This study is very fundamental to families and society at large. The
impacts of childhood trauma in an individual's life are exceedingly
significant than mere problems faced during one's adulthood times.
Childhood trauma affects family systems through the creation of a
highly vicious cycle of historical trauma, which has adverse impacts
on families for very many generations. Understanding trauma and its
adverse impacts on family systems can serve as an initial step towards
breaking the cycle of historical trauma in family systems. This issue is
of sociological relevance in different ways since childhood trauma
may significantly affect adults and not manifest in the form of mere
family dysfunction or adversity. Childhood trauma could result in five
main health-related risks in an adult person's life. Among these
include obesity, depression, binge drinking, tobacco use, and
sometimes lead to self-reported sub-optimal health. Therefore, the
problem of childhood trauma significantly affects societies.
Literature Review
Bradley-Davino & Ruglass (n.d.) research reveals different facts about
issues of Trauma and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder among
economically disadvantaged populations. The study reveals that over
900 million people across different parts of the world live in extreme
poverty situations. Their study further reveals that over two billion
people are impoverished and survive on an income of less than $3.10
daily. The authors examined the impact of physical and behavioral
health on trauma for economically disadvantaged individuals. The
study reveals that economic disadvantage among different people is
associated with higher risks of repeated trauma, trauma beginning, or
experiencing trauma. More so, an economically disadvantaged
situation among populations is associated with an increased risk for
individuals suffering from trauma-related issues such as anxiety and
depression, or post-traumatic stress. This research study is in
agreement with various research studies previously conducted, which
reveal support that individuals having economically disadvantaged
lives have higher possibilities of suffering from trauma. Bradley-
Davino & Ruglass reveal that young children from economically
disadvantaged homes or societies stand higher risks of suffering from
"toxic stress response" resulting from severe or repeated adversity due
to lack of resources for the mitigation of the stressors in their lives.
The authors associated trauma with a retarded or low cognitive,
biological, and psychological development in the child, which also
increases the young child's risks of delayed development, physical and
emotional health issues. Such study results are of great significance in
this study since they reveal the actual impacts that childhood trauma
has childhood outcomes.
Collins et al. (2010) conducted a research study that focused on
examining the impact of urban poverty and trauma on the operation of
different family systems. The authors put a special focus on aspects
such as interventions, resilience, and risks. The authors reviewed
various clinical and research literature on how trauma affects family
systems in urban poverty. The main family subsystems that were
examined in the study include one's life as a child or an adult, parent-
child relationship, adult intimate relationship, sibling, and the overall
intergenerational relationships of an individual and the entire
operation of a family. Their study had the purpose of widening
trauma-informed care evidence-based information through putting a
strong focus on trauma-related familial responses and through
developing a foundational knowledge required in designing trauma-
specific and family-centered interventions that strengthen the ability
of any given family to cope, adapt and heal from past adversely
stressful events. Collins et-al study reveals essential findings to this
research study. Among their findings includes the fact that families
undergoing urban poverty often suffer from multiple traumas
throughout their respective lives. Such families have limited
opportunities to access resources that help in successful negotiations
with various traumatic experiences. Collins et al. revealed significant
results in agreement with the results obtained by Bradley-Davino &
Ruglass. Both studies reveal that people living under economically
disadvantaged lives have increased possibilities of suffering from
trauma in their lives. More so, the study revealed that repeated
exposure to traumatic events results in chronic or severe reactions in
various members of the facility, and its impacts extend more in-depth
into the entire family system. Their research confirms that the impacts
of childhood trauma affect all levels of the family system.
Economically disadvantaged families are affected by severe chronic
issues such as repeated traumas, disorganized lifestyles, stress,
conflicted relationship, and many others. This study's results are
significant for my research since they reveal the fact that childhood
trauma affects family systems.
Halfon et-al (2017) research reveals essential facts about income
inequality and the various differential impacts associated with adverse
experiences during childhood. The authors share that adverse
childhood experiences can have severe impacts on the health and
overall development of a child. The main objective of the research
study was to examine how ACEs continue manifesting at various
income levels of an individual, and how such economic-related pattern
influences the overall health and development of a young child. The
authors used the National Survey of Children's Health to obtain the
required information. The associations between the different variables
were further examined using both the bivariate and the multivariate
analyses. Their study revealed that there is an alignment of Adverse
Childhood Experiences along the income gradient. In contrast, those
occupying the bottom gradient have high possibilities of likelihood if
experiencing such adverse experiences. However, this study also
reveals that adverse childhood experiences also occur at all income
hierarchy levels and not necessarily to those living below the
threshold poverty level. This research study reveals essential facts that
are fundamental in this research paper. Notably, the study results align
with the study results shared by other researchers such as Bradley-
Davino & Ruglass, and Collines et al that there is a strong relationship
between one's economic status and the likelihood of an individual to
suffer from trauma or repeated trauma in adulthood. People living in
underprivileged economic conditions stand higher in the possibility of
suffering from the issue than those living in better economic
situations. Therefore, this research study is of considerable
significance to this research, and its insights can provide further
support to the already existing literature on the study topic.
Mock & Arai (2011) research reveals important facts about childhood
trauma and chronic illness during one's adulthood times. The authors
use socioeconomic status and mental health as the study's explanatory
factors and buffers. The authors agree with other research studies that
experiences of traumatic events during one's childhood times are
associated with some long-term consequences on individual general
health during adulthood times. The authors used research data
obtained from the Canadian Community Health Survey to examine the
potential impact of socioeconomic status and mental health during
adulthood times as potential mediators of the relationship between
chronic illness of an individual and childhood trauma. One’s
socioeconomic status and mental health status were also tested as
potential buffers against the exceedingly adverse childhood trauma
consequences. Their study revealed that one's socioeconomic status
and mental health partially support the fact that there is an association
between childhood trauma and chronic illness during adulthood times.
The study adds to other previous results by other researchers that
support the fact that higher socioeconomic status can serve as a
potential protective factor for individuals who have a history of
trauma. Notably, the study agrees with the research results obtained by
Collins et al. (2010), which share that people with a privileged social
and economic status have increased opportunities to access resources
that help them successfully negotiate with their respective traumatic
experiences. Therefore, poor economic living conditions increased
one's risk of suffering from trauma, even during adulthood. However,
such possibilities are limited if one is living an economically stable
life.
Walsh et al. (2019) share different facts concerning the relationship
between one's adverse childhood experiences and socioeconomic
position. The authors conducted a systematic review to study the facts
of the research study topic. Walsh et-al share that adverse childhood
experiences are likely to result in higher risks or adverse outcomes in
one's adulthood times. More so, various countries are making ACEs a
policy priority. The authors based their study on databases such as
ProQuest, Medline, and many others. The study reveals meaningful
statistical associations between one's Socioeconomic position during
childhood and adverse childhood experiences. The authors assert that
lower childhood socioeconomic position is associated with increased
risks of maltreatment or adverse childhood experiences. The study
supports research shared by the different research studies used in this
research paper on the fact that there is a relationship between one's
socioeconomic status, adverse childhood experiences and one's
possibility of suffering from trauma, an emergency of trauma or the
re-occurrence of trauma in one's later life. This study reveals
important facts that can be used in this research paper.
Conclusion
Childhood Trauma is one of the main issues that have significant
impacts on Family Systems and Childhood Outcomes. Childhood
trauma is an extended topic of discussion and therefore, can be
expanded concerning socioeconomic disadvantages such as poverty,
systemic stratification racism, and many others. Childhood trauma
affects family systems through the creation of a highly vicious cycle
of historical trauma, which has adverse impacts on families for very
many generations. Childhood trauma could result in health-related
risks in an adult person's life. Over two billion people are
impoverished and survive on an income of less than $3.10 daily.
Repeated exposures to traumatic events result in chronic or severe
reactions in various members of the facility, and its impacts extend
more in-depth into the entire family system. Economically
disadvantaged families are affected by severe chronic issues such as
repeated traumas, disorganized lifestyles, stress, conflicted
relationship, and many others. People living in underprivileged
economic conditions stand higher in the possibility of suffering from
the issue than those living in better economic situations. Higher
socioeconomic status can serve as a potential protective factor for
individuals who have a history of trauma. Lower childhood
socioeconomic position is associated with increased risks of
maltreatment or adverse childhood experiences. Therefore, childhood
trauma has adverse negative impacts on family systems and childhood
Outcomes.
This study is very fundamental to families and society at large. The
impacts of childhood trauma in an individual's life are exceedingly
significant than mere problems faced during one's adulthood times.
Childhood trauma affects family systems through the creation of a
highly vicious cycle of historical trauma, which has adverse impacts
on families for very many generations. Understanding trauma and its
adverse impacts on family systems can serve as an initial step towards
breaking the cycle of historical trauma in family systems. This issue is
of sociological relevance in different ways since childhood trauma
may significantly affect adults and not manifest in the form of mere
family dysfunction or adversity. Childhood trauma could result in five
main health-related risks in an adult person's life. Among these
include obesity, depression, binge drinking, tobacco use, and
sometimes lead to self-reported sub-optimal health. Therefore, the
problem of childhood trauma significantly affects societies.
Literature Review
Bradley-Davino & Ruglass (n.d.) research reveals different facts about
issues of Trauma and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder among
economically disadvantaged populations. The study reveals that over
900 million people across different parts of the world live in extreme
poverty situations. Their study further reveals that over two billion
people are impoverished and survive on an income of less than $3.10
daily. The authors examined the impact of physical and behavioral
health on trauma for economically disadvantaged individuals. The
study reveals that economic disadvantage among different people is
associated with higher risks of repeated trauma, trauma beginning, or
experiencing trauma. More so, an economically disadvantaged
situation among populations is associated with an increased risk for
individuals suffering from trauma-related issues such as anxiety and
depression, or post-traumatic stress. This research study is in
agreement with various research studies previously conducted, which
reveal support that individuals having economically disadvantaged
lives have higher possibilities of suffering from trauma. Bradley-
Davino & Ruglass reveal that young children from economically
disadvantaged homes or societies stand higher risks of suffering from
"toxic stress response" resulting from severe or repeated adversity due
to lack of resources for the mitigation of the stressors in their lives.
The authors associated trauma with a retarded or low cognitive,
biological, and psychological development in the child, which also
increases the young child's risks of delayed development, physical and
emotional health issues. Such study results are of great significance in
this study since they reveal the actual impacts that childhood trauma
has childhood outcomes.
Collins et al. (2010) conducted a research study that focused on
examining the impact of urban poverty and trauma on the operation of
different family systems. The authors put a special focus on aspects
such as interventions, resilience, and risks. The authors reviewed
various clinical and research literature on how trauma affects family
systems in urban poverty. The main family subsystems that were
examined in the study include one's life as a child or an adult, parent-
child relationship, adult intimate relationship, sibling, and the overall
intergenerational relationships of an individual and the entire
operation of a family. Their study had the purpose of widening
trauma-informed care evidence-based information through putting a
strong focus on trauma-related familial responses and through
developing a foundational knowledge required in designing trauma-
specific and family-centered interventions that strengthen the ability
of any given family to cope, adapt and heal from past adversely
stressful events. Collins et-al study reveals essential findings to this
research study. Among their findings includes the fact that families
undergoing urban poverty often suffer from multiple traumas
throughout their respective lives. Such families have limited
opportunities to access resources that help in successful negotiations
with various traumatic experiences. Collins et al. revealed significant
results in agreement with the results obtained by Bradley-Davino &
Ruglass. Both studies reveal that people living under economically
disadvantaged lives have increased possibilities of suffering from
trauma in their lives. More so, the study revealed that repeated
exposure to traumatic events results in chronic or severe reactions in
various members of the facility, and its impacts extend more in-depth
into the entire family system. Their research confirms that the impacts
of childhood trauma affect all levels of the family system.
Economically disadvantaged families are affected by severe chronic
issues such as repeated traumas, disorganized lifestyles, stress,
conflicted relationship, and many others. This study's results are
significant for my research since they reveal the fact that childhood
trauma affects family systems.
Halfon et-al (2017) research reveals essential facts about income
inequality and the various differential impacts associated with adverse
experiences during childhood. The authors share that adverse
childhood experiences can have severe impacts on the health and
overall development of a child. The main objective of the research
study was to examine how ACEs continue manifesting at various
income levels of an individual, and how such economic-related pattern
influences the overall health and development of a young child. The
authors used the National Survey of Children's Health to obtain the
required information. The associations between the different variables
were further examined using both the bivariate and the multivariate
analyses. Their study revealed that there is an alignment of Adverse
Childhood Experiences along the income gradient. In contrast, those
occupying the bottom gradient have high possibilities of likelihood if
experiencing such adverse experiences. However, this study also
reveals that adverse childhood experiences also occur at all income
hierarchy levels and not necessarily to those living below the
threshold poverty level. This research study reveals essential facts that
are fundamental in this research paper. Notably, the study results align
with the study results shared by other researchers such as Bradley-
Davino & Ruglass, and Collines et al that there is a strong relationship
between one's economic status and the likelihood of an individual to
suffer from trauma or repeated trauma in adulthood. People living in
underprivileged economic conditions stand higher in the possibility of
suffering from the issue than those living in better economic
situations. Therefore, this research study is of considerable
significance to this research, and its insights can provide further
support to the already existing literature on the study topic.
Mock & Arai (2011) research reveals important facts about childhood
trauma and chronic illness during one's adulthood times. The authors
use socioeconomic status and mental health as the study's explanatory
factors and buffers. The authors agree with other research studies that
experiences of traumatic events during one's childhood times are
associated with some long-term consequences on individual general
health during adulthood times. The authors used research data
obtained from the Canadian Community Health Survey to examine the
potential impact of socioeconomic status and mental health during
adulthood times as potential mediators of the relationship between
chronic illness of an individual and childhood trauma. One’s
socioeconomic status and mental health status were also tested as
potential buffers against the exceedingly adverse childhood trauma
consequences. Their study revealed that one's socioeconomic status
and mental health partially support the fact that there is an association
between childhood trauma and chronic illness during adulthood times.
The study adds to other previous results by other researchers that
support the fact that higher socioeconomic status can serve as a
potential protective factor for individuals who have a history of
trauma. Notably, the study agrees with the research results obtained by
Collins et al. (2010), which share that people with a privileged social
and economic status have increased opportunities to access resources
that help them successfully negotiate with their respective traumatic
experiences. Therefore, poor economic living conditions increased
one's risk of suffering from trauma, even during adulthood. However,
such possibilities are limited if one is living an economically stable
life.
Walsh et al. (2019) share different facts concerning the relationship
between one's adverse childhood experiences and socioeconomic
position. The authors conducted a systematic review to study the facts
of the research study topic. Walsh et-al share that adverse childhood
experiences are likely to result in higher risks or adverse outcomes in
one's adulthood times. More so, various countries are making ACEs a
policy priority. The authors based their study on databases such as
ProQuest, Medline, and many others. The study reveals meaningful
statistical associations between one's Socioeconomic position during
childhood and adverse childhood experiences. The authors assert that
lower childhood socioeconomic position is associated with increased
risks of maltreatment or adverse childhood experiences. The study
supports research shared by the different research studies used in this
research paper on the fact that there is a relationship between one's
socioeconomic status, adverse childhood experiences and one's
possibility of suffering from trauma, an emergency of trauma or the
re-occurrence of trauma in one's later life. This study reveals
important facts that can be used in this research paper.
Conclusion
Childhood Trauma is one of the main issues that have significant
impacts on Family Systems and Childhood Outcomes. Childhood
trauma is an extended topic of discussion and therefore, can be
expanded concerning socioeconomic disadvantages such as poverty,
systemic stratification racism, and many others. Childhood trauma
affects family systems through the creation of a highly vicious cycle
of historical trauma, which has adverse impacts on families for very
many generations. Childhood trauma could result in health-related
risks in an adult person's life. Over two billion people are
impoverished and survive on an income of less than $3.10 daily.
Repeated exposures to traumatic events result in chronic or severe
reactions in various members of the facility, and its impacts extend
more in-depth into the entire family system. Economically
disadvantaged families are affected by severe chronic issues such as
repeated traumas, disorganized lifestyles, stress, conflicted
relationship, and many others. People living in underprivileged
economic conditions stand higher in the possibility of suffering from
the issue than those living in better economic situations. Higher
socioeconomic status can serve as a potential protective factor for
individuals who have a history of trauma. Lower childhood
socioeconomic position is associated with increased risks of
maltreatment or adverse childhood experiences. Therefore, childhood
trauma has adverse negative impacts on family systems and childhood
Outcomes.
This study is very fundamental to families and society at large. The
impacts of childhood trauma in an individual's life are exceedingly
significant than mere problems faced during one's adulthood times.
Childhood trauma affects family systems through the creation of a
highly vicious cycle of historical trauma, which has adverse impacts
on families for very many generations. Understanding trauma and its
adverse impacts on family systems can serve as an initial step towards
breaking the cycle of historical trauma in family systems. This issue is
of sociological relevance in different ways since childhood trauma
may significantly affect adults and not manifest in the form of mere
family dysfunction or adversity. Childhood trauma could result in five
main health-related risks in an adult person's life. Among these
include obesity, depression, binge drinking, tobacco use, and
sometimes lead to self-reported sub-optimal health. Therefore, the
problem of childhood trauma significantly affects societies.
Literature Review
Bradley-Davino & Ruglass (n.d.) research reveals different facts about
issues of Trauma and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder among
economically disadvantaged populations. The study reveals that over
900 million people across different parts of the world live in extreme
poverty situations. Their study further reveals that over two billion
people are impoverished and survive on an income of less than $3.10
daily. The authors examined the impact of physical and behavioral
health on trauma for economically disadvantaged individuals. The
study reveals that economic disadvantage among different people is
associated with higher risks of repeated trauma, trauma beginning, or
experiencing trauma. More so, an economically disadvantaged
situation among populations is associated with an increased risk for
individuals suffering from trauma-related issues such as anxiety and
depression, or post-traumatic stress. This research study is in
agreement with various research studies previously conducted, which
reveal support that individuals having economically disadvantaged
lives have higher possibilities of suffering from trauma. Bradley-
Davino & Ruglass reveal that young children from economically
disadvantaged homes or societies stand higher risks of suffering from
"toxic stress response" resulting from severe or repeated adversity due
to lack of resources for the mitigation of the stressors in their lives.
The authors associated trauma with a retarded or low cognitive,
biological, and psychological development in the child, which also
increases the young child's risks of delayed development, physical and
emotional health issues. Such study results are of great significance in
this study since they reveal the actual impacts that childhood trauma
has childhood outcomes.
Collins et al. (2010) conducted a research study that focused on
examining the impact of urban poverty and trauma on the operation of
different family systems. The authors put a special focus on aspects
such as interventions, resilience, and risks. The authors reviewed
various clinical and research literature on how trauma affects family
systems in urban poverty. The main family subsystems that were
examined in the study include one's life as a child or an adult, parent-
child relationship, adult intimate relationship, sibling, and the overall
intergenerational relationships of an individual and the entire
operation of a family. Their study had the purpose of widening
trauma-informed care evidence-based information through putting a
strong focus on trauma-related familial responses and through
developing a foundational knowledge required in designing trauma-
specific and family-centered interventions that strengthen the ability
of any given family to cope, adapt and heal from past adversely
stressful events. Collins et-al study reveals essential findings to this
research study. Among their findings includes the fact that families
undergoing urban poverty often suffer from multiple traumas
throughout their respective lives. Such families have limited
opportunities to access resources that help in successful negotiations
with various traumatic experiences. Collins et al. revealed significant
results in agreement with the results obtained by Bradley-Davino &
Ruglass. Both studies reveal that people living under economically
disadvantaged lives have increased possibilities of suffering from
trauma in their lives. More so, the study revealed that repeated
exposure to traumatic events results in chronic or severe reactions in
various members of the facility, and its impacts extend more in-depth
into the entire family system. Their research confirms that the impacts
of childhood trauma affect all levels of the family system.
Economically disadvantaged families are affected by severe chronic
issues such as repeated traumas, disorganized lifestyles, stress,
conflicted relationship, and many others. This study's results are
significant for my research since they reveal the fact that childhood
trauma affects family systems.
Halfon et-al (2017) research reveals essential facts about income
inequality and the various differential impacts associated with adverse
experiences during childhood. The authors share that adverse
childhood experiences can have severe impacts on the health and
overall development of a child. The main objective of the research
study was to examine how ACEs continue manifesting at various
income levels of an individual, and how such economic-related pattern
influences the overall health and development of a young child. The
authors used the National Survey of Children's Health to obtain the
required information. The associations between the different variables
were further examined using both the bivariate and the multivariate
analyses. Their study revealed that there is an alignment of Adverse
Childhood Experiences along the income gradient. In contrast, those
occupying the bottom gradient have high possibilities of likelihood if
experiencing such adverse experiences. However, this study also
reveals that adverse childhood experiences also occur at all income
hierarchy levels and not necessarily to those living below the
threshold poverty level. This research study reveals essential facts that
are fundamental in this research paper. Notably, the study results align
with the study results shared by other researchers such as Bradley-
Davino & Ruglass, and Collines et al that there is a strong relationship
between one's economic status and the likelihood of an individual to
suffer from trauma or repeated trauma in adulthood. People living in
underprivileged economic conditions stand higher in the possibility of
suffering from the issue than those living in better economic
situations. Therefore, this research study is of considerable
significance to this research, and its insights can provide further
support to the already existing literature on the study topic.
Mock & Arai (2011) research reveals important facts about childhood
trauma and chronic illness during one's adulthood times. The authors
use socioeconomic status and mental health as the study's explanatory
factors and buffers. The authors agree with other research studies that
experiences of traumatic events during one's childhood times are
associated with some long-term consequences on individual general
health during adulthood times. The authors used research data
obtained from the Canadian Community Health Survey to examine the
potential impact of socioeconomic status and mental health during
adulthood times as potential mediators of the relationship between
chronic illness of an individual and childhood trauma. One’s
socioeconomic status and mental health status were also tested as
potential buffers against the exceedingly adverse childhood trauma
consequences. Their study revealed that one's socioeconomic status
and mental health partially support the fact that there is an association
between childhood trauma and chronic illness during adulthood times.
The study adds to other previous results by other researchers that
support the fact that higher socioeconomic status can serve as a
potential protective factor for individuals who have a history of
trauma. Notably, the study agrees with the research results obtained by
Collins et al. (2010), which share that people with a privileged social
and economic status have increased opportunities to access resources
that help them successfully negotiate with their respective traumatic
experiences. Therefore, poor economic living conditions increased
one's risk of suffering from trauma, even during adulthood. However,
such possibilities are limited if one is living an economically stable
life.
Walsh et al. (2019) share different facts concerning the relationship
between one's adverse childhood experiences and socioeconomic
position. The authors conducted a systematic review to study the facts
of the research study topic. Walsh et-al share that adverse childhood
experiences are likely to result in higher risks or adverse outcomes in
one's adulthood times. More so, various countries are making ACEs a
policy priority. The authors based their study on databases such as
ProQuest, Medline, and many others. The study reveals meaningful
statistical associations between one's Socioeconomic position during
childhood and adverse childhood experiences. The authors assert that
lower childhood socioeconomic position is associated with increased
risks of maltreatment or adverse childhood experiences. The study
supports research shared by the different research studies used in this
research paper on the fact that there is a relationship between one's
socioeconomic status, adverse childhood experiences and one's
possibility of suffering from trauma, an emergency of trauma or the
re-occurrence of trauma in one's later life. This study reveals
important facts that can be used in this research paper.
Conclusion
Childhood Trauma is one of the main issues that have significant
impacts on Family Systems and Childhood Outcomes. Childhood
trauma is an extended topic of discussion and therefore, can be
expanded concerning socioeconomic disadvantages such as poverty,
systemic stratification racism, and many others. Childhood trauma
affects family systems through the creation of a highly vicious cycle
of historical trauma, which has adverse impacts on families for very
many generations. Childhood trauma could result in health-related
risks in an adult person's life. Over two billion people are
impoverished and survive on an income of less than $3.10 daily.
Repeated exposures to traumatic events result in chronic or severe
reactions in various members of the facility, and its impacts extend
more in-depth into the entire family system. Economically
disadvantaged families are affected by severe chronic issues such as
repeated traumas, disorganized lifestyles, stress, conflicted
relationship, and many others. People living in underprivileged
economic conditions stand higher in the possibility of suffering from
the issue than those living in better economic situations. Higher
socioeconomic status can serve as a potential protective factor for
individuals who have a history of trauma. Lower childhood
socioeconomic position is associated with increased risks of
maltreatment or adverse childhood experiences. Therefore, childhood
trauma has adverse negative impacts on family systems and childhood
Outcomes.
This study is very fundamental to families and society at large. The
impacts of childhood trauma in an individual's life are exceedingly
significant than mere problems faced during one's adulthood times.
Childhood trauma affects family systems through the creation of a
highly vicious cycle of historical trauma, which has adverse impacts
on families for very many generations. Understanding trauma and its
adverse impacts on family systems can serve as an initial step towards
breaking the cycle of historical trauma in family systems. This issue is
of sociological relevance in different ways since childhood trauma
may significantly affect adults and not manifest in the form of mere
family dysfunction or adversity. Childhood trauma could result in five
main health-related risks in an adult person's life. Among these
include obesity, depression, binge drinking, tobacco use, and
sometimes lead to self-reported sub-optimal health. Therefore, the
problem of childhood trauma significantly affects societies.
Literature Review
Bradley-Davino & Ruglass (n.d.) research reveals different facts about
issues of Trauma and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder among
economically disadvantaged populations. The study reveals that over
900 million people across different parts of the world live in extreme
poverty situations. Their study further reveals that over two billion
people are impoverished and survive on an income of less than $3.10
daily. The authors examined the impact of physical and behavioral
health on trauma for economically disadvantaged individuals. The
study reveals that economic disadvantage among different people is
associated with higher risks of repeated trauma, trauma beginning, or
experiencing trauma. More so, an economically disadvantaged
situation among populations is associated with an increased risk for
individuals suffering from trauma-related issues such as anxiety and
depression, or post-traumatic stress. This research study is in
agreement with various research studies previously conducted, which
reveal support that individuals having economically disadvantaged
lives have higher possibilities of suffering from trauma. Bradley-
Davino & Ruglass reveal that young children from economically
disadvantaged homes or societies stand higher risks of suffering from
"toxic stress response" resulting from severe or repeated adversity due
to lack of resources for the mitigation of the stressors in their lives.
The authors associated trauma with a retarded or low cognitive,
biological, and psychological development in the child, which also
increases the young child's risks of delayed development, physical and
emotional health issues. Such study results are of great significance in
this study since they reveal the actual impacts that childhood trauma
has childhood outcomes.
Collins et al. (2010) conducted a research study that focused on
examining the impact of urban poverty and trauma on the operation of
different family systems. The authors put a special focus on aspects
such as interventions, resilience, and risks. The authors reviewed
various clinical and research literature on how trauma affects family
systems in urban poverty. The main family subsystems that were
examined in the study include one's life as a child or an adult, parent-
child relationship, adult intimate relationship, sibling, and the overall
intergenerational relationships of an individual and the entire
operation of a family. Their study had the purpose of widening
trauma-informed care evidence-based information through putting a
strong focus on trauma-related familial responses and through
developing a foundational knowledge required in designing trauma-
specific and family-centered interventions that strengthen the ability
of any given family to cope, adapt and heal from past adversely
stressful events. Collins et-al study reveals essential findings to this
research study. Among their findings includes the fact that families
undergoing urban poverty often suffer from multiple traumas
throughout their respective lives. Such families have limited
opportunities to access resources that help in successful negotiations
with various traumatic experiences. Collins et al. revealed significant
results in agreement with the results obtained by Bradley-Davino &
Ruglass. Both studies reveal that people living under economically
disadvantaged lives have increased possibilities of suffering from
trauma in their lives. More so, the study revealed that repeated
exposure to traumatic events results in chronic or severe reactions in
various members of the facility, and its impacts extend more in-depth
into the entire family system. Their research confirms that the impacts
of childhood trauma affect all levels of the family system.
Economically disadvantaged families are affected by severe chronic
issues such as repeated traumas, disorganized lifestyles, stress,
conflicted relationship, and many others. This study's results are
significant for my research since they reveal the fact that childhood
trauma affects family systems.
Halfon et-al (2017) research reveals essential facts about income
inequality and the various differential impacts associated with adverse
experiences during childhood. The authors share that adverse
childhood experiences can have severe impacts on the health and
overall development of a child. The main objective of the research
study was to examine how ACEs continue manifesting at various
income levels of an individual, and how such economic-related pattern
influences the overall health and development of a young child. The
authors used the National Survey of Children's Health to obtain the
required information. The associations between the different variables
were further examined using both the bivariate and the multivariate
analyses. Their study revealed that there is an alignment of Adverse
Childhood Experiences along the income gradient. In contrast, those
occupying the bottom gradient have high possibilities of likelihood if
experiencing such adverse experiences. However, this study also
reveals that adverse childhood experiences also occur at all income
hierarchy levels and not necessarily to those living below the
threshold poverty level. This research study reveals essential facts that
are fundamental in this research paper. Notably, the study results align
with the study results shared by other researchers such as Bradley-
Davino & Ruglass, and Collines et al that there is a strong relationship
between one's economic status and the likelihood of an individual to
suffer from trauma or repeated trauma in adulthood. People living in
underprivileged economic conditions stand higher in the possibility of
suffering from the issue than those living in better economic
situations. Therefore, this research study is of considerable
significance to this research, and its insights can provide further
support to the already existing literature on the study topic.
Mock & Arai (2011) research reveals important facts about childhood
trauma and chronic illness during one's adulthood times. The authors
use socioeconomic status and mental health as the study's explanatory
factors and buffers. The authors agree with other research studies that
experiences of traumatic events during one's childhood times are
associated with some long-term consequences on individual general
health during adulthood times. The authors used research data
obtained from the Canadian Community Health Survey to examine the
potential impact of socioeconomic status and mental health during
adulthood times as potential mediators of the relationship between
chronic illness of an individual and childhood trauma. One’s
socioeconomic status and mental health status were also tested as
potential buffers against the exceedingly adverse childhood trauma
consequences. Their study revealed that one's socioeconomic status
and mental health partially support the fact that there is an association
between childhood trauma and chronic illness during adulthood times.
The study adds to other previous results by other researchers that
support the fact that higher socioeconomic status can serve as a
potential protective factor for individuals who have a history of
trauma. Notably, the study agrees with the research results obtained by
Collins et al. (2010), which share that people with a privileged social
and economic status have increased opportunities to access resources
that help them successfully negotiate with their respective traumatic
experiences. Therefore, poor economic living conditions increased
one's risk of suffering from trauma, even during adulthood. However,
such possibilities are limited if one is living an economically stable
life.
Walsh et al. (2019) share different facts concerning the relationship
between one's adverse childhood experiences and socioeconomic
position. The authors conducted a systematic review to study the facts
of the research study topic. Walsh et-al share that adverse childhood
experiences are likely to result in higher risks or adverse outcomes in
one's adulthood times. More so, various countries are making ACEs a
policy priority. The authors based their study on databases such as
ProQuest, Medline, and many others. The study reveals meaningful
statistical associations between one's Socioeconomic position during
childhood and adverse childhood experiences. The authors assert that
lower childhood socioeconomic position is associated with increased
risks of maltreatment or adverse childhood experiences. The study
supports research shared by the different research studies used in this
research paper on the fact that there is a relationship between one's
socioeconomic status, adverse childhood experiences and one's
possibility of suffering from trauma, an emergency of trauma or the
re-occurrence of trauma in one's later life. This study reveals
important facts that can be used in this research paper.
Conclusion
Childhood Trauma is one of the main issues that have significant
impacts on Family Systems and Childhood Outcomes. Childhood
trauma is an extended topic of discussion and therefore, can be
expanded concerning socioeconomic disadvantages such as poverty,
systemic stratification racism, and many others. Childhood trauma
affects family systems through the creation of a highly vicious cycle
of historical trauma, which has adverse impacts on families for very
many generations. Childhood trauma could result in health-related
risks in an adult person's life. Over two billion people are
impoverished and survive on an income of less than $3.10 daily.
Repeated exposures to traumatic events result in chronic or severe
reactions in various members of the facility, and its impacts extend
more in-depth into the entire family system. Economically
disadvantaged families are affected by severe chronic issues such as
repeated traumas, disorganized lifestyles, stress, conflicted
relationship, and many others. People living in underprivileged
economic conditions stand higher in the possibility of suffering from
the issue than those living in better economic situations. Higher
socioeconomic status can serve as a potential protective factor for
individuals who have a history of trauma. Lower childhood
socioeconomic position is associated with increased risks of
maltreatment or adverse childhood experiences. Therefore, childhood
trauma has adverse negative impacts on family systems and childhood
Outcomes.
This study is very fundamental to families and society at large. The
impacts of childhood trauma in an individual's life are exceedingly
significant than mere problems faced during one's adulthood times.
Childhood trauma affects family systems through the creation of a
highly vicious cycle of historical trauma, which has adverse impacts
on families for very many generations. Understanding trauma and its
adverse impacts on family systems can serve as an initial step towards
breaking the cycle of historical trauma in family systems. This issue is
of sociological relevance in different ways since childhood trauma
may significantly affect adults and not manifest in the form of mere
family dysfunction or adversity. Childhood trauma could result in five
main health-related risks in an adult person's life. Among these
include obesity, depression, binge drinking, tobacco use, and
sometimes lead to self-reported sub-optimal health. Therefore, the
problem of childhood trauma significantly affects societies.
Literature Review
Bradley-Davino & Ruglass (n.d.) research reveals different facts about
issues of Trauma and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder among
economically disadvantaged populations. The study reveals that over
900 million people across different parts of the world live in extreme
poverty situations. Their study further reveals that over two billion
people are impoverished and survive on an income of less than $3.10
daily. The authors examined the impact of physical and behavioral
health on trauma for economically disadvantaged individuals. The
study reveals that economic disadvantage among different people is
associated with higher risks of repeated trauma, trauma beginning, or
experiencing trauma. More so, an economically disadvantaged
situation among populations is associated with an increased risk for
individuals suffering from trauma-related issues such as anxiety and
depression, or post-traumatic stress. This research study is in
agreement with various research studies previously conducted, which
reveal support that individuals having economically disadvantaged
lives have higher possibilities of suffering from trauma. Bradley-
Davino & Ruglass reveal that young children from economically
disadvantaged homes or societies stand higher risks of suffering from
"toxic stress response" resulting from severe or repeated adversity due
to lack of resources for the mitigation of the stressors in their lives.
The authors associated trauma with a retarded or low cognitive,
biological, and psychological development in the child, which also
increases the young child's risks of delayed development, physical and
emotional health issues. Such study results are of great significance in
this study since they reveal the actual impacts that childhood trauma
has childhood outcomes.
Collins et al. (2010) conducted a research study that focused on
examining the impact of urban poverty and trauma on the operation of
different family systems. The authors put a special focus on aspects
such as interventions, resilience, and risks. The authors reviewed
various clinical and research literature on how trauma affects family
systems in urban poverty. The main family subsystems that were
examined in the study include one's life as a child or an adult, parent-
child relationship, adult intimate relationship, sibling, and the overall
intergenerational relationships of an individual and the entire
operation of a family. Their study had the purpose of widening
trauma-informed care evidence-based information through putting a
strong focus on trauma-related familial responses and through
developing a foundational knowledge required in designing trauma-
specific and family-centered interventions that strengthen the ability
of any given family to cope, adapt and heal from past adversely
stressful events. Collins et-al study reveals essential findings to this
research study. Among their findings includes the fact that families
undergoing urban poverty often suffer from multiple traumas
throughout their respective lives. Such families have limited
opportunities to access resources that help in successful negotiations
with various traumatic experiences. Collins et al. revealed significant
results in agreement with the results obtained by Bradley-Davino &
Ruglass. Both studies reveal that people living under economically
disadvantaged lives have increased possibilities of suffering from
trauma in their lives. More so, the study revealed that repeated
exposure to traumatic events results in chronic or severe reactions in
various members of the facility, and its impacts extend more in-depth
into the entire family system. Their research confirms that the impacts
of childhood trauma affect all levels of the family system.
Economically disadvantaged families are affected by severe chronic
issues such as repeated traumas, disorganized lifestyles, stress,
conflicted relationship, and many others. This study's results are
significant for my research since they reveal the fact that childhood
trauma affects family systems.
Halfon et-al (2017) research reveals essential facts about income
inequality and the various differential impacts associated with adverse
experiences during childhood. The authors share that adverse
childhood experiences can have severe impacts on the health and
overall development of a child. The main objective of the research
study was to examine how ACEs continue manifesting at various
income levels of an individual, and how such economic-related pattern
influences the overall health and development of a young child. The
authors used the National Survey of Children's Health to obtain the
required information. The associations between the different variables
were further examined using both the bivariate and the multivariate
analyses. Their study revealed that there is an alignment of Adverse
Childhood Experiences along the income gradient. In contrast, those
occupying the bottom gradient have high possibilities of likelihood if
experiencing such adverse experiences. However, this study also
reveals that adverse childhood experiences also occur at all income
hierarchy levels and not necessarily to those living below the
threshold poverty level. This research study reveals essential facts that
are fundamental in this research paper. Notably, the study results align
with the study results shared by other researchers such as Bradley-
Davino & Ruglass, and Collines et al that there is a strong relationship
between one's economic status and the likelihood of an individual to
suffer from trauma or repeated trauma in adulthood. People living in
underprivileged economic conditions stand higher in the possibility of
suffering from the issue than those living in better economic
situations. Therefore, this research study is of considerable
significance to this research, and its insights can provide further
support to the already existing literature on the study topic.
Mock & Arai (2011) research reveals important facts about childhood
trauma and chronic illness during one's adulthood times. The authors
use socioeconomic status and mental health as the study's explanatory
factors and buffers. The authors agree with other research studies that
experiences of traumatic events during one's childhood times are
associated with some long-term consequences on individual general
health during adulthood times. The authors used research data
obtained from the Canadian Community Health Survey to examine the
potential impact of socioeconomic status and mental health during
adulthood times as potential mediators of the relationship between
chronic illness of an individual and childhood trauma. One’s
socioeconomic status and mental health status were also tested as
potential buffers against the exceedingly adverse childhood trauma
consequences. Their study revealed that one's socioeconomic status
and mental health partially support the fact that there is an association
between childhood trauma and chronic illness during adulthood times.
The study adds to other previous results by other researchers that
support the fact that higher socioeconomic status can serve as a
potential protective factor for individuals who have a history of
trauma. Notably, the study agrees with the research results obtained by
Collins et al. (2010), which share that people with a privileged social
and economic status have increased opportunities to access resources
that help them successfully negotiate with their respective traumatic
experiences. Therefore, poor economic living conditions increased
one's risk of suffering from trauma, even during adulthood. However,
such possibilities are limited if one is living an economically stable
life.
Walsh et al. (2019) share different facts concerning the relationship
between one's adverse childhood experiences and socioeconomic
position. The authors conducted a systematic review to study the facts
of the research study topic. Walsh et-al share that adverse childhood
experiences are likely to result in higher risks or adverse outcomes in
one's adulthood times. More so, various countries are making ACEs a
policy priority. The authors based their study on databases such as
ProQuest, Medline, and many others. The study reveals meaningful
statistical associations between one's Socioeconomic position during
childhood and adverse childhood experiences. The authors assert that
lower childhood socioeconomic position is associated with increased
risks of maltreatment or adverse childhood experiences. The study
supports research shared by the different research studies used in this
research paper on the fact that there is a relationship between one's
socioeconomic status, adverse childhood experiences and one's
possibility of suffering from trauma, an emergency of trauma or the
re-occurrence of trauma in one's later life. This study reveals
important facts that can be used in this research paper.
Conclusion
Childhood Trauma is one of the main issues that have significant
impacts on Family Systems and Childhood Outcomes. Childhood
trauma is an extended topic of discussion and therefore, can be
expanded concerning socioeconomic disadvantages such as poverty,
systemic stratification racism, and many others. Childhood trauma
affects family systems through the creation of a highly vicious cycle
of historical trauma, which has adverse impacts on families for very
many generations. Childhood trauma could result in health-related
risks in an adult person's life. Over two billion people are
impoverished and survive on an income of less than $3.10 daily.
Repeated exposures to traumatic events result in chronic or severe
reactions in various members of the facility, and its impacts extend
more in-depth into the entire family system. Economically
disadvantaged families are affected by severe chronic issues such as
repeated traumas, disorganized lifestyles, stress, conflicted
relationship, and many others. People living in underprivileged
economic conditions stand higher in the possibility of suffering from
the issue than those living in better economic situations. Higher
socioeconomic status can serve as a potential protective factor for
individuals who have a history of trauma. Lower childhood
socioeconomic position is associated with increased risks of
maltreatment or adverse childhood experiences. Therefore, childhood
trauma has adverse negative impacts on family systems and childhood
Outcomes.
This study is very fundamental to families and society at large. The
impacts of childhood trauma in an individual's life are exceedingly
significant than mere problems faced during one's adulthood times.
Childhood trauma affects family systems through the creation of a
highly vicious cycle of historical trauma, which has adverse impacts
on families for very many generations. Understanding trauma and its
adverse impacts on family systems can serve as an initial step towards
breaking the cycle of historical trauma in family systems. This issue is
of sociological relevance in different ways since childhood trauma
may significantly affect adults and not manifest in the form of mere
family dysfunction or adversity. Childhood trauma could result in five
main health-related risks in an adult person's life. Among these
include obesity, depression, binge drinking, tobacco use, and
sometimes lead to self-reported sub-optimal health. Therefore, the
problem of childhood trauma significantly affects societies.
Literature Review
Bradley-Davino & Ruglass (n.d.) research reveals different facts about
issues of Trauma and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder among
economically disadvantaged populations. The study reveals that over
900 million people across different parts of the world live in extreme
poverty situations. Their study further reveals that over two billion
people are impoverished and survive on an income of less than $3.10
daily. The authors examined the impact of physical and behavioral
health on trauma for economically disadvantaged individuals. The
study reveals that economic disadvantage among different people is
associated with higher risks of repeated trauma, trauma beginning, or
experiencing trauma. More so, an economically disadvantaged
situation among populations is associated with an increased risk for
individuals suffering from trauma-related issues such as anxiety and
depression, or post-traumatic stress. This research study is in
agreement with various research studies previously conducted, which
reveal support that individuals having economically disadvantaged
lives have higher possibilities of suffering from trauma. Bradley-
Davino & Ruglass reveal that young children from economically
disadvantaged homes or societies stand higher risks of suffering from
"toxic stress response" resulting from severe or repeated adversity due
to lack of resources for the mitigation of the stressors in their lives.
The authors associated trauma with a retarded or low cognitive,
biological, and psychological development in the child, which also
increases the young child's risks of delayed development, physical and
emotional health issues. Such study results are of great significance in
this study since they reveal the actual impacts that childhood trauma
has childhood outcomes.
Collins et al. (2010) conducted a research study that focused on
examining the impact of urban poverty and trauma on the operation of
different family systems. The authors put a special focus on aspects
such as interventions, resilience, and risks. The authors reviewed
various clinical and research literature on how trauma affects family
systems in urban poverty. The main family subsystems that were
examined in the study include one's life as a child or an adult, parent-
child relationship, adult intimate relationship, sibling, and the overall
intergenerational relationships of an individual and the entire
operation of a family. Their study had the purpose of widening
trauma-informed care evidence-based information through putting a
strong focus on trauma-related familial responses and through
developing a foundational knowledge required in designing trauma-
specific and family-centered interventions that strengthen the ability
of any given family to cope, adapt and heal from past adversely
stressful events. Collins et-al study reveals essential findings to this
research study. Among their findings includes the fact that families
undergoing urban poverty often suffer from multiple traumas
throughout their respective lives. Such families have limited
opportunities to access resources that help in successful negotiations
with various traumatic experiences. Collins et al. revealed significant
results in agreement with the results obtained by Bradley-Davino &
Ruglass. Both studies reveal that people living under economically
disadvantaged lives have increased possibilities of suffering from
trauma in their lives. More so, the study revealed that repeated
exposure to traumatic events results in chronic or severe reactions in
various members of the facility, and its impacts extend more in-depth
into the entire family system. Their research confirms that the impacts
of childhood trauma affect all levels of the family system.
Economically disadvantaged families are affected by severe chronic
issues such as repeated traumas, disorganized lifestyles, stress,
conflicted relationship, and many others. This study's results are
significant for my research since they reveal the fact that childhood
trauma affects family systems.
Halfon et-al (2017) research reveals essential facts about income
inequality and the various differential impacts associated with adverse
experiences during childhood. The authors share that adverse
childhood experiences can have severe impacts on the health and
overall development of a child. The main objective of the research
study was to examine how ACEs continue manifesting at various
income levels of an individual, and how such economic-related pattern
influences the overall health and development of a young child. The
authors used the National Survey of Children's Health to obtain the
required information. The associations between the different variables
were further examined using both the bivariate and the multivariate
analyses. Their study revealed that there is an alignment of Adverse
Childhood Experiences along the income gradient. In contrast, those
occupying the bottom gradient have high possibilities of likelihood if
experiencing such adverse experiences. However, this study also
reveals that adverse childhood experiences also occur at all income
hierarchy levels and not necessarily to those living below the
threshold poverty level. This research study reveals essential facts that
are fundamental in this research paper. Notably, the study results align
with the study results shared by other researchers such as Bradley-
Davino & Ruglass, and Collines et al that there is a strong relationship
between one's economic status and the likelihood of an individual to
suffer from trauma or repeated trauma in adulthood. People living in
underprivileged economic conditions stand higher in the possibility of
suffering from the issue than those living in better economic
situations. Therefore, this research study is of considerable
significance to this research, and its insights can provide further
support to the already existing literature on the study topic.
Mock & Arai (2011) research reveals important facts about childhood
trauma and chronic illness during one's adulthood times. The authors
use socioeconomic status and mental health as the study's explanatory
factors and buffers. The authors agree with other research studies that
experiences of traumatic events during one's childhood times are
associated with some long-term consequences on individual general
health during adulthood times. The authors used research data
obtained from the Canadian Community Health Survey to examine the
potential impact of socioeconomic status and mental health during
adulthood times as potential mediators of the relationship between
chronic illness of an individual and childhood trauma. One’s
socioeconomic status and mental health status were also tested as
potential buffers against the exceedingly adverse childhood trauma
consequences. Their study revealed that one's socioeconomic status
and mental health partially support the fact that there is an association
between childhood trauma and chronic illness during adulthood times.
The study adds to other previous results by other researchers that
support the fact that higher socioeconomic status can serve as a
potential protective factor for individuals who have a history of
trauma. Notably, the study agrees with the research results obtained by
Collins et al. (2010), which share that people with a privileged social
and economic status have increased opportunities to access resources
that help them successfully negotiate with their respective traumatic
experiences. Therefore, poor economic living conditions increased
one's risk of suffering from trauma, even during adulthood. However,
such possibilities are limited if one is living an economically stable
life.
Walsh et al. (2019) share different facts concerning the relationship
between one's adverse childhood experiences and socioeconomic
position. The authors conducted a systematic review to study the facts
of the research study topic. Walsh et-al share that adverse childhood
experiences are likely to result in higher risks or adverse outcomes in
one's adulthood times. More so, various countries are making ACEs a
policy priority. The authors based their study on databases such as
ProQuest, Medline, and many others. The study reveals meaningful
statistical associations between one's Socioeconomic position during
childhood and adverse childhood experiences. The authors assert that
lower childhood socioeconomic position is associated with increased
risks of maltreatment or adverse childhood experiences. The study
supports research shared by the different research studies used in this
research paper on the fact that there is a relationship between one's
socioeconomic status, adverse childhood experiences and one's
possibility of suffering from trauma, an emergency of trauma or the
re-occurrence of trauma in one's later life. This study reveals
important facts that can be used in this research paper.
Conclusion
Childhood Trauma is one of the main issues that have significant
impacts on Family Systems and Childhood Outcomes. Childhood
trauma is an extended topic of discussion and therefore, can be
expanded concerning socioeconomic disadvantages such as poverty,
systemic stratification racism, and many others. Childhood trauma
affects family systems through the creation of a highly vicious cycle
of historical trauma, which has adverse impacts on families for very
many generations. Childhood trauma could result in health-related
risks in an adult person's life. Over two billion people are
impoverished and survive on an income of less than $3.10 daily.
Repeated exposures to traumatic events result in chronic or severe
reactions in various members of the facility, and its impacts extend
more in-depth into the entire family system. Economically
disadvantaged families are affected by severe chronic issues such as
repeated traumas, disorganized lifestyles, stress, conflicted
relationship, and many others. People living in underprivileged
economic conditions stand higher in the possibility of suffering from
the issue than those living in better economic situations. Higher
socioeconomic status can serve as a potential protective factor for
individuals who have a history of trauma. Lower childhood
socioeconomic position is associated with increased risks of
maltreatment or adverse childhood experiences. Therefore, childhood
trauma has adverse negative impacts on family systems and childhood
Outcomes.
This study is very fundamental to families and society at large. The
impacts of childhood trauma in an individual's life are exceedingly
significant than mere problems faced during one's adulthood times.
Childhood trauma affects family systems through the creation of a
highly vicious cycle of historical trauma, which has adverse impacts
on families for very many generations. Understanding trauma and its
adverse impacts on family systems can serve as an initial step towards
breaking the cycle of historical trauma in family systems. This issue is
of sociological relevance in different ways since childhood trauma
may significantly affect adults and not manifest in the form of mere
family dysfunction or adversity. Childhood trauma could result in five
main health-related risks in an adult person's life. Among these
include obesity, depression, binge drinking, tobacco use, and
sometimes lead to self-reported sub-optimal health. Therefore, the
problem of childhood trauma significantly affects societies.
Literature Review
Bradley-Davino & Ruglass (n.d.) research reveals different facts about
issues of Trauma and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder among
economically disadvantaged populations. The study reveals that over
900 million people across different parts of the world live in extreme
poverty situations. Their study further reveals that over two billion
people are impoverished and survive on an income of less than $3.10
daily. The authors examined the impact of physical and behavioral
health on trauma for economically disadvantaged individuals. The
study reveals that economic disadvantage among different people is
associated with higher risks of repeated trauma, trauma beginning, or
experiencing trauma. More so, an economically disadvantaged
situation among populations is associated with an increased risk for
individuals suffering from trauma-related issues such as anxiety and
depression, or post-traumatic stress. This research study is in
agreement with various research studies previously conducted, which
reveal support that individuals having economically disadvantaged
lives have higher possibilities of suffering from trauma. Bradley-
Davino & Ruglass reveal that young children from economically
disadvantaged homes or societies stand higher risks of suffering from
"toxic stress response" resulting from severe or repeated adversity due
to lack of resources for the mitigation of the stressors in their lives.
The authors associated trauma with a retarded or low cognitive,
biological, and psychological development in the child, which also
increases the young child's risks of delayed development, physical and
emotional health issues. Such study results are of great significance in
this study since they reveal the actual impacts that childhood trauma
has childhood outcomes.
Collins et al. (2010) conducted a research study that focused on
examining the impact of urban poverty and trauma on the operation of
different family systems. The authors put a special focus on aspects
such as interventions, resilience, and risks. The authors reviewed
various clinical and research literature on how trauma affects family
systems in urban poverty. The main family subsystems that were
examined in the study include one's life as a child or an adult, parent-
child relationship, adult intimate relationship, sibling, and the overall
intergenerational relationships of an individual and the entire
operation of a family. Their study had the purpose of widening
trauma-informed care evidence-based information through putting a
strong focus on trauma-related familial responses and through
developing a foundational knowledge required in designing trauma-
specific and family-centered interventions that strengthen the ability
of any given family to cope, adapt and heal from past adversely
stressful events. Collins et-al study reveals essential findings to this
research study. Among their findings includes the fact that families
undergoing urban poverty often suffer from multiple traumas
throughout their respective lives. Such families have limited
opportunities to access resources that help in successful negotiations
with various traumatic experiences. Collins et al. revealed significant
results in agreement with the results obtained by Bradley-Davino &
Ruglass. Both studies reveal that people living under economically
disadvantaged lives have increased possibilities of suffering from
trauma in their lives. More so, the study revealed that repeated
exposure to traumatic events results in chronic or severe reactions in
various members of the facility, and its impacts extend more in-depth
into the entire family system. Their research confirms that the impacts
of childhood trauma affect all levels of the family system.
Economically disadvantaged families are affected by severe chronic
issues such as repeated traumas, disorganized lifestyles, stress,
conflicted relationship, and many others. This study's results are
significant for my research since they reveal the fact that childhood
trauma affects family systems.
Halfon et-al (2017) research reveals essential facts about income
inequality and the various differential impacts associated with adverse
experiences during childhood. The authors share that adverse
childhood experiences can have severe impacts on the health and
overall development of a child. The main objective of the research
study was to examine how ACEs continue manifesting at various
income levels of an individual, and how such economic-related pattern
influences the overall health and development of a young child. The
authors used the National Survey of Children's Health to obtain the
required information. The associations between the different variables
were further examined using both the bivariate and the multivariate
analyses. Their study revealed that there is an alignment of Adverse
Childhood Experiences along the income gradient. In contrast, those
occupying the bottom gradient have high possibilities of likelihood if
experiencing such adverse experiences. However, this study also
reveals that adverse childhood experiences also occur at all income
hierarchy levels and not necessarily to those living below the
threshold poverty level. This research study reveals essential facts that
are fundamental in this research paper. Notably, the study results align
with the study results shared by other researchers such as Bradley-
Davino & Ruglass, and Collines et al that there is a strong relationship
between one's economic status and the likelihood of an individual to
suffer from trauma or repeated trauma in adulthood. People living in
underprivileged economic conditions stand higher in the possibility of
suffering from the issue than those living in better economic
situations. Therefore, this research study is of considerable
significance to this research, and its insights can provide further
support to the already existing literature on the study topic.
Mock & Arai (2011) research reveals important facts about childhood
trauma and chronic illness during one's adulthood times. The authors
use socioeconomic status and mental health as the study's explanatory
factors and buffers. The authors agree with other research studies that
experiences of traumatic events during one's childhood times are
associated with some long-term consequences on individual general
health during adulthood times. The authors used research data
obtained from the Canadian Community Health Survey to examine the
potential impact of socioeconomic status and mental health during
adulthood times as potential mediators of the relationship between
chronic illness of an individual and childhood trauma. One’s
socioeconomic status and mental health status were also tested as
potential buffers against the exceedingly adverse childhood trauma
consequences. Their study revealed that one's socioeconomic status
and mental health partially support the fact that there is an association
between childhood trauma and chronic illness during adulthood times.
The study adds to other previous results by other researchers that
support the fact that higher socioeconomic status can serve as a
potential protective factor for individuals who have a history of
trauma. Notably, the study agrees with the research results obtained by
Collins et al. (2010), which share that people with a privileged social
and economic status have increased opportunities to access resources
that help them successfully negotiate with their respective traumatic
experiences. Therefore, poor economic living conditions increased
one's risk of suffering from trauma, even during adulthood. However,
such possibilities are limited if one is living an economically stable
life.
Walsh et al. (2019) share different facts concerning the relationship
between one's adverse childhood experiences and socioeconomic
position. The authors conducted a systematic review to study the facts
of the research study topic. Walsh et-al share that adverse childhood
experiences are likely to result in higher risks or adverse outcomes in
one's adulthood times. More so, various countries are making ACEs a
policy priority. The authors based their study on databases such as
ProQuest, Medline, and many others. The study reveals meaningful
statistical associations between one's Socioeconomic position during
childhood and adverse childhood experiences. The authors assert that
lower childhood socioeconomic position is associated with increased
risks of maltreatment or adverse childhood experiences. The study
supports research shared by the different research studies used in this
research paper on the fact that there is a relationship between one's
socioeconomic status, adverse childhood experiences and one's
possibility of suffering from trauma, an emergency of trauma or the
re-occurrence of trauma in one's later life. This study reveals
important facts that can be used in this research paper.
Conclusion
Childhood Trauma is one of the main issues that have significant
impacts on Family Systems and Childhood Outcomes. Childhood
trauma is an extended topic of discussion and therefore, can be
expanded concerning socioeconomic disadvantages such as poverty,
systemic stratification racism, and many others. Childhood trauma
affects family systems through the creation of a highly vicious cycle
of historical trauma, which has adverse impacts on families for very
many generations. Childhood trauma could result in health-related
risks in an adult person's life. Over two billion people are
impoverished and survive on an income of less than $3.10 daily.
Repeated exposures to traumatic events result in chronic or severe
reactions in various members of the facility, and its impacts extend
more in-depth into the entire family system. Economically
disadvantaged families are affected by severe chronic issues such as
repeated traumas, disorganized lifestyles, stress, conflicted
relationship, and many others. People living in underprivileged
economic conditions stand higher in the possibility of suffering from
the issue than those living in better economic situations. Higher
socioeconomic status can serve as a potential protective factor for
individuals who have a history of trauma. Lower childhood
socioeconomic position is associated with increased risks of
maltreatment or adverse childhood experiences. Therefore, childhood
trauma has adverse negative impacts on family systems and childhood
Outcomes.
This study is very fundamental to families and society at large. The
impacts of childhood trauma in an individual's life are exceedingly
significant than mere problems faced during one's adulthood times.
Childhood trauma affects family systems through the creation of a
highly vicious cycle of historical trauma, which has adverse impacts
on families for very many generations. Understanding trauma and its
adverse impacts on family systems can serve as an initial step towards
breaking the cycle of historical trauma in family systems. This issue is
of sociological relevance in different ways since childhood trauma
may significantly affect adults and not manifest in the form of mere
family dysfunction or adversity. Childhood trauma could result in five
main health-related risks in an adult person's life. Among these
include obesity, depression, binge drinking, tobacco use, and
sometimes lead to self-reported sub-optimal health. Therefore, the
problem of childhood trauma significantly affects societies.
Literature Review
Bradley-Davino & Ruglass (n.d.) research reveals different facts about
issues of Trauma and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder among
economically disadvantaged populations. The study reveals that over
900 million people across different parts of the world live in extreme
poverty situations. Their study further reveals that over two billion
people are impoverished and survive on an income of less than $3.10
daily. The authors examined the impact of physical and behavioral
health on trauma for economically disadvantaged individuals. The
study reveals that economic disadvantage among different people is
associated with higher risks of repeated trauma, trauma beginning, or
experiencing trauma. More so, an economically disadvantaged
situation among populations is associated with an increased risk for
individuals suffering from trauma-related issues such as anxiety and
depression, or post-traumatic stress. This research study is in
agreement with various research studies previously conducted, which
reveal support that individuals having economically disadvantaged
lives have higher possibilities of suffering from trauma. Bradley-
Davino & Ruglass reveal that young children from economically
disadvantaged homes or societies stand higher risks of suffering from
"toxic stress response" resulting from severe or repeated adversity due
to lack of resources for the mitigation of the stressors in their lives.
The authors associated trauma with a retarded or low cognitive,
biological, and psychological development in the child, which also
increases the young child's risks of delayed development, physical and
emotional health issues. Such study results are of great significance in
this study since they reveal the actual impacts that childhood trauma
has childhood outcomes.
Collins et al. (2010) conducted a research study that focused on
examining the impact of urban poverty and trauma on the operation of
different family systems. The authors put a special focus on aspects
such as interventions, resilience, and risks. The authors reviewed
various clinical and research literature on how trauma affects family
systems in urban poverty. The main family subsystems that were
examined in the study include one's life as a child or an adult, parent-
child relationship, adult intimate relationship, sibling, and the overall
intergenerational relationships of an individual and the entire
operation of a family. Their study had the purpose of widening
trauma-informed care evidence-based information through putting a
strong focus on trauma-related familial responses and through
developing a foundational knowledge required in designing trauma-
specific and family-centered interventions that strengthen the ability
of any given family to cope, adapt and heal from past adversely
stressful events. Collins et-al study reveals essential findings to this
research study. Among their findings includes the fact that families
undergoing urban poverty often suffer from multiple traumas
throughout their respective lives. Such families have limited
opportunities to access resources that help in successful negotiations
with various traumatic experiences. Collins et al. revealed significant
results in agreement with the results obtained by Bradley-Davino &
Ruglass. Both studies reveal that people living under economically
disadvantaged lives have increased possibilities of suffering from
trauma in their lives. More so, the study revealed that repeated
exposure to traumatic events results in chronic or severe reactions in
various members of the facility, and its impacts extend more in-depth
into the entire family system. Their research confirms that the impacts
of childhood trauma affect all levels of the family system.
Economically disadvantaged families are affected by severe chronic
issues such as repeated traumas, disorganized lifestyles, stress,
conflicted relationship, and many others. This study's results are
significant for my research since they reveal the fact that childhood
trauma affects family systems.
Halfon et-al (2017) research reveals essential facts about income
inequality and the various differential impacts associated with adverse
experiences during childhood. The authors share that adverse
childhood experiences can have severe impacts on the health and
overall development of a child. The main objective of the research
study was to examine how ACEs continue manifesting at various
income levels of an individual, and how such economic-related pattern
influences the overall health and development of a young child. The
authors used the National Survey of Children's Health to obtain the
required information. The associations between the different variables
were further examined using both the bivariate and the multivariate
analyses. Their study revealed that there is an alignment of Adverse
Childhood Experiences along the income gradient. In contrast, those
occupying the bottom gradient have high possibilities of likelihood if
experiencing such adverse experiences. However, this study also
reveals that adverse childhood experiences also occur at all income
hierarchy levels and not necessarily to those living below the
threshold poverty level. This research study reveals essential facts that
are fundamental in this research paper. Notably, the study results align
with the study results shared by other researchers such as Bradley-
Davino & Ruglass, and Collines et al that there is a strong relationship
between one's economic status and the likelihood of an individual to
suffer from trauma or repeated trauma in adulthood. People living in
underprivileged economic conditions stand higher in the possibility of
suffering from the issue than those living in better economic
situations. Therefore, this research study is of considerable
significance to this research, and its insights can provide further
support to the already existing literature on the study topic.
Mock & Arai (2011) research reveals important facts about childhood
trauma and chronic illness during one's adulthood times. The authors
use socioeconomic status and mental health as the study's explanatory
factors and buffers. The authors agree with other research studies that
experiences of traumatic events during one's childhood times are
associated with some long-term consequences on individual general
health during adulthood times. The authors used research data
obtained from the Canadian Community Health Survey to examine the
potential impact of socioeconomic status and mental health during
adulthood times as potential mediators of the relationship between
chronic illness of an individual and childhood trauma. One’s
socioeconomic status and mental health status were also tested as
potential buffers against the exceedingly adverse childhood trauma
consequences. Their study revealed that one's socioeconomic status
and mental health partially support the fact that there is an association
between childhood trauma and chronic illness during adulthood times.
The study adds to other previous results by other researchers that
support the fact that higher socioeconomic status can serve as a
potential protective factor for individuals who have a history of
trauma. Notably, the study agrees with the research results obtained by
Collins et al. (2010), which share that people with a privileged social
and economic status have increased opportunities to access resources
that help them successfully negotiate with their respective traumatic
experiences. Therefore, poor economic living conditions increased
one's risk of suffering from trauma, even during adulthood. However,
such possibilities are limited if one is living an economically stable
life.
Walsh et al. (2019) share different facts concerning the relationship
between one's adverse childhood experiences and socioeconomic
position. The authors conducted a systematic review to study the facts
of the research study topic. Walsh et-al share that adverse childhood
experiences are likely to result in higher risks or adverse outcomes in
one's adulthood times. More so, various countries are making ACEs a
policy priority. The authors based their study on databases such as
ProQuest, Medline, and many others. The study reveals meaningful
statistical associations between one's Socioeconomic position during
childhood and adverse childhood experiences. The authors assert that
lower childhood socioeconomic position is associated with increased
risks of maltreatment or adverse childhood experiences. The study
supports research shared by the different research studies used in this
research paper on the fact that there is a relationship between one's
socioeconomic status, adverse childhood experiences and one's
possibility of suffering from trauma, an emergency of trauma or the
re-occurrence of trauma in one's later life. This study reveals
important facts that can be used in this research paper.
Conclusion
Childhood Trauma is one of the main issues that have significant
impacts on Family Systems and Childhood Outcomes. Childhood
trauma is an extended topic of discussion and therefore, can be
expanded concerning socioeconomic disadvantages such as poverty,
systemic stratification racism, and many others. Childhood trauma
affects family systems through the creation of a highly vicious cycle
of historical trauma, which has adverse impacts on families for very
many generations. Childhood trauma could result in health-related
risks in an adult person's life. Over two billion people are
impoverished and survive on an income of less than $3.10 daily.
Repeated exposures to traumatic events result in chronic or severe
reactions in various members of the facility, and its impacts extend
more in-depth into the entire family system. Economically
disadvantaged families are affected by severe chronic issues such as
repeated traumas, disorganized lifestyles, stress, conflicted
relationship, and many others. People living in underprivileged
economic conditions stand higher in the possibility of suffering from
the issue than those living in better economic situations. Higher
socioeconomic status can serve as a potential protective factor for
individuals who have a history of trauma. Lower childhood
socioeconomic position is associated with increased risks of
maltreatment or adverse childhood experiences. Therefore, childhood
trauma has adverse negative impacts on family systems and childhood
Outcomes.
This study is very fundamental to families and society at large. The
impacts of childhood trauma in an individual's life are exceedingly
significant than mere problems faced during one's adulthood times.
Childhood trauma affects family systems through the creation of a
highly vicious cycle of historical trauma, which has adverse impacts
on families for very many generations. Understanding trauma and its
adverse impacts on family systems can serve as an initial step towards
breaking the cycle of historical trauma in family systems. This issue is
of sociological relevance in different ways since childhood trauma
may significantly affect adults and not manifest in the form of mere
family dysfunction or adversity. Childhood trauma could result in five
main health-related risks in an adult person's life. Among these
include obesity, depression, binge drinking, tobacco use, and
sometimes lead to self-reported sub-optimal health. Therefore, the
problem of childhood trauma significantly affects societies.
Literature Review
Bradley-Davino & Ruglass (n.d.) research reveals different facts about
issues of Trauma and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder among
economically disadvantaged populations. The study reveals that over
900 million people across different parts of the world live in extreme
poverty situations. Their study further reveals that over two billion
people are impoverished and survive on an income of less than $3.10
daily. The authors examined the impact of physical and behavioral
health on trauma for economically disadvantaged individuals. The
study reveals that economic disadvantage among different people is
associated with higher risks of repeated trauma, trauma beginning, or
experiencing trauma. More so, an economically disadvantaged
situation among populations is associated with an increased risk for
individuals suffering from trauma-related issues such as anxiety and
depression, or post-traumatic stress. This research study is in
agreement with various research studies previously conducted, which
reveal support that individuals having economically disadvantaged
lives have higher possibilities of suffering from trauma. Bradley-
Davino & Ruglass reveal that young children from economically
disadvantaged homes or societies stand higher risks of suffering from
"toxic stress response" resulting from severe or repeated adversity due
to lack of resources for the mitigation of the stressors in their lives.
The authors associated trauma with a retarded or low cognitive,
biological, and psychological development in the child, which also
increases the young child's risks of delayed development, physical and
emotional health issues. Such study results are of great significance in
this study since they reveal the actual impacts that childhood trauma
has childhood outcomes.
Collins et al. (2010) conducted a research study that focused on
examining the impact of urban poverty and trauma on the operation of
different family systems. The authors put a special focus on aspects
such as interventions, resilience, and risks. The authors reviewed
various clinical and research literature on how trauma affects family
systems in urban poverty. The main family subsystems that were
examined in the study include one's life as a child or an adult, parent-
child relationship, adult intimate relationship, sibling, and the overall
intergenerational relationships of an individual and the entire
operation of a family. Their study had the purpose of widening
trauma-informed care evidence-based information through putting a
strong focus on trauma-related familial responses and through
developing a foundational knowledge required in designing trauma-
specific and family-centered interventions that strengthen the ability
of any given family to cope, adapt and heal from past adversely
stressful events. Collins et-al study reveals essential findings to this
research study. Among their findings includes the fact that families
undergoing urban poverty often suffer from multiple traumas
throughout their respective lives. Such families have limited
opportunities to access resources that help in successful negotiations
with various traumatic experiences. Collins et al. revealed significant
results in agreement with the results obtained by Bradley-Davino &
Ruglass. Both studies reveal that people living under economically
disadvantaged lives have increased possibilities of suffering from
trauma in their lives. More so, the study revealed that repeated
exposure to traumatic events results in chronic or severe reactions in
various members of the facility, and its impacts extend more in-depth
into the entire family system. Their research confirms that the impacts
of childhood trauma affect all levels of the family system.
Economically disadvantaged families are affected by severe chronic
issues such as repeated traumas, disorganized lifestyles, stress,
conflicted relationship, and many others. This study's results are
significant for my research since they reveal the fact that childhood
trauma affects family systems.
Halfon et-al (2017) research reveals essential facts about income
inequality and the various differential impacts associated with adverse
experiences during childhood. The authors share that adverse
childhood experiences can have severe impacts on the health and
overall development of a child. The main objective of the research
study was to examine how ACEs continue manifesting at various
income levels of an individual, and how such economic-related pattern
influences the overall health and development of a young child. The
authors used the National Survey of Children's Health to obtain the
required information. The associations between the different variables
were further examined using both the bivariate and the multivariate
analyses. Their study revealed that there is an alignment of Adverse
Childhood Experiences along the income gradient. In contrast, those
occupying the bottom gradient have high possibilities of likelihood if
experiencing such adverse experiences. However, this study also
reveals that adverse childhood experiences also occur at all income
hierarchy levels and not necessarily to those living below the
threshold poverty level. This research study reveals essential facts that
are fundamental in this research paper. Notably, the study results align
with the study results shared by other researchers such as Bradley-
Davino & Ruglass, and Collines et al that there is a strong relationship
between one's economic status and the likelihood of an individual to
suffer from trauma or repeated trauma in adulthood. People living in
underprivileged economic conditions stand higher in the possibility of
suffering from the issue than those living in better economic
situations. Therefore, this research study is of considerable
significance to this research, and its insights can provide further
support to the already existing literature on the study topic.
Mock & Arai (2011) research reveals important facts about childhood
trauma and chronic illness during one's adulthood times. The authors
use socioeconomic status and mental health as the study's explanatory
factors and buffers. The authors agree with other research studies that
experiences of traumatic events during one's childhood times are
associated with some long-term consequences on individual general
health during adulthood times. The authors used research data
obtained from the Canadian Community Health Survey to examine the
potential impact of socioeconomic status and mental health during
adulthood times as potential mediators of the relationship between
chronic illness of an individual and childhood trauma. One’s
socioeconomic status and mental health status were also tested as
potential buffers against the exceedingly adverse childhood trauma
consequences. Their study revealed that one's socioeconomic status
and mental health partially support the fact that there is an association
between childhood trauma and chronic illness during adulthood times.
The study adds to other previous results by other researchers that
support the fact that higher socioeconomic status can serve as a
potential protective factor for individuals who have a history of
trauma. Notably, the study agrees with the research results obtained by
Collins et al. (2010), which share that people with a privileged social
and economic status have increased opportunities to access resources
that help them successfully negotiate with their respective traumatic
experiences. Therefore, poor economic living conditions increased
one's risk of suffering from trauma, even during adulthood. However,
such possibilities are limited if one is living an economically stable
life.
Walsh et al. (2019) share different facts concerning the relationship
between one's adverse childhood experiences and socioeconomic
position. The authors conducted a systematic review to study the facts
of the research study topic. Walsh et-al share that adverse childhood
experiences are likely to result in higher risks or adverse outcomes in
one's adulthood times. More so, various countries are making ACEs a
policy priority. The authors based their study on databases such as
ProQuest, Medline, and many others. The study reveals meaningful
statistical associations between one's Socioeconomic position during
childhood and adverse childhood experiences. The authors assert that
lower childhood socioeconomic position is associated with increased
risks of maltreatment or adverse childhood experiences. The study
supports research shared by the different research studies used in this
research paper on the fact that there is a relationship between one's
socioeconomic status, adverse childhood experiences and one's
possibility of suffering from trauma, an emergency of trauma or the
re-occurrence of trauma in one's later life. This study reveals
important facts that can be used in this research paper.
Conclusion
Childhood Trauma is one of the main issues that have significant
impacts on Family Systems and Childhood Outcomes. Childhood
trauma is an extended topic of discussion and therefore, can be
expanded concerning socioeconomic disadvantages such as poverty,
systemic stratification racism, and many others. Childhood trauma
affects family systems through the creation of a highly vicious cycle
of historical trauma, which has adverse impacts on families for very
many generations. Childhood trauma could result in health-related
risks in an adult person's life. Over two billion people are
impoverished and survive on an income of less than $3.10 daily.
Repeated exposures to traumatic events result in chronic or severe
reactions in various members of the facility, and its impacts extend
more in-depth into the entire family system. Economically
disadvantaged families are affected by severe chronic issues such as
repeated traumas, disorganized lifestyles, stress, conflicted
relationship, and many others. People living in underprivileged
economic conditions stand higher in the possibility of suffering from
the issue than those living in better economic situations. Higher
socioeconomic status can serve as a potential protective factor for
individuals who have a history of trauma. Lower childhood
socioeconomic position is associated with increased risks of
maltreatment or adverse childhood experiences. Therefore, childhood
trauma has adverse negative impacts on family systems and childhood
Outcomes.
This study is very fundamental to families and society at large. The
impacts of childhood trauma in an individual's life are exceedingly
significant than mere problems faced during one's adulthood times.
Childhood trauma affects family systems through the creation of a
highly vicious cycle of historical trauma, which has adverse impacts
on families for very many generations. Understanding trauma and its
adverse impacts on family systems can serve as an initial step towards
breaking the cycle of historical trauma in family systems. This issue is
of sociological relevance in different ways since childhood trauma
may significantly affect adults and not manifest in the form of mere
family dysfunction or adversity. Childhood trauma could result in five
main health-related risks in an adult person's life. Among these
include obesity, depression, binge drinking, tobacco use, and
sometimes lead to self-reported sub-optimal health. Therefore, the
problem of childhood trauma significantly affects societies.
Literature Review
Bradley-Davino & Ruglass (n.d.) research reveals different facts about
issues of Trauma and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder among
economically disadvantaged populations. The study reveals that over
900 million people across different parts of the world live in extreme
poverty situations. Their study further reveals that over two billion
people are impoverished and survive on an income of less than $3.10
daily. The authors examined the impact of physical and behavioral
health on trauma for economically disadvantaged individuals. The
study reveals that economic disadvantage among different people is
associated with higher risks of repeated trauma, trauma beginning, or
experiencing trauma. More so, an economically disadvantaged
situation among populations is associated with an increased risk for
individuals suffering from trauma-related issues such as anxiety and
depression, or post-traumatic stress. This research study is in
agreement with various research studies previously conducted, which
reveal support that individuals having economically disadvantaged
lives have higher possibilities of suffering from trauma. Bradley-
Davino & Ruglass reveal that young children from economically
disadvantaged homes or societies stand higher risks of suffering from
"toxic stress response" resulting from severe or repeated adversity due
to lack of resources for the mitigation of the stressors in their lives.
The authors associated trauma with a retarded or low cognitive,
biological, and psychological development in the child, which also
increases the young child's risks of delayed development, physical and
emotional health issues. Such study results are of great significance in
this study since they reveal the actual impacts that childhood trauma
has childhood outcomes.
Collins et al. (2010) conducted a research study that focused on
examining the impact of urban poverty and trauma on the operation of
different family systems. The authors put a special focus on aspects
such as interventions, resilience, and risks. The authors reviewed
various clinical and research literature on how trauma affects family
systems in urban poverty. The main family subsystems that were
examined in the study include one's life as a child or an adult, parent-
child relationship, adult intimate relationship, sibling, and the overall
intergenerational relationships of an individual and the entire
operation of a family. Their study had the purpose of widening
trauma-informed care evidence-based information through putting a
strong focus on trauma-related familial responses and through
developing a foundational knowledge required in designing trauma-
specific and family-centered interventions that strengthen the ability
of any given family to cope, adapt and heal from past adversely
stressful events. Collins et-al study reveals essential findings to this
research study. Among their findings includes the fact that families
undergoing urban poverty often suffer from multiple traumas
throughout their respective lives. Such families have limited
opportunities to access resources that help in successful negotiations
with various traumatic experiences. Collins et al. revealed significant
results in agreement with the results obtained by Bradley-Davino &
Ruglass. Both studies reveal that people living under economically
disadvantaged lives have increased possibilities of suffering from
trauma in their lives. More so, the study revealed that repeated
exposure to traumatic events results in chronic or severe reactions in
various members of the facility, and its impacts extend more in-depth
into the entire family system. Their research confirms that the impacts
of childhood trauma affect all levels of the family system.
Economically disadvantaged families are affected by severe chronic
issues such as repeated traumas, disorganized lifestyles, stress,
conflicted relationship, and many others. This study's results are
significant for my research since they reveal the fact that childhood
trauma affects family systems.
Halfon et-al (2017) research reveals essential facts about income
inequality and the various differential impacts associated with adverse
experiences during childhood. The authors share that adverse
childhood experiences can have severe impacts on the health and
overall development of a child. The main objective of the research
study was to examine how ACEs continue manifesting at various
income levels of an individual, and how such economic-related pattern
influences the overall health and development of a young child. The
authors used the National Survey of Children's Health to obtain the
required information. The associations between the different variables
were further examined using both the bivariate and the multivariate
analyses. Their study revealed that there is an alignment of Adverse
Childhood Experiences along the income gradient. In contrast, those
occupying the bottom gradient have high possibilities of likelihood if
experiencing such adverse experiences. However, this study also
reveals that adverse childhood experiences also occur at all income
hierarchy levels and not necessarily to those living below the
threshold poverty level. This research study reveals essential facts that
are fundamental in this research paper. Notably, the study results align
with the study results shared by other researchers such as Bradley-
Davino & Ruglass, and Collines et al that there is a strong relationship
between one's economic status and the likelihood of an individual to
suffer from trauma or repeated trauma in adulthood. People living in
underprivileged economic conditions stand higher in the possibility of
suffering from the issue than those living in better economic
situations. Therefore, this research study is of considerable
significance to this research, and its insights can provide further
support to the already existing literature on the study topic.
Mock & Arai (2011) research reveals important facts about childhood
trauma and chronic illness during one's adulthood times. The authors
use socioeconomic status and mental health as the study's explanatory
factors and buffers. The authors agree with other research studies that
experiences of traumatic events during one's childhood times are
associated with some long-term consequences on individual general
health during adulthood times. The authors used research data
obtained from the Canadian Community Health Survey to examine the
potential impact of socioeconomic status and mental health during
adulthood times as potential mediators of the relationship between
chronic illness of an individual and childhood trauma. One’s
socioeconomic status and mental health status were also tested as
potential buffers against the exceedingly adverse childhood trauma
consequences. Their study revealed that one's socioeconomic status
and mental health partially support the fact that there is an association
between childhood trauma and chronic illness during adulthood times.
The study adds to other previous results by other researchers that
support the fact that higher socioeconomic status can serve as a
potential protective factor for individuals who have a history of
trauma. Notably, the study agrees with the research results obtained by
Collins et al. (2010), which share that people with a privileged social
and economic status have increased opportunities to access resources
that help them successfully negotiate with their respective traumatic
experiences. Therefore, poor economic living conditions increased
one's risk of suffering from trauma, even during adulthood. However,
such possibilities are limited if one is living an economically stable
life.
Walsh et al. (2019) share different facts concerning the relationship
between one's adverse childhood experiences and socioeconomic
position. The authors conducted a systematic review to study the facts
of the research study topic. Walsh et-al share that adverse childhood
experiences are likely to result in higher risks or adverse outcomes in
one's adulthood times. More so, various countries are making ACEs a
policy priority. The authors based their study on databases such as
ProQuest, Medline, and many others. The study reveals meaningful
statistical associations between one's Socioeconomic position during
childhood and adverse childhood experiences. The authors assert that
lower childhood socioeconomic position is associated with increased
risks of maltreatment or adverse childhood experiences. The study
supports research shared by the different research studies used in this
research paper on the fact that there is a relationship between one's
socioeconomic status, adverse childhood experiences and one's
possibility of suffering from trauma, an emergency of trauma or the
re-occurrence of trauma in one's later life. This study reveals
important facts that can be used in this research paper.
Conclusion
Childhood Trauma is one of the main issues that have significant
impacts on Family Systems and Childhood Outcomes. Childhood
trauma is an extended topic of discussion and therefore, can be
expanded concerning socioeconomic disadvantages such as poverty,
systemic stratification racism, and many others. Childhood trauma
affects family systems through the creation of a highly vicious cycle
of historical trauma, which has adverse impacts on families for very
many generations. Childhood trauma could result in health-related
risks in an adult person's life. Over two billion people are
impoverished and survive on an income of less than $3.10 daily.
Repeated exposures to traumatic events result in chronic or severe
reactions in various members of the facility, and its impacts extend
more in-depth into the entire family system. Economically
disadvantaged families are affected by severe chronic issues such as
repeated traumas, disorganized lifestyles, stress, conflicted
relationship, and many others. People living in underprivileged
economic conditions stand higher in the possibility of suffering from
the issue than those living in better economic situations. Higher
socioeconomic status can serve as a potential protective factor for
individuals who have a history of trauma. Lower childhood
socioeconomic position is associated with increased risks of
maltreatment or adverse childhood experiences. Therefore, childhood
trauma has adverse negative impacts on family systems and childhood
Outcomes.
This study is very fundamental to families and society at large. The
impacts of childhood trauma in an individual's life are exceedingly
significant than mere problems faced during one's adulthood times.
Childhood trauma affects family systems through the creation of a
highly vicious cycle of historical trauma, which has adverse impacts
on families for very many generations. Understanding trauma and its
adverse impacts on family systems can serve as an initial step towards
breaking the cycle of historical trauma in family systems. This issue is
of sociological relevance in different ways since childhood trauma
may significantly affect adults and not manifest in the form of mere
family dysfunction or adversity. Childhood trauma could result in five
main health-related risks in an adult person's life. Among these
include obesity, depression, binge drinking, tobacco use, and
sometimes lead to self-reported sub-optimal health. Therefore, the
problem of childhood trauma significantly affects societies.
Literature Review
Bradley-Davino & Ruglass (n.d.) research reveals different facts about
issues of Trauma and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder among
economically disadvantaged populations. The study reveals that over
900 million people across different parts of the world live in extreme
poverty situations. Their study further reveals that over two billion
people are impoverished and survive on an income of less than $3.10
daily. The authors examined the impact of physical and behavioral
health on trauma for economically disadvantaged individuals. The
study reveals that economic disadvantage among different people is
associated with higher risks of repeated trauma, trauma beginning, or
experiencing trauma. More so, an economically disadvantaged
situation among populations is associated with an increased risk for
individuals suffering from trauma-related issues such as anxiety and
depression, or post-traumatic stress. This research study is in
agreement with various research studies previously conducted, which
reveal support that individuals having economically disadvantaged
lives have higher possibilities of suffering from trauma. Bradley-
Davino & Ruglass reveal that young children from economically
disadvantaged homes or societies stand higher risks of suffering from
"toxic stress response" resulting from severe or repeated adversity due
to lack of resources for the mitigation of the stressors in their lives.
The authors associated trauma with a retarded or low cognitive,
biological, and psychological development in the child, which also
increases the young child's risks of delayed development, physical and
emotional health issues. Such study results are of great significance in
this study since they reveal the actual impacts that childhood trauma
has childhood outcomes.
Collins et al. (2010) conducted a research study that focused on
examining the impact of urban poverty and trauma on the operation of
different family systems. The authors put a special focus on aspects
such as interventions, resilience, and risks. The authors reviewed
various clinical and research literature on how trauma affects family
systems in urban poverty. The main family subsystems that were
examined in the study include one's life as a child or an adult, parent-
child relationship, adult intimate relationship, sibling, and the overall
intergenerational relationships of an individual and the entire
operation of a family. Their study had the purpose of widening
trauma-informed care evidence-based information through putting a
strong focus on trauma-related familial responses and through
developing a foundational knowledge required in designing trauma-
specific and family-centered interventions that strengthen the ability
of any given family to cope, adapt and heal from past adversely
stressful events. Collins et-al study reveals essential findings to this
research study. Among their findings includes the fact that families
undergoing urban poverty often suffer from multiple traumas
throughout their respective lives. Such families have limited
opportunities to access resources that help in successful negotiations
with various traumatic experiences. Collins et al. revealed significant
results in agreement with the results obtained by Bradley-Davino &
Ruglass. Both studies reveal that people living under economically
disadvantaged lives have increased possibilities of suffering from
trauma in their lives. More so, the study revealed that repeated
exposure to traumatic events results in chronic or severe reactions in
various members of the facility, and its impacts extend more in-depth
into the entire family system. Their research confirms that the impacts
of childhood trauma affect all levels of the family system.
Economically disadvantaged families are affected by severe chronic
issues such as repeated traumas, disorganized lifestyles, stress,
conflicted relationship, and many others. This study's results are
significant for my research since they reveal the fact that childhood
trauma affects family systems.
Halfon et-al (2017) research reveals essential facts about income
inequality and the various differential impacts associated with adverse
experiences during childhood. The authors share that adverse
childhood experiences can have severe impacts on the health and
overall development of a child. The main objective of the research
study was to examine how ACEs continue manifesting at various
income levels of an individual, and how such economic-related pattern
influences the overall health and development of a young child. The
authors used the National Survey of Children's Health to obtain the
required information. The associations between the different variables
were further examined using both the bivariate and the multivariate
analyses. Their study revealed that there is an alignment of Adverse
Childhood Experiences along the income gradient. In contrast, those
occupying the bottom gradient have high possibilities of likelihood if
experiencing such adverse experiences. However, this study also
reveals that adverse childhood experiences also occur at all income
hierarchy levels and not necessarily to those living below the
threshold poverty level. This research study reveals essential facts that
are fundamental in this research paper. Notably, the study results align
with the study results shared by other researchers such as Bradley-
Davino & Ruglass, and Collines et al that there is a strong relationship
between one's economic status and the likelihood of an individual to
suffer from trauma or repeated trauma in adulthood. People living in
underprivileged economic conditions stand higher in the possibility of
suffering from the issue than those living in better economic
situations. Therefore, this research study is of considerable
significance to this research, and its insights can provide further
support to the already existing literature on the study topic.
Mock & Arai (2011) research reveals important facts about childhood
trauma and chronic illness during one's adulthood times. The authors
use socioeconomic status and mental health as the study's explanatory
factors and buffers. The authors agree with other research studies that
experiences of traumatic events during one's childhood times are
associated with some long-term consequences on individual general
health during adulthood times. The authors used research data
obtained from the Canadian Community Health Survey to examine the
potential impact of socioeconomic status and mental health during
adulthood times as potential mediators of the relationship between
chronic illness of an individual and childhood trauma. One’s
socioeconomic status and mental health status were also tested as
potential buffers against the exceedingly adverse childhood trauma
consequences. Their study revealed that one's socioeconomic status
and mental health partially support the fact that there is an association
between childhood trauma and chronic illness during adulthood times.
The study adds to other previous results by other researchers that
support the fact that higher socioeconomic status can serve as a
potential protective factor for individuals who have a history of
trauma. Notably, the study agrees with the research results obtained by
Collins et al. (2010), which share that people with a privileged social
and economic status have increased opportunities to access resources
that help them successfully negotiate with their respective traumatic
experiences. Therefore, poor economic living conditions increased
one's risk of suffering from trauma, even during adulthood. However,
such possibilities are limited if one is living an economically stable
life.
Walsh et al. (2019) share different facts concerning the relationship
between one's adverse childhood experiences and socioeconomic
position. The authors conducted a systematic review to study the facts
of the research study topic. Walsh et-al share that adverse childhood
experiences are likely to result in higher risks or adverse outcomes in
one's adulthood times. More so, various countries are making ACEs a
policy priority. The authors based their study on databases such as
ProQuest, Medline, and many others. The study reveals meaningful
statistical associations between one's Socioeconomic position during
childhood and adverse childhood experiences. The authors assert that
lower childhood socioeconomic position is associated with increased
risks of maltreatment or adverse childhood experiences. The study
supports research shared by the different research studies used in this
research paper on the fact that there is a relationship between one's
socioeconomic status, adverse childhood experiences and one's
possibility of suffering from trauma, an emergency of trauma or the
re-occurrence of trauma in one's later life. This study reveals
important facts that can be used in this research paper.
Conclusion
Childhood Trauma is one of the main issues that have significant
impacts on Family Systems and Childhood Outcomes. Childhood
trauma is an extended topic of discussion and therefore, can be
expanded concerning socioeconomic disadvantages such as poverty,
systemic stratification racism, and many others. Childhood trauma
affects family systems through the creation of a highly vicious cycle
of historical trauma, which has adverse impacts on families for very
many generations. Childhood trauma could result in health-related
risks in an adult person's life. Over two billion people are
impoverished and survive on an income of less than $3.10 daily.
Repeated exposures to traumatic events result in chronic or severe
reactions in various members of the facility, and its impacts extend
more in-depth into the entire family system. Economically
disadvantaged families are affected by severe chronic issues such as
repeated traumas, disorganized lifestyles, stress, conflicted
relationship, and many others. People living in underprivileged
economic conditions stand higher in the possibility of suffering from
the issue than those living in better economic situations. Higher
socioeconomic status can serve as a potential protective factor for
individuals who have a history of trauma. Lower childhood
socioeconomic position is associated with increased risks of
maltreatment or adverse childhood experiences. Therefore, childhood
trauma has adverse negative impacts on family systems and childhood
Outcomes.
This study is very fundamental to families and society at large. The
impacts of childhood trauma in an individual's life are exceedingly
significant than mere problems faced during one's adulthood times.
Childhood trauma affects family systems through the creation of a
highly vicious cycle of historical trauma, which has adverse impacts
on families for very many generations. Understanding trauma and its
adverse impacts on family systems can serve as an initial step towards
breaking the cycle of historical trauma in family systems. This issue is
of sociological relevance in different ways since childhood trauma
may significantly affect adults and not manifest in the form of mere
family dysfunction or adversity. Childhood trauma could result in five
main health-related risks in an adult person's life. Among these
include obesity, depression, binge drinking, tobacco use, and
sometimes lead to self-reported sub-optimal health. Therefore, the
problem of childhood trauma significantly affects societies.
Literature Review
Bradley-Davino & Ruglass (n.d.) research reveals different facts about
issues of Trauma and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder among
economically disadvantaged populations. The study reveals that over
900 million people across different parts of the world live in extreme
poverty situations. Their study further reveals that over two billion
people are impoverished and survive on an income of less than $3.10
daily. The authors examined the impact of physical and behavioral
health on trauma for economically disadvantaged individuals. The
study reveals that economic disadvantage among different people is
associated with higher risks of repeated trauma, trauma beginning, or
experiencing trauma. More so, an economically disadvantaged
situation among populations is associated with an increased risk for
individuals suffering from trauma-related issues such as anxiety and
depression, or post-traumatic stress. This research study is in
agreement with various research studies previously conducted, which
reveal support that individuals having economically disadvantaged
lives have higher possibilities of suffering from trauma. Bradley-
Davino & Ruglass reveal that young children from economically
disadvantaged homes or societies stand higher risks of suffering from
"toxic stress response" resulting from severe or repeated adversity due
to lack of resources for the mitigation of the stressors in their lives.
The authors associated trauma with a retarded or low cognitive,
biological, and psychological development in the child, which also
increases the young child's risks of delayed development, physical and
emotional health issues. Such study results are of great significance in
this study since they reveal the actual impacts that childhood trauma
has childhood outcomes.
Collins et al. (2010) conducted a research study that focused on
examining the impact of urban poverty and trauma on the operation of
different family systems. The authors put a special focus on aspects
such as interventions, resilience, and risks. The authors reviewed
various clinical and research literature on how trauma affects family
systems in urban poverty. The main family subsystems that were
examined in the study include one's life as a child or an adult, parent-
child relationship, adult intimate relationship, sibling, and the overall
intergenerational relationships of an individual and the entire
operation of a family. Their study had the purpose of widening
trauma-informed care evidence-based information through putting a
strong focus on trauma-related familial responses and through
developing a foundational knowledge required in designing trauma-
specific and family-centered interventions that strengthen the ability
of any given family to cope, adapt and heal from past adversely
stressful events. Collins et-al study reveals essential findings to this
research study. Among their findings includes the fact that families
undergoing urban poverty often suffer from multiple traumas
throughout their respective lives. Such families have limited
opportunities to access resources that help in successful negotiations
with various traumatic experiences. Collins et al. revealed significant
results in agreement with the results obtained by Bradley-Davino &
Ruglass. Both studies reveal that people living under economically
disadvantaged lives have increased possibilities of suffering from
trauma in their lives. More so, the study revealed that repeated
exposure to traumatic events results in chronic or severe reactions in
various members of the facility, and its impacts extend more in-depth
into the entire family system. Their research confirms that the impacts
of childhood trauma affect all levels of the family system.
Economically disadvantaged families are affected by severe chronic
issues such as repeated traumas, disorganized lifestyles, stress,
conflicted relationship, and many others. This study's results are
significant for my research since they reveal the fact that childhood
trauma affects family systems.
Halfon et-al (2017) research reveals essential facts about income
inequality and the various differential impacts associated with adverse
experiences during childhood. The authors share that adverse
childhood experiences can have severe impacts on the health and
overall development of a child. The main objective of the research
study was to examine how ACEs continue manifesting at various
income levels of an individual, and how such economic-related pattern
influences the overall health and development of a young child. The
authors used the National Survey of Children's Health to obtain the
required information. The associations between the different variables
were further examined using both the bivariate and the multivariate
analyses. Their study revealed that there is an alignment of Adverse
Childhood Experiences along the income gradient. In contrast, those
occupying the bottom gradient have high possibilities of likelihood if
experiencing such adverse experiences. However, this study also
reveals that adverse childhood experiences also occur at all income
hierarchy levels and not necessarily to those living below the
threshold poverty level. This research study reveals essential facts that
are fundamental in this research paper. Notably, the study results align
with the study results shared by other researchers such as Bradley-
Davino & Ruglass, and Collines et al that there is a strong relationship
between one's economic status and the likelihood of an individual to
suffer from trauma or repeated trauma in adulthood. People living in
underprivileged economic conditions stand higher in the possibility of
suffering from the issue than those living in better economic
situations. Therefore, this research study is of considerable
significance to this research, and its insights can provide further
support to the already existing literature on the study topic.
Mock & Arai (2011) research reveals important facts about childhood
trauma and chronic illness during one's adulthood times. The authors
use socioeconomic status and mental health as the study's explanatory
factors and buffers. The authors agree with other research studies that
experiences of traumatic events during one's childhood times are
associated with some long-term consequences on individual general
health during adulthood times. The authors used research data
obtained from the Canadian Community Health Survey to examine the
potential impact of socioeconomic status and mental health during
adulthood times as potential mediators of the relationship between
chronic illness of an individual and childhood trauma. One’s
socioeconomic status and mental health status were also tested as
potential buffers against the exceedingly adverse childhood trauma
consequences. Their study revealed that one's socioeconomic status
and mental health partially support the fact that there is an association
between childhood trauma and chronic illness during adulthood times.
The study adds to other previous results by other researchers that
support the fact that higher socioeconomic status can serve as a
potential protective factor for individuals who have a history of
trauma. Notably, the study agrees with the research results obtained by
Collins et al. (2010), which share that people with a privileged social
and economic status have increased opportunities to access resources
that help them successfully negotiate with their respective traumatic
experiences. Therefore, poor economic living conditions increased
one's risk of suffering from trauma, even during adulthood. However,
such possibilities are limited if one is living an economically stable
life.
Walsh et al. (2019) share different facts concerning the relationship
between one's adverse childhood experiences and socioeconomic
position. The authors conducted a systematic review to study the facts
of the research study topic. Walsh et-al share that adverse childhood
experiences are likely to result in higher risks or adverse outcomes in
one's adulthood times. More so, various countries are making ACEs a
policy priority. The authors based their study on databases such as
ProQuest, Medline, and many others. The study reveals meaningful
statistical associations between one's Socioeconomic position during
childhood and adverse childhood experiences. The authors assert that
lower childhood socioeconomic position is associated with increased
risks of maltreatment or adverse childhood experiences. The study
supports research shared by the different research studies used in this
research paper on the fact that there is a relationship between one's
socioeconomic status, adverse childhood experiences and one's
possibility of suffering from trauma, an emergency of trauma or the
re-occurrence of trauma in one's later life. This study reveals
important facts that can be used in this research paper.
Conclusion
Childhood Trauma is one of the main issues that have significant
impacts on Family Systems and Childhood Outcomes. Childhood
trauma is an extended topic of discussion and therefore, can be
expanded concerning socioeconomic disadvantages such as poverty,
systemic stratification racism, and many others. Childhood trauma
affects family systems through the creation of a highly vicious cycle
of historical trauma, which has adverse impacts on families for very
many generations. Childhood trauma could result in health-related
risks in an adult person's life. Over two billion people are
impoverished and survive on an income of less than $3.10 daily.
Repeated exposures to traumatic events result in chronic or severe
reactions in various members of the facility, and its impacts extend
more in-depth into the entire family system. Economically
disadvantaged families are affected by severe chronic issues such as
repeated traumas, disorganized lifestyles, stress, conflicted
relationship, and many others. People living in underprivileged
economic conditions stand higher in the possibility of suffering from
the issue than those living in better economic situations. Higher
socioeconomic status can serve as a potential protective factor for
individuals who have a history of trauma. Lower childhood
socioeconomic position is associated with increased risks of
maltreatment or adverse childhood experiences. Therefore, childhood
trauma has adverse negative impacts on family systems and childhood
Outcomes.
This study is very fundamental to families and society at large. The
impacts of childhood trauma in an individual's life are exceedingly
significant than mere problems faced during one's adulthood times.
Childhood trauma affects family systems through the creation of a
highly vicious cycle of historical trauma, which has adverse impacts
on families for very many generations. Understanding trauma and its
adverse impacts on family systems can serve as an initial step towards
breaking the cycle of historical trauma in family systems. This issue is
of sociological relevance in different ways since childhood trauma
may significantly affect adults and not manifest in the form of mere
family dysfunction or adversity. Childhood trauma could result in five
main health-related risks in an adult person's life. Among these
include obesity, depression, binge drinking, tobacco use, and
sometimes lead to self-reported sub-optimal health. Therefore, the
problem of childhood trauma significantly affects societies.
Literature Review
Bradley-Davino & Ruglass (n.d.) research reveals different facts about
issues of Trauma and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder among
economically disadvantaged populations. The study reveals that over
900 million people across different parts of the world live in extreme
poverty situations. Their study further reveals that over two billion
people are impoverished and survive on an income of less than $3.10
daily. The authors examined the impact of physical and behavioral
health on trauma for economically disadvantaged individuals. The
study reveals that economic disadvantage among different people is
associated with higher risks of repeated trauma, trauma beginning, or
experiencing trauma. More so, an economically disadvantaged
situation among populations is associated with an increased risk for
individuals suffering from trauma-related issues such as anxiety and
depression, or post-traumatic stress. This research study is in
agreement with various research studies previously conducted, which
reveal support that individuals having economically disadvantaged
lives have higher possibilities of suffering from trauma. Bradley-
Davino & Ruglass reveal that young children from economically
disadvantaged homes or societies stand higher risks of suffering from
"toxic stress response" resulting from severe or repeated adversity due
to lack of resources for the mitigation of the stressors in their lives.
The authors associated trauma with a retarded or low cognitive,
biological, and psychological development in the child, which also
increases the young child's risks of delayed development, physical and
emotional health issues. Such study results are of great significance in
this study since they reveal the actual impacts that childhood trauma
has childhood outcomes.
Collins et al. (2010) conducted a research study that focused on
examining the impact of urban poverty and trauma on the operation of
different family systems. The authors put a special focus on aspects
such as interventions, resilience, and risks. The authors reviewed
various clinical and research literature on how trauma affects family
systems in urban poverty. The main family subsystems that were
examined in the study include one's life as a child or an adult, parent-
child relationship, adult intimate relationship, sibling, and the overall
intergenerational relationships of an individual and the entire
operation of a family. Their study had the purpose of widening
trauma-informed care evidence-based information through putting a
strong focus on trauma-related familial responses and through
developing a foundational knowledge required in designing trauma-
specific and family-centered interventions that strengthen the ability
of any given family to cope, adapt and heal from past adversely
stressful events. Collins et-al study reveals essential findings to this
research study. Among their findings includes the fact that families
undergoing urban poverty often suffer from multiple traumas
throughout their respective lives. Such families have limited
opportunities to access resources that help in successful negotiations
with various traumatic experiences. Collins et al. revealed significant
results in agreement with the results obtained by Bradley-Davino &
Ruglass. Both studies reveal that people living under economically
disadvantaged lives have increased possibilities of suffering from
trauma in their lives. More so, the study revealed that repeated
exposure to traumatic events results in chronic or severe reactions in
various members of the facility, and its impacts extend more in-depth
into the entire family system. Their research confirms that the impacts
of childhood trauma affect all levels of the family system.
Economically disadvantaged families are affected by severe chronic
issues such as repeated traumas, disorganized lifestyles, stress,
conflicted relationship, and many others. This study's results are
significant for my research since they reveal the fact that childhood
trauma affects family systems.
Halfon et-al (2017) research reveals essential facts about income
inequality and the various differential impacts associated with adverse
experiences during childhood. The authors share that adverse
childhood experiences can have severe impacts on the health and
overall development of a child. The main objective of the research
study was to examine how ACEs continue manifesting at various
income levels of an individual, and how such economic-related pattern
influences the overall health and development of a young child. The
authors used the National Survey of Children's Health to obtain the
required information. The associations between the different variables
were further examined using both the bivariate and the multivariate
analyses. Their study revealed that there is an alignment of Adverse
Childhood Experiences along the income gradient. In contrast, those
occupying the bottom gradient have high possibilities of likelihood if
experiencing such adverse experiences. However, this study also
reveals that adverse childhood experiences also occur at all income
hierarchy levels and not necessarily to those living below the
threshold poverty level. This research study reveals essential facts that
are fundamental in this research paper. Notably, the study results align
with the study results shared by other researchers such as Bradley-
Davino & Ruglass, and Collines et al that there is a strong relationship
between one's economic status and the likelihood of an individual to
suffer from trauma or repeated trauma in adulthood. People living in
underprivileged economic conditions stand higher in the possibility of
suffering from the issue than those living in better economic
situations. Therefore, this research study is of considerable
significance to this research, and its insights can provide further
support to the already existing literature on the study topic.
Mock & Arai (2011) research reveals important facts about childhood
trauma and chronic illness during one's adulthood times. The authors
use socioeconomic status and mental health as the study's explanatory
factors and buffers. The authors agree with other research studies that
experiences of traumatic events during one's childhood times are
associated with some long-term consequences on individual general
health during adulthood times. The authors used research data
obtained from the Canadian Community Health Survey to examine the
potential impact of socioeconomic status and mental health during
adulthood times as potential mediators of the relationship between
chronic illness of an individual and childhood trauma. One’s
socioeconomic status and mental health status were also tested as
potential buffers against the exceedingly adverse childhood trauma
consequences. Their study revealed that one's socioeconomic status
and mental health partially support the fact that there is an association
between childhood trauma and chronic illness during adulthood times.
The study adds to other previous results by other researchers that
support the fact that higher socioeconomic status can serve as a
potential protective factor for individuals who have a history of
trauma. Notably, the study agrees with the research results obtained by
Collins et al. (2010), which share that people with a privileged social
and economic status have increased opportunities to access resources
that help them successfully negotiate with their respective traumatic
experiences. Therefore, poor economic living conditions increased
one's risk of suffering from trauma, even during adulthood. However,
such possibilities are limited if one is living an economically stable
life.
Walsh et al. (2019) share different facts concerning the relationship
between one's adverse childhood experiences and socioeconomic
position. The authors conducted a systematic review to study the facts
of the research study topic. Walsh et-al share that adverse childhood
experiences are likely to result in higher risks or adverse outcomes in
one's adulthood times. More so, various countries are making ACEs a
policy priority. The authors based their study on databases such as
ProQuest, Medline, and many others. The study reveals meaningful
statistical associations between one's Socioeconomic position during
childhood and adverse childhood experiences. The authors assert that
lower childhood socioeconomic position is associated with increased
risks of maltreatment or adverse childhood experiences. The study
supports research shared by the different research studies used in this
research paper on the fact that there is a relationship between one's
socioeconomic status, adverse childhood experiences and one's
possibility of suffering from trauma, an emergency of trauma or the
re-occurrence of trauma in one's later life. This study reveals
important facts that can be used in this research paper.
Conclusion
Childhood Trauma is one of the main issues that have significant
impacts on Family Systems and Childhood Outcomes. Childhood
trauma is an extended topic of discussion and therefore, can be
expanded concerning socioeconomic disadvantages such as poverty,
systemic stratification racism, and many others. Childhood trauma
affects family systems through the creation of a highly vicious cycle
of historical trauma, which has adverse impacts on families for very
many generations. Childhood trauma could result in health-related
risks in an adult person's life. Over two billion people are
impoverished and survive on an income of less than $3.10 daily.
Repeated exposures to traumatic events result in chronic or severe
reactions in various members of the facility, and its impacts extend
more in-depth into the entire family system. Economically
disadvantaged families are affected by severe chronic issues such as
repeated traumas, disorganized lifestyles, stress, conflicted
relationship, and many others. People living in underprivileged
economic conditions stand higher in the possibility of suffering from
the issue than those living in better economic situations. Higher
socioeconomic status can serve as a potential protective factor for
individuals who have a history of trauma. Lower childhood
socioeconomic position is associated with increased risks of
maltreatment or adverse childhood experiences. Therefore, childhood
trauma has adverse negative impacts on family systems and childhood
Outcomes.
This study is very fundamental to families and society at large. The
impacts of childhood trauma in an individual's life are exceedingly
significant than mere problems faced during one's adulthood times.
Childhood trauma affects family systems through the creation of a
highly vicious cycle of historical trauma, which has adverse impacts
on families for very many generations. Understanding trauma and its
adverse impacts on family systems can serve as an initial step towards
breaking the cycle of historical trauma in family systems. This issue is
of sociological relevance in different ways since childhood trauma
may significantly affect adults and not manifest in the form of mere
family dysfunction or adversity. Childhood trauma could result in five
main health-related risks in an adult person's life. Among these
include obesity, depression, binge drinking, tobacco use, and
sometimes lead to self-reported sub-optimal health. Therefore, the
problem of childhood trauma significantly affects societies.
Literature Review
Bradley-Davino & Ruglass (n.d.) research reveals different facts about
issues of Trauma and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder among
economically disadvantaged populations. The study reveals that over
900 million people across different parts of the world live in extreme
poverty situations. Their study further reveals that over two billion
people are impoverished and survive on an income of less than $3.10
daily. The authors examined the impact of physical and behavioral
health on trauma for economically disadvantaged individuals. The
study reveals that economic disadvantage among different people is
associated with higher risks of repeated trauma, trauma beginning, or
experiencing trauma. More so, an economically disadvantaged
situation among populations is associated with an increased risk for
individuals suffering from trauma-related issues such as anxiety and
depression, or post-traumatic stress. This research study is in
agreement with various research studies previously conducted, which
reveal support that individuals having economically disadvantaged
lives have higher possibilities of suffering from trauma. Bradley-
Davino & Ruglass reveal that young children from economically
disadvantaged homes or societies stand higher risks of suffering from
"toxic stress response" resulting from severe or repeated adversity due
to lack of resources for the mitigation of the stressors in their lives.
The authors associated trauma with a retarded or low cognitive,
biological, and psychological development in the child, which also
increases the young child's risks of delayed development, physical and
emotional health issues. Such study results are of great significance in
this study since they reveal the actual impacts that childhood trauma
has childhood outcomes.
Collins et al. (2010) conducted a research study that focused on
examining the impact of urban poverty and trauma on the operation of
different family systems. The authors put a special focus on aspects
such as interventions, resilience, and risks. The authors reviewed
various clinical and research literature on how trauma affects family
systems in urban poverty. The main family subsystems that were
examined in the study include one's life as a child or an adult, parent-
child relationship, adult intimate relationship, sibling, and the overall
intergenerational relationships of an individual and the entire
operation of a family. Their study had the purpose of widening
trauma-informed care evidence-based information through putting a
strong focus on trauma-related familial responses and through
developing a foundational knowledge required in designing trauma-
specific and family-centered interventions that strengthen the ability
of any given family to cope, adapt and heal from past adversely
stressful events. Collins et-al study reveals essential findings to this
research study. Among their findings includes the fact that families
undergoing urban poverty often suffer from multiple traumas
throughout their respective lives. Such families have limited
opportunities to access resources that help in successful negotiations
with various traumatic experiences. Collins et al. revealed significant
results in agreement with the results obtained by Bradley-Davino &
Ruglass. Both studies reveal that people living under economically
disadvantaged lives have increased possibilities of suffering from
trauma in their lives. More so, the study revealed that repeated
exposure to traumatic events results in chronic or severe reactions in
various members of the facility, and its impacts extend more in-depth
into the entire family system. Their research confirms that the impacts
of childhood trauma affect all levels of the family system.
Economically disadvantaged families are affected by severe chronic
issues such as repeated traumas, disorganized lifestyles, stress,
conflicted relationship, and many others. This study's results are
significant for my research since they reveal the fact that childhood
trauma affects family systems.
Halfon et-al (2017) research reveals essential facts about income
inequality and the various differential impacts associated with adverse
experiences during childhood. The authors share that adverse
childhood experiences can have severe impacts on the health and
overall development of a child. The main objective of the research
study was to examine how ACEs continue manifesting at various
income levels of an individual, and how such economic-related pattern
influences the overall health and development of a young child. The
authors used the National Survey of Children's Health to obtain the
required information. The associations between the different variables
were further examined using both the bivariate and the multivariate
analyses. Their study revealed that there is an alignment of Adverse
Childhood Experiences along the income gradient. In contrast, those
occupying the bottom gradient have high possibilities of likelihood if
experiencing such adverse experiences. However, this study also
reveals that adverse childhood experiences also occur at all income
hierarchy levels and not necessarily to those living below the
threshold poverty level. This research study reveals essential facts that
are fundamental in this research paper. Notably, the study results align
with the study results shared by other researchers such as Bradley-
Davino & Ruglass, and Collines et al that there is a strong relationship
between one's economic status and the likelihood of an individual to
suffer from trauma or repeated trauma in adulthood. People living in
underprivileged economic conditions stand higher in the possibility of
suffering from the issue than those living in better economic
situations. Therefore, this research study is of considerable
significance to this research, and its insights can provide further
support to the already existing literature on the study topic.
Mock & Arai (2011) research reveals important facts about childhood
trauma and chronic illness during one's adulthood times. The authors
use socioeconomic status and mental health as the study's explanatory
factors and buffers. The authors agree with other research studies that
experiences of traumatic events during one's childhood times are
associated with some long-term consequences on individual general
health during adulthood times. The authors used research data
obtained from the Canadian Community Health Survey to examine the
potential impact of socioeconomic status and mental health during
adulthood times as potential mediators of the relationship between
chronic illness of an individual and childhood trauma. One’s
socioeconomic status and mental health status were also tested as
potential buffers against the exceedingly adverse childhood trauma
consequences. Their study revealed that one's socioeconomic status
and mental health partially support the fact that there is an association
between childhood trauma and chronic illness during adulthood times.
The study adds to other previous results by other researchers that
support the fact that higher socioeconomic status can serve as a
potential protective factor for individuals who have a history of
trauma. Notably, the study agrees with the research results obtained by
Collins et al. (2010), which share that people with a privileged social
and economic status have increased opportunities to access resources
that help them successfully negotiate with their respective traumatic
experiences. Therefore, poor economic living conditions increased
one's risk of suffering from trauma, even during adulthood. However,
such possibilities are limited if one is living an economically stable
life.
Walsh et al. (2019) share different facts concerning the relationship
between one's adverse childhood experiences and socioeconomic
position. The authors conducted a systematic review to study the facts
of the research study topic. Walsh et-al share that adverse childhood
experiences are likely to result in higher risks or adverse outcomes in
one's adulthood times. More so, various countries are making ACEs a
policy priority. The authors based their study on databases such as
ProQuest, Medline, and many others. The study reveals meaningful
statistical associations between one's Socioeconomic position during
childhood and adverse childhood experiences. The authors assert that
lower childhood socioeconomic position is associated with increased
risks of maltreatment or adverse childhood experiences. The study
supports research shared by the different research studies used in this
research paper on the fact that there is a relationship between one's
socioeconomic status, adverse childhood experiences and one's
possibility of suffering from trauma, an emergency of trauma or the
re-occurrence of trauma in one's later life. This study reveals
important facts that can be used in this research paper.
Conclusion
Childhood Trauma is one of the main issues that have significant
impacts on Family Systems and Childhood Outcomes. Childhood
trauma is an extended topic of discussion and therefore, can be
expanded concerning socioeconomic disadvantages such as poverty,
systemic stratification racism, and many others. Childhood trauma
affects family systems through the creation of a highly vicious cycle
of historical trauma, which has adverse impacts on families for very
many generations. Childhood trauma could result in health-related
risks in an adult person's life. Over two billion people are
impoverished and survive on an income of less than $3.10 daily.
Repeated exposures to traumatic events result in chronic or severe
reactions in various members of the facility, and its impacts extend
more in-depth into the entire family system. Economically
disadvantaged families are affected by severe chronic issues such as
repeated traumas, disorganized lifestyles, stress, conflicted
relationship, and many others. People living in underprivileged
economic conditions stand higher in the possibility of suffering from
the issue than those living in better economic situations. Higher
socioeconomic status can serve as a potential protective factor for
individuals who have a history of trauma. Lower childhood
socioeconomic position is associated with increased risks of
maltreatment or adverse childhood experiences. Therefore, childhood
trauma has adverse negative impacts on family systems and childhood
Outcomes.
This study is very fundamental to families and society at large. The
impacts of childhood trauma in an individual's life are exceedingly
significant than mere problems faced during one's adulthood times.
Childhood trauma affects family systems through the creation of a
highly vicious cycle of historical trauma, which has adverse impacts
on families for very many generations. Understanding trauma and its
adverse impacts on family systems can serve as an initial step towards
breaking the cycle of historical trauma in family systems. This issue is
of sociological relevance in different ways since childhood trauma
may significantly affect adults and not manifest in the form of mere
family dysfunction or adversity. Childhood trauma could result in five
main health-related risks in an adult person's life. Among these
include obesity, depression, binge drinking, tobacco use, and
sometimes lead to self-reported sub-optimal health. Therefore, the
problem of childhood trauma significantly affects societies.
Literature Review
Bradley-Davino & Ruglass (n.d.) research reveals different facts about
issues of Trauma and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder among
economically disadvantaged populations. The study reveals that over
900 million people across different parts of the world live in extreme
poverty situations. Their study further reveals that over two billion
people are impoverished and survive on an income of less than $3.10
daily. The authors examined the impact of physical and behavioral
health on trauma for economically disadvantaged individuals. The
study reveals that economic disadvantage among different people is
associated with higher risks of repeated trauma, trauma beginning, or
experiencing trauma. More so, an economically disadvantaged
situation among populations is associated with an increased risk for
individuals suffering from trauma-related issues such as anxiety and
depression, or post-traumatic stress. This research study is in
agreement with various research studies previously conducted, which
reveal support that individuals having economically disadvantaged
lives have higher possibilities of suffering from trauma. Bradley-
Davino & Ruglass reveal that young children from economically
disadvantaged homes or societies stand higher risks of suffering from
"toxic stress response" resulting from severe or repeated adversity due
to lack of resources for the mitigation of the stressors in their lives.
The authors associated trauma with a retarded or low cognitive,
biological, and psychological development in the child, which also
increases the young child's risks of delayed development, physical and
emotional health issues. Such study results are of great significance in
this study since they reveal the actual impacts that childhood trauma
has childhood outcomes.
Collins et al. (2010) conducted a research study that focused on
examining the impact of urban poverty and trauma on the operation of
different family systems. The authors put a special focus on aspects
such as interventions, resilience, and risks. The authors reviewed
various clinical and research literature on how trauma affects family
systems in urban poverty. The main family subsystems that were
examined in the study include one's life as a child or an adult, parent-
child relationship, adult intimate relationship, sibling, and the overall
intergenerational relationships of an individual and the entire
operation of a family. Their study had the purpose of widening
trauma-informed care evidence-based information through putting a
strong focus on trauma-related familial responses and through
developing a foundational knowledge required in designing trauma-
specific and family-centered interventions that strengthen the ability
of any given family to cope, adapt and heal from past adversely
stressful events. Collins et-al study reveals essential findings to this
research study. Among their findings includes the fact that families
undergoing urban poverty often suffer from multiple traumas
throughout their respective lives. Such families have limited
opportunities to access resources that help in successful negotiations
with various traumatic experiences. Collins et al. revealed significant
results in agreement with the results obtained by Bradley-Davino &
Ruglass. Both studies reveal that people living under economically
disadvantaged lives have increased possibilities of suffering from
trauma in their lives. More so, the study revealed that repeated
exposure to traumatic events results in chronic or severe reactions in
various members of the facility, and its impacts extend more in-depth
into the entire family system. Their research confirms that the impacts
of childhood trauma affect all levels of the family system.
Economically disadvantaged families are affected by severe chronic
issues such as repeated traumas, disorganized lifestyles, stress,
conflicted relationship, and many others. This study's results are
significant for my research since they reveal the fact that childhood
trauma affects family systems.
Halfon et-al (2017) research reveals essential facts about income
inequality and the various differential impacts associated with adverse
experiences during childhood. The authors share that adverse
childhood experiences can have severe impacts on the health and
overall development of a child. The main objective of the research
study was to examine how ACEs continue manifesting at various
income levels of an individual, and how such economic-related pattern
influences the overall health and development of a young child. The
authors used the National Survey of Children's Health to obtain the
required information. The associations between the different variables
were further examined using both the bivariate and the multivariate
analyses. Their study revealed that there is an alignment of Adverse
Childhood Experiences along the income gradient. In contrast, those
occupying the bottom gradient have high possibilities of likelihood if
experiencing such adverse experiences. However, this study also
reveals that adverse childhood experiences also occur at all income
hierarchy levels and not necessarily to those living below the
threshold poverty level. This research study reveals essential facts that
are fundamental in this research paper. Notably, the study results align
with the study results shared by other researchers such as Bradley-
Davino & Ruglass, and Collines et al that there is a strong relationship
between one's economic status and the likelihood of an individual to
suffer from trauma or repeated trauma in adulthood. People living in
underprivileged economic conditions stand higher in the possibility of
suffering from the issue than those living in better economic
situations. Therefore, this research study is of considerable
significance to this research, and its insights can provide further
support to the already existing literature on the study topic.
Mock & Arai (2011) research reveals important facts about childhood
trauma and chronic illness during one's adulthood times. The authors
use socioeconomic status and mental health as the study's explanatory
factors and buffers. The authors agree with other research studies that
experiences of traumatic events during one's childhood times are
associated with some long-term consequences on individual general
health during adulthood times. The authors used research data
obtained from the Canadian Community Health Survey to examine the
potential impact of socioeconomic status and mental health during
adulthood times as potential mediators of the relationship between
chronic illness of an individual and childhood trauma. One’s
socioeconomic status and mental health status were also tested as
potential buffers against the exceedingly adverse childhood trauma
consequences. Their study revealed that one's socioeconomic status
and mental health partially support the fact that there is an association
between childhood trauma and chronic illness during adulthood times.
The study adds to other previous results by other researchers that
support the fact that higher socioeconomic status can serve as a
potential protective factor for individuals who have a history of
trauma. Notably, the study agrees with the research results obtained by
Collins et al. (2010), which share that people with a privileged social
and economic status have increased opportunities to access resources
that help them successfully negotiate with their respective traumatic
experiences. Therefore, poor economic living conditions increased
one's risk of suffering from trauma, even during adulthood. However,
such possibilities are limited if one is living an economically stable
life.
Walsh et al. (2019) share different facts concerning the relationship
between one's adverse childhood experiences and socioeconomic
position. The authors conducted a systematic review to study the facts
of the research study topic. Walsh et-al share that adverse childhood
experiences are likely to result in higher risks or adverse outcomes in
one's adulthood times. More so, various countries are making ACEs a
policy priority. The authors based their study on databases such as
ProQuest, Medline, and many others. The study reveals meaningful
statistical associations between one's Socioeconomic position during
childhood and adverse childhood experiences. The authors assert that
lower childhood socioeconomic position is associated with increased
risks of maltreatment or adverse childhood experiences. The study
supports research shared by the different research studies used in this
research paper on the fact that there is a relationship between one's
socioeconomic status, adverse childhood experiences and one's
possibility of suffering from trauma, an emergency of trauma or the
re-occurrence of trauma in one's later life. This study reveals
important facts that can be used in this research paper.
Conclusion
Childhood Trauma is one of the main issues that have significant
impacts on Family Systems and Childhood Outcomes. Childhood
trauma is an extended topic of discussion and therefore, can be
expanded concerning socioeconomic disadvantages such as poverty,
systemic stratification racism, and many others. Childhood trauma
affects family systems through the creation of a highly vicious cycle
of historical trauma, which has adverse impacts on families for very
many generations. Childhood trauma could result in health-related
risks in an adult person's life. Over two billion people are
impoverished and survive on an income of less than $3.10 daily.
Repeated exposures to traumatic events result in chronic or severe
reactions in various members of the facility, and its impacts extend
more in-depth into the entire family system. Economically
disadvantaged families are affected by severe chronic issues such as
repeated traumas, disorganized lifestyles, stress, conflicted
relationship, and many others. People living in underprivileged
economic conditions stand higher in the possibility of suffering from
the issue than those living in better economic situations. Higher
socioeconomic status can serve as a potential protective factor for
individuals who have a history of trauma. Lower childhood
socioeconomic position is associated with increased risks of
maltreatment or adverse childhood experiences. Therefore, childhood
trauma has adverse negative impacts on family systems and childhood
Outcomes.
This study is very fundamental to families and society at large. The
impacts of childhood trauma in an individual's life are exceedingly
significant than mere problems faced during one's adulthood times.
Childhood trauma affects family systems through the creation of a
highly vicious cycle of historical trauma, which has adverse impacts
on families for very many generations. Understanding trauma and its
adverse impacts on family systems can serve as an initial step towards
breaking the cycle of historical trauma in family systems. This issue is
of sociological relevance in different ways since childhood trauma
may significantly affect adults and not manifest in the form of mere
family dysfunction or adversity. Childhood trauma could result in five
main health-related risks in an adult person's life. Among these
include obesity, depression, binge drinking, tobacco use, and
sometimes lead to self-reported sub-optimal health. Therefore, the
problem of childhood trauma significantly affects societies.
Literature Review
Bradley-Davino & Ruglass (n.d.) research reveals different facts about
issues of Trauma and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder among
economically disadvantaged populations. The study reveals that over
900 million people across different parts of the world live in extreme
poverty situations. Their study further reveals that over two billion
people are impoverished and survive on an income of less than $3.10
daily. The authors examined the impact of physical and behavioral
health on trauma for economically disadvantaged individuals. The
study reveals that economic disadvantage among different people is
associated with higher risks of repeated trauma, trauma beginning, or
experiencing trauma. More so, an economically disadvantaged
situation among populations is associated with an increased risk for
individuals suffering from trauma-related issues such as anxiety and
depression, or post-traumatic stress. This research study is in
agreement with various research studies previously conducted, which
reveal support that individuals having economically disadvantaged
lives have higher possibilities of suffering from trauma. Bradley-
Davino & Ruglass reveal that young children from economically
disadvantaged homes or societies stand higher risks of suffering from
"toxic stress response" resulting from severe or repeated adversity due
to lack of resources for the mitigation of the stressors in their lives.
The authors associated trauma with a retarded or low cognitive,
biological, and psychological development in the child, which also
increases the young child's risks of delayed development, physical and
emotional health issues. Such study results are of great significance in
this study since they reveal the actual impacts that childhood trauma
has childhood outcomes.
Collins et al. (2010) conducted a research study that focused on
examining the impact of urban poverty and trauma on the operation of
different family systems. The authors put a special focus on aspects
such as interventions, resilience, and risks. The authors reviewed
various clinical and research literature on how trauma affects family
systems in urban poverty. The main family subsystems that were
examined in the study include one's life as a child or an adult, parent-
child relationship, adult intimate relationship, sibling, and the overall
intergenerational relationships of an individual and the entire
operation of a family. Their study had the purpose of widening
trauma-informed care evidence-based information through putting a
strong focus on trauma-related familial responses and through
developing a foundational knowledge required in designing trauma-
specific and family-centered interventions that strengthen the ability
of any given family to cope, adapt and heal from past adversely
stressful events. Collins et-al study reveals essential findings to this
research study. Among their findings includes the fact that families
undergoing urban poverty often suffer from multiple traumas
throughout their respective lives. Such families have limited
opportunities to access resources that help in successful negotiations
with various traumatic experiences. Collins et al. revealed significant
results in agreement with the results obtained by Bradley-Davino &
Ruglass. Both studies reveal that people living under economically
disadvantaged lives have increased possibilities of suffering from
trauma in their lives. More so, the study revealed that repeated
exposure to traumatic events results in chronic or severe reactions in
various members of the facility, and its impacts extend more in-depth
into the entire family system. Their research confirms that the impacts
of childhood trauma affect all levels of the family system.
Economically disadvantaged families are affected by severe chronic
issues such as repeated traumas, disorganized lifestyles, stress,
conflicted relationship, and many others. This study's results are
significant for my research since they reveal the fact that childhood
trauma affects family systems.
Halfon et-al (2017) research reveals essential facts about income
inequality and the various differential impacts associated with adverse
experiences during childhood. The authors share that adverse
childhood experiences can have severe impacts on the health and
overall development of a child. The main objective of the research
study was to examine how ACEs continue manifesting at various
income levels of an individual, and how such economic-related pattern
influences the overall health and development of a young child. The
authors used the National Survey of Children's Health to obtain the
required information. The associations between the different variables
were further examined using both the bivariate and the multivariate
analyses. Their study revealed that there is an alignment of Adverse
Childhood Experiences along the income gradient. In contrast, those
occupying the bottom gradient have high possibilities of likelihood if
experiencing such adverse experiences. However, this study also
reveals that adverse childhood experiences also occur at all income
hierarchy levels and not necessarily to those living below the
threshold poverty level. This research study reveals essential facts that
are fundamental in this research paper. Notably, the study results align
with the study results shared by other researchers such as Bradley-
Davino & Ruglass, and Collines et al that there is a strong relationship
between one's economic status and the likelihood of an individual to
suffer from trauma or repeated trauma in adulthood. People living in
underprivileged economic conditions stand higher in the possibility of
suffering from the issue than those living in better economic
situations. Therefore, this research study is of considerable
significance to this research, and its insights can provide further
support to the already existing literature on the study topic.
Mock & Arai (2011) research reveals important facts about childhood
trauma and chronic illness during one's adulthood times. The authors
use socioeconomic status and mental health as the study's explanatory
factors and buffers. The authors agree with other research studies that
experiences of traumatic events during one's childhood times are
associated with some long-term consequences on individual general
health during adulthood times. The authors used research data
obtained from the Canadian Community Health Survey to examine the
potential impact of socioeconomic status and mental health during
adulthood times as potential mediators of the relationship between
chronic illness of an individual and childhood trauma. One’s
socioeconomic status and mental health status were also tested as
potential buffers against the exceedingly adverse childhood trauma
consequences. Their study revealed that one's socioeconomic status
and mental health partially support the fact that there is an association
between childhood trauma and chronic illness during adulthood times.
The study adds to other previous results by other researchers that
support the fact that higher socioeconomic status can serve as a
potential protective factor for individuals who have a history of
trauma. Notably, the study agrees with the research results obtained by
Collins et al. (2010), which share that people with a privileged social
and economic status have increased opportunities to access resources
that help them successfully negotiate with their respective traumatic
experiences. Therefore, poor economic living conditions increased
one's risk of suffering from trauma, even during adulthood. However,
such possibilities are limited if one is living an economically stable
life.
Walsh et al. (2019) share different facts concerning the relationship
between one's adverse childhood experiences and socioeconomic
position. The authors conducted a systematic review to study the facts
of the research study topic. Walsh et-al share that adverse childhood
experiences are likely to result in higher risks or adverse outcomes in
one's adulthood times. More so, various countries are making ACEs a
policy priority. The authors based their study on databases such as
ProQuest, Medline, and many others. The study reveals meaningful
statistical associations between one's Socioeconomic position during
childhood and adverse childhood experiences. The authors assert that
lower childhood socioeconomic position is associated with increased
risks of maltreatment or adverse childhood experiences. The study
supports research shared by the different research studies used in this
research paper on the fact that there is a relationship between one's
socioeconomic status, adverse childhood experiences and one's
possibility of suffering from trauma, an emergency of trauma or the
re-occurrence of trauma in one's later life. This study reveals
important facts that can be used in this research paper.
Conclusion
Childhood Trauma is one of the main issues that have significant
impacts on Family Systems and Childhood Outcomes. Childhood
trauma is an extended topic of discussion and therefore, can be
expanded concerning socioeconomic disadvantages such as poverty,
systemic stratification racism, and many others. Childhood trauma
affects family systems through the creation of a highly vicious cycle
of historical trauma, which has adverse impacts on families for very
many generations. Childhood trauma could result in health-related
risks in an adult person's life. Over two billion people are
impoverished and survive on an income of less than $3.10 daily.
Repeated exposures to traumatic events result in chronic or severe
reactions in various members of the facility, and its impacts extend
more in-depth into the entire family system. Economically
disadvantaged families are affected by severe chronic issues such as
repeated traumas, disorganized lifestyles, stress, conflicted
relationship, and many others. People living in underprivileged
economic conditions stand higher in the possibility of suffering from
the issue than those living in better economic situations. Higher
socioeconomic status can serve as a potential protective factor for
individuals who have a history of trauma. Lower childhood
socioeconomic position is associated with increased risks of
maltreatment or adverse childhood experiences. Therefore, childhood
trauma has adverse negative impacts on family systems and childhood
Outcomes.
This study is very fundamental to families and society at large. The
impacts of childhood trauma in an individual's life are exceedingly
significant than mere problems faced during one's adulthood times.
Childhood trauma affects family systems through the creation of a
highly vicious cycle of historical trauma, which has adverse impacts
on families for very many generations. Understanding trauma and its
adverse impacts on family systems can serve as an initial step towards
breaking the cycle of historical trauma in family systems. This issue is
of sociological relevance in different ways since childhood trauma
may significantly affect adults and not manifest in the form of mere
family dysfunction or adversity. Childhood trauma could result in five
main health-related risks in an adult person's life. Among these
include obesity, depression, binge drinking, tobacco use, and
sometimes lead to self-reported sub-optimal health. Therefore, the
problem of childhood trauma significantly affects societies.
Literature Review
Bradley-Davino & Ruglass (n.d.) research reveals different facts about
issues of Trauma and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder among
economically disadvantaged populations. The study reveals that over
900 million people across different parts of the world live in extreme
poverty situations. Their study further reveals that over two billion
people are impoverished and survive on an income of less than $3.10
daily. The authors examined the impact of physical and behavioral
health on trauma for economically disadvantaged individuals. The
study reveals that economic disadvantage among different people is
associated with higher risks of repeated trauma, trauma beginning, or
experiencing trauma. More so, an economically disadvantaged
situation among populations is associated with an increased risk for
individuals suffering from trauma-related issues such as anxiety and
depression, or post-traumatic stress. This research study is in
agreement with various research studies previously conducted, which
reveal support that individuals having economically disadvantaged
lives have higher possibilities of suffering from trauma. Bradley-
Davino & Ruglass reveal that young children from economically
disadvantaged homes or societies stand higher risks of suffering from
"toxic stress response" resulting from severe or repeated adversity due
to lack of resources for the mitigation of the stressors in their lives.
The authors associated trauma with a retarded or low cognitive,
biological, and psychological development in the child, which also
increases the young child's risks of delayed development, physical and
emotional health issues. Such study results are of great significance in
this study since they reveal the actual impacts that childhood trauma
has childhood outcomes.
Collins et al. (2010) conducted a research study that focused on
examining the impact of urban poverty and trauma on the operation of
different family systems. The authors put a special focus on aspects
such as interventions, resilience, and risks. The authors reviewed
various clinical and research literature on how trauma affects family
systems in urban poverty. The main family subsystems that were
examined in the study include one's life as a child or an adult, parent-
child relationship, adult intimate relationship, sibling, and the overall
intergenerational relationships of an individual and the entire
operation of a family. Their study had the purpose of widening
trauma-informed care evidence-based information through putting a
strong focus on trauma-related familial responses and through
developing a foundational knowledge required in designing trauma-
specific and family-centered interventions that strengthen the ability
of any given family to cope, adapt and heal from past adversely
stressful events. Collins et-al study reveals essential findings to this
research study. Among their findings includes the fact that families
undergoing urban poverty often suffer from multiple traumas
throughout their respective lives. Such families have limited
opportunities to access resources that help in successful negotiations
with various traumatic experiences. Collins et al. revealed significant
results in agreement with the results obtained by Bradley-Davino &
Ruglass. Both studies reveal that people living under economically
disadvantaged lives have increased possibilities of suffering from
trauma in their lives. More so, the study revealed that repeated
exposure to traumatic events results in chronic or severe reactions in
various members of the facility, and its impacts extend more in-depth
into the entire family system. Their research confirms that the impacts
of childhood trauma affect all levels of the family system.
Economically disadvantaged families are affected by severe chronic
issues such as repeated traumas, disorganized lifestyles, stress,
conflicted relationship, and many others. This study's results are
significant for my research since they reveal the fact that childhood
trauma affects family systems.
Halfon et-al (2017) research reveals essential facts about income
inequality and the various differential impacts associated with adverse
experiences during childhood. The authors share that adverse
childhood experiences can have severe impacts on the health and
overall development of a child. The main objective of the research
study was to examine how ACEs continue manifesting at various
income levels of an individual, and how such economic-related pattern
influences the overall health and development of a young child. The
authors used the National Survey of Children's Health to obtain the
required information. The associations between the different variables
were further examined using both the bivariate and the multivariate
analyses. Their study revealed that there is an alignment of Adverse
Childhood Experiences along the income gradient. In contrast, those
occupying the bottom gradient have high possibilities of likelihood if
experiencing such adverse experiences. However, this study also
reveals that adverse childhood experiences also occur at all income
hierarchy levels and not necessarily to those living below the
threshold poverty level. This research study reveals essential facts that
are fundamental in this research paper. Notably, the study results align
with the study results shared by other researchers such as Bradley-
Davino & Ruglass, and Collines et al that there is a strong relationship
between one's economic status and the likelihood of an individual to
suffer from trauma or repeated trauma in adulthood. People living in
underprivileged economic conditions stand higher in the possibility of
suffering from the issue than those living in better economic
situations. Therefore, this research study is of considerable
significance to this research, and its insights can provide further
support to the already existing literature on the study topic.
Mock & Arai (2011) research reveals important facts about childhood
trauma and chronic illness during one's adulthood times. The authors
use socioeconomic status and mental health as the study's explanatory
factors and buffers. The authors agree with other research studies that
experiences of traumatic events during one's childhood times are
associated with some long-term consequences on individual general
health during adulthood times. The authors used research data
obtained from the Canadian Community Health Survey to examine the
potential impact of socioeconomic status and mental health during
adulthood times as potential mediators of the relationship between
chronic illness of an individual and childhood trauma. One’s
socioeconomic status and mental health status were also tested as
potential buffers against the exceedingly adverse childhood trauma
consequences. Their study revealed that one's socioeconomic status
and mental health partially support the fact that there is an association
between childhood trauma and chronic illness during adulthood times.
The study adds to other previous results by other researchers that
support the fact that higher socioeconomic status can serve as a
potential protective factor for individuals who have a history of
trauma. Notably, the study agrees with the research results obtained by
Collins et al. (2010), which share that people with a privileged social
and economic status have increased opportunities to access resources
that help them successfully negotiate with their respective traumatic
experiences. Therefore, poor economic living conditions increased
one's risk of suffering from trauma, even during adulthood. However,
such possibilities are limited if one is living an economically stable
life.
Walsh et al. (2019) share different facts concerning the relationship
between one's adverse childhood experiences and socioeconomic
position. The authors conducted a systematic review to study the facts
of the research study topic. Walsh et-al share that adverse childhood
experiences are likely to result in higher risks or adverse outcomes in
one's adulthood times. More so, various countries are making ACEs a
policy priority. The authors based their study on databases such as
ProQuest, Medline, and many others. The study reveals meaningful
statistical associations between one's Socioeconomic position during
childhood and adverse childhood experiences. The authors assert that
lower childhood socioeconomic position is associated with increased
risks of maltreatment or adverse childhood experiences. The study
supports research shared by the different research studies used in this
research paper on the fact that there is a relationship between one's
socioeconomic status, adverse childhood experiences and one's
possibility of suffering from trauma, an emergency of trauma or the
re-occurrence of trauma in one's later life. This study reveals
important facts that can be used in this research paper.
Conclusion
Childhood Trauma is one of the main issues that have significant
impacts on Family Systems and Childhood Outcomes. Childhood
trauma is an extended topic of discussion and therefore, can be
expanded concerning socioeconomic disadvantages such as poverty,
systemic stratification racism, and many others. Childhood trauma
affects family systems through the creation of a highly vicious cycle
of historical trauma, which has adverse impacts on families for very
many generations. Childhood trauma could result in health-related
risks in an adult person's life. Over two billion people are
impoverished and survive on an income of less than $3.10 daily.
Repeated exposures to traumatic events result in chronic or severe
reactions in various members of the facility, and its impacts extend
more in-depth into the entire family system. Economically
disadvantaged families are affected by severe chronic issues such as
repeated traumas, disorganized lifestyles, stress, conflicted
relationship, and many others. People living in underprivileged
economic conditions stand higher in the possibility of suffering from
the issue than those living in better economic situations. Higher
socioeconomic status can serve as a potential protective factor for
individuals who have a history of trauma. Lower childhood
socioeconomic position is associated with increased risks of
maltreatment or adverse childhood experiences. Therefore, childhood
trauma has adverse negative impacts on family systems and childhood
Outcomes.
References
Bradley-Davino, B., & Ruglass, L. (n.d.). Trauma and Posttraumatic
Stress Disorder in Economically Disadvantaged Populations. Trauma
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Collins, K., et al. (2010). Understanding the impact of trauma and
urban poverty on family systems: Risks, resilience, and interventions.
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Halfon, N., Larson, K., Son, J., Lu, M., & Bethell, C. (2017). Income
Inequality and the Differential Effect of Adverse Childhood
Experiences in US Children. Frameworks and Measurements, 17(7).
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Mock, S. E., & Arai, S. M. (2011). Childhood Trauma and Chronic
Illness in Adulthood: Mental Health and Socioeconomic Status as
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Walsh, D., McCartney, G., Smith, M., & Armour, G. (2019).
Relationship between Childhood Socioeconomic Position and Adverse
Childhood Experiences (ACEs): a systematic review.
Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, 73(12). doi:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2019-212738
