Current Issues in Psychopharmacology: Attention-Deficit
Hyperactivity Disorder
PSYC 6022 - Psychopharmacology
University of Cincinnati
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
ADHD (Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder) is described as a
developmental disorder that is concerned with neurological behavior
(Lerner & Wigal, 2008). ADHD appears to affect between 3 and 5
percent of the population of children, and its symptoms manifest
themselves before such children have reached the age of 7 years. DHD
is distinguished by constant inattention and impulsiveness patterns and
these patterns may or may not be accompanied by a hyperactivity
component (National Institute of Mental Health, 2008).
Statistics indicate that boys are twice as much likely to suffer from
ADHD, in comparison to girls (Lerner & Wigal, 2008) although
several studies have indicated that this could be a result of subjective
bias (Murphy & Barkley, 2005). With maturity, adolescents, as well as
adults suffering from ADHD, have a higher likelihood of experiencing
a mechanism to scope, as a way of compensating for the impairment
that they exhibit. Besides, a genetic element is often thought to be at
play, with regard to ADHD (Lerner & Wigal, 2008). Treatment
methods for ADHD often entail a modification of behavior,
medication, counseling, and a change of lifestyle (Murphy & Barkley,
2005).
Impulsiveness entails a behavior in which individual tends to act
without a prior thought of the ensuing consequences of their actions,
disorganization and interruption tendencies during a conversation with
other people (Martin, 2006). On the other hand, hyperactivity is
characterized by restlessness tendencies, squirminess, and fidgeting,
as well as restless sleeping episodes. ADHD may also be
characterized by episodes of inattention in which the victims are
distracted too easily, have a tendency to daydream, and have
difficulties in listening, or completing assignments (Murphy &
Barkley, 2005).
Behavior regulation
The inhibitory and excitatory postsynaptic potentials, as well as the
transmitters and synaptic transmission, are actively involved in the
generation and control of various behaviors. In this regard, a
postsynaptic potential refers to an alteration of the ‘resting potential’,
following a presynaptic cell stimulus. According to Wickens (2005), a
positive postsynaptic excitatory potential comes about as a result of
positive cells.
On the other hand, if the cell turns out to be negative, then a negative
postsynaptic excitatory potential ensues. Wickens (2005) further
opines that neurotransmission comes about following a nerve impulse
accumulation at the axon hillock, located inside a neuron. As a result
of these nerve impulses accumulating, neurotransmission (otherwise
referred to as synaptic transmission) occurs. It is this synaptic
transmission, therefore, that enables the various neurons to
communicate.
Primary transmitters
There are about four transmitters that are often termed primary
transmitters. These include dopamine, serotonin, acetylcholine, and
GABA.
Serotonin
Serotonin production within the brain is associated with the occipital
brain lobes located next to the brain’s rear. This is the area that is
charged with the responsibility for vision control as well as a
regulation of one’s brain’s ability to go to ‘resynchronize’ and go to
rest (Murphy & Barkley, 2005). All of this is made possible thanks to
the generation of serotonin together with its accompanying delta
waves in the brain. At a time when the levels of serotonin in an
individual are quite well balanced, such an individual makes rational
thoughts, and they also tend to enjoy deep sleep.
An overproduction of serotonin may lead to paranoid and nervous
individuals. Besides, excessive serotonin levels could also result in
inferiority and inadequacy feelings, thereby leading to depression,
sadness, depression, and anger. It has also been shown that the
inception of serotonin deficiencies is often exhibited by such early
signs of warning that indicate a disengagement between, on the one
hand, the body and on the other hand, the mind (Wickens, 2005). A
number of these symptoms thus entails hallucinations, hypertension,
depression, palpitation, loner behavior, allergies, pain and aches in the
muscles, urinary frequencies, codependency, restlessness, loss of
memory, phobias, shyness, and perfectionism.
Acetylcholine
This is used in reference to the neurotransmitter that is generated by
neurons located at the brain’s parietal lobes. There is a correlation
between acetylcholine and the brain’s alpha waves, responsible for
regulating the speed of the brain. The neuron acetylcholine acts as a
lubricant, in effect ensuring that brain cells always remain in a moist
state, thereby enabling an easier passage of information and energy
through cells (Wickens, 2005). In addition, acetylcholine functions as
a building block of myelin, responsible for insulating the body, as well
as nerve protection.
A balance acetylcholine level results in a confident and creative
individual. It has been documented that virtually all the deficiencies of
acetylcholine result in dehydration. Some of the other diseases and
symptoms that may come about due to its deficiency include anxiety,
Alzheimer’s disease, inflammatory disorders, osteoporosis, mood
swings, bipolar disorder, memory disturbances, and disorders of
learning (National Institute of Mental Health, 2008).
Dopamine
This refers to those waves of the brain that are responsible for the
alertness exhibited by individuals. These brain waves get created from
dopamine-producing neurons, in the brain’s frontal lobes. Dopamine
plays the role of a natural amphetamine, thereby facilitating energy
control, motivation as well as excitement (Martin, 2006). In addition,
dopamine is responsible for controlling metabolism, voluntary
movements, blood pressure, digestion, setting of goals, intelligence,
production of adrenaline, abstract thoughts, and also facilitates in
making long-term plans.
On the other hand, its deficiency often results in anemia, a loss in
bone density, pain in the joints, disorders of the thyroid, depression,
mood swings, anger, forgetfulness, elevated blood pressure, instability
in blood sugar, and hyperactivity. Hormones or medications are
usually used in treating severe deficiencies of dopamine.
GABA
This transmitter is responsible for the production of calmness, and
also plays a role in the endorphins production. An individual that
exhibits a balanced level of GABA is often characterized by a sense of
reliability and stability (Martin, 2006). On the negative side, however,
GABA levels in excess may lead to individuals abandoning their
personal needs, and instead, opt to let the plight of others take center
stage. A deficiency of the GABA transmitters, at the early stage, may
entail irritability and nervousness, or even feelings of anxiety. At
times, individuals exhibiting these deficiencies may even start
experiences feelings of being stressed out, overwhelmed even, as well
as light-headedness, allergies, and aching muscles.
The deficiency of GABA, just like the rest of the neurotransmitters of
the brain, influences the key functional domains of the brain.
Personality, memory, physical, as well as attention issues, could also
manifest themselves as a result of a deficiency of GABA (National
Institute of Mental Health, 2008). Such issues may include chronic
pain, headache, backache, loss of muscle, palpitations, constipation,
insomnia chronic pain, urinary frequency, restlessness, rage,
incoherent flows of thoughts, and difficulties in paying attention.
Behavior regulation
The inhibitory and excitatory postsynaptic potentials, as well as the
transmitters and synaptic transmission, are actively involved in the
generation and control of various behaviors. In this regard, a
postsynaptic potential refers to an alteration of the ‘resting potential’,
following a presynaptic cell stimulus. According to Wickens (2005), a
positive postsynaptic excitatory potential comes about as a result of
positive cells.
On the other hand, if the cell turns out to be negative, then a negative
postsynaptic excitatory potential ensues. Wickens (2005) further
opines that neurotransmission comes about following a nerve impulse
accumulation at the axon hillock, located inside a neuron. As a result
of these nerve impulses accumulating, neurotransmission (otherwise
referred to as synaptic transmission) occurs. It is this synaptic
transmission, therefore, that enables the various neurons to
communicate.
Primary transmitters
There are about four transmitters that are often termed primary
transmitters. These include dopamine, serotonin, acetylcholine, and
GABA.
Serotonin
Serotonin production within the brain is associated with the occipital
brain lobes located next to the brain’s rear. This is the area that is
charged with the responsibility for vision control as well as a
regulation of one’s brain’s ability to go to ‘resynchronize’ and go to
rest (Murphy & Barkley, 2005). All of this is made possible thanks to
the generation of serotonin together with its accompanying delta
waves in the brain. At a time when the levels of serotonin in an
individual are quite well balanced, such an individual makes rational
thoughts, and they also tend to enjoy deep sleep.
An overproduction of serotonin may lead to paranoid and nervous
individuals. Besides, excessive serotonin levels could also result in
inferiority and inadequacy feelings, thereby leading to depression,
sadness, depression, and anger. It has also been shown that the
inception of serotonin deficiencies is often exhibited by such early
signs of warning that indicate a disengagement between, on the one
hand, the body and on the other hand, the mind (Wickens, 2005). A
number of these symptoms thus entails hallucinations, hypertension,
depression, palpitation, loner behavior, allergies, pain and aches in the
muscles, urinary frequencies, codependency, restlessness, loss of
memory, phobias, shyness, and perfectionism.
Acetylcholine
This is used in reference to the neurotransmitter that is generated by
neurons located at the brain’s parietal lobes. There is a correlation
between acetylcholine and the brain’s alpha waves, responsible for
regulating the speed of the brain. The neuron acetylcholine acts as a
lubricant, in effect ensuring that brain cells always remain in a moist
state, thereby enabling an easier passage of information and energy
through cells (Wickens, 2005). In addition, acetylcholine functions as
a building block of myelin, responsible for insulating the body, as well
as nerve protection.
A balance acetylcholine level results in a confident and creative
individual. It has been documented that virtually all the deficiencies of
acetylcholine result in dehydration. Some of the other diseases and
symptoms that may come about due to its deficiency include anxiety,
Alzheimer’s disease, inflammatory disorders, osteoporosis, mood
swings, bipolar disorder, memory disturbances, and disorders of
learning (National Institute of Mental Health, 2008).
Dopamine
This refers to those waves of the brain that are responsible for the
alertness exhibited by individuals. These brain waves get created from
dopamine-producing neurons, in the brain’s frontal lobes. Dopamine
plays the role of a natural amphetamine, thereby facilitating energy
control, motivation as well as excitement (Martin, 2006). In addition,
dopamine is responsible for controlling metabolism, voluntary
movements, blood pressure, digestion, setting of goals, intelligence,
production of adrenaline, abstract thoughts, and also facilitates in
making long-term plans.
On the other hand, its deficiency often results in anemia, a loss in
bone density, pain in the joints, disorders of the thyroid, depression,
mood swings, anger, forgetfulness, elevated blood pressure, instability
in blood sugar, and hyperactivity. Hormones or medications are
usually used in treating severe deficiencies of dopamine.
GABA
This transmitter is responsible for the production of calmness, and
also plays a role in the endorphins production. An individual that
exhibits a balanced level of GABA is often characterized by a sense of
reliability and stability (Martin, 2006). On the negative side, however,
GABA levels in excess may lead to individuals abandoning their
personal needs, and instead, opt to let the plight of others take center
stage. A deficiency of the GABA transmitters, at the early stage, may
entail irritability and nervousness, or even feelings of anxiety. At
times, individuals exhibiting these deficiencies may even start
experiences feelings of being stressed out, overwhelmed even, as well
as light-headedness, allergies, and aching muscles.
The deficiency of GABA, just like the rest of the neurotransmitters of
the brain, influences the key functional domains of the brain.
Personality, memory, physical, as well as attention issues, could also
manifest themselves as a result of a deficiency of GABA (National
Institute of Mental Health, 2008). Such issues may include chronic
pain, headache, backache, loss of muscle, palpitations, constipation,
insomnia chronic pain, urinary frequency, restlessness, rage,
incoherent flows of thoughts, and difficulties in paying attention.
Behavior regulation
The inhibitory and excitatory postsynaptic potentials, as well as the
transmitters and synaptic transmission, are actively involved in the
generation and control of various behaviors. In this regard, a
postsynaptic potential refers to an alteration of the ‘resting potential’,
following a presynaptic cell stimulus. According to Wickens (2005), a
positive postsynaptic excitatory potential comes about as a result of
positive cells.
On the other hand, if the cell turns out to be negative, then a negative
postsynaptic excitatory potential ensues. Wickens (2005) further
opines that neurotransmission comes about following a nerve impulse
accumulation at the axon hillock, located inside a neuron. As a result
of these nerve impulses accumulating, neurotransmission (otherwise
referred to as synaptic transmission) occurs. It is this synaptic
transmission, therefore, that enables the various neurons to
communicate.
Primary transmitters
There are about four transmitters that are often termed primary
transmitters. These include dopamine, serotonin, acetylcholine, and
GABA.
Serotonin
Serotonin production within the brain is associated with the occipital
brain lobes located next to the brain’s rear. This is the area that is
charged with the responsibility for vision control as well as a
regulation of one’s brain’s ability to go to ‘resynchronize’ and go to
rest (Murphy & Barkley, 2005). All of this is made possible thanks to
the generation of serotonin together with its accompanying delta
waves in the brain. At a time when the levels of serotonin in an
individual are quite well balanced, such an individual makes rational
thoughts, and they also tend to enjoy deep sleep.
An overproduction of serotonin may lead to paranoid and nervous
individuals. Besides, excessive serotonin levels could also result in
inferiority and inadequacy feelings, thereby leading to depression,
sadness, depression, and anger. It has also been shown that the
inception of serotonin deficiencies is often exhibited by such early
signs of warning that indicate a disengagement between, on the one
hand, the body and on the other hand, the mind (Wickens, 2005). A
number of these symptoms thus entails hallucinations, hypertension,
depression, palpitation, loner behavior, allergies, pain and aches in the
muscles, urinary frequencies, codependency, restlessness, loss of
memory, phobias, shyness, and perfectionism.
Acetylcholine
This is used in reference to the neurotransmitter that is generated by
neurons located at the brain’s parietal lobes. There is a correlation
between acetylcholine and the brain’s alpha waves, responsible for
regulating the speed of the brain. The neuron acetylcholine acts as a
lubricant, in effect ensuring that brain cells always remain in a moist
state, thereby enabling an easier passage of information and energy
through cells (Wickens, 2005). In addition, acetylcholine functions as
a building block of myelin, responsible for insulating the body, as well
as nerve protection.
A balance acetylcholine level results in a confident and creative
individual. It has been documented that virtually all the deficiencies of
acetylcholine result in dehydration. Some of the other diseases and
symptoms that may come about due to its deficiency include anxiety,
Alzheimer’s disease, inflammatory disorders, osteoporosis, mood
swings, bipolar disorder, memory disturbances, and disorders of
learning (National Institute of Mental Health, 2008).
Dopamine
This refers to those waves of the brain that are responsible for the
alertness exhibited by individuals. These brain waves get created from
dopamine-producing neurons, in the brain’s frontal lobes. Dopamine
plays the role of a natural amphetamine, thereby facilitating energy
control, motivation as well as excitement (Martin, 2006). In addition,
dopamine is responsible for controlling metabolism, voluntary
movements, blood pressure, digestion, setting of goals, intelligence,
production of adrenaline, abstract thoughts, and also facilitates in
making long-term plans.
On the other hand, its deficiency often results in anemia, a loss in
bone density, pain in the joints, disorders of the thyroid, depression,
mood swings, anger, forgetfulness, elevated blood pressure, instability
in blood sugar, and hyperactivity. Hormones or medications are
usually used in treating severe deficiencies of dopamine.
GABA
This transmitter is responsible for the production of calmness, and
also plays a role in the endorphins production. An individual that
exhibits a balanced level of GABA is often characterized by a sense of
reliability and stability (Martin, 2006). On the negative side, however,
GABA levels in excess may lead to individuals abandoning their
personal needs, and instead, opt to let the plight of others take center
stage. A deficiency of the GABA transmitters, at the early stage, may
entail irritability and nervousness, or even feelings of anxiety. At
times, individuals exhibiting these deficiencies may even start
experiences feelings of being stressed out, overwhelmed even, as well
as light-headedness, allergies, and aching muscles.
The deficiency of GABA, just like the rest of the neurotransmitters of
the brain, influences the key functional domains of the brain.
Personality, memory, physical, as well as attention issues, could also
manifest themselves as a result of a deficiency of GABA (National
Institute of Mental Health, 2008). Such issues may include chronic
pain, headache, backache, loss of muscle, palpitations, constipation,
insomnia chronic pain, urinary frequency, restlessness, rage,
incoherent flows of thoughts, and difficulties in paying attention.
Behavior regulation
The inhibitory and excitatory postsynaptic potentials, as well as the
transmitters and synaptic transmission, are actively involved in the
generation and control of various behaviors. In this regard, a
postsynaptic potential refers to an alteration of the ‘resting potential’,
following a presynaptic cell stimulus. According to Wickens (2005), a
positive postsynaptic excitatory potential comes about as a result of
positive cells.
On the other hand, if the cell turns out to be negative, then a negative
postsynaptic excitatory potential ensues. Wickens (2005) further
opines that neurotransmission comes about following a nerve impulse
accumulation at the axon hillock, located inside a neuron. As a result
of these nerve impulses accumulating, neurotransmission (otherwise
referred to as synaptic transmission) occurs. It is this synaptic
transmission, therefore, that enables the various neurons to
communicate.
Primary transmitters
There are about four transmitters that are often termed primary
transmitters. These include dopamine, serotonin, acetylcholine, and
GABA.
Serotonin
Serotonin production within the brain is associated with the occipital
brain lobes located next to the brain’s rear. This is the area that is
charged with the responsibility for vision control as well as a
regulation of one’s brain’s ability to go to ‘resynchronize’ and go to
rest (Murphy & Barkley, 2005). All of this is made possible thanks to
the generation of serotonin together with its accompanying delta
waves in the brain. At a time when the levels of serotonin in an
individual are quite well balanced, such an individual makes rational
thoughts, and they also tend to enjoy deep sleep.
An overproduction of serotonin may lead to paranoid and nervous
individuals. Besides, excessive serotonin levels could also result in
inferiority and inadequacy feelings, thereby leading to depression,
sadness, depression, and anger. It has also been shown that the
inception of serotonin deficiencies is often exhibited by such early
signs of warning that indicate a disengagement between, on the one
hand, the body and on the other hand, the mind (Wickens, 2005). A
number of these symptoms thus entails hallucinations, hypertension,
depression, palpitation, loner behavior, allergies, pain and aches in the
muscles, urinary frequencies, codependency, restlessness, loss of
memory, phobias, shyness, and perfectionism.
Acetylcholine
This is used in reference to the neurotransmitter that is generated by
neurons located at the brain’s parietal lobes. There is a correlation
between acetylcholine and the brain’s alpha waves, responsible for
regulating the speed of the brain. The neuron acetylcholine acts as a
lubricant, in effect ensuring that brain cells always remain in a moist
state, thereby enabling an easier passage of information and energy
through cells (Wickens, 2005). In addition, acetylcholine functions as
a building block of myelin, responsible for insulating the body, as well
as nerve protection.
A balance acetylcholine level results in a confident and creative
individual. It has been documented that virtually all the deficiencies of
acetylcholine result in dehydration. Some of the other diseases and
symptoms that may come about due to its deficiency include anxiety,
Alzheimer’s disease, inflammatory disorders, osteoporosis, mood
swings, bipolar disorder, memory disturbances, and disorders of
learning (National Institute of Mental Health, 2008).
Dopamine
This refers to those waves of the brain that are responsible for the
alertness exhibited by individuals. These brain waves get created from
dopamine-producing neurons, in the brain’s frontal lobes. Dopamine
plays the role of a natural amphetamine, thereby facilitating energy
control, motivation as well as excitement (Martin, 2006). In addition,
dopamine is responsible for controlling metabolism, voluntary
movements, blood pressure, digestion, setting of goals, intelligence,
production of adrenaline, abstract thoughts, and also facilitates in
making long-term plans.
On the other hand, its deficiency often results in anemia, a loss in
bone density, pain in the joints, disorders of the thyroid, depression,
mood swings, anger, forgetfulness, elevated blood pressure, instability
in blood sugar, and hyperactivity. Hormones or medications are
usually used in treating severe deficiencies of dopamine.
GABA
This transmitter is responsible for the production of calmness, and
also plays a role in the endorphins production. An individual that
exhibits a balanced level of GABA is often characterized by a sense of
reliability and stability (Martin, 2006). On the negative side, however,
GABA levels in excess may lead to individuals abandoning their
personal needs, and instead, opt to let the plight of others take center
stage. A deficiency of the GABA transmitters, at the early stage, may
entail irritability and nervousness, or even feelings of anxiety. At
times, individuals exhibiting these deficiencies may even start
experiences feelings of being stressed out, overwhelmed even, as well
as light-headedness, allergies, and aching muscles.
The deficiency of GABA, just like the rest of the neurotransmitters of
the brain, influences the key functional domains of the brain.
Personality, memory, physical, as well as attention issues, could also
manifest themselves as a result of a deficiency of GABA (National
Institute of Mental Health, 2008). Such issues may include chronic
pain, headache, backache, loss of muscle, palpitations, constipation,
insomnia chronic pain, urinary frequency, restlessness, rage,
incoherent flows of thoughts, and difficulties in paying attention.
Behavior regulation
The inhibitory and excitatory postsynaptic potentials, as well as the
transmitters and synaptic transmission, are actively involved in the
generation and control of various behaviors. In this regard, a
postsynaptic potential refers to an alteration of the ‘resting potential’,
following a presynaptic cell stimulus. According to Wickens (2005), a
positive postsynaptic excitatory potential comes about as a result of
positive cells.
On the other hand, if the cell turns out to be negative, then a negative
postsynaptic excitatory potential ensues. Wickens (2005) further
opines that neurotransmission comes about following a nerve impulse
accumulation at the axon hillock, located inside a neuron. As a result
of these nerve impulses accumulating, neurotransmission (otherwise
referred to as synaptic transmission) occurs. It is this synaptic
transmission, therefore, that enables the various neurons to
communicate.
Primary transmitters
There are about four transmitters that are often termed primary
transmitters. These include dopamine, serotonin, acetylcholine, and
GABA.
Serotonin
Serotonin production within the brain is associated with the occipital
brain lobes located next to the brain’s rear. This is the area that is
charged with the responsibility for vision control as well as a
regulation of one’s brain’s ability to go to ‘resynchronize’ and go to
rest (Murphy & Barkley, 2005). All of this is made possible thanks to
the generation of serotonin together with its accompanying delta
waves in the brain. At a time when the levels of serotonin in an
individual are quite well balanced, such an individual makes rational
thoughts, and they also tend to enjoy deep sleep.
An overproduction of serotonin may lead to paranoid and nervous
individuals. Besides, excessive serotonin levels could also result in
inferiority and inadequacy feelings, thereby leading to depression,
sadness, depression, and anger. It has also been shown that the
inception of serotonin deficiencies is often exhibited by such early
signs of warning that indicate a disengagement between, on the one
hand, the body and on the other hand, the mind (Wickens, 2005). A
number of these symptoms thus entails hallucinations, hypertension,
depression, palpitation, loner behavior, allergies, pain and aches in the
muscles, urinary frequencies, codependency, restlessness, loss of
memory, phobias, shyness, and perfectionism.
Acetylcholine
This is used in reference to the neurotransmitter that is generated by
neurons located at the brain’s parietal lobes. There is a correlation
between acetylcholine and the brain’s alpha waves, responsible for
regulating the speed of the brain. The neuron acetylcholine acts as a
lubricant, in effect ensuring that brain cells always remain in a moist
state, thereby enabling an easier passage of information and energy
through cells (Wickens, 2005). In addition, acetylcholine functions as
a building block of myelin, responsible for insulating the body, as well
as nerve protection.
A balance acetylcholine level results in a confident and creative
individual. It has been documented that virtually all the deficiencies of
acetylcholine result in dehydration. Some of the other diseases and
symptoms that may come about due to its deficiency include anxiety,
Alzheimer’s disease, inflammatory disorders, osteoporosis, mood
swings, bipolar disorder, memory disturbances, and disorders of
learning (National Institute of Mental Health, 2008).
Dopamine
This refers to those waves of the brain that are responsible for the
alertness exhibited by individuals. These brain waves get created from
dopamine-producing neurons, in the brain’s frontal lobes. Dopamine
plays the role of a natural amphetamine, thereby facilitating energy
control, motivation as well as excitement (Martin, 2006). In addition,
dopamine is responsible for controlling metabolism, voluntary
movements, blood pressure, digestion, setting of goals, intelligence,
production of adrenaline, abstract thoughts, and also facilitates in
making long-term plans.
On the other hand, its deficiency often results in anemia, a loss in
bone density, pain in the joints, disorders of the thyroid, depression,
mood swings, anger, forgetfulness, elevated blood pressure, instability
in blood sugar, and hyperactivity. Hormones or medications are
usually used in treating severe deficiencies of dopamine.
GABA
This transmitter is responsible for the production of calmness, and
also plays a role in the endorphins production. An individual that
exhibits a balanced level of GABA is often characterized by a sense of
reliability and stability (Martin, 2006). On the negative side, however,
GABA levels in excess may lead to individuals abandoning their
personal needs, and instead, opt to let the plight of others take center
stage. A deficiency of the GABA transmitters, at the early stage, may
entail irritability and nervousness, or even feelings of anxiety. At
times, individuals exhibiting these deficiencies may even start
experiences feelings of being stressed out, overwhelmed even, as well
as light-headedness, allergies, and aching muscles.
The deficiency of GABA, just like the rest of the neurotransmitters of
the brain, influences the key functional domains of the brain.
Personality, memory, physical, as well as attention issues, could also
manifest themselves as a result of a deficiency of GABA (National
Institute of Mental Health, 2008). Such issues may include chronic
pain, headache, backache, loss of muscle, palpitations, constipation,
insomnia chronic pain, urinary frequency, restlessness, rage,
incoherent flows of thoughts, and difficulties in paying attention.
Behavior regulation
The inhibitory and excitatory postsynaptic potentials, as well as the
transmitters and synaptic transmission, are actively involved in the
generation and control of various behaviors. In this regard, a
postsynaptic potential refers to an alteration of the ‘resting potential’,
following a presynaptic cell stimulus. According to Wickens (2005), a
positive postsynaptic excitatory potential comes about as a result of
positive cells.
On the other hand, if the cell turns out to be negative, then a negative
postsynaptic excitatory potential ensues. Wickens (2005) further
opines that neurotransmission comes about following a nerve impulse
accumulation at the axon hillock, located inside a neuron. As a result
of these nerve impulses accumulating, neurotransmission (otherwise
referred to as synaptic transmission) occurs. It is this synaptic
transmission, therefore, that enables the various neurons to
communicate.
Primary transmitters
There are about four transmitters that are often termed primary
transmitters. These include dopamine, serotonin, acetylcholine, and
GABA.
Serotonin
Serotonin production within the brain is associated with the occipital
brain lobes located next to the brain’s rear. This is the area that is
charged with the responsibility for vision control as well as a
regulation of one’s brain’s ability to go to ‘resynchronize’ and go to
rest (Murphy & Barkley, 2005). All of this is made possible thanks to
the generation of serotonin together with its accompanying delta
waves in the brain. At a time when the levels of serotonin in an
individual are quite well balanced, such an individual makes rational
thoughts, and they also tend to enjoy deep sleep.
An overproduction of serotonin may lead to paranoid and nervous
individuals. Besides, excessive serotonin levels could also result in
inferiority and inadequacy feelings, thereby leading to depression,
sadness, depression, and anger. It has also been shown that the
inception of serotonin deficiencies is often exhibited by such early
signs of warning that indicate a disengagement between, on the one
hand, the body and on the other hand, the mind (Wickens, 2005). A
number of these symptoms thus entails hallucinations, hypertension,
depression, palpitation, loner behavior, allergies, pain and aches in the
muscles, urinary frequencies, codependency, restlessness, loss of
memory, phobias, shyness, and perfectionism.
Acetylcholine
This is used in reference to the neurotransmitter that is generated by
neurons located at the brain’s parietal lobes. There is a correlation
between acetylcholine and the brain’s alpha waves, responsible for
regulating the speed of the brain. The neuron acetylcholine acts as a
lubricant, in effect ensuring that brain cells always remain in a moist
state, thereby enabling an easier passage of information and energy
through cells (Wickens, 2005). In addition, acetylcholine functions as
a building block of myelin, responsible for insulating the body, as well
as nerve protection.
A balance acetylcholine level results in a confident and creative
individual. It has been documented that virtually all the deficiencies of
acetylcholine result in dehydration. Some of the other diseases and
symptoms that may come about due to its deficiency include anxiety,
Alzheimer’s disease, inflammatory disorders, osteoporosis, mood
swings, bipolar disorder, memory disturbances, and disorders of
learning (National Institute of Mental Health, 2008).
Dopamine
This refers to those waves of the brain that are responsible for the
alertness exhibited by individuals. These brain waves get created from
dopamine-producing neurons, in the brain’s frontal lobes. Dopamine
plays the role of a natural amphetamine, thereby facilitating energy
control, motivation as well as excitement (Martin, 2006). In addition,
dopamine is responsible for controlling metabolism, voluntary
movements, blood pressure, digestion, setting of goals, intelligence,
production of adrenaline, abstract thoughts, and also facilitates in
making long-term plans.
On the other hand, its deficiency often results in anemia, a loss in
bone density, pain in the joints, disorders of the thyroid, depression,
mood swings, anger, forgetfulness, elevated blood pressure, instability
in blood sugar, and hyperactivity. Hormones or medications are
usually used in treating severe deficiencies of dopamine.
GABA
This transmitter is responsible for the production of calmness, and
also plays a role in the endorphins production. An individual that
exhibits a balanced level of GABA is often characterized by a sense of
reliability and stability (Martin, 2006). On the negative side, however,
GABA levels in excess may lead to individuals abandoning their
personal needs, and instead, opt to let the plight of others take center
stage. A deficiency of the GABA transmitters, at the early stage, may
entail irritability and nervousness, or even feelings of anxiety. At
times, individuals exhibiting these deficiencies may even start
experiences feelings of being stressed out, overwhelmed even, as well
as light-headedness, allergies, and aching muscles.
The deficiency of GABA, just like the rest of the neurotransmitters of
the brain, influences the key functional domains of the brain.
Personality, memory, physical, as well as attention issues, could also
manifest themselves as a result of a deficiency of GABA (National
Institute of Mental Health, 2008). Such issues may include chronic
pain, headache, backache, loss of muscle, palpitations, constipation,
insomnia chronic pain, urinary frequency, restlessness, rage,
incoherent flows of thoughts, and difficulties in paying attention.
Behavior regulation
The inhibitory and excitatory postsynaptic potentials, as well as the
transmitters and synaptic transmission, are actively involved in the
generation and control of various behaviors. In this regard, a
postsynaptic potential refers to an alteration of the ‘resting potential’,
following a presynaptic cell stimulus. According to Wickens (2005), a
positive postsynaptic excitatory potential comes about as a result of
positive cells.
On the other hand, if the cell turns out to be negative, then a negative
postsynaptic excitatory potential ensues. Wickens (2005) further
opines that neurotransmission comes about following a nerve impulse
accumulation at the axon hillock, located inside a neuron. As a result
of these nerve impulses accumulating, neurotransmission (otherwise
referred to as synaptic transmission) occurs. It is this synaptic
transmission, therefore, that enables the various neurons to
communicate.
Primary transmitters
There are about four transmitters that are often termed primary
transmitters. These include dopamine, serotonin, acetylcholine, and
GABA.
Serotonin
Serotonin production within the brain is associated with the occipital
brain lobes located next to the brain’s rear. This is the area that is
charged with the responsibility for vision control as well as a
regulation of one’s brain’s ability to go to ‘resynchronize’ and go to
rest (Murphy & Barkley, 2005). All of this is made possible thanks to
the generation of serotonin together with its accompanying delta
waves in the brain. At a time when the levels of serotonin in an
individual are quite well balanced, such an individual makes rational
thoughts, and they also tend to enjoy deep sleep.
An overproduction of serotonin may lead to paranoid and nervous
individuals. Besides, excessive serotonin levels could also result in
inferiority and inadequacy feelings, thereby leading to depression,
sadness, depression, and anger. It has also been shown that the
inception of serotonin deficiencies is often exhibited by such early
signs of warning that indicate a disengagement between, on the one
hand, the body and on the other hand, the mind (Wickens, 2005). A
number of these symptoms thus entails hallucinations, hypertension,
depression, palpitation, loner behavior, allergies, pain and aches in the
muscles, urinary frequencies, codependency, restlessness, loss of
memory, phobias, shyness, and perfectionism.
Acetylcholine
This is used in reference to the neurotransmitter that is generated by
neurons located at the brain’s parietal lobes. There is a correlation
between acetylcholine and the brain’s alpha waves, responsible for
regulating the speed of the brain. The neuron acetylcholine acts as a
lubricant, in effect ensuring that brain cells always remain in a moist
state, thereby enabling an easier passage of information and energy
through cells (Wickens, 2005). In addition, acetylcholine functions as
a building block of myelin, responsible for insulating the body, as well
as nerve protection.
A balance acetylcholine level results in a confident and creative
individual. It has been documented that virtually all the deficiencies of
acetylcholine result in dehydration. Some of the other diseases and
symptoms that may come about due to its deficiency include anxiety,
Alzheimer’s disease, inflammatory disorders, osteoporosis, mood
swings, bipolar disorder, memory disturbances, and disorders of
learning (National Institute of Mental Health, 2008).
Dopamine
This refers to those waves of the brain that are responsible for the
alertness exhibited by individuals. These brain waves get created from
dopamine-producing neurons, in the brain’s frontal lobes. Dopamine
plays the role of a natural amphetamine, thereby facilitating energy
control, motivation as well as excitement (Martin, 2006). In addition,
dopamine is responsible for controlling metabolism, voluntary
movements, blood pressure, digestion, setting of goals, intelligence,
production of adrenaline, abstract thoughts, and also facilitates in
making long-term plans.
On the other hand, its deficiency often results in anemia, a loss in
bone density, pain in the joints, disorders of the thyroid, depression,
mood swings, anger, forgetfulness, elevated blood pressure, instability
in blood sugar, and hyperactivity. Hormones or medications are
usually used in treating severe deficiencies of dopamine.
GABA
This transmitter is responsible for the production of calmness, and
also plays a role in the endorphins production. An individual that
exhibits a balanced level of GABA is often characterized by a sense of
reliability and stability (Martin, 2006). On the negative side, however,
GABA levels in excess may lead to individuals abandoning their
personal needs, and instead, opt to let the plight of others take center
stage. A deficiency of the GABA transmitters, at the early stage, may
entail irritability and nervousness, or even feelings of anxiety. At
times, individuals exhibiting these deficiencies may even start
experiences feelings of being stressed out, overwhelmed even, as well
as light-headedness, allergies, and aching muscles.
The deficiency of GABA, just like the rest of the neurotransmitters of
the brain, influences the key functional domains of the brain.
Personality, memory, physical, as well as attention issues, could also
manifest themselves as a result of a deficiency of GABA (National
Institute of Mental Health, 2008). Such issues may include chronic
pain, headache, backache, loss of muscle, palpitations, constipation,
insomnia chronic pain, urinary frequency, restlessness, rage,
incoherent flows of thoughts, and difficulties in paying attention.
Behavior regulation
The inhibitory and excitatory postsynaptic potentials, as well as the
transmitters and synaptic transmission, are actively involved in the
generation and control of various behaviors. In this regard, a
postsynaptic potential refers to an alteration of the ‘resting potential’,
following a presynaptic cell stimulus. According to Wickens (2005), a
positive postsynaptic excitatory potential comes about as a result of
positive cells.
On the other hand, if the cell turns out to be negative, then a negative
postsynaptic excitatory potential ensues. Wickens (2005) further
opines that neurotransmission comes about following a nerve impulse
accumulation at the axon hillock, located inside a neuron. As a result
of these nerve impulses accumulating, neurotransmission (otherwise
referred to as synaptic transmission) occurs. It is this synaptic
transmission, therefore, that enables the various neurons to
communicate.
Primary transmitters
There are about four transmitters that are often termed primary
transmitters. These include dopamine, serotonin, acetylcholine, and
GABA.
Serotonin
Serotonin production within the brain is associated with the occipital
brain lobes located next to the brain’s rear. This is the area that is
charged with the responsibility for vision control as well as a
regulation of one’s brain’s ability to go to ‘resynchronize’ and go to
rest (Murphy & Barkley, 2005). All of this is made possible thanks to
the generation of serotonin together with its accompanying delta
waves in the brain. At a time when the levels of serotonin in an
individual are quite well balanced, such an individual makes rational
thoughts, and they also tend to enjoy deep sleep.
An overproduction of serotonin may lead to paranoid and nervous
individuals. Besides, excessive serotonin levels could also result in
inferiority and inadequacy feelings, thereby leading to depression,
sadness, depression, and anger. It has also been shown that the
inception of serotonin deficiencies is often exhibited by such early
signs of warning that indicate a disengagement between, on the one
hand, the body and on the other hand, the mind (Wickens, 2005). A
number of these symptoms thus entails hallucinations, hypertension,
depression, palpitation, loner behavior, allergies, pain and aches in the
muscles, urinary frequencies, codependency, restlessness, loss of
memory, phobias, shyness, and perfectionism.
Acetylcholine
This is used in reference to the neurotransmitter that is generated by
neurons located at the brain’s parietal lobes. There is a correlation
between acetylcholine and the brain’s alpha waves, responsible for
regulating the speed of the brain. The neuron acetylcholine acts as a
lubricant, in effect ensuring that brain cells always remain in a moist
state, thereby enabling an easier passage of information and energy
through cells (Wickens, 2005). In addition, acetylcholine functions as
a building block of myelin, responsible for insulating the body, as well
as nerve protection.
A balance acetylcholine level results in a confident and creative
individual. It has been documented that virtually all the deficiencies of
acetylcholine result in dehydration. Some of the other diseases and
symptoms that may come about due to its deficiency include anxiety,
Alzheimer’s disease, inflammatory disorders, osteoporosis, mood
swings, bipolar disorder, memory disturbances, and disorders of
learning (National Institute of Mental Health, 2008).
Dopamine
This refers to those waves of the brain that are responsible for the
alertness exhibited by individuals. These brain waves get created from
dopamine-producing neurons, in the brain’s frontal lobes. Dopamine
plays the role of a natural amphetamine, thereby facilitating energy
control, motivation as well as excitement (Martin, 2006). In addition,
dopamine is responsible for controlling metabolism, voluntary
movements, blood pressure, digestion, setting of goals, intelligence,
production of adrenaline, abstract thoughts, and also facilitates in
making long-term plans.
On the other hand, its deficiency often results in anemia, a loss in
bone density, pain in the joints, disorders of the thyroid, depression,
mood swings, anger, forgetfulness, elevated blood pressure, instability
in blood sugar, and hyperactivity. Hormones or medications are
usually used in treating severe deficiencies of dopamine.
GABA
This transmitter is responsible for the production of calmness, and
also plays a role in the endorphins production. An individual that
exhibits a balanced level of GABA is often characterized by a sense of
reliability and stability (Martin, 2006). On the negative side, however,
GABA levels in excess may lead to individuals abandoning their
personal needs, and instead, opt to let the plight of others take center
stage. A deficiency of the GABA transmitters, at the early stage, may
entail irritability and nervousness, or even feelings of anxiety. At
times, individuals exhibiting these deficiencies may even start
experiences feelings of being stressed out, overwhelmed even, as well
as light-headedness, allergies, and aching muscles.
The deficiency of GABA, just like the rest of the neurotransmitters of
the brain, influences the key functional domains of the brain.
Personality, memory, physical, as well as attention issues, could also
manifest themselves as a result of a deficiency of GABA (National
Institute of Mental Health, 2008). Such issues may include chronic
pain, headache, backache, loss of muscle, palpitations, constipation,
insomnia chronic pain, urinary frequency, restlessness, rage,
incoherent flows of thoughts, and difficulties in paying attention.
Behavior regulation
The inhibitory and excitatory postsynaptic potentials, as well as the
transmitters and synaptic transmission, are actively involved in the
generation and control of various behaviors. In this regard, a
postsynaptic potential refers to an alteration of the ‘resting potential’,
following a presynaptic cell stimulus. According to Wickens (2005), a
positive postsynaptic excitatory potential comes about as a result of
positive cells.
On the other hand, if the cell turns out to be negative, then a negative
postsynaptic excitatory potential ensues. Wickens (2005) further
opines that neurotransmission comes about following a nerve impulse
accumulation at the axon hillock, located inside a neuron. As a result
of these nerve impulses accumulating, neurotransmission (otherwise
referred to as synaptic transmission) occurs. It is this synaptic
transmission, therefore, that enables the various neurons to
communicate.
Primary transmitters
There are about four transmitters that are often termed primary
transmitters. These include dopamine, serotonin, acetylcholine, and
GABA.
Serotonin
Serotonin production within the brain is associated with the occipital
brain lobes located next to the brain’s rear. This is the area that is
charged with the responsibility for vision control as well as a
regulation of one’s brain’s ability to go to ‘resynchronize’ and go to
rest (Murphy & Barkley, 2005). All of this is made possible thanks to
the generation of serotonin together with its accompanying delta
waves in the brain. At a time when the levels of serotonin in an
individual are quite well balanced, such an individual makes rational
thoughts, and they also tend to enjoy deep sleep.
An overproduction of serotonin may lead to paranoid and nervous
individuals. Besides, excessive serotonin levels could also result in
inferiority and inadequacy feelings, thereby leading to depression,
sadness, depression, and anger. It has also been shown that the
inception of serotonin deficiencies is often exhibited by such early
signs of warning that indicate a disengagement between, on the one
hand, the body and on the other hand, the mind (Wickens, 2005). A
number of these symptoms thus entails hallucinations, hypertension,
depression, palpitation, loner behavior, allergies, pain and aches in the
muscles, urinary frequencies, codependency, restlessness, loss of
memory, phobias, shyness, and perfectionism.
Acetylcholine
This is used in reference to the neurotransmitter that is generated by
neurons located at the brain’s parietal lobes. There is a correlation
between acetylcholine and the brain’s alpha waves, responsible for
regulating the speed of the brain. The neuron acetylcholine acts as a
lubricant, in effect ensuring that brain cells always remain in a moist
state, thereby enabling an easier passage of information and energy
through cells (Wickens, 2005). In addition, acetylcholine functions as
a building block of myelin, responsible for insulating the body, as well
as nerve protection.
A balance acetylcholine level results in a confident and creative
individual. It has been documented that virtually all the deficiencies of
acetylcholine result in dehydration. Some of the other diseases and
symptoms that may come about due to its deficiency include anxiety,
Alzheimer’s disease, inflammatory disorders, osteoporosis, mood
swings, bipolar disorder, memory disturbances, and disorders of
learning (National Institute of Mental Health, 2008).
Dopamine
This refers to those waves of the brain that are responsible for the
alertness exhibited by individuals. These brain waves get created from
dopamine-producing neurons, in the brain’s frontal lobes. Dopamine
plays the role of a natural amphetamine, thereby facilitating energy
control, motivation as well as excitement (Martin, 2006). In addition,
dopamine is responsible for controlling metabolism, voluntary
movements, blood pressure, digestion, setting of goals, intelligence,
production of adrenaline, abstract thoughts, and also facilitates in
making long-term plans.
On the other hand, its deficiency often results in anemia, a loss in
bone density, pain in the joints, disorders of the thyroid, depression,
mood swings, anger, forgetfulness, elevated blood pressure, instability
in blood sugar, and hyperactivity. Hormones or medications are
usually used in treating severe deficiencies of dopamine.
GABA
This transmitter is responsible for the production of calmness, and
also plays a role in the endorphins production. An individual that
exhibits a balanced level of GABA is often characterized by a sense of
reliability and stability (Martin, 2006). On the negative side, however,
GABA levels in excess may lead to individuals abandoning their
personal needs, and instead, opt to let the plight of others take center
stage. A deficiency of the GABA transmitters, at the early stage, may
entail irritability and nervousness, or even feelings of anxiety. At
times, individuals exhibiting these deficiencies may even start
experiences feelings of being stressed out, overwhelmed even, as well
as light-headedness, allergies, and aching muscles.
The deficiency of GABA, just like the rest of the neurotransmitters of
the brain, influences the key functional domains of the brain.
Personality, memory, physical, as well as attention issues, could also
manifest themselves as a result of a deficiency of GABA (National
Institute of Mental Health, 2008). Such issues may include chronic
pain, headache, backache, loss of muscle, palpitations, constipation,
insomnia chronic pain, urinary frequency, restlessness, rage,
incoherent flows of thoughts, and difficulties in paying attention.
Behavior regulation
The inhibitory and excitatory postsynaptic potentials, as well as the
transmitters and synaptic transmission, are actively involved in the
generation and control of various behaviors. In this regard, a
postsynaptic potential refers to an alteration of the ‘resting potential’,
following a presynaptic cell stimulus. According to Wickens (2005), a
positive postsynaptic excitatory potential comes about as a result of
positive cells.
On the other hand, if the cell turns out to be negative, then a negative
postsynaptic excitatory potential ensues. Wickens (2005) further
opines that neurotransmission comes about following a nerve impulse
accumulation at the axon hillock, located inside a neuron. As a result
of these nerve impulses accumulating, neurotransmission (otherwise
referred to as synaptic transmission) occurs. It is this synaptic
transmission, therefore, that enables the various neurons to
communicate.
Primary transmitters
There are about four transmitters that are often termed primary
transmitters. These include dopamine, serotonin, acetylcholine, and
GABA.
Serotonin
Serotonin production within the brain is associated with the occipital
brain lobes located next to the brain’s rear. This is the area that is
charged with the responsibility for vision control as well as a
regulation of one’s brain’s ability to go to ‘resynchronize’ and go to
rest (Murphy & Barkley, 2005). All of this is made possible thanks to
the generation of serotonin together with its accompanying delta
waves in the brain. At a time when the levels of serotonin in an
individual are quite well balanced, such an individual makes rational
thoughts, and they also tend to enjoy deep sleep.
An overproduction of serotonin may lead to paranoid and nervous
individuals. Besides, excessive serotonin levels could also result in
inferiority and inadequacy feelings, thereby leading to depression,
sadness, depression, and anger. It has also been shown that the
inception of serotonin deficiencies is often exhibited by such early
signs of warning that indicate a disengagement between, on the one
hand, the body and on the other hand, the mind (Wickens, 2005). A
number of these symptoms thus entails hallucinations, hypertension,
depression, palpitation, loner behavior, allergies, pain and aches in the
muscles, urinary frequencies, codependency, restlessness, loss of
memory, phobias, shyness, and perfectionism.
Acetylcholine
This is used in reference to the neurotransmitter that is generated by
neurons located at the brain’s parietal lobes. There is a correlation
between acetylcholine and the brain’s alpha waves, responsible for
regulating the speed of the brain. The neuron acetylcholine acts as a
lubricant, in effect ensuring that brain cells always remain in a moist
state, thereby enabling an easier passage of information and energy
through cells (Wickens, 2005). In addition, acetylcholine functions as
a building block of myelin, responsible for insulating the body, as well
as nerve protection.
A balance acetylcholine level results in a confident and creative
individual. It has been documented that virtually all the deficiencies of
acetylcholine result in dehydration. Some of the other diseases and
symptoms that may come about due to its deficiency include anxiety,
Alzheimer’s disease, inflammatory disorders, osteoporosis, mood
swings, bipolar disorder, memory disturbances, and disorders of
learning (National Institute of Mental Health, 2008).
Dopamine
This refers to those waves of the brain that are responsible for the
alertness exhibited by individuals. These brain waves get created from
dopamine-producing neurons, in the brain’s frontal lobes. Dopamine
plays the role of a natural amphetamine, thereby facilitating energy
control, motivation as well as excitement (Martin, 2006). In addition,
dopamine is responsible for controlling metabolism, voluntary
movements, blood pressure, digestion, setting of goals, intelligence,
production of adrenaline, abstract thoughts, and also facilitates in
making long-term plans.
On the other hand, its deficiency often results in anemia, a loss in
bone density, pain in the joints, disorders of the thyroid, depression,
mood swings, anger, forgetfulness, elevated blood pressure, instability
in blood sugar, and hyperactivity. Hormones or medications are
usually used in treating severe deficiencies of dopamine.
GABA
This transmitter is responsible for the production of calmness, and
also plays a role in the endorphins production. An individual that
exhibits a balanced level of GABA is often characterized by a sense of
reliability and stability (Martin, 2006). On the negative side, however,
GABA levels in excess may lead to individuals abandoning their
personal needs, and instead, opt to let the plight of others take center
stage. A deficiency of the GABA transmitters, at the early stage, may
entail irritability and nervousness, or even feelings of anxiety. At
times, individuals exhibiting these deficiencies may even start
experiences feelings of being stressed out, overwhelmed even, as well
as light-headedness, allergies, and aching muscles.
The deficiency of GABA, just like the rest of the neurotransmitters of
the brain, influences the key functional domains of the brain.
Personality, memory, physical, as well as attention issues, could also
manifest themselves as a result of a deficiency of GABA (National
Institute of Mental Health, 2008). Such issues may include chronic
pain, headache, backache, loss of muscle, palpitations, constipation,
insomnia chronic pain, urinary frequency, restlessness, rage,
incoherent flows of thoughts, and difficulties in paying attention.
Behavior regulation
The inhibitory and excitatory postsynaptic potentials, as well as the
transmitters and synaptic transmission, are actively involved in the
generation and control of various behaviors. In this regard, a
postsynaptic potential refers to an alteration of the ‘resting potential’,
following a presynaptic cell stimulus. According to Wickens (2005), a
positive postsynaptic excitatory potential comes about as a result of
positive cells.
On the other hand, if the cell turns out to be negative, then a negative
postsynaptic excitatory potential ensues. Wickens (2005) further
opines that neurotransmission comes about following a nerve impulse
accumulation at the axon hillock, located inside a neuron. As a result
of these nerve impulses accumulating, neurotransmission (otherwise
referred to as synaptic transmission) occurs. It is this synaptic
transmission, therefore, that enables the various neurons to
communicate.
Primary transmitters
There are about four transmitters that are often termed primary
transmitters. These include dopamine, serotonin, acetylcholine, and
GABA.
Serotonin
Serotonin production within the brain is associated with the occipital
brain lobes located next to the brain’s rear. This is the area that is
charged with the responsibility for vision control as well as a
regulation of one’s brain’s ability to go to ‘resynchronize’ and go to
rest (Murphy & Barkley, 2005). All of this is made possible thanks to
the generation of serotonin together with its accompanying delta
waves in the brain. At a time when the levels of serotonin in an
individual are quite well balanced, such an individual makes rational
thoughts, and they also tend to enjoy deep sleep.
An overproduction of serotonin may lead to paranoid and nervous
individuals. Besides, excessive serotonin levels could also result in
inferiority and inadequacy feelings, thereby leading to depression,
sadness, depression, and anger. It has also been shown that the
inception of serotonin deficiencies is often exhibited by such early
signs of warning that indicate a disengagement between, on the one
hand, the body and on the other hand, the mind (Wickens, 2005). A
number of these symptoms thus entails hallucinations, hypertension,
depression, palpitation, loner behavior, allergies, pain and aches in the
muscles, urinary frequencies, codependency, restlessness, loss of
memory, phobias, shyness, and perfectionism.
Acetylcholine
This is used in reference to the neurotransmitter that is generated by
neurons located at the brain’s parietal lobes. There is a correlation
between acetylcholine and the brain’s alpha waves, responsible for
regulating the speed of the brain. The neuron acetylcholine acts as a
lubricant, in effect ensuring that brain cells always remain in a moist
state, thereby enabling an easier passage of information and energy
through cells (Wickens, 2005). In addition, acetylcholine functions as
a building block of myelin, responsible for insulating the body, as well
as nerve protection.
A balance acetylcholine level results in a confident and creative
individual. It has been documented that virtually all the deficiencies of
acetylcholine result in dehydration. Some of the other diseases and
symptoms that may come about due to its deficiency include anxiety,
Alzheimer’s disease, inflammatory disorders, osteoporosis, mood
swings, bipolar disorder, memory disturbances, and disorders of
learning (National Institute of Mental Health, 2008).
Dopamine
This refers to those waves of the brain that are responsible for the
alertness exhibited by individuals. These brain waves get created from
dopamine-producing neurons, in the brain’s frontal lobes. Dopamine
plays the role of a natural amphetamine, thereby facilitating energy
control, motivation as well as excitement (Martin, 2006). In addition,
dopamine is responsible for controlling metabolism, voluntary
movements, blood pressure, digestion, setting of goals, intelligence,
production of adrenaline, abstract thoughts, and also facilitates in
making long-term plans.
On the other hand, its deficiency often results in anemia, a loss in
bone density, pain in the joints, disorders of the thyroid, depression,
mood swings, anger, forgetfulness, elevated blood pressure, instability
in blood sugar, and hyperactivity. Hormones or medications are
usually used in treating severe deficiencies of dopamine.
GABA
This transmitter is responsible for the production of calmness, and
also plays a role in the endorphins production. An individual that
exhibits a balanced level of GABA is often characterized by a sense of
reliability and stability (Martin, 2006). On the negative side, however,
GABA levels in excess may lead to individuals abandoning their
personal needs, and instead, opt to let the plight of others take center
stage. A deficiency of the GABA transmitters, at the early stage, may
entail irritability and nervousness, or even feelings of anxiety. At
times, individuals exhibiting these deficiencies may even start
experiences feelings of being stressed out, overwhelmed even, as well
as light-headedness, allergies, and aching muscles.
The deficiency of GABA, just like the rest of the neurotransmitters of
the brain, influences the key functional domains of the brain.
Personality, memory, physical, as well as attention issues, could also
manifest themselves as a result of a deficiency of GABA (National
Institute of Mental Health, 2008). Such issues may include chronic
pain, headache, backache, loss of muscle, palpitations, constipation,
insomnia chronic pain, urinary frequency, restlessness, rage,
incoherent flows of thoughts, and difficulties in paying attention.
Behavior regulation
The inhibitory and excitatory postsynaptic potentials, as well as the
transmitters and synaptic transmission, are actively involved in the
generation and control of various behaviors. In this regard, a
postsynaptic potential refers to an alteration of the ‘resting potential’,
following a presynaptic cell stimulus. According to Wickens (2005), a
positive postsynaptic excitatory potential comes about as a result of
positive cells.
On the other hand, if the cell turns out to be negative, then a negative
postsynaptic excitatory potential ensues. Wickens (2005) further
opines that neurotransmission comes about following a nerve impulse
accumulation at the axon hillock, located inside a neuron. As a result
of these nerve impulses accumulating, neurotransmission (otherwise
referred to as synaptic transmission) occurs. It is this synaptic
transmission, therefore, that enables the various neurons to
communicate.
Primary transmitters
There are about four transmitters that are often termed primary
transmitters. These include dopamine, serotonin, acetylcholine, and
GABA.
Serotonin
Serotonin production within the brain is associated with the occipital
brain lobes located next to the brain’s rear. This is the area that is
charged with the responsibility for vision control as well as a
regulation of one’s brain’s ability to go to ‘resynchronize’ and go to
rest (Murphy & Barkley, 2005). All of this is made possible thanks to
the generation of serotonin together with its accompanying delta
waves in the brain. At a time when the levels of serotonin in an
individual are quite well balanced, such an individual makes rational
thoughts, and they also tend to enjoy deep sleep.
An overproduction of serotonin may lead to paranoid and nervous
individuals. Besides, excessive serotonin levels could also result in
inferiority and inadequacy feelings, thereby leading to depression,
sadness, depression, and anger. It has also been shown that the
inception of serotonin deficiencies is often exhibited by such early
signs of warning that indicate a disengagement between, on the one
hand, the body and on the other hand, the mind (Wickens, 2005). A
number of these symptoms thus entails hallucinations, hypertension,
depression, palpitation, loner behavior, allergies, pain and aches in the
muscles, urinary frequencies, codependency, restlessness, loss of
memory, phobias, shyness, and perfectionism.
Acetylcholine
This is used in reference to the neurotransmitter that is generated by
neurons located at the brain’s parietal lobes. There is a correlation
between acetylcholine and the brain’s alpha waves, responsible for
regulating the speed of the brain. The neuron acetylcholine acts as a
lubricant, in effect ensuring that brain cells always remain in a moist
state, thereby enabling an easier passage of information and energy
through cells (Wickens, 2005). In addition, acetylcholine functions as
a building block of myelin, responsible for insulating the body, as well
as nerve protection.
A balance acetylcholine level results in a confident and creative
individual. It has been documented that virtually all the deficiencies of
acetylcholine result in dehydration. Some of the other diseases and
symptoms that may come about due to its deficiency include anxiety,
Alzheimer’s disease, inflammatory disorders, osteoporosis, mood
swings, bipolar disorder, memory disturbances, and disorders of
learning (National Institute of Mental Health, 2008).
Dopamine
This refers to those waves of the brain that are responsible for the
alertness exhibited by individuals. These brain waves get created from
dopamine-producing neurons, in the brain’s frontal lobes. Dopamine
plays the role of a natural amphetamine, thereby facilitating energy
control, motivation as well as excitement (Martin, 2006). In addition,
dopamine is responsible for controlling metabolism, voluntary
movements, blood pressure, digestion, setting of goals, intelligence,
production of adrenaline, abstract thoughts, and also facilitates in
making long-term plans.
On the other hand, its deficiency often results in anemia, a loss in
bone density, pain in the joints, disorders of the thyroid, depression,
mood swings, anger, forgetfulness, elevated blood pressure, instability
in blood sugar, and hyperactivity. Hormones or medications are
usually used in treating severe deficiencies of dopamine.
GABA
This transmitter is responsible for the production of calmness, and
also plays a role in the endorphins production. An individual that
exhibits a balanced level of GABA is often characterized by a sense of
reliability and stability (Martin, 2006). On the negative side, however,
GABA levels in excess may lead to individuals abandoning their
personal needs, and instead, opt to let the plight of others take center
stage. A deficiency of the GABA transmitters, at the early stage, may
entail irritability and nervousness, or even feelings of anxiety. At
times, individuals exhibiting these deficiencies may even start
experiences feelings of being stressed out, overwhelmed even, as well
as light-headedness, allergies, and aching muscles.
The deficiency of GABA, just like the rest of the neurotransmitters of
the brain, influences the key functional domains of the brain.
Personality, memory, physical, as well as attention issues, could also
manifest themselves as a result of a deficiency of GABA (National
Institute of Mental Health, 2008). Such issues may include chronic
pain, headache, backache, loss of muscle, palpitations, constipation,
insomnia chronic pain, urinary frequency, restlessness, rage,
incoherent flows of thoughts, and difficulties in paying attention.
Behavior regulation
The inhibitory and excitatory postsynaptic potentials, as well as the
transmitters and synaptic transmission, are actively involved in the
generation and control of various behaviors. In this regard, a
postsynaptic potential refers to an alteration of the ‘resting potential’,
following a presynaptic cell stimulus. According to Wickens (2005), a
positive postsynaptic excitatory potential comes about as a result of
positive cells.
On the other hand, if the cell turns out to be negative, then a negative
postsynaptic excitatory potential ensues. Wickens (2005) further
opines that neurotransmission comes about following a nerve impulse
accumulation at the axon hillock, located inside a neuron. As a result
of these nerve impulses accumulating, neurotransmission (otherwise
referred to as synaptic transmission) occurs. It is this synaptic
transmission, therefore, that enables the various neurons to
communicate.
Primary transmitters
There are about four transmitters that are often termed primary
transmitters. These include dopamine, serotonin, acetylcholine, and
GABA.
Serotonin
Serotonin production within the brain is associated with the occipital
brain lobes located next to the brain’s rear. This is the area that is
charged with the responsibility for vision control as well as a
regulation of one’s brain’s ability to go to ‘resynchronize’ and go to
rest (Murphy & Barkley, 2005). All of this is made possible thanks to
the generation of serotonin together with its accompanying delta
waves in the brain. At a time when the levels of serotonin in an
individual are quite well balanced, such an individual makes rational
thoughts, and they also tend to enjoy deep sleep.
An overproduction of serotonin may lead to paranoid and nervous
individuals. Besides, excessive serotonin levels could also result in
inferiority and inadequacy feelings, thereby leading to depression,
sadness, depression, and anger. It has also been shown that the
inception of serotonin deficiencies is often exhibited by such early
signs of warning that indicate a disengagement between, on the one
hand, the body and on the other hand, the mind (Wickens, 2005). A
number of these symptoms thus entails hallucinations, hypertension,
depression, palpitation, loner behavior, allergies, pain and aches in the
muscles, urinary frequencies, codependency, restlessness, loss of
memory, phobias, shyness, and perfectionism.
Acetylcholine
This is used in reference to the neurotransmitter that is generated by
neurons located at the brain’s parietal lobes. There is a correlation
between acetylcholine and the brain’s alpha waves, responsible for
regulating the speed of the brain. The neuron acetylcholine acts as a
lubricant, in effect ensuring that brain cells always remain in a moist
state, thereby enabling an easier passage of information and energy
through cells (Wickens, 2005). In addition, acetylcholine functions as
a building block of myelin, responsible for insulating the body, as well
as nerve protection.
A balance acetylcholine level results in a confident and creative
individual. It has been documented that virtually all the deficiencies of
acetylcholine result in dehydration. Some of the other diseases and
symptoms that may come about due to its deficiency include anxiety,
Alzheimer’s disease, inflammatory disorders, osteoporosis, mood
swings, bipolar disorder, memory disturbances, and disorders of
learning (National Institute of Mental Health, 2008).
Dopamine
This refers to those waves of the brain that are responsible for the
alertness exhibited by individuals. These brain waves get created from
dopamine-producing neurons, in the brain’s frontal lobes. Dopamine
plays the role of a natural amphetamine, thereby facilitating energy
control, motivation as well as excitement (Martin, 2006). In addition,
dopamine is responsible for controlling metabolism, voluntary
movements, blood pressure, digestion, setting of goals, intelligence,
production of adrenaline, abstract thoughts, and also facilitates in
making long-term plans.
On the other hand, its deficiency often results in anemia, a loss in
bone density, pain in the joints, disorders of the thyroid, depression,
mood swings, anger, forgetfulness, elevated blood pressure, instability
in blood sugar, and hyperactivity. Hormones or medications are
usually used in treating severe deficiencies of dopamine.
GABA
This transmitter is responsible for the production of calmness, and
also plays a role in the endorphins production. An individual that
exhibits a balanced level of GABA is often characterized by a sense of
reliability and stability (Martin, 2006). On the negative side, however,
GABA levels in excess may lead to individuals abandoning their
personal needs, and instead, opt to let the plight of others take center
stage. A deficiency of the GABA transmitters, at the early stage, may
entail irritability and nervousness, or even feelings of anxiety. At
times, individuals exhibiting these deficiencies may even start
experiences feelings of being stressed out, overwhelmed even, as well
as light-headedness, allergies, and aching muscles.
The deficiency of GABA, just like the rest of the neurotransmitters of
the brain, influences the key functional domains of the brain.
Personality, memory, physical, as well as attention issues, could also
manifest themselves as a result of a deficiency of GABA (National
Institute of Mental Health, 2008). Such issues may include chronic
pain, headache, backache, loss of muscle, palpitations, constipation,
insomnia chronic pain, urinary frequency, restlessness, rage,
incoherent flows of thoughts, and difficulties in paying attention.
Behavior regulation
The inhibitory and excitatory postsynaptic potentials, as well as the
transmitters and synaptic transmission, are actively involved in the
generation and control of various behaviors. In this regard, a
postsynaptic potential refers to an alteration of the ‘resting potential’,
following a presynaptic cell stimulus. According to Wickens (2005), a
positive postsynaptic excitatory potential comes about as a result of
positive cells.
On the other hand, if the cell turns out to be negative, then a negative
postsynaptic excitatory potential ensues. Wickens (2005) further
opines that neurotransmission comes about following a nerve impulse
accumulation at the axon hillock, located inside a neuron. As a result
of these nerve impulses accumulating, neurotransmission (otherwise
referred to as synaptic transmission) occurs. It is this synaptic
transmission, therefore, that enables the various neurons to
communicate.
Primary transmitters
There are about four transmitters that are often termed primary
transmitters. These include dopamine, serotonin, acetylcholine, and
GABA.
Serotonin
Serotonin production within the brain is associated with the occipital
brain lobes located next to the brain’s rear. This is the area that is
charged with the responsibility for vision control as well as a
regulation of one’s brain’s ability to go to ‘resynchronize’ and go to
rest (Murphy & Barkley, 2005). All of this is made possible thanks to
the generation of serotonin together with its accompanying delta
waves in the brain. At a time when the levels of serotonin in an
individual are quite well balanced, such an individual makes rational
thoughts, and they also tend to enjoy deep sleep.
An overproduction of serotonin may lead to paranoid and nervous
individuals. Besides, excessive serotonin levels could also result in
inferiority and inadequacy feelings, thereby leading to depression,
sadness, depression, and anger. It has also been shown that the
inception of serotonin deficiencies is often exhibited by such early
signs of warning that indicate a disengagement between, on the one
hand, the body and on the other hand, the mind (Wickens, 2005). A
number of these symptoms thus entails hallucinations, hypertension,
depression, palpitation, loner behavior, allergies, pain and aches in the
muscles, urinary frequencies, codependency, restlessness, loss of
memory, phobias, shyness, and perfectionism.
Acetylcholine
This is used in reference to the neurotransmitter that is generated by
neurons located at the brain’s parietal lobes. There is a correlation
between acetylcholine and the brain’s alpha waves, responsible for
regulating the speed of the brain. The neuron acetylcholine acts as a
lubricant, in effect ensuring that brain cells always remain in a moist
state, thereby enabling an easier passage of information and energy
through cells (Wickens, 2005). In addition, acetylcholine functions as
a building block of myelin, responsible for insulating the body, as well
as nerve protection.
A balance acetylcholine level results in a confident and creative
individual. It has been documented that virtually all the deficiencies of
acetylcholine result in dehydration. Some of the other diseases and
symptoms that may come about due to its deficiency include anxiety,
Alzheimer’s disease, inflammatory disorders, osteoporosis, mood
swings, bipolar disorder, memory disturbances, and disorders of
learning (National Institute of Mental Health, 2008).
Dopamine
This refers to those waves of the brain that are responsible for the
alertness exhibited by individuals. These brain waves get created from
dopamine-producing neurons, in the brain’s frontal lobes. Dopamine
plays the role of a natural amphetamine, thereby facilitating energy
control, motivation as well as excitement (Martin, 2006). In addition,
dopamine is responsible for controlling metabolism, voluntary
movements, blood pressure, digestion, setting of goals, intelligence,
production of adrenaline, abstract thoughts, and also facilitates in
making long-term plans.
On the other hand, its deficiency often results in anemia, a loss in
bone density, pain in the joints, disorders of the thyroid, depression,
mood swings, anger, forgetfulness, elevated blood pressure, instability
in blood sugar, and hyperactivity. Hormones or medications are
usually used in treating severe deficiencies of dopamine.
GABA
This transmitter is responsible for the production of calmness, and
also plays a role in the endorphins production. An individual that
exhibits a balanced level of GABA is often characterized by a sense of
reliability and stability (Martin, 2006). On the negative side, however,
GABA levels in excess may lead to individuals abandoning their
personal needs, and instead, opt to let the plight of others take center
stage. A deficiency of the GABA transmitters, at the early stage, may
entail irritability and nervousness, or even feelings of anxiety. At
times, individuals exhibiting these deficiencies may even start
experiences feelings of being stressed out, overwhelmed even, as well
as light-headedness, allergies, and aching muscles.
The deficiency of GABA, just like the rest of the neurotransmitters of
the brain, influences the key functional domains of the brain.
Personality, memory, physical, as well as attention issues, could also
manifest themselves as a result of a deficiency of GABA (National
Institute of Mental Health, 2008). Such issues may include chronic
pain, headache, backache, loss of muscle, palpitations, constipation,
insomnia chronic pain, urinary frequency, restlessness, rage,
incoherent flows of thoughts, and difficulties in paying attention.
Behavior regulation
The inhibitory and excitatory postsynaptic potentials, as well as the
transmitters and synaptic transmission, are actively involved in the
generation and control of various behaviors. In this regard, a
postsynaptic potential refers to an alteration of the ‘resting potential’,
following a presynaptic cell stimulus. According to Wickens (2005), a
positive postsynaptic excitatory potential comes about as a result of
positive cells.
On the other hand, if the cell turns out to be negative, then a negative
postsynaptic excitatory potential ensues. Wickens (2005) further
opines that neurotransmission comes about following a nerve impulse
accumulation at the axon hillock, located inside a neuron. As a result
of these nerve impulses accumulating, neurotransmission (otherwise
referred to as synaptic transmission) occurs. It is this synaptic
transmission, therefore, that enables the various neurons to
communicate.
Primary transmitters
There are about four transmitters that are often termed primary
transmitters. These include dopamine, serotonin, acetylcholine, and
GABA.
Serotonin
Serotonin production within the brain is associated with the occipital
brain lobes located next to the brain’s rear. This is the area that is
charged with the responsibility for vision control as well as a
regulation of one’s brain’s ability to go to ‘resynchronize’ and go to
rest (Murphy & Barkley, 2005). All of this is made possible thanks to
the generation of serotonin together with its accompanying delta
waves in the brain. At a time when the levels of serotonin in an
individual are quite well balanced, such an individual makes rational
thoughts, and they also tend to enjoy deep sleep.
An overproduction of serotonin may lead to paranoid and nervous
individuals. Besides, excessive serotonin levels could also result in
inferiority and inadequacy feelings, thereby leading to depression,
sadness, depression, and anger. It has also been shown that the
inception of serotonin deficiencies is often exhibited by such early
signs of warning that indicate a disengagement between, on the one
hand, the body and on the other hand, the mind (Wickens, 2005). A
number of these symptoms thus entails hallucinations, hypertension,
depression, palpitation, loner behavior, allergies, pain and aches in the
muscles, urinary frequencies, codependency, restlessness, loss of
memory, phobias, shyness, and perfectionism.
Acetylcholine
This is used in reference to the neurotransmitter that is generated by
neurons located at the brain’s parietal lobes. There is a correlation
between acetylcholine and the brain’s alpha waves, responsible for
regulating the speed of the brain. The neuron acetylcholine acts as a
lubricant, in effect ensuring that brain cells always remain in a moist
state, thereby enabling an easier passage of information and energy
through cells (Wickens, 2005). In addition, acetylcholine functions as
a building block of myelin, responsible for insulating the body, as well
as nerve protection.
A balance acetylcholine level results in a confident and creative
individual. It has been documented that virtually all the deficiencies of
acetylcholine result in dehydration. Some of the other diseases and
symptoms that may come about due to its deficiency include anxiety,
Alzheimer’s disease, inflammatory disorders, osteoporosis, mood
swings, bipolar disorder, memory disturbances, and disorders of
learning (National Institute of Mental Health, 2008).
Dopamine
This refers to those waves of the brain that are responsible for the
alertness exhibited by individuals. These brain waves get created from
dopamine-producing neurons, in the brain’s frontal lobes. Dopamine
plays the role of a natural amphetamine, thereby facilitating energy
control, motivation as well as excitement (Martin, 2006). In addition,
dopamine is responsible for controlling metabolism, voluntary
movements, blood pressure, digestion, setting of goals, intelligence,
production of adrenaline, abstract thoughts, and also facilitates in
making long-term plans.
On the other hand, its deficiency often results in anemia, a loss in
bone density, pain in the joints, disorders of the thyroid, depression,
mood swings, anger, forgetfulness, elevated blood pressure, instability
in blood sugar, and hyperactivity. Hormones or medications are
usually used in treating severe deficiencies of dopamine.
GABA
This transmitter is responsible for the production of calmness, and
also plays a role in the endorphins production. An individual that
exhibits a balanced level of GABA is often characterized by a sense of
reliability and stability (Martin, 2006). On the negative side, however,
GABA levels in excess may lead to individuals abandoning their
personal needs, and instead, opt to let the plight of others take center
stage. A deficiency of the GABA transmitters, at the early stage, may
entail irritability and nervousness, or even feelings of anxiety. At
times, individuals exhibiting these deficiencies may even start
experiences feelings of being stressed out, overwhelmed even, as well
as light-headedness, allergies, and aching muscles.
The deficiency of GABA, just like the rest of the neurotransmitters of
the brain, influences the key functional domains of the brain.
Personality, memory, physical, as well as attention issues, could also
manifest themselves as a result of a deficiency of GABA (National
Institute of Mental Health, 2008). Such issues may include chronic
pain, headache, backache, loss of muscle, palpitations, constipation,
insomnia chronic pain, urinary frequency, restlessness, rage,
incoherent flows of thoughts, and difficulties in paying attention.
Behavior regulation
The inhibitory and excitatory postsynaptic potentials, as well as the
transmitters and synaptic transmission, are actively involved in the
generation and control of various behaviors. In this regard, a
postsynaptic potential refers to an alteration of the ‘resting potential’,
following a presynaptic cell stimulus. According to Wickens (2005), a
positive postsynaptic excitatory potential comes about as a result of
positive cells.
On the other hand, if the cell turns out to be negative, then a negative
postsynaptic excitatory potential ensues. Wickens (2005) further
opines that neurotransmission comes about following a nerve impulse
accumulation at the axon hillock, located inside a neuron. As a result
of these nerve impulses accumulating, neurotransmission (otherwise
referred to as synaptic transmission) occurs. It is this synaptic
transmission, therefore, that enables the various neurons to
communicate.
Primary transmitters
There are about four transmitters that are often termed primary
transmitters. These include dopamine, serotonin, acetylcholine, and
GABA.
Serotonin
Serotonin production within the brain is associated with the occipital
brain lobes located next to the brain’s rear. This is the area that is
charged with the responsibility for vision control as well as a
regulation of one’s brain’s ability to go to ‘resynchronize’ and go to
rest (Murphy & Barkley, 2005). All of this is made possible thanks to
the generation of serotonin together with its accompanying delta
waves in the brain. At a time when the levels of serotonin in an
individual are quite well balanced, such an individual makes rational
thoughts, and they also tend to enjoy deep sleep.
An overproduction of serotonin may lead to paranoid and nervous
individuals. Besides, excessive serotonin levels could also result in
inferiority and inadequacy feelings, thereby leading to depression,
sadness, depression, and anger. It has also been shown that the
inception of serotonin deficiencies is often exhibited by such early
signs of warning that indicate a disengagement between, on the one
hand, the body and on the other hand, the mind (Wickens, 2005). A
number of these symptoms thus entails hallucinations, hypertension,
depression, palpitation, loner behavior, allergies, pain and aches in the
muscles, urinary frequencies, codependency, restlessness, loss of
memory, phobias, shyness, and perfectionism.
Acetylcholine
This is used in reference to the neurotransmitter that is generated by
neurons located at the brain’s parietal lobes. There is a correlation
between acetylcholine and the brain’s alpha waves, responsible for
regulating the speed of the brain. The neuron acetylcholine acts as a
lubricant, in effect ensuring that brain cells always remain in a moist
state, thereby enabling an easier passage of information and energy
through cells (Wickens, 2005). In addition, acetylcholine functions as
a building block of myelin, responsible for insulating the body, as well
as nerve protection.
A balance acetylcholine level results in a confident and creative
individual. It has been documented that virtually all the deficiencies of
acetylcholine result in dehydration. Some of the other diseases and
symptoms that may come about due to its deficiency include anxiety,
Alzheimer’s disease, inflammatory disorders, osteoporosis, mood
swings, bipolar disorder, memory disturbances, and disorders of
learning (National Institute of Mental Health, 2008).
Dopamine
This refers to those waves of the brain that are responsible for the
alertness exhibited by individuals. These brain waves get created from
dopamine-producing neurons, in the brain’s frontal lobes. Dopamine
plays the role of a natural amphetamine, thereby facilitating energy
control, motivation as well as excitement (Martin, 2006). In addition,
dopamine is responsible for controlling metabolism, voluntary
movements, blood pressure, digestion, setting of goals, intelligence,
production of adrenaline, abstract thoughts, and also facilitates in
making long-term plans.
On the other hand, its deficiency often results in anemia, a loss in
bone density, pain in the joints, disorders of the thyroid, depression,
mood swings, anger, forgetfulness, elevated blood pressure, instability
in blood sugar, and hyperactivity. Hormones or medications are
usually used in treating severe deficiencies of dopamine.
GABA
This transmitter is responsible for the production of calmness, and
also plays a role in the endorphins production. An individual that
exhibits a balanced level of GABA is often characterized by a sense of
reliability and stability (Martin, 2006). On the negative side, however,
GABA levels in excess may lead to individuals abandoning their
personal needs, and instead, opt to let the plight of others take center
stage. A deficiency of the GABA transmitters, at the early stage, may
entail irritability and nervousness, or even feelings of anxiety. At
times, individuals exhibiting these deficiencies may even start
experiences feelings of being stressed out, overwhelmed even, as well
as light-headedness, allergies, and aching muscles.
The deficiency of GABA, just like the rest of the neurotransmitters of
the brain, influences the key functional domains of the brain.
Personality, memory, physical, as well as attention issues, could also
manifest themselves as a result of a deficiency of GABA (National
Institute of Mental Health, 2008). Such issues may include chronic
pain, headache, backache, loss of muscle, palpitations, constipation,
insomnia chronic pain, urinary frequency, restlessness, rage,
incoherent flows of thoughts, and difficulties in paying attention.
Behavior regulation
The inhibitory and excitatory postsynaptic potentials, as well as the
transmitters and synaptic transmission, are actively involved in the
generation and control of various behaviors. In this regard, a
postsynaptic potential refers to an alteration of the ‘resting potential’,
following a presynaptic cell stimulus. According to Wickens (2005), a
positive postsynaptic excitatory potential comes about as a result of
positive cells.
On the other hand, if the cell turns out to be negative, then a negative
postsynaptic excitatory potential ensues. Wickens (2005) further
opines that neurotransmission comes about following a nerve impulse
accumulation at the axon hillock, located inside a neuron. As a result
of these nerve impulses accumulating, neurotransmission (otherwise
referred to as synaptic transmission) occurs. It is this synaptic
transmission, therefore, that enables the various neurons to
communicate.
Primary transmitters
There are about four transmitters that are often termed primary
transmitters. These include dopamine, serotonin, acetylcholine, and
GABA.
Serotonin
Serotonin production within the brain is associated with the occipital
brain lobes located next to the brain’s rear. This is the area that is
charged with the responsibility for vision control as well as a
regulation of one’s brain’s ability to go to ‘resynchronize’ and go to
rest (Murphy & Barkley, 2005). All of this is made possible thanks to
the generation of serotonin together with its accompanying delta
waves in the brain. At a time when the levels of serotonin in an
individual are quite well balanced, such an individual makes rational
thoughts, and they also tend to enjoy deep sleep.
An overproduction of serotonin may lead to paranoid and nervous
individuals. Besides, excessive serotonin levels could also result in
inferiority and inadequacy feelings, thereby leading to depression,
sadness, depression, and anger. It has also been shown that the
inception of serotonin deficiencies is often exhibited by such early
signs of warning that indicate a disengagement between, on the one
hand, the body and on the other hand, the mind (Wickens, 2005). A
number of these symptoms thus entails hallucinations, hypertension,
depression, palpitation, loner behavior, allergies, pain and aches in the
muscles, urinary frequencies, codependency, restlessness, loss of
memory, phobias, shyness, and perfectionism.
Acetylcholine
This is used in reference to the neurotransmitter that is generated by
neurons located at the brain’s parietal lobes. There is a correlation
between acetylcholine and the brain’s alpha waves, responsible for
regulating the speed of the brain. The neuron acetylcholine acts as a
lubricant, in effect ensuring that brain cells always remain in a moist
state, thereby enabling an easier passage of information and energy
through cells (Wickens, 2005). In addition, acetylcholine functions as
a building block of myelin, responsible for insulating the body, as well
as nerve protection.
A balance acetylcholine level results in a confident and creative
individual. It has been documented that virtually all the deficiencies of
acetylcholine result in dehydration. Some of the other diseases and
symptoms that may come about due to its deficiency include anxiety,
Alzheimer’s disease, inflammatory disorders, osteoporosis, mood
swings, bipolar disorder, memory disturbances, and disorders of
learning (National Institute of Mental Health, 2008).
Dopamine
This refers to those waves of the brain that are responsible for the
alertness exhibited by individuals. These brain waves get created from
dopamine-producing neurons, in the brain’s frontal lobes. Dopamine
plays the role of a natural amphetamine, thereby facilitating energy
control, motivation as well as excitement (Martin, 2006). In addition,
dopamine is responsible for controlling metabolism, voluntary
movements, blood pressure, digestion, setting of goals, intelligence,
production of adrenaline, abstract thoughts, and also facilitates in
making long-term plans.
On the other hand, its deficiency often results in anemia, a loss in
bone density, pain in the joints, disorders of the thyroid, depression,
mood swings, anger, forgetfulness, elevated blood pressure, instability
in blood sugar, and hyperactivity. Hormones or medications are
usually used in treating severe deficiencies of dopamine.
GABA
This transmitter is responsible for the production of calmness, and
also plays a role in the endorphins production. An individual that
exhibits a balanced level of GABA is often characterized by a sense of
reliability and stability (Martin, 2006). On the negative side, however,
GABA levels in excess may lead to individuals abandoning their
personal needs, and instead, opt to let the plight of others take center
stage. A deficiency of the GABA transmitters, at the early stage, may
entail irritability and nervousness, or even feelings of anxiety. At
times, individuals exhibiting these deficiencies may even start
experiences feelings of being stressed out, overwhelmed even, as well
as light-headedness, allergies, and aching muscles.
The deficiency of GABA, just like the rest of the neurotransmitters of
the brain, influences the key functional domains of the brain.
Personality, memory, physical, as well as attention issues, could also
manifest themselves as a result of a deficiency of GABA (National
Institute of Mental Health, 2008). Such issues may include chronic
pain, headache, backache, loss of muscle, palpitations, constipation,
insomnia chronic pain, urinary frequency, restlessness, rage,
incoherent flows of thoughts, and difficulties in paying attention.
Behavior regulation
The inhibitory and excitatory postsynaptic potentials, as well as the
transmitters and synaptic transmission, are actively involved in the
generation and control of various behaviors. In this regard, a
postsynaptic potential refers to an alteration of the ‘resting potential’,
following a presynaptic cell stimulus. According to Wickens (2005), a
positive postsynaptic excitatory potential comes about as a result of
positive cells.
On the other hand, if the cell turns out to be negative, then a negative
postsynaptic excitatory potential ensues. Wickens (2005) further
opines that neurotransmission comes about following a nerve impulse
accumulation at the axon hillock, located inside a neuron. As a result
of these nerve impulses accumulating, neurotransmission (otherwise
referred to as synaptic transmission) occurs. It is this synaptic
transmission, therefore, that enables the various neurons to
communicate.
Primary transmitters
There are about four transmitters that are often termed primary
transmitters. These include dopamine, serotonin, acetylcholine, and
GABA.
Serotonin
Serotonin production within the brain is associated with the occipital
brain lobes located next to the brain’s rear. This is the area that is
charged with the responsibility for vision control as well as a
regulation of one’s brain’s ability to go to ‘resynchronize’ and go to
rest (Murphy & Barkley, 2005). All of this is made possible thanks to
the generation of serotonin together with its accompanying delta
waves in the brain. At a time when the levels of serotonin in an
individual are quite well balanced, such an individual makes rational
thoughts, and they also tend to enjoy deep sleep.
An overproduction of serotonin may lead to paranoid and nervous
individuals. Besides, excessive serotonin levels could also result in
inferiority and inadequacy feelings, thereby leading to depression,
sadness, depression, and anger. It has also been shown that the
inception of serotonin deficiencies is often exhibited by such early
signs of warning that indicate a disengagement between, on the one
hand, the body and on the other hand, the mind (Wickens, 2005). A
number of these symptoms thus entails hallucinations, hypertension,
depression, palpitation, loner behavior, allergies, pain and aches in the
muscles, urinary frequencies, codependency, restlessness, loss of
memory, phobias, shyness, and perfectionism.
Acetylcholine
This is used in reference to the neurotransmitter that is generated by
neurons located at the brain’s parietal lobes. There is a correlation
between acetylcholine and the brain’s alpha waves, responsible for
regulating the speed of the brain. The neuron acetylcholine acts as a
lubricant, in effect ensuring that brain cells always remain in a moist
state, thereby enabling an easier passage of information and energy
through cells (Wickens, 2005). In addition, acetylcholine functions as
a building block of myelin, responsible for insulating the body, as well
as nerve protection.
A balance acetylcholine level results in a confident and creative
individual. It has been documented that virtually all the deficiencies of
acetylcholine result in dehydration. Some of the other diseases and
symptoms that may come about due to its deficiency include anxiety,
Alzheimer’s disease, inflammatory disorders, osteoporosis, mood
swings, bipolar disorder, memory disturbances, and disorders of
learning (National Institute of Mental Health, 2008).
Dopamine
This refers to those waves of the brain that are responsible for the
alertness exhibited by individuals. These brain waves get created from
dopamine-producing neurons, in the brain’s frontal lobes. Dopamine
plays the role of a natural amphetamine, thereby facilitating energy
control, motivation as well as excitement (Martin, 2006). In addition,
dopamine is responsible for controlling metabolism, voluntary
movements, blood pressure, digestion, setting of goals, intelligence,
production of adrenaline, abstract thoughts, and also facilitates in
making long-term plans.
On the other hand, its deficiency often results in anemia, a loss in
bone density, pain in the joints, disorders of the thyroid, depression,
mood swings, anger, forgetfulness, elevated blood pressure, instability
in blood sugar, and hyperactivity. Hormones or medications are
usually used in treating severe deficiencies of dopamine.
GABA
This transmitter is responsible for the production of calmness, and
also plays a role in the endorphins production. An individual that
exhibits a balanced level of GABA is often characterized by a sense of
reliability and stability (Martin, 2006). On the negative side, however,
GABA levels in excess may lead to individuals abandoning their
personal needs, and instead, opt to let the plight of others take center
stage. A deficiency of the GABA transmitters, at the early stage, may
entail irritability and nervousness, or even feelings of anxiety. At
times, individuals exhibiting these deficiencies may even start
experiences feelings of being stressed out, overwhelmed even, as well
as light-headedness, allergies, and aching muscles.
The deficiency of GABA, just like the rest of the neurotransmitters of
the brain, influences the key functional domains of the brain.
Personality, memory, physical, as well as attention issues, could also
manifest themselves as a result of a deficiency of GABA (National
Institute of Mental Health, 2008). Such issues may include chronic
pain, headache, backache, loss of muscle, palpitations, constipation,
insomnia chronic pain, urinary frequency, restlessness, rage,
incoherent flows of thoughts, and difficulties in paying attention.
Behavior regulation
The inhibitory and excitatory postsynaptic potentials, as well as the
transmitters and synaptic transmission, are actively involved in the
generation and control of various behaviors. In this regard, a
postsynaptic potential refers to an alteration of the ‘resting potential’,
following a presynaptic cell stimulus. According to Wickens (2005), a
positive postsynaptic excitatory potential comes about as a result of
positive cells.
On the other hand, if the cell turns out to be negative, then a negative
postsynaptic excitatory potential ensues. Wickens (2005) further
opines that neurotransmission comes about following a nerve impulse
accumulation at the axon hillock, located inside a neuron. As a result
of these nerve impulses accumulating, neurotransmission (otherwise
referred to as synaptic transmission) occurs. It is this synaptic
transmission, therefore, that enables the various neurons to
communicate.
Primary transmitters
There are about four transmitters that are often termed primary
transmitters. These include dopamine, serotonin, acetylcholine, and
GABA.
Serotonin
Serotonin production within the brain is associated with the occipital
brain lobes located next to the brain’s rear. This is the area that is
charged with the responsibility for vision control as well as a
regulation of one’s brain’s ability to go to ‘resynchronize’ and go to
rest (Murphy & Barkley, 2005). All of this is made possible thanks to
the generation of serotonin together with its accompanying delta
waves in the brain. At a time when the levels of serotonin in an
individual are quite well balanced, such an individual makes rational
thoughts, and they also tend to enjoy deep sleep.
An overproduction of serotonin may lead to paranoid and nervous
individuals. Besides, excessive serotonin levels could also result in
inferiority and inadequacy feelings, thereby leading to depression,
sadness, depression, and anger. It has also been shown that the
inception of serotonin deficiencies is often exhibited by such early
signs of warning that indicate a disengagement between, on the one
hand, the body and on the other hand, the mind (Wickens, 2005). A
number of these symptoms thus entails hallucinations, hypertension,
depression, palpitation, loner behavior, allergies, pain and aches in the
muscles, urinary frequencies, codependency, restlessness, loss of
memory, phobias, shyness, and perfectionism.
Acetylcholine
This is used in reference to the neurotransmitter that is generated by
neurons located at the brain’s parietal lobes. There is a correlation
between acetylcholine and the brain’s alpha waves, responsible for
regulating the speed of the brain. The neuron acetylcholine acts as a
lubricant, in effect ensuring that brain cells always remain in a moist
state, thereby enabling an easier passage of information and energy
through cells (Wickens, 2005). In addition, acetylcholine functions as
a building block of myelin, responsible for insulating the body, as well
as nerve protection.
A balance acetylcholine level results in a confident and creative
individual. It has been documented that virtually all the deficiencies of
acetylcholine result in dehydration. Some of the other diseases and
symptoms that may come about due to its deficiency include anxiety,
Alzheimer’s disease, inflammatory disorders, osteoporosis, mood
swings, bipolar disorder, memory disturbances, and disorders of
learning (National Institute of Mental Health, 2008).
Dopamine
This refers to those waves of the brain that are responsible for the
alertness exhibited by individuals. These brain waves get created from
dopamine-producing neurons, in the brain’s frontal lobes. Dopamine
plays the role of a natural amphetamine, thereby facilitating energy
control, motivation as well as excitement (Martin, 2006). In addition,
dopamine is responsible for controlling metabolism, voluntary
movements, blood pressure, digestion, setting of goals, intelligence,
production of adrenaline, abstract thoughts, and also facilitates in
making long-term plans.
On the other hand, its deficiency often results in anemia, a loss in
bone density, pain in the joints, disorders of the thyroid, depression,
mood swings, anger, forgetfulness, elevated blood pressure, instability
in blood sugar, and hyperactivity. Hormones or medications are
usually used in treating severe deficiencies of dopamine.
GABA
This transmitter is responsible for the production of calmness, and
also plays a role in the endorphins production. An individual that
exhibits a balanced level of GABA is often characterized by a sense of
reliability and stability (Martin, 2006). On the negative side, however,
GABA levels in excess may lead to individuals abandoning their
personal needs, and instead, opt to let the plight of others take center
stage. A deficiency of the GABA transmitters, at the early stage, may
entail irritability and nervousness, or even feelings of anxiety. At
times, individuals exhibiting these deficiencies may even start
experiences feelings of being stressed out, overwhelmed even, as well
as light-headedness, allergies, and aching muscles.
The deficiency of GABA, just like the rest of the neurotransmitters of
the brain, influences the key functional domains of the brain.
Personality, memory, physical, as well as attention issues, could also
manifest themselves as a result of a deficiency of GABA (National
Institute of Mental Health, 2008). Such issues may include chronic
pain, headache, backache, loss of muscle, palpitations, constipation,
insomnia chronic pain, urinary frequency, restlessness, rage,
incoherent flows of thoughts, and difficulties in paying attention.
Behavior regulation
The inhibitory and excitatory postsynaptic potentials, as well as the
transmitters and synaptic transmission, are actively involved in the
generation and control of various behaviors. In this regard, a
postsynaptic potential refers to an alteration of the ‘resting potential’,
following a presynaptic cell stimulus. According to Wickens (2005), a
positive postsynaptic excitatory potential comes about as a result of
positive cells.
On the other hand, if the cell turns out to be negative, then a negative
postsynaptic excitatory potential ensues. Wickens (2005) further
opines that neurotransmission comes about following a nerve impulse
accumulation at the axon hillock, located inside a neuron. As a result
of these nerve impulses accumulating, neurotransmission (otherwise
referred to as synaptic transmission) occurs. It is this synaptic
transmission, therefore, that enables the various neurons to
communicate.
Primary transmitters
There are about four transmitters that are often termed primary
transmitters. These include dopamine, serotonin, acetylcholine, and
GABA.
Serotonin
Serotonin production within the brain is associated with the occipital
brain lobes located next to the brain’s rear. This is the area that is
charged with the responsibility for vision control as well as a
regulation of one’s brain’s ability to go to ‘resynchronize’ and go to
rest (Murphy & Barkley, 2005). All of this is made possible thanks to
the generation of serotonin together with its accompanying delta
waves in the brain. At a time when the levels of serotonin in an
individual are quite well balanced, such an individual makes rational
thoughts, and they also tend to enjoy deep sleep.
An overproduction of serotonin may lead to paranoid and nervous
individuals. Besides, excessive serotonin levels could also result in
inferiority and inadequacy feelings, thereby leading to depression,
sadness, depression, and anger. It has also been shown that the
inception of serotonin deficiencies is often exhibited by such early
signs of warning that indicate a disengagement between, on the one
hand, the body and on the other hand, the mind (Wickens, 2005). A
number of these symptoms thus entails hallucinations, hypertension,
depression, palpitation, loner behavior, allergies, pain and aches in the
muscles, urinary frequencies, codependency, restlessness, loss of
memory, phobias, shyness, and perfectionism.
Acetylcholine
This is used in reference to the neurotransmitter that is generated by
neurons located at the brain’s parietal lobes. There is a correlation
between acetylcholine and the brain’s alpha waves, responsible for
regulating the speed of the brain. The neuron acetylcholine acts as a
lubricant, in effect ensuring that brain cells always remain in a moist
state, thereby enabling an easier passage of information and energy
through cells (Wickens, 2005). In addition, acetylcholine functions as
a building block of myelin, responsible for insulating the body, as well
as nerve protection.
A balance acetylcholine level results in a confident and creative
individual. It has been documented that virtually all the deficiencies of
acetylcholine result in dehydration. Some of the other diseases and
symptoms that may come about due to its deficiency include anxiety,
Alzheimer’s disease, inflammatory disorders, osteoporosis, mood
swings, bipolar disorder, memory disturbances, and disorders of
learning (National Institute of Mental Health, 2008).
Dopamine
This refers to those waves of the brain that are responsible for the
alertness exhibited by individuals. These brain waves get created from
dopamine-producing neurons, in the brain’s frontal lobes. Dopamine
plays the role of a natural amphetamine, thereby facilitating energy
control, motivation as well as excitement (Martin, 2006). In addition,
dopamine is responsible for controlling metabolism, voluntary
movements, blood pressure, digestion, setting of goals, intelligence,
production of adrenaline, abstract thoughts, and also facilitates in
making long-term plans.
On the other hand, its deficiency often results in anemia, a loss in
bone density, pain in the joints, disorders of the thyroid, depression,
mood swings, anger, forgetfulness, elevated blood pressure, instability
in blood sugar, and hyperactivity. Hormones or medications are
usually used in treating severe deficiencies of dopamine.
GABA
This transmitter is responsible for the production of calmness, and
also plays a role in the endorphins production. An individual that
exhibits a balanced level of GABA is often characterized by a sense of
reliability and stability (Martin, 2006). On the negative side, however,
GABA levels in excess may lead to individuals abandoning their
personal needs, and instead, opt to let the plight of others take center
stage. A deficiency of the GABA transmitters, at the early stage, may
entail irritability and nervousness, or even feelings of anxiety. At
times, individuals exhibiting these deficiencies may even start
experiences feelings of being stressed out, overwhelmed even, as well
as light-headedness, allergies, and aching muscles.
The deficiency of GABA, just like the rest of the neurotransmitters of
the brain, influences the key functional domains of the brain.
Personality, memory, physical, as well as attention issues, could also
manifest themselves as a result of a deficiency of GABA (National
Institute of Mental Health, 2008). Such issues may include chronic
pain, headache, backache, loss of muscle, palpitations, constipation,
insomnia chronic pain, urinary frequency, restlessness, rage,
incoherent flows of thoughts, and difficulties in paying attention.
Behavior regulation
The inhibitory and excitatory postsynaptic potentials, as well as the
transmitters and synaptic transmission, are actively involved in the
generation and control of various behaviors. In this regard, a
postsynaptic potential refers to an alteration of the ‘resting potential’,
following a presynaptic cell stimulus. According to Wickens (2005), a
positive postsynaptic excitatory potential comes about as a result of
positive cells.
On the other hand, if the cell turns out to be negative, then a negative
postsynaptic excitatory potential ensues. Wickens (2005) further
opines that neurotransmission comes about following a nerve impulse
accumulation at the axon hillock, located inside a neuron. As a result
of these nerve impulses accumulating, neurotransmission (otherwise
referred to as synaptic transmission) occurs. It is this synaptic
transmission, therefore, that enables the various neurons to
communicate.
Primary transmitters
There are about four transmitters that are often termed primary
transmitters. These include dopamine, serotonin, acetylcholine, and
GABA.
Serotonin
Serotonin production within the brain is associated with the occipital
brain lobes located next to the brain’s rear. This is the area that is
charged with the responsibility for vision control as well as a
regulation of one’s brain’s ability to go to ‘resynchronize’ and go to
rest (Murphy & Barkley, 2005). All of this is made possible thanks to
the generation of serotonin together with its accompanying delta
waves in the brain. At a time when the levels of serotonin in an
individual are quite well balanced, such an individual makes rational
thoughts, and they also tend to enjoy deep sleep.
An overproduction of serotonin may lead to paranoid and nervous
individuals. Besides, excessive serotonin levels could also result in
inferiority and inadequacy feelings, thereby leading to depression,
sadness, depression, and anger. It has also been shown that the
inception of serotonin deficiencies is often exhibited by such early
signs of warning that indicate a disengagement between, on the one
hand, the body and on the other hand, the mind (Wickens, 2005). A
number of these symptoms thus entails hallucinations, hypertension,
depression, palpitation, loner behavior, allergies, pain and aches in the
muscles, urinary frequencies, codependency, restlessness, loss of
memory, phobias, shyness, and perfectionism.
Acetylcholine
This is used in reference to the neurotransmitter that is generated by
neurons located at the brain’s parietal lobes. There is a correlation
between acetylcholine and the brain’s alpha waves, responsible for
regulating the speed of the brain. The neuron acetylcholine acts as a
lubricant, in effect ensuring that brain cells always remain in a moist
state, thereby enabling an easier passage of information and energy
through cells (Wickens, 2005). In addition, acetylcholine functions as
a building block of myelin, responsible for insulating the body, as well
as nerve protection.
A balance acetylcholine level results in a confident and creative
individual. It has been documented that virtually all the deficiencies of
acetylcholine result in dehydration. Some of the other diseases and
symptoms that may come about due to its deficiency include anxiety,
Alzheimer’s disease, inflammatory disorders, osteoporosis, mood
swings, bipolar disorder, memory disturbances, and disorders of
learning (National Institute of Mental Health, 2008).
Dopamine
This refers to those waves of the brain that are responsible for the
alertness exhibited by individuals. These brain waves get created from
dopamine-producing neurons, in the brain’s frontal lobes. Dopamine
plays the role of a natural amphetamine, thereby facilitating energy
control, motivation as well as excitement (Martin, 2006). In addition,
dopamine is responsible for controlling metabolism, voluntary
movements, blood pressure, digestion, setting of goals, intelligence,
production of adrenaline, abstract thoughts, and also facilitates in
making long-term plans.
On the other hand, its deficiency often results in anemia, a loss in
bone density, pain in the joints, disorders of the thyroid, depression,
mood swings, anger, forgetfulness, elevated blood pressure, instability
in blood sugar, and hyperactivity. Hormones or medications are
usually used in treating severe deficiencies of dopamine.
GABA
This transmitter is responsible for the production of calmness, and
also plays a role in the endorphins production. An individual that
exhibits a balanced level of GABA is often characterized by a sense of
reliability and stability (Martin, 2006). On the negative side, however,
GABA levels in excess may lead to individuals abandoning their
personal needs, and instead, opt to let the plight of others take center
stage. A deficiency of the GABA transmitters, at the early stage, may
entail irritability and nervousness, or even feelings of anxiety. At
times, individuals exhibiting these deficiencies may even start
experiences feelings of being stressed out, overwhelmed even, as well
as light-headedness, allergies, and aching muscles.
The deficiency of GABA, just like the rest of the neurotransmitters of
the brain, influences the key functional domains of the brain.
Personality, memory, physical, as well as attention issues, could also
manifest themselves as a result of a deficiency of GABA (National
Institute of Mental Health, 2008). Such issues may include chronic
pain, headache, backache, loss of muscle, palpitations, constipation,
insomnia chronic pain, urinary frequency, restlessness, rage,
incoherent flows of thoughts, and difficulties in paying attention.
Behavior regulation
The inhibitory and excitatory postsynaptic potentials, as well as the
transmitters and synaptic transmission, are actively involved in the
generation and control of various behaviors. In this regard, a
postsynaptic potential refers to an alteration of the ‘resting potential’,
following a presynaptic cell stimulus. According to Wickens (2005), a
positive postsynaptic excitatory potential comes about as a result of
positive cells.
On the other hand, if the cell turns out to be negative, then a negative
postsynaptic excitatory potential ensues. Wickens (2005) further
opines that neurotransmission comes about following a nerve impulse
accumulation at the axon hillock, located inside a neuron. As a result
of these nerve impulses accumulating, neurotransmission (otherwise
referred to as synaptic transmission) occurs. It is this synaptic
transmission, therefore, that enables the various neurons to
communicate.
Primary transmitters
There are about four transmitters that are often termed primary
transmitters. These include dopamine, serotonin, acetylcholine, and
GABA.
Serotonin
Serotonin production within the brain is associated with the occipital
brain lobes located next to the brain’s rear. This is the area that is
charged with the responsibility for vision control as well as a
regulation of one’s brain’s ability to go to ‘resynchronize’ and go to
rest (Murphy & Barkley, 2005). All of this is made possible thanks to
the generation of serotonin together with its accompanying delta
waves in the brain. At a time when the levels of serotonin in an
individual are quite well balanced, such an individual makes rational
thoughts, and they also tend to enjoy deep sleep.
An overproduction of serotonin may lead to paranoid and nervous
individuals. Besides, excessive serotonin levels could also result in
inferiority and inadequacy feelings, thereby leading to depression,
sadness, depression, and anger. It has also been shown that the
inception of serotonin deficiencies is often exhibited by such early
signs of warning that indicate a disengagement between, on the one
hand, the body and on the other hand, the mind (Wickens, 2005). A
number of these symptoms thus entails hallucinations, hypertension,
depression, palpitation, loner behavior, allergies, pain and aches in the
muscles, urinary frequencies, codependency, restlessness, loss of
memory, phobias, shyness, and perfectionism.
Acetylcholine
This is used in reference to the neurotransmitter that is generated by
neurons located at the brain’s parietal lobes. There is a correlation
between acetylcholine and the brain’s alpha waves, responsible for
regulating the speed of the brain. The neuron acetylcholine acts as a
lubricant, in effect ensuring that brain cells always remain in a moist
state, thereby enabling an easier passage of information and energy
through cells (Wickens, 2005). In addition, acetylcholine functions as
a building block of myelin, responsible for insulating the body, as well
as nerve protection.
A balance acetylcholine level results in a confident and creative
individual. It has been documented that virtually all the deficiencies of
acetylcholine result in dehydration. Some of the other diseases and
symptoms that may come about due to its deficiency include anxiety,
Alzheimer’s disease, inflammatory disorders, osteoporosis, mood
swings, bipolar disorder, memory disturbances, and disorders of
learning (National Institute of Mental Health, 2008).
Dopamine
This refers to those waves of the brain that are responsible for the
alertness exhibited by individuals. These brain waves get created from
dopamine-producing neurons, in the brain’s frontal lobes. Dopamine
plays the role of a natural amphetamine, thereby facilitating energy
control, motivation as well as excitement (Martin, 2006). In addition,
dopamine is responsible for controlling metabolism, voluntary
movements, blood pressure, digestion, setting of goals, intelligence,
production of adrenaline, abstract thoughts, and also facilitates in
making long-term plans.
On the other hand, its deficiency often results in anemia, a loss in
bone density, pain in the joints, disorders of the thyroid, depression,
mood swings, anger, forgetfulness, elevated blood pressure, instability
in blood sugar, and hyperactivity. Hormones or medications are
usually used in treating severe deficiencies of dopamine.
GABA
This transmitter is responsible for the production of calmness, and
also plays a role in the endorphins production. An individual that
exhibits a balanced level of GABA is often characterized by a sense of
reliability and stability (Martin, 2006). On the negative side, however,
GABA levels in excess may lead to individuals abandoning their
personal needs, and instead, opt to let the plight of others take center
stage. A deficiency of the GABA transmitters, at the early stage, may
entail irritability and nervousness, or even feelings of anxiety. At
times, individuals exhibiting these deficiencies may even start
experiences feelings of being stressed out, overwhelmed even, as well
as light-headedness, allergies, and aching muscles.
The deficiency of GABA, just like the rest of the neurotransmitters of
the brain, influences the key functional domains of the brain.
Personality, memory, physical, as well as attention issues, could also
manifest themselves as a result of a deficiency of GABA (National
Institute of Mental Health, 2008). Such issues may include chronic
pain, headache, backache, loss of muscle, palpitations, constipation,
insomnia chronic pain, urinary frequency, restlessness, rage,
incoherent flows of thoughts, and difficulties in paying attention.
Behavior regulation
The inhibitory and excitatory postsynaptic potentials, as well as the
transmitters and synaptic transmission, are actively involved in the
generation and control of various behaviors. In this regard, a
postsynaptic potential refers to an alteration of the ‘resting potential’,
following a presynaptic cell stimulus. According to Wickens (2005), a
positive postsynaptic excitatory potential comes about as a result of
positive cells.
On the other hand, if the cell turns out to be negative, then a negative
postsynaptic excitatory potential ensues. Wickens (2005) further
opines that neurotransmission comes about following a nerve impulse
accumulation at the axon hillock, located inside a neuron. As a result
of these nerve impulses accumulating, neurotransmission (otherwise
referred to as synaptic transmission) occurs. It is this synaptic
transmission, therefore, that enables the various neurons to
communicate.
Primary transmitters
There are about four transmitters that are often termed primary
transmitters. These include dopamine, serotonin, acetylcholine, and
GABA.
Serotonin
Serotonin production within the brain is associated with the occipital
brain lobes located next to the brain’s rear. This is the area that is
charged with the responsibility for vision control as well as a
regulation of one’s brain’s ability to go to ‘resynchronize’ and go to
rest (Murphy & Barkley, 2005). All of this is made possible thanks to
the generation of serotonin together with its accompanying delta
waves in the brain. At a time when the levels of serotonin in an
individual are quite well balanced, such an individual makes rational
thoughts, and they also tend to enjoy deep sleep.
An overproduction of serotonin may lead to paranoid and nervous
individuals. Besides, excessive serotonin levels could also result in
inferiority and inadequacy feelings, thereby leading to depression,
sadness, depression, and anger. It has also been shown that the
inception of serotonin deficiencies is often exhibited by such early
signs of warning that indicate a disengagement between, on the one
hand, the body and on the other hand, the mind (Wickens, 2005). A
number of these symptoms thus entails hallucinations, hypertension,
depression, palpitation, loner behavior, allergies, pain and aches in the
muscles, urinary frequencies, codependency, restlessness, loss of
memory, phobias, shyness, and perfectionism.
Acetylcholine
This is used in reference to the neurotransmitter that is generated by
neurons located at the brain’s parietal lobes. There is a correlation
between acetylcholine and the brain’s alpha waves, responsible for
regulating the speed of the brain. The neuron acetylcholine acts as a
lubricant, in effect ensuring that brain cells always remain in a moist
state, thereby enabling an easier passage of information and energy
through cells (Wickens, 2005). In addition, acetylcholine functions as
a building block of myelin, responsible for insulating the body, as well
as nerve protection.
A balance acetylcholine level results in a confident and creative
individual. It has been documented that virtually all the deficiencies of
acetylcholine result in dehydration. Some of the other diseases and
symptoms that may come about due to its deficiency include anxiety,
Alzheimer’s disease, inflammatory disorders, osteoporosis, mood
swings, bipolar disorder, memory disturbances, and disorders of
learning (National Institute of Mental Health, 2008).
Dopamine
This refers to those waves of the brain that are responsible for the
alertness exhibited by individuals. These brain waves get created from
dopamine-producing neurons, in the brain’s frontal lobes. Dopamine
plays the role of a natural amphetamine, thereby facilitating energy
control, motivation as well as excitement (Martin, 2006). In addition,
dopamine is responsible for controlling metabolism, voluntary
movements, blood pressure, digestion, setting of goals, intelligence,
production of adrenaline, abstract thoughts, and also facilitates in
making long-term plans.
On the other hand, its deficiency often results in anemia, a loss in
bone density, pain in the joints, disorders of the thyroid, depression,
mood swings, anger, forgetfulness, elevated blood pressure, instability
in blood sugar, and hyperactivity. Hormones or medications are
usually used in treating severe deficiencies of dopamine.
GABA
This transmitter is responsible for the production of calmness, and
also plays a role in the endorphins production. An individual that
exhibits a balanced level of GABA is often characterized by a sense of
reliability and stability (Martin, 2006). On the negative side, however,
GABA levels in excess may lead to individuals abandoning their
personal needs, and instead, opt to let the plight of others take center
stage. A deficiency of the GABA transmitters, at the early stage, may
entail irritability and nervousness, or even feelings of anxiety. At
times, individuals exhibiting these deficiencies may even start
experiences feelings of being stressed out, overwhelmed even, as well
as light-headedness, allergies, and aching muscles.
The deficiency of GABA, just like the rest of the neurotransmitters of
the brain, influences the key functional domains of the brain.
Personality, memory, physical, as well as attention issues, could also
manifest themselves as a result of a deficiency of GABA (National
Institute of Mental Health, 2008). Such issues may include chronic
pain, headache, backache, loss of muscle, palpitations, constipation,
insomnia chronic pain, urinary frequency, restlessness, rage,
incoherent flows of thoughts, and difficulties in paying attention.
Behavior regulation
The inhibitory and excitatory postsynaptic potentials, as well as the
transmitters and synaptic transmission, are actively involved in the
generation and control of various behaviors. In this regard, a
postsynaptic potential refers to an alteration of the ‘resting potential’,
following a presynaptic cell stimulus. According to Wickens (2005), a
positive postsynaptic excitatory potential comes about as a result of
positive cells.
On the other hand, if the cell turns out to be negative, then a negative
postsynaptic excitatory potential ensues. Wickens (2005) further
opines that neurotransmission comes about following a nerve impulse
accumulation at the axon hillock, located inside a neuron. As a result
of these nerve impulses accumulating, neurotransmission (otherwise
referred to as synaptic transmission) occurs. It is this synaptic
transmission, therefore, that enables the various neurons to
communicate.
Primary transmitters
There are about four transmitters that are often termed primary
transmitters. These include dopamine, serotonin, acetylcholine, and
GABA.
Serotonin
Serotonin production within the brain is associated with the occipital
brain lobes located next to the brain’s rear. This is the area that is
charged with the responsibility for vision control as well as a
regulation of one’s brain’s ability to go to ‘resynchronize’ and go to
rest (Murphy & Barkley, 2005). All of this is made possible thanks to
the generation of serotonin together with its accompanying delta
waves in the brain. At a time when the levels of serotonin in an
individual are quite well balanced, such an individual makes rational
thoughts, and they also tend to enjoy deep sleep.
An overproduction of serotonin may lead to paranoid and nervous
individuals. Besides, excessive serotonin levels could also result in
inferiority and inadequacy feelings, thereby leading to depression,
sadness, depression, and anger. It has also been shown that the
inception of serotonin deficiencies is often exhibited by such early
signs of warning that indicate a disengagement between, on the one
hand, the body and on the other hand, the mind (Wickens, 2005). A
number of these symptoms thus entails hallucinations, hypertension,
depression, palpitation, loner behavior, allergies, pain and aches in the
muscles, urinary frequencies, codependency, restlessness, loss of
memory, phobias, shyness, and perfectionism.
Acetylcholine
This is used in reference to the neurotransmitter that is generated by
neurons located at the brain’s parietal lobes. There is a correlation
between acetylcholine and the brain’s alpha waves, responsible for
regulating the speed of the brain. The neuron acetylcholine acts as a
lubricant, in effect ensuring that brain cells always remain in a moist
state, thereby enabling an easier passage of information and energy
through cells (Wickens, 2005). In addition, acetylcholine functions as
a building block of myelin, responsible for insulating the body, as well
as nerve protection.
A balance acetylcholine level results in a confident and creative
individual. It has been documented that virtually all the deficiencies of
acetylcholine result in dehydration. Some of the other diseases and
symptoms that may come about due to its deficiency include anxiety,
Alzheimer’s disease, inflammatory disorders, osteoporosis, mood
swings, bipolar disorder, memory disturbances, and disorders of
learning (National Institute of Mental Health, 2008).
Dopamine
This refers to those waves of the brain that are responsible for the
alertness exhibited by individuals. These brain waves get created from
dopamine-producing neurons, in the brain’s frontal lobes. Dopamine
plays the role of a natural amphetamine, thereby facilitating energy
control, motivation as well as excitement (Martin, 2006). In addition,
dopamine is responsible for controlling metabolism, voluntary
movements, blood pressure, digestion, setting of goals, intelligence,
production of adrenaline, abstract thoughts, and also facilitates in
making long-term plans.
On the other hand, its deficiency often results in anemia, a loss in
bone density, pain in the joints, disorders of the thyroid, depression,
mood swings, anger, forgetfulness, elevated blood pressure, instability
in blood sugar, and hyperactivity. Hormones or medications are
usually used in treating severe deficiencies of dopamine.
GABA
This transmitter is responsible for the production of calmness, and
also plays a role in the endorphins production. An individual that
exhibits a balanced level of GABA is often characterized by a sense of
reliability and stability (Martin, 2006). On the negative side, however,
GABA levels in excess may lead to individuals abandoning their
personal needs, and instead, opt to let the plight of others take center
stage. A deficiency of the GABA transmitters, at the early stage, may
entail irritability and nervousness, or even feelings of anxiety. At
times, individuals exhibiting these deficiencies may even start
experiences feelings of being stressed out, overwhelmed even, as well
as light-headedness, allergies, and aching muscles.
The deficiency of GABA, just like the rest of the neurotransmitters of
the brain, influences the key functional domains of the brain.
Personality, memory, physical, as well as attention issues, could also
manifest themselves as a result of a deficiency of GABA (National
Institute of Mental Health, 2008). Such issues may include chronic
pain, headache, backache, loss of muscle, palpitations, constipation,
insomnia chronic pain, urinary frequency, restlessness, rage,
incoherent flows of thoughts, and difficulties in paying attention.
Behavior regulation
The inhibitory and excitatory postsynaptic potentials, as well as the
transmitters and synaptic transmission, are actively involved in the
generation and control of various behaviors. In this regard, a
postsynaptic potential refers to an alteration of the ‘resting potential’,
following a presynaptic cell stimulus. According to Wickens (2005), a
positive postsynaptic excitatory potential comes about as a result of
positive cells.
On the other hand, if the cell turns out to be negative, then a negative
postsynaptic excitatory potential ensues. Wickens (2005) further
opines that neurotransmission comes about following a nerve impulse
accumulation at the axon hillock, located inside a neuron. As a result
of these nerve impulses accumulating, neurotransmission (otherwise
referred to as synaptic transmission) occurs. It is this synaptic
transmission, therefore, that enables the various neurons to
communicate.
Primary transmitters
There are about four transmitters that are often termed primary
transmitters. These include dopamine, serotonin, acetylcholine, and
GABA.
Serotonin
Serotonin production within the brain is associated with the occipital
brain lobes located next to the brain’s rear. This is the area that is
charged with the responsibility for vision control as well as a
regulation of one’s brain’s ability to go to ‘resynchronize’ and go to
rest (Murphy & Barkley, 2005). All of this is made possible thanks to
the generation of serotonin together with its accompanying delta
waves in the brain. At a time when the levels of serotonin in an
individual are quite well balanced, such an individual makes rational
thoughts, and they also tend to enjoy deep sleep.
An overproduction of serotonin may lead to paranoid and nervous
individuals. Besides, excessive serotonin levels could also result in
inferiority and inadequacy feelings, thereby leading to depression,
sadness, depression, and anger. It has also been shown that the
inception of serotonin deficiencies is often exhibited by such early
signs of warning that indicate a disengagement between, on the one
hand, the body and on the other hand, the mind (Wickens, 2005). A
number of these symptoms thus entails hallucinations, hypertension,
depression, palpitation, loner behavior, allergies, pain and aches in the
muscles, urinary frequencies, codependency, restlessness, loss of
memory, phobias, shyness, and perfectionism.
Acetylcholine
This is used in reference to the neurotransmitter that is generated by
neurons located at the brain’s parietal lobes. There is a correlation
between acetylcholine and the brain’s alpha waves, responsible for
regulating the speed of the brain. The neuron acetylcholine acts as a
lubricant, in effect ensuring that brain cells always remain in a moist
state, thereby enabling an easier passage of information and energy
through cells (Wickens, 2005). In addition, acetylcholine functions as
a building block of myelin, responsible for insulating the body, as well
as nerve protection.
A balance acetylcholine level results in a confident and creative
individual. It has been documented that virtually all the deficiencies of
acetylcholine result in dehydration. Some of the other diseases and
symptoms that may come about due to its deficiency include anxiety,
Alzheimer’s disease, inflammatory disorders, osteoporosis, mood
swings, bipolar disorder, memory disturbances, and disorders of
learning (National Institute of Mental Health, 2008).
Dopamine
This refers to those waves of the brain that are responsible for the
alertness exhibited by individuals. These brain waves get created from
dopamine-producing neurons, in the brain’s frontal lobes. Dopamine
plays the role of a natural amphetamine, thereby facilitating energy
control, motivation as well as excitement (Martin, 2006). In addition,
dopamine is responsible for controlling metabolism, voluntary
movements, blood pressure, digestion, setting of goals, intelligence,
production of adrenaline, abstract thoughts, and also facilitates in
making long-term plans.
On the other hand, its deficiency often results in anemia, a loss in
bone density, pain in the joints, disorders of the thyroid, depression,
mood swings, anger, forgetfulness, elevated blood pressure, instability
in blood sugar, and hyperactivity. Hormones or medications are
usually used in treating severe deficiencies of dopamine.
GABA
This transmitter is responsible for the production of calmness, and
also plays a role in the endorphins production. An individual that
exhibits a balanced level of GABA is often characterized by a sense of
reliability and stability (Martin, 2006). On the negative side, however,
GABA levels in excess may lead to individuals abandoning their
personal needs, and instead, opt to let the plight of others take center
stage. A deficiency of the GABA transmitters, at the early stage, may
entail irritability and nervousness, or even feelings of anxiety. At
times, individuals exhibiting these deficiencies may even start
experiences feelings of being stressed out, overwhelmed even, as well
as light-headedness, allergies, and aching muscles.
The deficiency of GABA, just like the rest of the neurotransmitters of
the brain, influences the key functional domains of the brain.
Personality, memory, physical, as well as attention issues, could also
manifest themselves as a result of a deficiency of GABA (National
Institute of Mental Health, 2008). Such issues may include chronic
pain, headache, backache, loss of muscle, palpitations, constipation,
insomnia chronic pain, urinary frequency, restlessness, rage,
incoherent flows of thoughts, and difficulties in paying attention.
Behavior regulation
The inhibitory and excitatory postsynaptic potentials, as well as the
transmitters and synaptic transmission, are actively involved in the
generation and control of various behaviors. In this regard, a
postsynaptic potential refers to an alteration of the ‘resting potential’,
following a presynaptic cell stimulus. According to Wickens (2005), a
positive postsynaptic excitatory potential comes about as a result of
positive cells.
On the other hand, if the cell turns out to be negative, then a negative
postsynaptic excitatory potential ensues. Wickens (2005) further
opines that neurotransmission comes about following a nerve impulse
accumulation at the axon hillock, located inside a neuron. As a result
of these nerve impulses accumulating, neurotransmission (otherwise
referred to as synaptic transmission) occurs. It is this synaptic
transmission, therefore, that enables the various neurons to
communicate.
Primary transmitters
There are about four transmitters that are often termed primary
transmitters. These include dopamine, serotonin, acetylcholine, and
GABA.
Serotonin
Serotonin production within the brain is associated with the occipital
brain lobes located next to the brain’s rear. This is the area that is
charged with the responsibility for vision control as well as a
regulation of one’s brain’s ability to go to ‘resynchronize’ and go to
rest (Murphy & Barkley, 2005). All of this is made possible thanks to
the generation of serotonin together with its accompanying delta
waves in the brain. At a time when the levels of serotonin in an
individual are quite well balanced, such an individual makes rational
thoughts, and they also tend to enjoy deep sleep.
An overproduction of serotonin may lead to paranoid and nervous
individuals. Besides, excessive serotonin levels could also result in
inferiority and inadequacy feelings, thereby leading to depression,
sadness, depression, and anger. It has also been shown that the
inception of serotonin deficiencies is often exhibited by such early
signs of warning that indicate a disengagement between, on the one
hand, the body and on the other hand, the mind (Wickens, 2005). A
number of these symptoms thus entails hallucinations, hypertension,
depression, palpitation, loner behavior, allergies, pain and aches in the
muscles, urinary frequencies, codependency, restlessness, loss of
memory, phobias, shyness, and perfectionism.
Acetylcholine
This is used in reference to the neurotransmitter that is generated by
neurons located at the brain’s parietal lobes. There is a correlation
between acetylcholine and the brain’s alpha waves, responsible for
regulating the speed of the brain. The neuron acetylcholine acts as a
lubricant, in effect ensuring that brain cells always remain in a moist
state, thereby enabling an easier passage of information and energy
through cells (Wickens, 2005). In addition, acetylcholine functions as
a building block of myelin, responsible for insulating the body, as well
as nerve protection.
A balance acetylcholine level results in a confident and creative
individual. It has been documented that virtually all the deficiencies of
acetylcholine result in dehydration. Some of the other diseases and
symptoms that may come about due to its deficiency include anxiety,
Alzheimer’s disease, inflammatory disorders, osteoporosis, mood
swings, bipolar disorder, memory disturbances, and disorders of
learning (National Institute of Mental Health, 2008).
Dopamine
This refers to those waves of the brain that are responsible for the
alertness exhibited by individuals. These brain waves get created from
dopamine-producing neurons, in the brain’s frontal lobes. Dopamine
plays the role of a natural amphetamine, thereby facilitating energy
control, motivation as well as excitement (Martin, 2006). In addition,
dopamine is responsible for controlling metabolism, voluntary
movements, blood pressure, digestion, setting of goals, intelligence,
production of adrenaline, abstract thoughts, and also facilitates in
making long-term plans.
On the other hand, its deficiency often results in anemia, a loss in
bone density, pain in the joints, disorders of the thyroid, depression,
mood swings, anger, forgetfulness, elevated blood pressure, instability
in blood sugar, and hyperactivity. Hormones or medications are
usually used in treating severe deficiencies of dopamine.
GABA
This transmitter is responsible for the production of calmness, and
also plays a role in the endorphins production. An individual that
exhibits a balanced level of GABA is often characterized by a sense of
reliability and stability (Martin, 2006). On the negative side, however,
GABA levels in excess may lead to individuals abandoning their
personal needs, and instead, opt to let the plight of others take center
stage. A deficiency of the GABA transmitters, at the early stage, may
entail irritability and nervousness, or even feelings of anxiety. At
times, individuals exhibiting these deficiencies may even start
experiences feelings of being stressed out, overwhelmed even, as well
as light-headedness, allergies, and aching muscles.
The deficiency of GABA, just like the rest of the neurotransmitters of
the brain, influences the key functional domains of the brain.
Personality, memory, physical, as well as attention issues, could also
manifest themselves as a result of a deficiency of GABA (National
Institute of Mental Health, 2008). Such issues may include chronic
pain, headache, backache, loss of muscle, palpitations, constipation,
insomnia chronic pain, urinary frequency, restlessness, rage,
incoherent flows of thoughts, and difficulties in paying attention.
Behavior regulation
The inhibitory and excitatory postsynaptic potentials, as well as the
transmitters and synaptic transmission, are actively involved in the
generation and control of various behaviors. In this regard, a
postsynaptic potential refers to an alteration of the ‘resting potential’,
following a presynaptic cell stimulus. According to Wickens (2005), a
positive postsynaptic excitatory potential comes about as a result of
positive cells.
On the other hand, if the cell turns out to be negative, then a negative
postsynaptic excitatory potential ensues. Wickens (2005) further
opines that neurotransmission comes about following a nerve impulse
accumulation at the axon hillock, located inside a neuron. As a result
of these nerve impulses accumulating, neurotransmission (otherwise
referred to as synaptic transmission) occurs. It is this synaptic
transmission, therefore, that enables the various neurons to
communicate.
Primary transmitters
There are about four transmitters that are often termed primary
transmitters. These include dopamine, serotonin, acetylcholine, and
GABA.
Serotonin
Serotonin production within the brain is associated with the occipital
brain lobes located next to the brain’s rear. This is the area that is
charged with the responsibility for vision control as well as a
regulation of one’s brain’s ability to go to ‘resynchronize’ and go to
rest (Murphy & Barkley, 2005). All of this is made possible thanks to
the generation of serotonin together with its accompanying delta
waves in the brain. At a time when the levels of serotonin in an
individual are quite well balanced, such an individual makes rational
thoughts, and they also tend to enjoy deep sleep.
An overproduction of serotonin may lead to paranoid and nervous
individuals. Besides, excessive serotonin levels could also result in
inferiority and inadequacy feelings, thereby leading to depression,
sadness, depression, and anger. It has also been shown that the
inception of serotonin deficiencies is often exhibited by such early
signs of warning that indicate a disengagement between, on the one
hand, the body and on the other hand, the mind (Wickens, 2005). A
number of these symptoms thus entails hallucinations, hypertension,
depression, palpitation, loner behavior, allergies, pain and aches in the
muscles, urinary frequencies, codependency, restlessness, loss of
memory, phobias, shyness, and perfectionism.
Acetylcholine
This is used in reference to the neurotransmitter that is generated by
neurons located at the brain’s parietal lobes. There is a correlation
between acetylcholine and the brain’s alpha waves, responsible for
regulating the speed of the brain. The neuron acetylcholine acts as a
lubricant, in effect ensuring that brain cells always remain in a moist
state, thereby enabling an easier passage of information and energy
through cells (Wickens, 2005). In addition, acetylcholine functions as
a building block of myelin, responsible for insulating the body, as well
as nerve protection.
A balance acetylcholine level results in a confident and creative
individual. It has been documented that virtually all the deficiencies of
acetylcholine result in dehydration. Some of the other diseases and
symptoms that may come about due to its deficiency include anxiety,
Alzheimer’s disease, inflammatory disorders, osteoporosis, mood
swings, bipolar disorder, memory disturbances, and disorders of
learning (National Institute of Mental Health, 2008).
Dopamine
This refers to those waves of the brain that are responsible for the
alertness exhibited by individuals. These brain waves get created from
dopamine-producing neurons, in the brain’s frontal lobes. Dopamine
plays the role of a natural amphetamine, thereby facilitating energy
control, motivation as well as excitement (Martin, 2006). In addition,
dopamine is responsible for controlling metabolism, voluntary
movements, blood pressure, digestion, setting of goals, intelligence,
production of adrenaline, abstract thoughts, and also facilitates in
making long-term plans.
On the other hand, its deficiency often results in anemia, a loss in
bone density, pain in the joints, disorders of the thyroid, depression,
mood swings, anger, forgetfulness, elevated blood pressure, instability
in blood sugar, and hyperactivity. Hormones or medications are
usually used in treating severe deficiencies of dopamine.
GABA
This transmitter is responsible for the production of calmness, and
also plays a role in the endorphins production. An individual that
exhibits a balanced level of GABA is often characterized by a sense of
reliability and stability (Martin, 2006). On the negative side, however,
GABA levels in excess may lead to individuals abandoning their
personal needs, and instead, opt to let the plight of others take center
stage. A deficiency of the GABA transmitters, at the early stage, may
entail irritability and nervousness, or even feelings of anxiety. At
times, individuals exhibiting these deficiencies may even start
experiences feelings of being stressed out, overwhelmed even, as well
as light-headedness, allergies, and aching muscles.
The deficiency of GABA, just like the rest of the neurotransmitters of
the brain, influences the key functional domains of the brain.
Personality, memory, physical, as well as attention issues, could also
manifest themselves as a result of a deficiency of GABA (National
Institute of Mental Health, 2008). Such issues may include chronic
pain, headache, backache, loss of muscle, palpitations, constipation,
insomnia chronic pain, urinary frequency, restlessness, rage,
incoherent flows of thoughts, and difficulties in paying attention.
Behavior regulation
The inhibitory and excitatory postsynaptic potentials, as well as the
transmitters and synaptic transmission, are actively involved in the
generation and control of various behaviors. In this regard, a
postsynaptic potential refers to an alteration of the ‘resting potential’,
following a presynaptic cell stimulus. According to Wickens (2005), a
positive postsynaptic excitatory potential comes about as a result of
positive cells.
On the other hand, if the cell turns out to be negative, then a negative
postsynaptic excitatory potential ensues. Wickens (2005) further
opines that neurotransmission comes about following a nerve impulse
accumulation at the axon hillock, located inside a neuron. As a result
of these nerve impulses accumulating, neurotransmission (otherwise
referred to as synaptic transmission) occurs. It is this synaptic
transmission, therefore, that enables the various neurons to
communicate.
Primary transmitters
There are about four transmitters that are often termed primary
transmitters. These include dopamine, serotonin, acetylcholine, and
GABA.
Serotonin
Serotonin production within the brain is associated with the occipital
brain lobes located next to the brain’s rear. This is the area that is
charged with the responsibility for vision control as well as a
regulation of one’s brain’s ability to go to ‘resynchronize’ and go to
rest (Murphy & Barkley, 2005). All of this is made possible thanks to
the generation of serotonin together with its accompanying delta
waves in the brain. At a time when the levels of serotonin in an
individual are quite well balanced, such an individual makes rational
thoughts, and they also tend to enjoy deep sleep.
An overproduction of serotonin may lead to paranoid and nervous
individuals. Besides, excessive serotonin levels could also result in
inferiority and inadequacy feelings, thereby leading to depression,
sadness, depression, and anger. It has also been shown that the
inception of serotonin deficiencies is often exhibited by such early
signs of warning that indicate a disengagement between, on the one
hand, the body and on the other hand, the mind (Wickens, 2005). A
number of these symptoms thus entails hallucinations, hypertension,
depression, palpitation, loner behavior, allergies, pain and aches in the
muscles, urinary frequencies, codependency, restlessness, loss of
memory, phobias, shyness, and perfectionism.
Acetylcholine
This is used in reference to the neurotransmitter that is generated by
neurons located at the brain’s parietal lobes. There is a correlation
between acetylcholine and the brain’s alpha waves, responsible for
regulating the speed of the brain. The neuron acetylcholine acts as a
lubricant, in effect ensuring that brain cells always remain in a moist
state, thereby enabling an easier passage of information and energy
through cells (Wickens, 2005). In addition, acetylcholine functions as
a building block of myelin, responsible for insulating the body, as well
as nerve protection.
A balance acetylcholine level results in a confident and creative
individual. It has been documented that virtually all the deficiencies of
acetylcholine result in dehydration. Some of the other diseases and
symptoms that may come about due to its deficiency include anxiety,
Alzheimer’s disease, inflammatory disorders, osteoporosis, mood
swings, bipolar disorder, memory disturbances, and disorders of
learning (National Institute of Mental Health, 2008).
Dopamine
This refers to those waves of the brain that are responsible for the
alertness exhibited by individuals. These brain waves get created from
dopamine-producing neurons, in the brain’s frontal lobes. Dopamine
plays the role of a natural amphetamine, thereby facilitating energy
control, motivation as well as excitement (Martin, 2006). In addition,
dopamine is responsible for controlling metabolism, voluntary
movements, blood pressure, digestion, setting of goals, intelligence,
production of adrenaline, abstract thoughts, and also facilitates in
making long-term plans.
On the other hand, its deficiency often results in anemia, a loss in
bone density, pain in the joints, disorders of the thyroid, depression,
mood swings, anger, forgetfulness, elevated blood pressure, instability
in blood sugar, and hyperactivity. Hormones or medications are
usually used in treating severe deficiencies of dopamine.
GABA
This transmitter is responsible for the production of calmness, and
also plays a role in the endorphins production. An individual that
exhibits a balanced level of GABA is often characterized by a sense of
reliability and stability (Martin, 2006). On the negative side, however,
GABA levels in excess may lead to individuals abandoning their
personal needs, and instead, opt to let the plight of others take center
stage. A deficiency of the GABA transmitters, at the early stage, may
entail irritability and nervousness, or even feelings of anxiety. At
times, individuals exhibiting these deficiencies may even start
experiences feelings of being stressed out, overwhelmed even, as well
as light-headedness, allergies, and aching muscles.
The deficiency of GABA, just like the rest of the neurotransmitters of
the brain, influences the key functional domains of the brain.
Personality, memory, physical, as well as attention issues, could also
manifest themselves as a result of a deficiency of GABA (National
Institute of Mental Health, 2008). Such issues may include chronic
pain, headache, backache, loss of muscle, palpitations, constipation,
insomnia chronic pain, urinary frequency, restlessness, rage,
incoherent flows of thoughts, and difficulties in paying attention.
Behavior regulation
The inhibitory and excitatory postsynaptic potentials, as well as the
transmitters and synaptic transmission, are actively involved in the
generation and control of various behaviors. In this regard, a
postsynaptic potential refers to an alteration of the ‘resting potential’,
following a presynaptic cell stimulus. According to Wickens (2005), a
positive postsynaptic excitatory potential comes about as a result of
positive cells.
On the other hand, if the cell turns out to be negative, then a negative
postsynaptic excitatory potential ensues. Wickens (2005) further
opines that neurotransmission comes about following a nerve impulse
accumulation at the axon hillock, located inside a neuron. As a result
of these nerve impulses accumulating, neurotransmission (otherwise
referred to as synaptic transmission) occurs. It is this synaptic
transmission, therefore, that enables the various neurons to
communicate.
Primary transmitters
There are about four transmitters that are often termed primary
transmitters. These include dopamine, serotonin, acetylcholine, and
GABA.
Serotonin
Serotonin production within the brain is associated with the occipital
brain lobes located next to the brain’s rear. This is the area that is
charged with the responsibility for vision control as well as a
regulation of one’s brain’s ability to go to ‘resynchronize’ and go to
rest (Murphy & Barkley, 2005). All of this is made possible thanks to
the generation of serotonin together with its accompanying delta
waves in the brain. At a time when the levels of serotonin in an
individual are quite well balanced, such an individual makes rational
thoughts, and they also tend to enjoy deep sleep.
An overproduction of serotonin may lead to paranoid and nervous
individuals. Besides, excessive serotonin levels could also result in
inferiority and inadequacy feelings, thereby leading to depression,
sadness, depression, and anger. It has also been shown that the
inception of serotonin deficiencies is often exhibited by such early
signs of warning that indicate a disengagement between, on the one
hand, the body and on the other hand, the mind (Wickens, 2005). A
number of these symptoms thus entails hallucinations, hypertension,
depression, palpitation, loner behavior, allergies, pain and aches in the
muscles, urinary frequencies, codependency, restlessness, loss of
memory, phobias, shyness, and perfectionism.
Acetylcholine
This is used in reference to the neurotransmitter that is generated by
neurons located at the brain’s parietal lobes. There is a correlation
between acetylcholine and the brain’s alpha waves, responsible for
regulating the speed of the brain. The neuron acetylcholine acts as a
lubricant, in effect ensuring that brain cells always remain in a moist
state, thereby enabling an easier passage of information and energy
through cells (Wickens, 2005). In addition, acetylcholine functions as
a building block of myelin, responsible for insulating the body, as well
as nerve protection.
A balance acetylcholine level results in a confident and creative
individual. It has been documented that virtually all the deficiencies of
acetylcholine result in dehydration. Some of the other diseases and
symptoms that may come about due to its deficiency include anxiety,
Alzheimer’s disease, inflammatory disorders, osteoporosis, mood
swings, bipolar disorder, memory disturbances, and disorders of
learning (National Institute of Mental Health, 2008).
Dopamine
This refers to those waves of the brain that are responsible for the
alertness exhibited by individuals. These brain waves get created from
dopamine-producing neurons, in the brain’s frontal lobes. Dopamine
plays the role of a natural amphetamine, thereby facilitating energy
control, motivation as well as excitement (Martin, 2006). In addition,
dopamine is responsible for controlling metabolism, voluntary
movements, blood pressure, digestion, setting of goals, intelligence,
production of adrenaline, abstract thoughts, and also facilitates in
making long-term plans.
On the other hand, its deficiency often results in anemia, a loss in
bone density, pain in the joints, disorders of the thyroid, depression,
mood swings, anger, forgetfulness, elevated blood pressure, instability
in blood sugar, and hyperactivity. Hormones or medications are
usually used in treating severe deficiencies of dopamine.
GABA
This transmitter is responsible for the production of calmness, and
also plays a role in the endorphins production. An individual that
exhibits a balanced level of GABA is often characterized by a sense of
reliability and stability (Martin, 2006). On the negative side, however,
GABA levels in excess may lead to individuals abandoning their
personal needs, and instead, opt to let the plight of others take center
stage. A deficiency of the GABA transmitters, at the early stage, may
entail irritability and nervousness, or even feelings of anxiety. At
times, individuals exhibiting these deficiencies may even start
experiences feelings of being stressed out, overwhelmed even, as well
as light-headedness, allergies, and aching muscles.
The deficiency of GABA, just like the rest of the neurotransmitters of
the brain, influences the key functional domains of the brain.
Personality, memory, physical, as well as attention issues, could also
manifest themselves as a result of a deficiency of GABA (National
Institute of Mental Health, 2008). Such issues may include chronic
pain, headache, backache, loss of muscle, palpitations, constipation,
insomnia chronic pain, urinary frequency, restlessness, rage,
incoherent flows of thoughts, and difficulties in paying attention.
Behavior regulation
The inhibitory and excitatory postsynaptic potentials, as well as the
transmitters and synaptic transmission, are actively involved in the
generation and control of various behaviors. In this regard, a
postsynaptic potential refers to an alteration of the ‘resting potential’,
following a presynaptic cell stimulus. According to Wickens (2005), a
positive postsynaptic excitatory potential comes about as a result of
positive cells.
On the other hand, if the cell turns out to be negative, then a negative
postsynaptic excitatory potential ensues. Wickens (2005) further
opines that neurotransmission comes about following a nerve impulse
accumulation at the axon hillock, located inside a neuron. As a result
of these nerve impulses accumulating, neurotransmission (otherwise
referred to as synaptic transmission) occurs. It is this synaptic
transmission, therefore, that enables the various neurons to
communicate.
Primary transmitters
There are about four transmitters that are often termed primary
transmitters. These include dopamine, serotonin, acetylcholine, and
GABA.
Serotonin
Serotonin production within the brain is associated with the occipital
brain lobes located next to the brain’s rear. This is the area that is
charged with the responsibility for vision control as well as a
regulation of one’s brain’s ability to go to ‘resynchronize’ and go to
rest (Murphy & Barkley, 2005). All of this is made possible thanks to
the generation of serotonin together with its accompanying delta
waves in the brain. At a time when the levels of serotonin in an
individual are quite well balanced, such an individual makes rational
thoughts, and they also tend to enjoy deep sleep.
An overproduction of serotonin may lead to paranoid and nervous
individuals. Besides, excessive serotonin levels could also result in
inferiority and inadequacy feelings, thereby leading to depression,
sadness, depression, and anger. It has also been shown that the
inception of serotonin deficiencies is often exhibited by such early
signs of warning that indicate a disengagement between, on the one
hand, the body and on the other hand, the mind (Wickens, 2005). A
number of these symptoms thus entails hallucinations, hypertension,
depression, palpitation, loner behavior, allergies, pain and aches in the
muscles, urinary frequencies, codependency, restlessness, loss of
memory, phobias, shyness, and perfectionism.
Acetylcholine
This is used in reference to the neurotransmitter that is generated by
neurons located at the brain’s parietal lobes. There is a correlation
between acetylcholine and the brain’s alpha waves, responsible for
regulating the speed of the brain. The neuron acetylcholine acts as a
lubricant, in effect ensuring that brain cells always remain in a moist
state, thereby enabling an easier passage of information and energy
through cells (Wickens, 2005). In addition, acetylcholine functions as
a building block of myelin, responsible for insulating the body, as well
as nerve protection.
A balance acetylcholine level results in a confident and creative
individual. It has been documented that virtually all the deficiencies of
acetylcholine result in dehydration. Some of the other diseases and
symptoms that may come about due to its deficiency include anxiety,
Alzheimer’s disease, inflammatory disorders, osteoporosis, mood
swings, bipolar disorder, memory disturbances, and disorders of
learning (National Institute of Mental Health, 2008).
Dopamine
This refers to those waves of the brain that are responsible for the
alertness exhibited by individuals. These brain waves get created from
dopamine-producing neurons, in the brain’s frontal lobes. Dopamine
plays the role of a natural amphetamine, thereby facilitating energy
control, motivation as well as excitement (Martin, 2006). In addition,
dopamine is responsible for controlling metabolism, voluntary
movements, blood pressure, digestion, setting of goals, intelligence,
production of adrenaline, abstract thoughts, and also facilitates in
making long-term plans.
On the other hand, its deficiency often results in anemia, a loss in
bone density, pain in the joints, disorders of the thyroid, depression,
mood swings, anger, forgetfulness, elevated blood pressure, instability
in blood sugar, and hyperactivity. Hormones or medications are
usually used in treating severe deficiencies of dopamine.
GABA
This transmitter is responsible for the production of calmness, and
also plays a role in the endorphins production. An individual that
exhibits a balanced level of GABA is often characterized by a sense of
reliability and stability (Martin, 2006). On the negative side, however,
GABA levels in excess may lead to individuals abandoning their
personal needs, and instead, opt to let the plight of others take center
stage. A deficiency of the GABA transmitters, at the early stage, may
entail irritability and nervousness, or even feelings of anxiety. At
times, individuals exhibiting these deficiencies may even start
experiences feelings of being stressed out, overwhelmed even, as well
as light-headedness, allergies, and aching muscles.
The deficiency of GABA, just like the rest of the neurotransmitters of
the brain, influences the key functional domains of the brain.
Personality, memory, physical, as well as attention issues, could also
manifest themselves as a result of a deficiency of GABA (National
Institute of Mental Health, 2008). Such issues may include chronic
pain, headache, backache, loss of muscle, palpitations, constipation,
insomnia chronic pain, urinary frequency, restlessness, rage,
incoherent flows of thoughts, and difficulties in paying attention.
Behavior regulation
The inhibitory and excitatory postsynaptic potentials, as well as the
transmitters and synaptic transmission, are actively involved in the
generation and control of various behaviors. In this regard, a
postsynaptic potential refers to an alteration of the ‘resting potential’,
following a presynaptic cell stimulus. According to Wickens (2005), a
positive postsynaptic excitatory potential comes about as a result of
positive cells.
On the other hand, if the cell turns out to be negative, then a negative
postsynaptic excitatory potential ensues. Wickens (2005) further
opines that neurotransmission comes about following a nerve impulse
accumulation at the axon hillock, located inside a neuron. As a result
of these nerve impulses accumulating, neurotransmission (otherwise
referred to as synaptic transmission) occurs. It is this synaptic
transmission, therefore, that enables the various neurons to
communicate.
Primary transmitters
There are about four transmitters that are often termed primary
transmitters. These include dopamine, serotonin, acetylcholine, and
GABA.
Serotonin
Serotonin production within the brain is associated with the occipital
brain lobes located next to the brain’s rear. This is the area that is
charged with the responsibility for vision control as well as a
regulation of one’s brain’s ability to go to ‘resynchronize’ and go to
rest (Murphy & Barkley, 2005). All of this is made possible thanks to
the generation of serotonin together with its accompanying delta
waves in the brain. At a time when the levels of serotonin in an
individual are quite well balanced, such an individual makes rational
thoughts, and they also tend to enjoy deep sleep.
An overproduction of serotonin may lead to paranoid and nervous
individuals. Besides, excessive serotonin levels could also result in
inferiority and inadequacy feelings, thereby leading to depression,
sadness, depression, and anger. It has also been shown that the
inception of serotonin deficiencies is often exhibited by such early
signs of warning that indicate a disengagement between, on the one
hand, the body and on the other hand, the mind (Wickens, 2005). A
number of these symptoms thus entails hallucinations, hypertension,
depression, palpitation, loner behavior, allergies, pain and aches in the
muscles, urinary frequencies, codependency, restlessness, loss of
memory, phobias, shyness, and perfectionism.
Acetylcholine
This is used in reference to the neurotransmitter that is generated by
neurons located at the brain’s parietal lobes. There is a correlation
between acetylcholine and the brain’s alpha waves, responsible for
regulating the speed of the brain. The neuron acetylcholine acts as a
lubricant, in effect ensuring that brain cells always remain in a moist
state, thereby enabling an easier passage of information and energy
through cells (Wickens, 2005). In addition, acetylcholine functions as
a building block of myelin, responsible for insulating the body, as well
as nerve protection.
A balance acetylcholine level results in a confident and creative
individual. It has been documented that virtually all the deficiencies of
acetylcholine result in dehydration. Some of the other diseases and
symptoms that may come about due to its deficiency include anxiety,
Alzheimer’s disease, inflammatory disorders, osteoporosis, mood
swings, bipolar disorder, memory disturbances, and disorders of
learning (National Institute of Mental Health, 2008).
Dopamine
This refers to those waves of the brain that are responsible for the
alertness exhibited by individuals. These brain waves get created from
dopamine-producing neurons, in the brain’s frontal lobes. Dopamine
plays the role of a natural amphetamine, thereby facilitating energy
control, motivation as well as excitement (Martin, 2006). In addition,
dopamine is responsible for controlling metabolism, voluntary
movements, blood pressure, digestion, setting of goals, intelligence,
production of adrenaline, abstract thoughts, and also facilitates in
making long-term plans.
On the other hand, its deficiency often results in anemia, a loss in
bone density, pain in the joints, disorders of the thyroid, depression,
mood swings, anger, forgetfulness, elevated blood pressure, instability
in blood sugar, and hyperactivity. Hormones or medications are
usually used in treating severe deficiencies of dopamine.
GABA
This transmitter is responsible for the production of calmness, and
also plays a role in the endorphins production. An individual that
exhibits a balanced level of GABA is often characterized by a sense of
reliability and stability (Martin, 2006). On the negative side, however,
GABA levels in excess may lead to individuals abandoning their
personal needs, and instead, opt to let the plight of others take center
stage. A deficiency of the GABA transmitters, at the early stage, may
entail irritability and nervousness, or even feelings of anxiety. At
times, individuals exhibiting these deficiencies may even start
experiences feelings of being stressed out, overwhelmed even, as well
as light-headedness, allergies, and aching muscles.
The deficiency of GABA, just like the rest of the neurotransmitters of
the brain, influences the key functional domains of the brain.
Personality, memory, physical, as well as attention issues, could also
manifest themselves as a result of a deficiency of GABA (National
Institute of Mental Health, 2008). Such issues may include chronic
pain, headache, backache, loss of muscle, palpitations, constipation,
insomnia chronic pain, urinary frequency, restlessness, rage,
incoherent flows of thoughts, and difficulties in paying attention.
Behavior regulation
The inhibitory and excitatory postsynaptic potentials, as well as the
transmitters and synaptic transmission, are actively involved in the
generation and control of various behaviors. In this regard, a
postsynaptic potential refers to an alteration of the ‘resting potential’,
following a presynaptic cell stimulus. According to Wickens (2005), a
positive postsynaptic excitatory potential comes about as a result of
positive cells.
On the other hand, if the cell turns out to be negative, then a negative
postsynaptic excitatory potential ensues. Wickens (2005) further
opines that neurotransmission comes about following a nerve impulse
accumulation at the axon hillock, located inside a neuron. As a result
of these nerve impulses accumulating, neurotransmission (otherwise
referred to as synaptic transmission) occurs. It is this synaptic
transmission, therefore, that enables the various neurons to
communicate.
Primary transmitters
There are about four transmitters that are often termed primary
transmitters. These include dopamine, serotonin, acetylcholine, and
GABA.
Serotonin
Serotonin production within the brain is associated with the occipital
brain lobes located next to the brain’s rear. This is the area that is
charged with the responsibility for vision control as well as a
regulation of one’s brain’s ability to go to ‘resynchronize’ and go to
rest (Murphy & Barkley, 2005). All of this is made possible thanks to
the generation of serotonin together with its accompanying delta
waves in the brain. At a time when the levels of serotonin in an
individual are quite well balanced, such an individual makes rational
thoughts, and they also tend to enjoy deep sleep.
An overproduction of serotonin may lead to paranoid and nervous
individuals. Besides, excessive serotonin levels could also result in
inferiority and inadequacy feelings, thereby leading to depression,
sadness, depression, and anger. It has also been shown that the
inception of serotonin deficiencies is often exhibited by such early
signs of warning that indicate a disengagement between, on the one
hand, the body and on the other hand, the mind (Wickens, 2005). A
number of these symptoms thus entails hallucinations, hypertension,
depression, palpitation, loner behavior, allergies, pain and aches in the
muscles, urinary frequencies, codependency, restlessness, loss of
memory, phobias, shyness, and perfectionism.
Acetylcholine
This is used in reference to the neurotransmitter that is generated by
neurons located at the brain’s parietal lobes. There is a correlation
between acetylcholine and the brain’s alpha waves, responsible for
regulating the speed of the brain. The neuron acetylcholine acts as a
lubricant, in effect ensuring that brain cells always remain in a moist
state, thereby enabling an easier passage of information and energy
through cells (Wickens, 2005). In addition, acetylcholine functions as
a building block of myelin, responsible for insulating the body, as well
as nerve protection.
A balance acetylcholine level results in a confident and creative
individual. It has been documented that virtually all the deficiencies of
acetylcholine result in dehydration. Some of the other diseases and
symptoms that may come about due to its deficiency include anxiety,
Alzheimer’s disease, inflammatory disorders, osteoporosis, mood
swings, bipolar disorder, memory disturbances, and disorders of
learning (National Institute of Mental Health, 2008).
Dopamine
This refers to those waves of the brain that are responsible for the
alertness exhibited by individuals. These brain waves get created from
dopamine-producing neurons, in the brain’s frontal lobes. Dopamine
plays the role of a natural amphetamine, thereby facilitating energy
control, motivation as well as excitement (Martin, 2006). In addition,
dopamine is responsible for controlling metabolism, voluntary
movements, blood pressure, digestion, setting of goals, intelligence,
production of adrenaline, abstract thoughts, and also facilitates in
making long-term plans.
On the other hand, its deficiency often results in anemia, a loss in
bone density, pain in the joints, disorders of the thyroid, depression,
mood swings, anger, forgetfulness, elevated blood pressure, instability
in blood sugar, and hyperactivity. Hormones or medications are
usually used in treating severe deficiencies of dopamine.
GABA
This transmitter is responsible for the production of calmness, and
also plays a role in the endorphins production. An individual that
exhibits a balanced level of GABA is often characterized by a sense of
reliability and stability (Martin, 2006). On the negative side, however,
GABA levels in excess may lead to individuals abandoning their
personal needs, and instead, opt to let the plight of others take center
stage. A deficiency of the GABA transmitters, at the early stage, may
entail irritability and nervousness, or even feelings of anxiety. At
times, individuals exhibiting these deficiencies may even start
experiences feelings of being stressed out, overwhelmed even, as well
as light-headedness, allergies, and aching muscles.
The deficiency of GABA, just like the rest of the neurotransmitters of
the brain, influences the key functional domains of the brain.
Personality, memory, physical, as well as attention issues, could also
manifest themselves as a result of a deficiency of GABA (National
Institute of Mental Health, 2008). Such issues may include chronic
pain, headache, backache, loss of muscle, palpitations, constipation,
insomnia chronic pain, urinary frequency, restlessness, rage,
incoherent flows of thoughts, and difficulties in paying attention.
Behavior regulation
The inhibitory and excitatory postsynaptic potentials, as well as the
transmitters and synaptic transmission, are actively involved in the
generation and control of various behaviors. In this regard, a
postsynaptic potential refers to an alteration of the ‘resting potential’,
following a presynaptic cell stimulus. According to Wickens (2005), a
positive postsynaptic excitatory potential comes about as a result of
positive cells.
On the other hand, if the cell turns out to be negative, then a negative
postsynaptic excitatory potential ensues. Wickens (2005) further
opines that neurotransmission comes about following a nerve impulse
accumulation at the axon hillock, located inside a neuron. As a result
of these nerve impulses accumulating, neurotransmission (otherwise
referred to as synaptic transmission) occurs. It is this synaptic
transmission, therefore, that enables the various neurons to
communicate.
Primary transmitters
There are about four transmitters that are often termed primary
transmitters. These include dopamine, serotonin, acetylcholine, and
GABA.
Serotonin
Serotonin production within the brain is associated with the occipital
brain lobes located next to the brain’s rear. This is the area that is
charged with the responsibility for vision control as well as a
regulation of one’s brain’s ability to go to ‘resynchronize’ and go to
rest (Murphy & Barkley, 2005). All of this is made possible thanks to
the generation of serotonin together with its accompanying delta
waves in the brain. At a time when the levels of serotonin in an
individual are quite well balanced, such an individual makes rational
thoughts, and they also tend to enjoy deep sleep.
An overproduction of serotonin may lead to paranoid and nervous
individuals. Besides, excessive serotonin levels could also result in
inferiority and inadequacy feelings, thereby leading to depression,
sadness, depression, and anger. It has also been shown that the
inception of serotonin deficiencies is often exhibited by such early
signs of warning that indicate a disengagement between, on the one
hand, the body and on the other hand, the mind (Wickens, 2005). A
number of these symptoms thus entails hallucinations, hypertension,
depression, palpitation, loner behavior, allergies, pain and aches in the
muscles, urinary frequencies, codependency, restlessness, loss of
memory, phobias, shyness, and perfectionism.
Acetylcholine
This is used in reference to the neurotransmitter that is generated by
neurons located at the brain’s parietal lobes. There is a correlation
between acetylcholine and the brain’s alpha waves, responsible for
regulating the speed of the brain. The neuron acetylcholine acts as a
lubricant, in effect ensuring that brain cells always remain in a moist
state, thereby enabling an easier passage of information and energy
through cells (Wickens, 2005). In addition, acetylcholine functions as
a building block of myelin, responsible for insulating the body, as well
as nerve protection.
A balance acetylcholine level results in a confident and creative
individual. It has been documented that virtually all the deficiencies of
acetylcholine result in dehydration. Some of the other diseases and
symptoms that may come about due to its deficiency include anxiety,
Alzheimer’s disease, inflammatory disorders, osteoporosis, mood
swings, bipolar disorder, memory disturbances, and disorders of
learning (National Institute of Mental Health, 2008).
Dopamine
This refers to those waves of the brain that are responsible for the
alertness exhibited by individuals. These brain waves get created from
dopamine-producing neurons, in the brain’s frontal lobes. Dopamine
plays the role of a natural amphetamine, thereby facilitating energy
control, motivation as well as excitement (Martin, 2006). In addition,
dopamine is responsible for controlling metabolism, voluntary
movements, blood pressure, digestion, setting of goals, intelligence,
production of adrenaline, abstract thoughts, and also facilitates in
making long-term plans.
On the other hand, its deficiency often results in anemia, a loss in
bone density, pain in the joints, disorders of the thyroid, depression,
mood swings, anger, forgetfulness, elevated blood pressure, instability
in blood sugar, and hyperactivity. Hormones or medications are
usually used in treating severe deficiencies of dopamine.
GABA
This transmitter is responsible for the production of calmness, and
also plays a role in the endorphins production. An individual that
exhibits a balanced level of GABA is often characterized by a sense of
reliability and stability (Martin, 2006). On the negative side, however,
GABA levels in excess may lead to individuals abandoning their
personal needs, and instead, opt to let the plight of others take center
stage. A deficiency of the GABA transmitters, at the early stage, may
entail irritability and nervousness, or even feelings of anxiety. At
times, individuals exhibiting these deficiencies may even start
experiences feelings of being stressed out, overwhelmed even, as well
as light-headedness, allergies, and aching muscles.
The deficiency of GABA, just like the rest of the neurotransmitters of
the brain, influences the key functional domains of the brain.
Personality, memory, physical, as well as attention issues, could also
manifest themselves as a result of a deficiency of GABA (National
Institute of Mental Health, 2008). Such issues may include chronic
pain, headache, backache, loss of muscle, palpitations, constipation,
insomnia chronic pain, urinary frequency, restlessness, rage,
incoherent flows of thoughts, and difficulties in paying attention.
Behavior regulation
The inhibitory and excitatory postsynaptic potentials, as well as the
transmitters and synaptic transmission, are actively involved in the
generation and control of various behaviors. In this regard, a
postsynaptic potential refers to an alteration of the ‘resting potential’,
following a presynaptic cell stimulus. According to Wickens (2005), a
positive postsynaptic excitatory potential comes about as a result of
positive cells.
On the other hand, if the cell turns out to be negative, then a negative
postsynaptic excitatory potential ensues. Wickens (2005) further
opines that neurotransmission comes about following a nerve impulse
accumulation at the axon hillock, located inside a neuron. As a result
of these nerve impulses accumulating, neurotransmission (otherwise
referred to as synaptic transmission) occurs. It is this synaptic
transmission, therefore, that enables the various neurons to
communicate.
Primary transmitters
There are about four transmitters that are often termed primary
transmitters. These include dopamine, serotonin, acetylcholine, and
GABA.
Serotonin
Serotonin production within the brain is associated with the occipital
brain lobes located next to the brain’s rear. This is the area that is
charged with the responsibility for vision control as well as a
regulation of one’s brain’s ability to go to ‘resynchronize’ and go to
rest (Murphy & Barkley, 2005). All of this is made possible thanks to
the generation of serotonin together with its accompanying delta
waves in the brain. At a time when the levels of serotonin in an
individual are quite well balanced, such an individual makes rational
thoughts, and they also tend to enjoy deep sleep.
An overproduction of serotonin may lead to paranoid and nervous
individuals. Besides, excessive serotonin levels could also result in
inferiority and inadequacy feelings, thereby leading to depression,
sadness, depression, and anger. It has also been shown that the
inception of serotonin deficiencies is often exhibited by such early
signs of warning that indicate a disengagement between, on the one
hand, the body and on the other hand, the mind (Wickens, 2005). A
number of these symptoms thus entails hallucinations, hypertension,
depression, palpitation, loner behavior, allergies, pain and aches in the
muscles, urinary frequencies, codependency, restlessness, loss of
memory, phobias, shyness, and perfectionism.
Acetylcholine
This is used in reference to the neurotransmitter that is generated by
neurons located at the brain’s parietal lobes. There is a correlation
between acetylcholine and the brain’s alpha waves, responsible for
regulating the speed of the brain. The neuron acetylcholine acts as a
lubricant, in effect ensuring that brain cells always remain in a moist
state, thereby enabling an easier passage of information and energy
through cells (Wickens, 2005). In addition, acetylcholine functions as
a building block of myelin, responsible for insulating the body, as well
as nerve protection.
A balance acetylcholine level results in a confident and creative
individual. It has been documented that virtually all the deficiencies of
acetylcholine result in dehydration. Some of the other diseases and
symptoms that may come about due to its deficiency include anxiety,
Alzheimer’s disease, inflammatory disorders, osteoporosis, mood
swings, bipolar disorder, memory disturbances, and disorders of
learning (National Institute of Mental Health, 2008).
Dopamine
This refers to those waves of the brain that are responsible for the
alertness exhibited by individuals. These brain waves get created from
dopamine-producing neurons, in the brain’s frontal lobes. Dopamine
plays the role of a natural amphetamine, thereby facilitating energy
control, motivation as well as excitement (Martin, 2006). In addition,
dopamine is responsible for controlling metabolism, voluntary
movements, blood pressure, digestion, setting of goals, intelligence,
production of adrenaline, abstract thoughts, and also facilitates in
making long-term plans.
On the other hand, its deficiency often results in anemia, a loss in
bone density, pain in the joints, disorders of the thyroid, depression,
mood swings, anger, forgetfulness, elevated blood pressure, instability
in blood sugar, and hyperactivity. Hormones or medications are
usually used in treating severe deficiencies of dopamine.
GABA
This transmitter is responsible for the production of calmness, and
also plays a role in the endorphins production. An individual that
exhibits a balanced level of GABA is often characterized by a sense of
reliability and stability (Martin, 2006). On the negative side, however,
GABA levels in excess may lead to individuals abandoning their
personal needs, and instead, opt to let the plight of others take center
stage. A deficiency of the GABA transmitters, at the early stage, may
entail irritability and nervousness, or even feelings of anxiety. At
times, individuals exhibiting these deficiencies may even start
experiences feelings of being stressed out, overwhelmed even, as well
as light-headedness, allergies, and aching muscles.
The deficiency of GABA, just like the rest of the neurotransmitters of
the brain, influences the key functional domains of the brain.
Personality, memory, physical, as well as attention issues, could also
manifest themselves as a result of a deficiency of GABA (National
Institute of Mental Health, 2008). Such issues may include chronic
pain, headache, backache, loss of muscle, palpitations, constipation,
insomnia chronic pain, urinary frequency, restlessness, rage,
incoherent flows of thoughts, and difficulties in paying attention.
Behavior regulation
The inhibitory and excitatory postsynaptic potentials, as well as the
transmitters and synaptic transmission, are actively involved in the
generation and control of various behaviors. In this regard, a
postsynaptic potential refers to an alteration of the ‘resting potential’,
following a presynaptic cell stimulus. According to Wickens (2005), a
positive postsynaptic excitatory potential comes about as a result of
positive cells.
On the other hand, if the cell turns out to be negative, then a negative
postsynaptic excitatory potential ensues. Wickens (2005) further
opines that neurotransmission comes about following a nerve impulse
accumulation at the axon hillock, located inside a neuron. As a result
of these nerve impulses accumulating, neurotransmission (otherwise
referred to as synaptic transmission) occurs. It is this synaptic
transmission, therefore, that enables the various neurons to
communicate.
Primary transmitters
There are about four transmitters that are often termed primary
transmitters. These include dopamine, serotonin, acetylcholine, and
GABA.
Serotonin
Serotonin production within the brain is associated with the occipital
brain lobes located next to the brain’s rear. This is the area that is
charged with the responsibility for vision control as well as a
regulation of one’s brain’s ability to go to ‘resynchronize’ and go to
rest (Murphy & Barkley, 2005). All of this is made possible thanks to
the generation of serotonin together with its accompanying delta
waves in the brain. At a time when the levels of serotonin in an
individual are quite well balanced, such an individual makes rational
thoughts, and they also tend to enjoy deep sleep.
An overproduction of serotonin may lead to paranoid and nervous
individuals. Besides, excessive serotonin levels could also result in
inferiority and inadequacy feelings, thereby leading to depression,
sadness, depression, and anger. It has also been shown that the
inception of serotonin deficiencies is often exhibited by such early
signs of warning that indicate a disengagement between, on the one
hand, the body and on the other hand, the mind (Wickens, 2005). A
number of these symptoms thus entails hallucinations, hypertension,
depression, palpitation, loner behavior, allergies, pain and aches in the
muscles, urinary frequencies, codependency, restlessness, loss of
memory, phobias, shyness, and perfectionism.
Acetylcholine
This is used in reference to the neurotransmitter that is generated by
neurons located at the brain’s parietal lobes. There is a correlation
between acetylcholine and the brain’s alpha waves, responsible for
regulating the speed of the brain. The neuron acetylcholine acts as a
lubricant, in effect ensuring that brain cells always remain in a moist
state, thereby enabling an easier passage of information and energy
through cells (Wickens, 2005). In addition, acetylcholine functions as
a building block of myelin, responsible for insulating the body, as well
as nerve protection.
A balance acetylcholine level results in a confident and creative
individual. It has been documented that virtually all the deficiencies of
acetylcholine result in dehydration. Some of the other diseases and
symptoms that may come about due to its deficiency include anxiety,
Alzheimer’s disease, inflammatory disorders, osteoporosis, mood
swings, bipolar disorder, memory disturbances, and disorders of
learning (National Institute of Mental Health, 2008).
Dopamine
This refers to those waves of the brain that are responsible for the
alertness exhibited by individuals. These brain waves get created from
dopamine-producing neurons, in the brain’s frontal lobes. Dopamine
plays the role of a natural amphetamine, thereby facilitating energy
control, motivation as well as excitement (Martin, 2006). In addition,
dopamine is responsible for controlling metabolism, voluntary
movements, blood pressure, digestion, setting of goals, intelligence,
production of adrenaline, abstract thoughts, and also facilitates in
making long-term plans.
On the other hand, its deficiency often results in anemia, a loss in
bone density, pain in the joints, disorders of the thyroid, depression,
mood swings, anger, forgetfulness, elevated blood pressure, instability
in blood sugar, and hyperactivity. Hormones or medications are
usually used in treating severe deficiencies of dopamine.
GABA
This transmitter is responsible for the production of calmness, and
also plays a role in the endorphins production. An individual that
exhibits a balanced level of GABA is often characterized by a sense of
reliability and stability (Martin, 2006). On the negative side, however,
GABA levels in excess may lead to individuals abandoning their
personal needs, and instead, opt to let the plight of others take center
stage. A deficiency of the GABA transmitters, at the early stage, may
entail irritability and nervousness, or even feelings of anxiety. At
times, individuals exhibiting these deficiencies may even start
experiences feelings of being stressed out, overwhelmed even, as well
as light-headedness, allergies, and aching muscles.
The deficiency of GABA, just like the rest of the neurotransmitters of
the brain, influences the key functional domains of the brain.
Personality, memory, physical, as well as attention issues, could also
manifest themselves as a result of a deficiency of GABA (National
Institute of Mental Health, 2008). Such issues may include chronic
pain, headache, backache, loss of muscle, palpitations, constipation,
insomnia chronic pain, urinary frequency, restlessness, rage,
incoherent flows of thoughts, and difficulties in paying attention.
Behavior regulation
The inhibitory and excitatory postsynaptic potentials, as well as the
transmitters and synaptic transmission, are actively involved in the
generation and control of various behaviors. In this regard, a
postsynaptic potential refers to an alteration of the ‘resting potential’,
following a presynaptic cell stimulus. According to Wickens (2005), a
positive postsynaptic excitatory potential comes about as a result of
positive cells.
On the other hand, if the cell turns out to be negative, then a negative
postsynaptic excitatory potential ensues. Wickens (2005) further
opines that neurotransmission comes about following a nerve impulse
accumulation at the axon hillock, located inside a neuron. As a result
of these nerve impulses accumulating, neurotransmission (otherwise
referred to as synaptic transmission) occurs. It is this synaptic
transmission, therefore, that enables the various neurons to
communicate.
Primary transmitters
There are about four transmitters that are often termed primary
transmitters. These include dopamine, serotonin, acetylcholine, and
GABA.
Serotonin
Serotonin production within the brain is associated with the occipital
brain lobes located next to the brain’s rear. This is the area that is
charged with the responsibility for vision control as well as a
regulation of one’s brain’s ability to go to ‘resynchronize’ and go to
rest (Murphy & Barkley, 2005). All of this is made possible thanks to
the generation of serotonin together with its accompanying delta
waves in the brain. At a time when the levels of serotonin in an
individual are quite well balanced, such an individual makes rational
thoughts, and they also tend to enjoy deep sleep.
An overproduction of serotonin may lead to paranoid and nervous
individuals. Besides, excessive serotonin levels could also result in
inferiority and inadequacy feelings, thereby leading to depression,
sadness, depression, and anger. It has also been shown that the
inception of serotonin deficiencies is often exhibited by such early
signs of warning that indicate a disengagement between, on the one
hand, the body and on the other hand, the mind (Wickens, 2005). A
number of these symptoms thus entails hallucinations, hypertension,
depression, palpitation, loner behavior, allergies, pain and aches in the
muscles, urinary frequencies, codependency, restlessness, loss of
memory, phobias, shyness, and perfectionism.
Acetylcholine
This is used in reference to the neurotransmitter that is generated by
neurons located at the brain’s parietal lobes. There is a correlation
between acetylcholine and the brain’s alpha waves, responsible for
regulating the speed of the brain. The neuron acetylcholine acts as a
lubricant, in effect ensuring that brain cells always remain in a moist
state, thereby enabling an easier passage of information and energy
through cells (Wickens, 2005). In addition, acetylcholine functions as
a building block of myelin, responsible for insulating the body, as well
as nerve protection.
A balance acetylcholine level results in a confident and creative
individual. It has been documented that virtually all the deficiencies of
acetylcholine result in dehydration. Some of the other diseases and
symptoms that may come about due to its deficiency include anxiety,
Alzheimer’s disease, inflammatory disorders, osteoporosis, mood
swings, bipolar disorder, memory disturbances, and disorders of
learning (National Institute of Mental Health, 2008).
Dopamine
This refers to those waves of the brain that are responsible for the
alertness exhibited by individuals. These brain waves get created from
dopamine-producing neurons, in the brain’s frontal lobes. Dopamine
plays the role of a natural amphetamine, thereby facilitating energy
control, motivation as well as excitement (Martin, 2006). In addition,
dopamine is responsible for controlling metabolism, voluntary
movements, blood pressure, digestion, setting of goals, intelligence,
production of adrenaline, abstract thoughts, and also facilitates in
making long-term plans.
On the other hand, its deficiency often results in anemia, a loss in
bone density, pain in the joints, disorders of the thyroid, depression,
mood swings, anger, forgetfulness, elevated blood pressure, instability
in blood sugar, and hyperactivity. Hormones or medications are
usually used in treating severe deficiencies of dopamine.
GABA
This transmitter is responsible for the production of calmness, and
also plays a role in the endorphins production. An individual that
exhibits a balanced level of GABA is often characterized by a sense of
reliability and stability (Martin, 2006). On the negative side, however,
GABA levels in excess may lead to individuals abandoning their
personal needs, and instead, opt to let the plight of others take center
stage. A deficiency of the GABA transmitters, at the early stage, may
entail irritability and nervousness, or even feelings of anxiety. At
times, individuals exhibiting these deficiencies may even start
experiences feelings of being stressed out, overwhelmed even, as well
as light-headedness, allergies, and aching muscles.
The deficiency of GABA, just like the rest of the neurotransmitters of
the brain, influences the key functional domains of the brain.
Personality, memory, physical, as well as attention issues, could also
manifest themselves as a result of a deficiency of GABA (National
Institute of Mental Health, 2008). Such issues may include chronic
pain, headache, backache, loss of muscle, palpitations, constipation,
insomnia chronic pain, urinary frequency, restlessness, rage,
incoherent flows of thoughts, and difficulties in paying attention.
Behavior regulation
The inhibitory and excitatory postsynaptic potentials, as well as the
transmitters and synaptic transmission, are actively involved in the
generation and control of various behaviors. In this regard, a
postsynaptic potential refers to an alteration of the ‘resting potential’,
following a presynaptic cell stimulus. According to Wickens (2005), a
positive postsynaptic excitatory potential comes about as a result of
positive cells.
On the other hand, if the cell turns out to be negative, then a negative
postsynaptic excitatory potential ensues. Wickens (2005) further
opines that neurotransmission comes about following a nerve impulse
accumulation at the axon hillock, located inside a neuron. As a result
of these nerve impulses accumulating, neurotransmission (otherwise
referred to as synaptic transmission) occurs. It is this synaptic
transmission, therefore, that enables the various neurons to
communicate.
Primary transmitters
There are about four transmitters that are often termed primary
transmitters. These include dopamine, serotonin, acetylcholine, and
GABA.
Serotonin
Serotonin production within the brain is associated with the occipital
brain lobes located next to the brain’s rear. This is the area that is
charged with the responsibility for vision control as well as a
regulation of one’s brain’s ability to go to ‘resynchronize’ and go to
rest (Murphy & Barkley, 2005). All of this is made possible thanks to
the generation of serotonin together with its accompanying delta
waves in the brain. At a time when the levels of serotonin in an
individual are quite well balanced, such an individual makes rational
thoughts, and they also tend to enjoy deep sleep.
An overproduction of serotonin may lead to paranoid and nervous
individuals. Besides, excessive serotonin levels could also result in
inferiority and inadequacy feelings, thereby leading to depression,
sadness, depression, and anger. It has also been shown that the
inception of serotonin deficiencies is often exhibited by such early
signs of warning that indicate a disengagement between, on the one
hand, the body and on the other hand, the mind (Wickens, 2005). A
number of these symptoms thus entails hallucinations, hypertension,
depression, palpitation, loner behavior, allergies, pain and aches in the
muscles, urinary frequencies, codependency, restlessness, loss of
memory, phobias, shyness, and perfectionism.
Acetylcholine
This is used in reference to the neurotransmitter that is generated by
neurons located at the brain’s parietal lobes. There is a correlation
between acetylcholine and the brain’s alpha waves, responsible for
regulating the speed of the brain. The neuron acetylcholine acts as a
lubricant, in effect ensuring that brain cells always remain in a moist
state, thereby enabling an easier passage of information and energy
through cells (Wickens, 2005). In addition, acetylcholine functions as
a building block of myelin, responsible for insulating the body, as well
as nerve protection.
A balance acetylcholine level results in a confident and creative
individual. It has been documented that virtually all the deficiencies of
acetylcholine result in dehydration. Some of the other diseases and
symptoms that may come about due to its deficiency include anxiety,
Alzheimer’s disease, inflammatory disorders, osteoporosis, mood
swings, bipolar disorder, memory disturbances, and disorders of
learning (National Institute of Mental Health, 2008).
Dopamine
This refers to those waves of the brain that are responsible for the
alertness exhibited by individuals. These brain waves get created from
dopamine-producing neurons, in the brain’s frontal lobes. Dopamine
plays the role of a natural amphetamine, thereby facilitating energy
control, motivation as well as excitement (Martin, 2006). In addition,
dopamine is responsible for controlling metabolism, voluntary
movements, blood pressure, digestion, setting of goals, intelligence,
production of adrenaline, abstract thoughts, and also facilitates in
making long-term plans.
On the other hand, its deficiency often results in anemia, a loss in
bone density, pain in the joints, disorders of the thyroid, depression,
mood swings, anger, forgetfulness, elevated blood pressure, instability
in blood sugar, and hyperactivity. Hormones or medications are
usually used in treating severe deficiencies of dopamine.
GABA
This transmitter is responsible for the production of calmness, and
also plays a role in the endorphins production. An individual that
exhibits a balanced level of GABA is often characterized by a sense of
reliability and stability (Martin, 2006). On the negative side, however,
GABA levels in excess may lead to individuals abandoning their
personal needs, and instead, opt to let the plight of others take center
stage. A deficiency of the GABA transmitters, at the early stage, may
entail irritability and nervousness, or even feelings of anxiety. At
times, individuals exhibiting these deficiencies may even start
experiences feelings of being stressed out, overwhelmed even, as well
as light-headedness, allergies, and aching muscles.
The deficiency of GABA, just like the rest of the neurotransmitters of
the brain, influences the key functional domains of the brain.
Personality, memory, physical, as well as attention issues, could also
manifest themselves as a result of a deficiency of GABA (National
Institute of Mental Health, 2008). Such issues may include chronic
pain, headache, backache, loss of muscle, palpitations, constipation,
insomnia chronic pain, urinary frequency, restlessness, rage,
incoherent flows of thoughts, and difficulties in paying attention.
Behavior regulation
The inhibitory and excitatory postsynaptic potentials, as well as the
transmitters and synaptic transmission, are actively involved in the
generation and control of various behaviors. In this regard, a
postsynaptic potential refers to an alteration of the ‘resting potential’,
following a presynaptic cell stimulus. According to Wickens (2005), a
positive postsynaptic excitatory potential comes about as a result of
positive cells.
On the other hand, if the cell turns out to be negative, then a negative
postsynaptic excitatory potential ensues. Wickens (2005) further
opines that neurotransmission comes about following a nerve impulse
accumulation at the axon hillock, located inside a neuron. As a result
of these nerve impulses accumulating, neurotransmission (otherwise
referred to as synaptic transmission) occurs. It is this synaptic
transmission, therefore, that enables the various neurons to
communicate.
Primary transmitters
There are about four transmitters that are often termed primary
transmitters. These include dopamine, serotonin, acetylcholine, and
GABA.
Serotonin
Serotonin production within the brain is associated with the occipital
brain lobes located next to the brain’s rear. This is the area that is
charged with the responsibility for vision control as well as a
regulation of one’s brain’s ability to go to ‘resynchronize’ and go to
rest (Murphy & Barkley, 2005). All of this is made possible thanks to
the generation of serotonin together with its accompanying delta
waves in the brain. At a time when the levels of serotonin in an
individual are quite well balanced, such an individual makes rational
thoughts, and they also tend to enjoy deep sleep.
An overproduction of serotonin may lead to paranoid and nervous
individuals. Besides, excessive serotonin levels could also result in
inferiority and inadequacy feelings, thereby leading to depression,
sadness, depression, and anger. It has also been shown that the
inception of serotonin deficiencies is often exhibited by such early
signs of warning that indicate a disengagement between, on the one
hand, the body and on the other hand, the mind (Wickens, 2005). A
number of these symptoms thus entails hallucinations, hypertension,
depression, palpitation, loner behavior, allergies, pain and aches in the
muscles, urinary frequencies, codependency, restlessness, loss of
memory, phobias, shyness, and perfectionism.
Acetylcholine
This is used in reference to the neurotransmitter that is generated by
neurons located at the brain’s parietal lobes. There is a correlation
between acetylcholine and the brain’s alpha waves, responsible for
regulating the speed of the brain. The neuron acetylcholine acts as a
lubricant, in effect ensuring that brain cells always remain in a moist
state, thereby enabling an easier passage of information and energy
through cells (Wickens, 2005). In addition, acetylcholine functions as
a building block of myelin, responsible for insulating the body, as well
as nerve protection.
A balance acetylcholine level results in a confident and creative
individual. It has been documented that virtually all the deficiencies of
acetylcholine result in dehydration. Some of the other diseases and
symptoms that may come about due to its deficiency include anxiety,
Alzheimer’s disease, inflammatory disorders, osteoporosis, mood
swings, bipolar disorder, memory disturbances, and disorders of
learning (National Institute of Mental Health, 2008).
Dopamine
This refers to those waves of the brain that are responsible for the
alertness exhibited by individuals. These brain waves get created from
dopamine-producing neurons, in the brain’s frontal lobes. Dopamine
plays the role of a natural amphetamine, thereby facilitating energy
control, motivation as well as excitement (Martin, 2006). In addition,
dopamine is responsible for controlling metabolism, voluntary
movements, blood pressure, digestion, setting of goals, intelligence,
production of adrenaline, abstract thoughts, and also facilitates in
making long-term plans.
On the other hand, its deficiency often results in anemia, a loss in
bone density, pain in the joints, disorders of the thyroid, depression,
mood swings, anger, forgetfulness, elevated blood pressure, instability
in blood sugar, and hyperactivity. Hormones or medications are
usually used in treating severe deficiencies of dopamine.
GABA
This transmitter is responsible for the production of calmness, and
also plays a role in the endorphins production. An individual that
exhibits a balanced level of GABA is often characterized by a sense of
reliability and stability (Martin, 2006). On the negative side, however,
GABA levels in excess may lead to individuals abandoning their
personal needs, and instead, opt to let the plight of others take center
stage. A deficiency of the GABA transmitters, at the early stage, may
entail irritability and nervousness, or even feelings of anxiety. At
times, individuals exhibiting these deficiencies may even start
experiences feelings of being stressed out, overwhelmed even, as well
as light-headedness, allergies, and aching muscles.
The deficiency of GABA, just like the rest of the neurotransmitters of
the brain, influences the key functional domains of the brain.
Personality, memory, physical, as well as attention issues, could also
manifest themselves as a result of a deficiency of GABA (National
Institute of Mental Health, 2008). Such issues may include chronic
pain, headache, backache, loss of muscle, palpitations, constipation,
insomnia chronic pain, urinary frequency, restlessness, rage,
incoherent flows of thoughts, and difficulties in paying attention.
Behavior regulation
The inhibitory and excitatory postsynaptic potentials, as well as the
transmitters and synaptic transmission, are actively involved in the
generation and control of various behaviors. In this regard, a
postsynaptic potential refers to an alteration of the ‘resting potential’,
following a presynaptic cell stimulus. According to Wickens (2005), a
positive postsynaptic excitatory potential comes about as a result of
positive cells.
On the other hand, if the cell turns out to be negative, then a negative
postsynaptic excitatory potential ensues. Wickens (2005) further
opines that neurotransmission comes about following a nerve impulse
accumulation at the axon hillock, located inside a neuron. As a result
of these nerve impulses accumulating, neurotransmission (otherwise
referred to as synaptic transmission) occurs. It is this synaptic
transmission, therefore, that enables the various neurons to
communicate.
Primary transmitters
There are about four transmitters that are often termed primary
transmitters. These include dopamine, serotonin, acetylcholine, and
GABA.
Serotonin
Serotonin production within the brain is associated with the occipital
brain lobes located next to the brain’s rear. This is the area that is
charged with the responsibility for vision control as well as a
regulation of one’s brain’s ability to go to ‘resynchronize’ and go to
rest (Murphy & Barkley, 2005). All of this is made possible thanks to
the generation of serotonin together with its accompanying delta
waves in the brain. At a time when the levels of serotonin in an
individual are quite well balanced, such an individual makes rational
thoughts, and they also tend to enjoy deep sleep.
An overproduction of serotonin may lead to paranoid and nervous
individuals. Besides, excessive serotonin levels could also result in
inferiority and inadequacy feelings, thereby leading to depression,
sadness, depression, and anger. It has also been shown that the
inception of serotonin deficiencies is often exhibited by such early
signs of warning that indicate a disengagement between, on the one
hand, the body and on the other hand, the mind (Wickens, 2005). A
number of these symptoms thus entails hallucinations, hypertension,
depression, palpitation, loner behavior, allergies, pain and aches in the
muscles, urinary frequencies, codependency, restlessness, loss of
memory, phobias, shyness, and perfectionism.
Acetylcholine
This is used in reference to the neurotransmitter that is generated by
neurons located at the brain’s parietal lobes. There is a correlation
between acetylcholine and the brain’s alpha waves, responsible for
regulating the speed of the brain. The neuron acetylcholine acts as a
lubricant, in effect ensuring that brain cells always remain in a moist
state, thereby enabling an easier passage of information and energy
through cells (Wickens, 2005). In addition, acetylcholine functions as
a building block of myelin, responsible for insulating the body, as well
as nerve protection.
A balance acetylcholine level results in a confident and creative
individual. It has been documented that virtually all the deficiencies of
acetylcholine result in dehydration. Some of the other diseases and
symptoms that may come about due to its deficiency include anxiety,
Alzheimer’s disease, inflammatory disorders, osteoporosis, mood
swings, bipolar disorder, memory disturbances, and disorders of
learning (National Institute of Mental Health, 2008).
Dopamine
This refers to those waves of the brain that are responsible for the
alertness exhibited by individuals. These brain waves get created from
dopamine-producing neurons, in the brain’s frontal lobes. Dopamine
plays the role of a natural amphetamine, thereby facilitating energy
control, motivation as well as excitement (Martin, 2006). In addition,
dopamine is responsible for controlling metabolism, voluntary
movements, blood pressure, digestion, setting of goals, intelligence,
production of adrenaline, abstract thoughts, and also facilitates in
making long-term plans.
On the other hand, its deficiency often results in anemia, a loss in
bone density, pain in the joints, disorders of the thyroid, depression,
mood swings, anger, forgetfulness, elevated blood pressure, instability
in blood sugar, and hyperactivity. Hormones or medications are
usually used in treating severe deficiencies of dopamine.
GABA
This transmitter is responsible for the production of calmness, and
also plays a role in the endorphins production. An individual that
exhibits a balanced level of GABA is often characterized by a sense of
reliability and stability (Martin, 2006). On the negative side, however,
GABA levels in excess may lead to individuals abandoning their
personal needs, and instead, opt to let the plight of others take center
stage. A deficiency of the GABA transmitters, at the early stage, may
entail irritability and nervousness, or even feelings of anxiety. At
times, individuals exhibiting these deficiencies may even start
experiences feelings of being stressed out, overwhelmed even, as well
as light-headedness, allergies, and aching muscles.
The deficiency of GABA, just like the rest of the neurotransmitters of
the brain, influences the key functional domains of the brain.
Personality, memory, physical, as well as attention issues, could also
manifest themselves as a result of a deficiency of GABA (National
Institute of Mental Health, 2008). Such issues may include chronic
pain, headache, backache, loss of muscle, palpitations, constipation,
insomnia chronic pain, urinary frequency, restlessness, rage,
incoherent flows of thoughts, and difficulties in paying attention.
Behavior regulation
The inhibitory and excitatory postsynaptic potentials, as well as the
transmitters and synaptic transmission, are actively involved in the
generation and control of various behaviors. In this regard, a
postsynaptic potential refers to an alteration of the ‘resting potential’,
following a presynaptic cell stimulus. According to Wickens (2005), a
positive postsynaptic excitatory potential comes about as a result of
positive cells.
On the other hand, if the cell turns out to be negative, then a negative
postsynaptic excitatory potential ensues. Wickens (2005) further
opines that neurotransmission comes about following a nerve impulse
accumulation at the axon hillock, located inside a neuron. As a result
of these nerve impulses accumulating, neurotransmission (otherwise
referred to as synaptic transmission) occurs. It is this synaptic
transmission, therefore, that enables the various neurons to
communicate.
Primary transmitters
There are about four transmitters that are often termed primary
transmitters. These include dopamine, serotonin, acetylcholine, and
GABA.
Serotonin
Serotonin production within the brain is associated with the occipital
brain lobes located next to the brain’s rear. This is the area that is
charged with the responsibility for vision control as well as a
regulation of one’s brain’s ability to go to ‘resynchronize’ and go to
rest (Murphy & Barkley, 2005). All of this is made possible thanks to
the generation of serotonin together with its accompanying delta
waves in the brain. At a time when the levels of serotonin in an
individual are quite well balanced, such an individual makes rational
thoughts, and they also tend to enjoy deep sleep.
An overproduction of serotonin may lead to paranoid and nervous
individuals. Besides, excessive serotonin levels could also result in
inferiority and inadequacy feelings, thereby leading to depression,
sadness, depression, and anger. It has also been shown that the
inception of serotonin deficiencies is often exhibited by such early
signs of warning that indicate a disengagement between, on the one
hand, the body and on the other hand, the mind (Wickens, 2005). A
number of these symptoms thus entails hallucinations, hypertension,
depression, palpitation, loner behavior, allergies, pain and aches in the
muscles, urinary frequencies, codependency, restlessness, loss of
memory, phobias, shyness, and perfectionism.
Acetylcholine
This is used in reference to the neurotransmitter that is generated by
neurons located at the brain’s parietal lobes. There is a correlation
between acetylcholine and the brain’s alpha waves, responsible for
regulating the speed of the brain. The neuron acetylcholine acts as a
lubricant, in effect ensuring that brain cells always remain in a moist
state, thereby enabling an easier passage of information and energy
through cells (Wickens, 2005). In addition, acetylcholine functions as
a building block of myelin, responsible for insulating the body, as well
as nerve protection.
A balance acetylcholine level results in a confident and creative
individual. It has been documented that virtually all the deficiencies of
acetylcholine result in dehydration. Some of the other diseases and
symptoms that may come about due to its deficiency include anxiety,
Alzheimer’s disease, inflammatory disorders, osteoporosis, mood
swings, bipolar disorder, memory disturbances, and disorders of
learning (National Institute of Mental Health, 2008).
Dopamine
This refers to those waves of the brain that are responsible for the
alertness exhibited by individuals. These brain waves get created from
dopamine-producing neurons, in the brain’s frontal lobes. Dopamine
plays the role of a natural amphetamine, thereby facilitating energy
control, motivation as well as excitement (Martin, 2006). In addition,
dopamine is responsible for controlling metabolism, voluntary
movements, blood pressure, digestion, setting of goals, intelligence,
production of adrenaline, abstract thoughts, and also facilitates in
making long-term plans.
On the other hand, its deficiency often results in anemia, a loss in
bone density, pain in the joints, disorders of the thyroid, depression,
mood swings, anger, forgetfulness, elevated blood pressure, instability
in blood sugar, and hyperactivity. Hormones or medications are
usually used in treating severe deficiencies of dopamine.
GABA
This transmitter is responsible for the production of calmness, and
also plays a role in the endorphins production. An individual that
exhibits a balanced level of GABA is often characterized by a sense of
reliability and stability (Martin, 2006). On the negative side, however,
GABA levels in excess may lead to individuals abandoning their
personal needs, and instead, opt to let the plight of others take center
stage. A deficiency of the GABA transmitters, at the early stage, may
entail irritability and nervousness, or even feelings of anxiety. At
times, individuals exhibiting these deficiencies may even start
experiences feelings of being stressed out, overwhelmed even, as well
as light-headedness, allergies, and aching muscles.
The deficiency of GABA, just like the rest of the neurotransmitters of
the brain, influences the key functional domains of the brain.
Personality, memory, physical, as well as attention issues, could also
manifest themselves as a result of a deficiency of GABA (National
Institute of Mental Health, 2008). Such issues may include chronic
pain, headache, backache, loss of muscle, palpitations, constipation,
insomnia chronic pain, urinary frequency, restlessness, rage,
incoherent flows of thoughts, and difficulties in paying attention.
Behavior regulation
The inhibitory and excitatory postsynaptic potentials, as well as the
transmitters and synaptic transmission, are actively involved in the
generation and control of various behaviors. In this regard, a
postsynaptic potential refers to an alteration of the ‘resting potential’,
following a presynaptic cell stimulus. According to Wickens (2005), a
positive postsynaptic excitatory potential comes about as a result of
positive cells.
On the other hand, if the cell turns out to be negative, then a negative
postsynaptic excitatory potential ensues. Wickens (2005) further
opines that neurotransmission comes about following a nerve impulse
accumulation at the axon hillock, located inside a neuron. As a result
of these nerve impulses accumulating, neurotransmission (otherwise
referred to as synaptic transmission) occurs. It is this synaptic
transmission, therefore, that enables the various neurons to
communicate.
Primary transmitters
There are about four transmitters that are often termed primary
transmitters. These include dopamine, serotonin, acetylcholine, and
GABA.
Serotonin
Serotonin production within the brain is associated with the occipital
brain lobes located next to the brain’s rear. This is the area that is
charged with the responsibility for vision control as well as a
regulation of one’s brain’s ability to go to ‘resynchronize’ and go to
rest (Murphy & Barkley, 2005). All of this is made possible thanks to
the generation of serotonin together with its accompanying delta
waves in the brain. At a time when the levels of serotonin in an
individual are quite well balanced, such an individual makes rational
thoughts, and they also tend to enjoy deep sleep.
An overproduction of serotonin may lead to paranoid and nervous
individuals. Besides, excessive serotonin levels could also result in
inferiority and inadequacy feelings, thereby leading to depression,
sadness, depression, and anger. It has also been shown that the
inception of serotonin deficiencies is often exhibited by such early
signs of warning that indicate a disengagement between, on the one
hand, the body and on the other hand, the mind (Wickens, 2005). A
number of these symptoms thus entails hallucinations, hypertension,
depression, palpitation, loner behavior, allergies, pain and aches in the
muscles, urinary frequencies, codependency, restlessness, loss of
memory, phobias, shyness, and perfectionism.
Acetylcholine
This is used in reference to the neurotransmitter that is generated by
neurons located at the brain’s parietal lobes. There is a correlation
between acetylcholine and the brain’s alpha waves, responsible for
regulating the speed of the brain. The neuron acetylcholine acts as a
lubricant, in effect ensuring that brain cells always remain in a moist
state, thereby enabling an easier passage of information and energy
through cells (Wickens, 2005). In addition, acetylcholine functions as
a building block of myelin, responsible for insulating the body, as well
as nerve protection.
A balance acetylcholine level results in a confident and creative
individual. It has been documented that virtually all the deficiencies of
acetylcholine result in dehydration. Some of the other diseases and
symptoms that may come about due to its deficiency include anxiety,
Alzheimer’s disease, inflammatory disorders, osteoporosis, mood
swings, bipolar disorder, memory disturbances, and disorders of
learning (National Institute of Mental Health, 2008).
Dopamine
This refers to those waves of the brain that are responsible for the
alertness exhibited by individuals. These brain waves get created from
dopamine-producing neurons, in the brain’s frontal lobes. Dopamine
plays the role of a natural amphetamine, thereby facilitating energy
control, motivation as well as excitement (Martin, 2006). In addition,
dopamine is responsible for controlling metabolism, voluntary
movements, blood pressure, digestion, setting of goals, intelligence,
production of adrenaline, abstract thoughts, and also facilitates in
making long-term plans.
On the other hand, its deficiency often results in anemia, a loss in
bone density, pain in the joints, disorders of the thyroid, depression,
mood swings, anger, forgetfulness, elevated blood pressure, instability
in blood sugar, and hyperactivity. Hormones or medications are
usually used in treating severe deficiencies of dopamine.
GABA
This transmitter is responsible for the production of calmness, and
also plays a role in the endorphins production. An individual that
exhibits a balanced level of GABA is often characterized by a sense of
reliability and stability (Martin, 2006). On the negative side, however,
GABA levels in excess may lead to individuals abandoning their
personal needs, and instead, opt to let the plight of others take center
stage. A deficiency of the GABA transmitters, at the early stage, may
entail irritability and nervousness, or even feelings of anxiety. At
times, individuals exhibiting these deficiencies may even start
experiences feelings of being stressed out, overwhelmed even, as well
as light-headedness, allergies, and aching muscles.
The deficiency of GABA, just like the rest of the neurotransmitters of
the brain, influences the key functional domains of the brain.
Personality, memory, physical, as well as attention issues, could also
manifest themselves as a result of a deficiency of GABA (National
Institute of Mental Health, 2008). Such issues may include chronic
pain, headache, backache, loss of muscle, palpitations, constipation,
insomnia chronic pain, urinary frequency, restlessness, rage,
incoherent flows of thoughts, and difficulties in paying attention.
Behavior regulation
The inhibitory and excitatory postsynaptic potentials, as well as the
transmitters and synaptic transmission, are actively involved in the
generation and control of various behaviors. In this regard, a
postsynaptic potential refers to an alteration of the ‘resting potential’,
following a presynaptic cell stimulus. According to Wickens (2005), a
positive postsynaptic excitatory potential comes about as a result of
positive cells.
On the other hand, if the cell turns out to be negative, then a negative
postsynaptic excitatory potential ensues. Wickens (2005) further
opines that neurotransmission comes about following a nerve impulse
accumulation at the axon hillock, located inside a neuron. As a result
of these nerve impulses accumulating, neurotransmission (otherwise
referred to as synaptic transmission) occurs. It is this synaptic
transmission, therefore, that enables the various neurons to
communicate.
Primary transmitters
There are about four transmitters that are often termed primary
transmitters. These include dopamine, serotonin, acetylcholine, and
GABA.
Serotonin
Serotonin production within the brain is associated with the occipital
brain lobes located next to the brain’s rear. This is the area that is
charged with the responsibility for vision control as well as a
regulation of one’s brain’s ability to go to ‘resynchronize’ and go to
rest (Murphy & Barkley, 2005). All of this is made possible thanks to
the generation of serotonin together with its accompanying delta
waves in the brain. At a time when the levels of serotonin in an
individual are quite well balanced, such an individual makes rational
thoughts, and they also tend to enjoy deep sleep.
An overproduction of serotonin may lead to paranoid and nervous
individuals. Besides, excessive serotonin levels could also result in
inferiority and inadequacy feelings, thereby leading to depression,
sadness, depression, and anger. It has also been shown that the
inception of serotonin deficiencies is often exhibited by such early
signs of warning that indicate a disengagement between, on the one
hand, the body and on the other hand, the mind (Wickens, 2005). A
number of these symptoms thus entails hallucinations, hypertension,
depression, palpitation, loner behavior, allergies, pain and aches in the
muscles, urinary frequencies, codependency, restlessness, loss of
memory, phobias, shyness, and perfectionism.
Acetylcholine
This is used in reference to the neurotransmitter that is generated by
neurons located at the brain’s parietal lobes. There is a correlation
between acetylcholine and the brain’s alpha waves, responsible for
regulating the speed of the brain. The neuron acetylcholine acts as a
lubricant, in effect ensuring that brain cells always remain in a moist
state, thereby enabling an easier passage of information and energy
through cells (Wickens, 2005). In addition, acetylcholine functions as
a building block of myelin, responsible for insulating the body, as well
as nerve protection.
A balance acetylcholine level results in a confident and creative
individual. It has been documented that virtually all the deficiencies of
acetylcholine result in dehydration. Some of the other diseases and
symptoms that may come about due to its deficiency include anxiety,
Alzheimer’s disease, inflammatory disorders, osteoporosis, mood
swings, bipolar disorder, memory disturbances, and disorders of
learning (National Institute of Mental Health, 2008).
Dopamine
This refers to those waves of the brain that are responsible for the
alertness exhibited by individuals. These brain waves get created from
dopamine-producing neurons, in the brain’s frontal lobes. Dopamine
plays the role of a natural amphetamine, thereby facilitating energy
control, motivation as well as excitement (Martin, 2006). In addition,
dopamine is responsible for controlling metabolism, voluntary
movements, blood pressure, digestion, setting of goals, intelligence,
production of adrenaline, abstract thoughts, and also facilitates in
making long-term plans.
On the other hand, its deficiency often results in anemia, a loss in
bone density, pain in the joints, disorders of the thyroid, depression,
mood swings, anger, forgetfulness, elevated blood pressure, instability
in blood sugar, and hyperactivity. Hormones or medications are
usually used in treating severe deficiencies of dopamine.
GABA
This transmitter is responsible for the production of calmness, and
also plays a role in the endorphins production. An individual that
exhibits a balanced level of GABA is often characterized by a sense of
reliability and stability (Martin, 2006). On the negative side, however,
GABA levels in excess may lead to individuals abandoning their
personal needs, and instead, opt to let the plight of others take center
stage. A deficiency of the GABA transmitters, at the early stage, may
entail irritability and nervousness, or even feelings of anxiety. At
times, individuals exhibiting these deficiencies may even start
experiences feelings of being stressed out, overwhelmed even, as well
as light-headedness, allergies, and aching muscles.
The deficiency of GABA, just like the rest of the neurotransmitters of
the brain, influences the key functional domains of the brain.
Personality, memory, physical, as well as attention issues, could also
manifest themselves as a result of a deficiency of GABA (National
Institute of Mental Health, 2008). Such issues may include chronic
pain, headache, backache, loss of muscle, palpitations, constipation,
insomnia chronic pain, urinary frequency, restlessness, rage,
incoherent flows of thoughts, and difficulties in paying attention.
Behavior regulation
The inhibitory and excitatory postsynaptic potentials, as well as the
transmitters and synaptic transmission, are actively involved in the
generation and control of various behaviors. In this regard, a
postsynaptic potential refers to an alteration of the ‘resting potential’,
following a presynaptic cell stimulus. According to Wickens (2005), a
positive postsynaptic excitatory potential comes about as a result of
positive cells.
On the other hand, if the cell turns out to be negative, then a negative
postsynaptic excitatory potential ensues. Wickens (2005) further
opines that neurotransmission comes about following a nerve impulse
accumulation at the axon hillock, located inside a neuron. As a result
of these nerve impulses accumulating, neurotransmission (otherwise
referred to as synaptic transmission) occurs. It is this synaptic
transmission, therefore, that enables the various neurons to
communicate.
Primary transmitters
There are about four transmitters that are often termed primary
transmitters. These include dopamine, serotonin, acetylcholine, and
GABA.
Serotonin
Serotonin production within the brain is associated with the occipital
brain lobes located next to the brain’s rear. This is the area that is
charged with the responsibility for vision control as well as a
regulation of one’s brain’s ability to go to ‘resynchronize’ and go to
rest (Murphy & Barkley, 2005). All of this is made possible thanks to
the generation of serotonin together with its accompanying delta
waves in the brain. At a time when the levels of serotonin in an
individual are quite well balanced, such an individual makes rational
thoughts, and they also tend to enjoy deep sleep.
An overproduction of serotonin may lead to paranoid and nervous
individuals. Besides, excessive serotonin levels could also result in
inferiority and inadequacy feelings, thereby leading to depression,
sadness, depression, and anger. It has also been shown that the
inception of serotonin deficiencies is often exhibited by such early
signs of warning that indicate a disengagement between, on the one
hand, the body and on the other hand, the mind (Wickens, 2005). A
number of these symptoms thus entails hallucinations, hypertension,
depression, palpitation, loner behavior, allergies, pain and aches in the
muscles, urinary frequencies, codependency, restlessness, loss of
memory, phobias, shyness, and perfectionism.
Acetylcholine
This is used in reference to the neurotransmitter that is generated by
neurons located at the brain’s parietal lobes. There is a correlation
between acetylcholine and the brain’s alpha waves, responsible for
regulating the speed of the brain. The neuron acetylcholine acts as a
lubricant, in effect ensuring that brain cells always remain in a moist
state, thereby enabling an easier passage of information and energy
through cells (Wickens, 2005). In addition, acetylcholine functions as
a building block of myelin, responsible for insulating the body, as well
as nerve protection.
A balance acetylcholine level results in a confident and creative
individual. It has been documented that virtually all the deficiencies of
acetylcholine result in dehydration. Some of the other diseases and
symptoms that may come about due to its deficiency include anxiety,
Alzheimer’s disease, inflammatory disorders, osteoporosis, mood
swings, bipolar disorder, memory disturbances, and disorders of
learning (National Institute of Mental Health, 2008).
Dopamine
This refers to those waves of the brain that are responsible for the
alertness exhibited by individuals. These brain waves get created from
dopamine-producing neurons, in the brain’s frontal lobes. Dopamine
plays the role of a natural amphetamine, thereby facilitating energy
control, motivation as well as excitement (Martin, 2006). In addition,
dopamine is responsible for controlling metabolism, voluntary
movements, blood pressure, digestion, setting of goals, intelligence,
production of adrenaline, abstract thoughts, and also facilitates in
making long-term plans.
On the other hand, its deficiency often results in anemia, a loss in
bone density, pain in the joints, disorders of the thyroid, depression,
mood swings, anger, forgetfulness, elevated blood pressure, instability
in blood sugar, and hyperactivity. Hormones or medications are
usually used in treating severe deficiencies of dopamine.
GABA
This transmitter is responsible for the production of calmness, and
also plays a role in the endorphins production. An individual that
exhibits a balanced level of GABA is often characterized by a sense of
reliability and stability (Martin, 2006). On the negative side, however,
GABA levels in excess may lead to individuals abandoning their
personal needs, and instead, opt to let the plight of others take center
stage. A deficiency of the GABA transmitters, at the early stage, may
entail irritability and nervousness, or even feelings of anxiety. At
times, individuals exhibiting these deficiencies may even start
experiences feelings of being stressed out, overwhelmed even, as well
as light-headedness, allergies, and aching muscles.
The deficiency of GABA, just like the rest of the neurotransmitters of
the brain, influences the key functional domains of the brain.
Personality, memory, physical, as well as attention issues, could also
manifest themselves as a result of a deficiency of GABA (National
Institute of Mental Health, 2008). Such issues may include chronic
pain, headache, backache, loss of muscle, palpitations, constipation,
insomnia chronic pain, urinary frequency, restlessness, rage,
incoherent flows of thoughts, and difficulties in paying attention.
Behavior regulation
The inhibitory and excitatory postsynaptic potentials, as well as the
transmitters and synaptic transmission, are actively involved in the
generation and control of various behaviors. In this regard, a
postsynaptic potential refers to an alteration of the ‘resting potential’,
following a presynaptic cell stimulus. According to Wickens (2005), a
positive postsynaptic excitatory potential comes about as a result of
positive cells.
On the other hand, if the cell turns out to be negative, then a negative
postsynaptic excitatory potential ensues. Wickens (2005) further
opines that neurotransmission comes about following a nerve impulse
accumulation at the axon hillock, located inside a neuron. As a result
of these nerve impulses accumulating, neurotransmission (otherwise
referred to as synaptic transmission) occurs. It is this synaptic
transmission, therefore, that enables the various neurons to
communicate.
Primary transmitters
There are about four transmitters that are often termed primary
transmitters. These include dopamine, serotonin, acetylcholine, and
GABA.
Serotonin
Serotonin production within the brain is associated with the occipital
brain lobes located next to the brain’s rear. This is the area that is
charged with the responsibility for vision control as well as a
regulation of one’s brain’s ability to go to ‘resynchronize’ and go to
rest (Murphy & Barkley, 2005). All of this is made possible thanks to
the generation of serotonin together with its accompanying delta
waves in the brain. At a time when the levels of serotonin in an
individual are quite well balanced, such an individual makes rational
thoughts, and they also tend to enjoy deep sleep.
An overproduction of serotonin may lead to paranoid and nervous
individuals. Besides, excessive serotonin levels could also result in
inferiority and inadequacy feelings, thereby leading to depression,
sadness, depression, and anger. It has also been shown that the
inception of serotonin deficiencies is often exhibited by such early
signs of warning that indicate a disengagement between, on the one
hand, the body and on the other hand, the mind (Wickens, 2005). A
number of these symptoms thus entails hallucinations, hypertension,
depression, palpitation, loner behavior, allergies, pain and aches in the
muscles, urinary frequencies, codependency, restlessness, loss of
memory, phobias, shyness, and perfectionism.
Acetylcholine
This is used in reference to the neurotransmitter that is generated by
neurons located at the brain’s parietal lobes. There is a correlation
between acetylcholine and the brain’s alpha waves, responsible for
regulating the speed of the brain. The neuron acetylcholine acts as a
lubricant, in effect ensuring that brain cells always remain in a moist
state, thereby enabling an easier passage of information and energy
through cells (Wickens, 2005). In addition, acetylcholine functions as
a building block of myelin, responsible for insulating the body, as well
as nerve protection.
A balance acetylcholine level results in a confident and creative
individual. It has been documented that virtually all the deficiencies of
acetylcholine result in dehydration. Some of the other diseases and
symptoms that may come about due to its deficiency include anxiety,
Alzheimer’s disease, inflammatory disorders, osteoporosis, mood
swings, bipolar disorder, memory disturbances, and disorders of
learning (National Institute of Mental Health, 2008).
Dopamine
This refers to those waves of the brain that are responsible for the
alertness exhibited by individuals. These brain waves get created from
dopamine-producing neurons, in the brain’s frontal lobes. Dopamine
plays the role of a natural amphetamine, thereby facilitating energy
control, motivation as well as excitement (Martin, 2006). In addition,
dopamine is responsible for controlling metabolism, voluntary
movements, blood pressure, digestion, setting of goals, intelligence,
production of adrenaline, abstract thoughts, and also facilitates in
making long-term plans.
On the other hand, its deficiency often results in anemia, a loss in
bone density, pain in the joints, disorders of the thyroid, depression,
mood swings, anger, forgetfulness, elevated blood pressure, instability
in blood sugar, and hyperactivity. Hormones or medications are
usually used in treating severe deficiencies of dopamine.
GABA
This transmitter is responsible for the production of calmness, and
also plays a role in the endorphins production. An individual that
exhibits a balanced level of GABA is often characterized by a sense of
reliability and stability (Martin, 2006). On the negative side, however,
GABA levels in excess may lead to individuals abandoning their
personal needs, and instead, opt to let the plight of others take center
stage. A deficiency of the GABA transmitters, at the early stage, may
entail irritability and nervousness, or even feelings of anxiety. At
times, individuals exhibiting these deficiencies may even start
experiences feelings of being stressed out, overwhelmed even, as well
as light-headedness, allergies, and aching muscles.
The deficiency of GABA, just like the rest of the neurotransmitters of
the brain, influences the key functional domains of the brain.
Personality, memory, physical, as well as attention issues, could also
manifest themselves as a result of a deficiency of GABA (National
Institute of Mental Health, 2008). Such issues may include chronic
pain, headache, backache, loss of muscle, palpitations, constipation,
insomnia chronic pain, urinary frequency, restlessness, rage,
incoherent flows of thoughts, and difficulties in paying attention.
Behavior regulation
The inhibitory and excitatory postsynaptic potentials, as well as the
transmitters and synaptic transmission, are actively involved in the
generation and control of various behaviors. In this regard, a
postsynaptic potential refers to an alteration of the ‘resting potential’,
following a presynaptic cell stimulus. According to Wickens (2005), a
positive postsynaptic excitatory potential comes about as a result of
positive cells.
On the other hand, if the cell turns out to be negative, then a negative
postsynaptic excitatory potential ensues. Wickens (2005) further
opines that neurotransmission comes about following a nerve impulse
accumulation at the axon hillock, located inside a neuron. As a result
of these nerve impulses accumulating, neurotransmission (otherwise
referred to as synaptic transmission) occurs. It is this synaptic
transmission, therefore, that enables the various neurons to
communicate.
Primary transmitters
There are about four transmitters that are often termed primary
transmitters. These include dopamine, serotonin, acetylcholine, and
GABA.
Serotonin
Serotonin production within the brain is associated with the occipital
brain lobes located next to the brain’s rear. This is the area that is
charged with the responsibility for vision control as well as a
regulation of one’s brain’s ability to go to ‘resynchronize’ and go to
rest (Murphy & Barkley, 2005). All of this is made possible thanks to
the generation of serotonin together with its accompanying delta
waves in the brain. At a time when the levels of serotonin in an
individual are quite well balanced, such an individual makes rational
thoughts, and they also tend to enjoy deep sleep.
An overproduction of serotonin may lead to paranoid and nervous
individuals. Besides, excessive serotonin levels could also result in
inferiority and inadequacy feelings, thereby leading to depression,
sadness, depression, and anger. It has also been shown that the
inception of serotonin deficiencies is often exhibited by such early
signs of warning that indicate a disengagement between, on the one
hand, the body and on the other hand, the mind (Wickens, 2005). A
number of these symptoms thus entails hallucinations, hypertension,
depression, palpitation, loner behavior, allergies, pain and aches in the
muscles, urinary frequencies, codependency, restlessness, loss of
memory, phobias, shyness, and perfectionism.
Acetylcholine
This is used in reference to the neurotransmitter that is generated by
neurons located at the brain’s parietal lobes. There is a correlation
between acetylcholine and the brain’s alpha waves, responsible for
regulating the speed of the brain. The neuron acetylcholine acts as a
lubricant, in effect ensuring that brain cells always remain in a moist
state, thereby enabling an easier passage of information and energy
through cells (Wickens, 2005). In addition, acetylcholine functions as
a building block of myelin, responsible for insulating the body, as well
as nerve protection.
A balance acetylcholine level results in a confident and creative
individual. It has been documented that virtually all the deficiencies of
acetylcholine result in dehydration. Some of the other diseases and
symptoms that may come about due to its deficiency include anxiety,
Alzheimer’s disease, inflammatory disorders, osteoporosis, mood
swings, bipolar disorder, memory disturbances, and disorders of
learning (National Institute of Mental Health, 2008).
Dopamine
This refers to those waves of the brain that are responsible for the
alertness exhibited by individuals. These brain waves get created from
dopamine-producing neurons, in the brain’s frontal lobes. Dopamine
plays the role of a natural amphetamine, thereby facilitating energy
control, motivation as well as excitement (Martin, 2006). In addition,
dopamine is responsible for controlling metabolism, voluntary
movements, blood pressure, digestion, setting of goals, intelligence,
production of adrenaline, abstract thoughts, and also facilitates in
making long-term plans.
On the other hand, its deficiency often results in anemia, a loss in
bone density, pain in the joints, disorders of the thyroid, depression,
mood swings, anger, forgetfulness, elevated blood pressure, instability
in blood sugar, and hyperactivity. Hormones or medications are
usually used in treating severe deficiencies of dopamine.
GABA
This transmitter is responsible for the production of calmness, and
also plays a role in the endorphins production. An individual that
exhibits a balanced level of GABA is often characterized by a sense of
reliability and stability (Martin, 2006). On the negative side, however,
GABA levels in excess may lead to individuals abandoning their
personal needs, and instead, opt to let the plight of others take center
stage. A deficiency of the GABA transmitters, at the early stage, may
entail irritability and nervousness, or even feelings of anxiety. At
times, individuals exhibiting these deficiencies may even start
experiences feelings of being stressed out, overwhelmed even, as well
as light-headedness, allergies, and aching muscles.
The deficiency of GABA, just like the rest of the neurotransmitters of
the brain, influences the key functional domains of the brain.
Personality, memory, physical, as well as attention issues, could also
manifest themselves as a result of a deficiency of GABA (National
Institute of Mental Health, 2008). Such issues may include chronic
pain, headache, backache, loss of muscle, palpitations, constipation,
insomnia chronic pain, urinary frequency, restlessness, rage,
incoherent flows of thoughts, and difficulties in paying attention.
Behavior regulation
The inhibitory and excitatory postsynaptic potentials, as well as the
transmitters and synaptic transmission, are actively involved in the
generation and control of various behaviors. In this regard, a
postsynaptic potential refers to an alteration of the ‘resting potential’,
following a presynaptic cell stimulus. According to Wickens (2005), a
positive postsynaptic excitatory potential comes about as a result of
positive cells.
On the other hand, if the cell turns out to be negative, then a negative
postsynaptic excitatory potential ensues. Wickens (2005) further
opines that neurotransmission comes about following a nerve impulse
accumulation at the axon hillock, located inside a neuron. As a result
of these nerve impulses accumulating, neurotransmission (otherwise
referred to as synaptic transmission) occurs. It is this synaptic
transmission, therefore, that enables the various neurons to
communicate.
Primary transmitters
There are about four transmitters that are often termed primary
transmitters. These include dopamine, serotonin, acetylcholine, and
GABA.
Serotonin
Serotonin production within the brain is associated with the occipital
brain lobes located next to the brain’s rear. This is the area that is
charged with the responsibility for vision control as well as a
regulation of one’s brain’s ability to go to ‘resynchronize’ and go to
rest (Murphy & Barkley, 2005). All of this is made possible thanks to
the generation of serotonin together with its accompanying delta
waves in the brain. At a time when the levels of serotonin in an
individual are quite well balanced, such an individual makes rational
thoughts, and they also tend to enjoy deep sleep.
An overproduction of serotonin may lead to paranoid and nervous
individuals. Besides, excessive serotonin levels could also result in
inferiority and inadequacy feelings, thereby leading to depression,
sadness, depression, and anger. It has also been shown that the
inception of serotonin deficiencies is often exhibited by such early
signs of warning that indicate a disengagement between, on the one
hand, the body and on the other hand, the mind (Wickens, 2005). A
number of these symptoms thus entails hallucinations, hypertension,
depression, palpitation, loner behavior, allergies, pain and aches in the
muscles, urinary frequencies, codependency, restlessness, loss of
memory, phobias, shyness, and perfectionism.
Acetylcholine
This is used in reference to the neurotransmitter that is generated by
neurons located at the brain’s parietal lobes. There is a correlation
between acetylcholine and the brain’s alpha waves, responsible for
regulating the speed of the brain. The neuron acetylcholine acts as a
lubricant, in effect ensuring that brain cells always remain in a moist
state, thereby enabling an easier passage of information and energy
through cells (Wickens, 2005). In addition, acetylcholine functions as
a building block of myelin, responsible for insulating the body, as well
as nerve protection.
A balance acetylcholine level results in a confident and creative
individual. It has been documented that virtually all the deficiencies of
acetylcholine result in dehydration. Some of the other diseases and
symptoms that may come about due to its deficiency include anxiety,
Alzheimer’s disease, inflammatory disorders, osteoporosis, mood
swings, bipolar disorder, memory disturbances, and disorders of
learning (National Institute of Mental Health, 2008).
Dopamine
This refers to those waves of the brain that are responsible for the
alertness exhibited by individuals. These brain waves get created from
dopamine-producing neurons, in the brain’s frontal lobes. Dopamine
plays the role of a natural amphetamine, thereby facilitating energy
control, motivation as well as excitement (Martin, 2006). In addition,
dopamine is responsible for controlling metabolism, voluntary
movements, blood pressure, digestion, setting of goals, intelligence,
production of adrenaline, abstract thoughts, and also facilitates in
making long-term plans.
On the other hand, its deficiency often results in anemia, a loss in
bone density, pain in the joints, disorders of the thyroid, depression,
mood swings, anger, forgetfulness, elevated blood pressure, instability
in blood sugar, and hyperactivity. Hormones or medications are
usually used in treating severe deficiencies of dopamine.
GABA
This transmitter is responsible for the production of calmness, and
also plays a role in the endorphins production. An individual that
exhibits a balanced level of GABA is often characterized by a sense of
reliability and stability (Martin, 2006). On the negative side, however,
GABA levels in excess may lead to individuals abandoning their
personal needs, and instead, opt to let the plight of others take center
stage. A deficiency of the GABA transmitters, at the early stage, may
entail irritability and nervousness, or even feelings of anxiety. At
times, individuals exhibiting these deficiencies may even start
experiences feelings of being stressed out, overwhelmed even, as well
as light-headedness, allergies, and aching muscles.
The deficiency of GABA, just like the rest of the neurotransmitters of
the brain, influences the key functional domains of the brain.
Personality, memory, physical, as well as attention issues, could also
manifest themselves as a result of a deficiency of GABA (National
Institute of Mental Health, 2008). Such issues may include chronic
pain, headache, backache, loss of muscle, palpitations, constipation,
insomnia chronic pain, urinary frequency, restlessness, rage,
incoherent flows of thoughts, and difficulties in paying attention.
Behavior regulation
The inhibitory and excitatory postsynaptic potentials, as well as the
transmitters and synaptic transmission, are actively involved in the
generation and control of various behaviors. In this regard, a
postsynaptic potential refers to an alteration of the ‘resting potential’,
following a presynaptic cell stimulus. According to Wickens (2005), a
positive postsynaptic excitatory potential comes about as a result of
positive cells.
On the other hand, if the cell turns out to be negative, then a negative
postsynaptic excitatory potential ensues. Wickens (2005) further
opines that neurotransmission comes about following a nerve impulse
accumulation at the axon hillock, located inside a neuron. As a result
of these nerve impulses accumulating, neurotransmission (otherwise
referred to as synaptic transmission) occurs. It is this synaptic
transmission, therefore, that enables the various neurons to
communicate.
Primary transmitters
There are about four transmitters that are often termed primary
transmitters. These include dopamine, serotonin, acetylcholine, and
GABA.
Serotonin
Serotonin production within the brain is associated with the occipital
brain lobes located next to the brain’s rear. This is the area that is
charged with the responsibility for vision control as well as a
regulation of one’s brain’s ability to go to ‘resynchronize’ and go to
rest (Murphy & Barkley, 2005). All of this is made possible thanks to
the generation of serotonin together with its accompanying delta
waves in the brain. At a time when the levels of serotonin in an
individual are quite well balanced, such an individual makes rational
thoughts, and they also tend to enjoy deep sleep.
An overproduction of serotonin may lead to paranoid and nervous
individuals. Besides, excessive serotonin levels could also result in
inferiority and inadequacy feelings, thereby leading to depression,
sadness, depression, and anger. It has also been shown that the
inception of serotonin deficiencies is often exhibited by such early
signs of warning that indicate a disengagement between, on the one
hand, the body and on the other hand, the mind (Wickens, 2005). A
number of these symptoms thus entails hallucinations, hypertension,
depression, palpitation, loner behavior, allergies, pain and aches in the
muscles, urinary frequencies, codependency, restlessness, loss of
memory, phobias, shyness, and perfectionism.
Acetylcholine
This is used in reference to the neurotransmitter that is generated by
neurons located at the brain’s parietal lobes. There is a correlation
between acetylcholine and the brain’s alpha waves, responsible for
regulating the speed of the brain. The neuron acetylcholine acts as a
lubricant, in effect ensuring that brain cells always remain in a moist
state, thereby enabling an easier passage of information and energy
through cells (Wickens, 2005). In addition, acetylcholine functions as
a building block of myelin, responsible for insulating the body, as well
as nerve protection.
A balance acetylcholine level results in a confident and creative
individual. It has been documented that virtually all the deficiencies of
acetylcholine result in dehydration. Some of the other diseases and
symptoms that may come about due to its deficiency include anxiety,
Alzheimer’s disease, inflammatory disorders, osteoporosis, mood
swings, bipolar disorder, memory disturbances, and disorders of
learning (National Institute of Mental Health, 2008).
Dopamine
This refers to those waves of the brain that are responsible for the
alertness exhibited by individuals. These brain waves get created from
dopamine-producing neurons, in the brain’s frontal lobes. Dopamine
plays the role of a natural amphetamine, thereby facilitating energy
control, motivation as well as excitement (Martin, 2006). In addition,
dopamine is responsible for controlling metabolism, voluntary
movements, blood pressure, digestion, setting of goals, intelligence,
production of adrenaline, abstract thoughts, and also facilitates in
making long-term plans.
On the other hand, its deficiency often results in anemia, a loss in
bone density, pain in the joints, disorders of the thyroid, depression,
mood swings, anger, forgetfulness, elevated blood pressure, instability
in blood sugar, and hyperactivity. Hormones or medications are
usually used in treating severe deficiencies of dopamine.
GABA
This transmitter is responsible for the production of calmness, and
also plays a role in the endorphins production. An individual that
exhibits a balanced level of GABA is often characterized by a sense of
reliability and stability (Martin, 2006). On the negative side, however,
GABA levels in excess may lead to individuals abandoning their
personal needs, and instead, opt to let the plight of others take center
stage. A deficiency of the GABA transmitters, at the early stage, may
entail irritability and nervousness, or even feelings of anxiety. At
times, individuals exhibiting these deficiencies may even start
experiences feelings of being stressed out, overwhelmed even, as well
as light-headedness, allergies, and aching muscles.
The deficiency of GABA, just like the rest of the neurotransmitters of
the brain, influences the key functional domains of the brain.
Personality, memory, physical, as well as attention issues, could also
manifest themselves as a result of a deficiency of GABA (National
Institute of Mental Health, 2008). Such issues may include chronic
pain, headache, backache, loss of muscle, palpitations, constipation,
insomnia chronic pain, urinary frequency, restlessness, rage,
incoherent flows of thoughts, and difficulties in paying attention.
