Explain the basic process of the respiratory system from initial respiration through gas
exchange.
BIOL2001C - Anatomy and Physiology I
University of Cincinnati
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
Respiratory ventilation has two steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that
causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs
(OpenStax CNX, 2013). The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory
tract. The upper respiratory tract contains the mouth, nose, and pharynx. The lowerrespiratory
tract continues below the larynx to include the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the alveoli
(Acrobatiq, 2014). The lower respiratory system has been compared to a tree with the trachea
representing the trunk and the branches of the bronchial, bronchioles with the terminalalveoli
the leaves.
Respiration begins with inhalation, which starts with the contraction of the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles, which increases the volume of the thorax. Causing and expansion
of the chest cavity and lowers the atmospheric pressure within. Because the pressure is lower
in the pleural space of the chest, this forces air from the outside in. As the air is inhaled through
either the oral or nasal cavity, it circulates across the mucous membranes that line the upper
airway. The air passes through the nasopharynx/oropharynx and then on to the laryngopharynx.
From there through the trachea and main bronchus and branching into theright and left primary
bronchial tubes of lungs. It will then pass into the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are
grape-like terminal structures of the lungs and surrounded by arterial capillary beds. The thin
walls of the alveoli are the location where the exchange of gases between respiratory tissue and
blood supply sent by the right ventricle of the heart. The walls of the alveoli are in close contact
with the capillaries, and they share a basement membrane and a cell wall that is only one cell
wall thick. This design allows the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli exchange with carbon
dioxide from the blood. The oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin molecules on the red blood cell
(OpenStax CNX, 2013).
Carbon dioxide will leave the body with exhalation. When exhaling the diaphragm will relax
which contracts the intercostal muscles of the chest. This action will cause an increase in the
pressure within the chest cavity that is greater than external pressure. This pressure allows the
carbon dioxide to pass from the alveoli into the bronchioles and up through the bronchial tree,
larynx, and pharynx and out through the mouth.
