HRM568
Preview: HRM568 : Human Resource Management Consulting
Course Guide
Prerequisites
Course Description
Instructional Materials
Course Learning Outcomes
This course analyzes the human resource management profession from a consulting perspective. Students learn how to capitalize
on their experience to succeed in the human resource consulting field. Principles and practices are explored in relation to
developing human resource management solutions for clients.
Required Resources
Peter Block. 2011. Flawless
Consulting:
A
Guide
to
Getting
Your
Expertise
Used (3rd ed.). Pfeiffer-Wiley.
Peter Block. 2001. The
Flawless
Consulting
Fieldbook
and
Companion:
A
Guide
to
Understanding
Your
Expertise. Pfeiffer-
Wiley.
Guy Cohen. 2007. The Tower of Babel and the Rally Driver: Understanding and Negotiating Through Resistance and Change.
Journal
of
Practical
Consulting, vol. 1, no. 2. https://www.regent.edu/acad/global/publications/jpc/vol1iss2/cohen/cohen.htm
Supplemental Resources
Richard H. Axelrod. 2000. Terms
of
Engagement:
Changing
the
Way
We
Change
Organizations. Pfeiffer-Wiley.
Elaine Beich. 1999. The
Business
of
Consulting.
The
Basics
and
Beyond. Pfeiffer-Wiley.
Rick Maurer. 1996. Beyond
the
Wall
of
Resistance:
Unconventional
Strategies
That
Build
Support for Change. Bard Press.
SHRM. No date. Become a SHRM Student Member. https://www.shrm.org/Membership/student-resources/Pages/memberinfo.aspx
Create a consulting contract for a client that defines the project objectives, roles, and suggested
schedule.
1
Incorporate the core skills of engagement in a performance review.
2
Determine how to manage employee resistance to an outsourcing decision, providing the rational.
3
Justify the use of applying the whole systems approach for a consulting problem.
4
NOTE: The links in this document do not function. Please refer to your course to view/download
linked content.
Weekly Course Schedule
Week 1 - To Do List
Discuss: Introduce yourself to your classmates and your professor.
Learn: Read Chapters 1 and 2 of Flawless
Consulting.
Learn: Read Chapters 1 and 2 of The
Flawless
Consulting
Fieldbook
and
Companion.
Learn: Read the PowerPoint slides and notes.
Discuss: Complete the discussion, Flawless Consulting.
Week 2 - To Do List
Learn: Read Chapters 3 and 4 in Flawless
Consulting.
Learn: Read Chapters 3 and 4 in The
Flawless
Consulting
Fieldbook
and
Companion.
Learn: Read the PowerPoint presentations and notes.
Discuss: Complete the discussion, Trust and Accountability.
Week 3 - To Do List
Learn: Read Chapters 5 and 6 of Flawless
Consulting.
Learn: Read Chapters 5 and 6 of The
Flawless
Consulting
Fieldbook
and
Companion.
Learn: Read the PowerPoint presentations and notes.
Discuss: Complete the discussion, Consulting Relationship and Negotiation.
Propose how to integrate the elements of engagement into the contract implementation process.
5
Week 3 - To Do List
Assignment: Submit the assignment, Consulting Contract.
Week 4 - To Do List
Learn: Read Chapter 7 in Flawless
Consulting.
Learn: Read Chapter 7 in The
Flawless
Consulting
Fieldbook
and
Companion.
Learn: Read the PowerPoint presentations and notes.
Discuss: Complete the discussion, Internal and External Consultants and Consultant Behavior.
Assignment: Submit the assignment, Core Skills of Engagement.
Week 5 - To Do List
Learn: Read Chapters 8 and 9 in Flawless
Consulting.
Learn: Read Chapters 11 and 12 in The
Flawless
Consulting
Fieldbook
and
Companion.
Learn: Read "The Tower of Babel and the Rally Driver: Understanding and Negotiating Through Resistance to Organizational
Change."
Learn: Read the PowerPoint presentations and notes.
Discuss: Complete the discussion, Faces of Resistance and Resistance to a Consultant.
Week 6 - To Do List
Learn: Read Chapters 10 and 11 in Flawless
Consulting.
Learn: Introduction to Part 3 and Chapters 13 and 34 in The
Flawless
Consulting
Fieldbook
and
Companion.
Learn: Read the PowerPoint presentations and notes.
Week 6 - To Do List
Discuss: Complete the discussion, Business Problems.
Assignment: Submit the assignment, Employee Resistance.
Week 7 - To Do List
Learn: Read Chapters 12 and 13 of Flawless
Consulting.
Learn: Read Chapters 14, 15, and 16 of The
Flawless
Consulting
Fieldbook
and
Companion.
Learn: Read the PowerPoint presentations and notes.
Prepare: Complete Internet research to prepare for this discussion.
Discuss: Complete the discussion, Positive Deviance.
Week 8 - To Do List
Learn: Read Chapters 14 and 15 in Flawless
Consulting.
Learn: Read Chapters 17 and 18 in The
Flawless
Consulting
Fieldbook
and
Companion.
Learn: Read the PowerPoint presentations and notes.
Discuss: Complete the discussion, Data and Action.
Assignment: Submit the assignment, The Whole-System Approach.
Week 9 - To Do List
Learn: Read Chapters 16 and 17 in Flawless
Consulting.
Learn: Read Chapters 30 and 32 in The
Flawless
Consulting
Fieldbook
and
Companion.
Learn: Read the PowerPoint presentations and notes.
Week 9 - To Do List
Discuss: Complete the discussion, Engagement.
Week 10 - To Do List
Learn: Read Chapters 18 and 19 in Flawless
Consulting.
Learn: Read Chapters 33, 35, and 38 in The
Flawless
Consulting
Fieldbook
and
Companion.
Learn: Read the PowerPoint presentations and notes.
Discuss: Complete the discussion, Reactions to Change.
Assignment: Submit Integrating Elements of Engagement.
Week 11 - To Do List
Discuss: Complete the discussion, Checklist Use.
Grading Scale
Participation Total Points % of Grade
Discussion Participation 330 33%
Assignment Total Points % of Grade
w03a1 - Consulting Contract 140 14%
w04a1 - Core Skills of Engagement 110 11%
w06a1 - Employee Resistance 140 14%
w08a1 - The Whole-System Approach 140 14%
w10a1 - Integrating Elements of Engagement 140 14%
Totals 1000 100%
Final Course Grade
Points Percentage Grade
900 - 1000 90% - 100% A
Points Percentage Grade
800 - 899 80% - 89% B
700 - 799 70% - 79% C
0 - 699 69% and below F
Unique Course Features
Grading Scale Notation
Please consult the University Catalog and your academic advisor to determine the final grade needed in this class to satisfy your
specific degree conferral requirements.
Assignments
w03a1 - Consulting Contract
Summary
Click the linked activity title to access this assignment.
Text
Given that project teams within a large hospital department have been ineffective in meeting their productivity goals and providing
patient information in a timely way, you are asked to work with the teams to analyze and resolve the situation.
Develop the elements of your consulting contract using the following requirements:
1. Create a consulting contract that defines the boundaries of your analysis and objectives of the project.
2. Explain the kinds of information you seek and your role in the project.
3. Define the product you will deliver and support you will need from the client.
4. Identify suggested time schedule, confidentially, and feedback.
This course requires the use of Strayer Writing Standards. For assistance and information, please refer to the Strayer Writing
Standards link in the left-hand menu of your course. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
The specific course learning outcome associated with this assignment is:
Create a consulting contract for a client that defines the project objectives, roles, and suggested schedule.
Scoring Guide
Create a consulting contract that defines the boundaries of
your analysis and objectives of the project. 20 %
Unacceptable
Did not complete the
assignment or did not define
the boundaries of your
analysis and objectives of the
project; omitted key
information and/or included
irrelevant information.
Needs Improvement
Defined partially the
boundaries of your analysis
and objectives of the project;
omitted some key
information.
Competent
Defined sufficiently the
boundaries of your analysis
and objectives of the project.
Exemplary
Defined fully the boundaries
of your analysis and
objectives of the project.
Explain the kinds of information you seek and your role in the
project. 20 %
Unacceptable
Did not complete the
assignment or did not explain
the kinds of information
sought and your role in the
project; omitted key
information and/or included
irrelevant information.
Needs Improvement
Explained partially the kinds
of information sought and
your role in the project;
omitted some key
information.
Competent
Explained sufficiently the
kinds of information sought
and your role in the project.
Exemplary
Explained fully the kinds of
information sought and your
role in the project.
Define the product you will deliver and support you will need
from the client. 20 %
Unacceptable
Did not complete the
assignment or did not define
the product you will deliver
and support you will need
from the client; omitted key
information and/or included
irrelevant information.
Needs Improvement
Defined partially the product
you will deliver and support
you will need from the client;
omitted some key
information.
Competent
Defined sufficiently the
product you will deliver and
support you will need from the
client.
Exemplary
Defined fully the product you
will deliver and support you
will need from the client.
Identify suggested time schedule, confidentiality, and
feedback. 20 %
Unacceptable
Did not complete the
assignment or did not identify
time schedule, confidentiality,
and feedback; omitted key
information and/or included
irrelevant information.
Needs Improvement
Identified partially the time
schedule, confidentiality, and
feedback; omitted some key
information.
Competent
Identified sufficiently the time
schedule, confidentiality, and
feedback.
Exemplary
Identified fully the time
schedule, confidentiality, and
feedback.
Clarity. 10 %
Unacceptable
Did not complete the
assignment or explanations
are unclear and not
organized.
Needs Improvement
Explanations generally
unclear and not well
organized.
Competent
Explanations generally clear
and/or organized.
Exemplary
Explanations very clear and
well organized.
Writing – Grammar, sentence structure, paragraph structure,
spelling, punctuation, and SWS usage. 10 %
Unacceptable
Did not complete the
assignment or had 8 or more
different errors in grammar,
sentence structure, paragraph
structure, spelling,
punctuation, or SWS usage.
Needs Improvement
Had 6–7 different errors in
grammar, sentence structure,
paragraph structure, spelling,
punctuation, or SWS usage.
Competent
Had 4–5 different errors in
grammar, sentence structure,
paragraph structure, spelling,
punctuation, or SWS usage.
Exemplary
Had 0–3 different errors in
grammar, sentence structure,
paragraph structure, spelling,
punctuation, or SWS usage.
w04a1 - Core Skills of Engagement
Summary
Click the linked activity title to access this assignment.
Text
Develop a two-page proposal that explains how to apply at least three core skills of engagement to an effective performance review
conversation. Include the following:
Explain why performance reviews are difficult conversations.
Describe how you would introduce the performance review, using three of the core skills on pages 59–61:
Telling the truth.
Self-disclosure.
Framing choices.
Extending goodwill.
Taking and supporting the other side.
Naming difficult issues.
Acknowledging doubt, anxiety, and guilt.
Making promises and offering guarantees.
Explain the three core skills that you used.
Provide rationale for each of the three core skills used.
This course requires the use of Strayer Writing Standards. For assistance and information, please refer to the Strayer Writing
Standards link in the left-hand menu of your course. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
The specific course learning outcome associated with this assignment is:
Incorporate the core skills of engagement in a performance review.
Scoring Guide
Explain why performance reviews are difficult conversations.
15 %
Unacceptable
Did not complete the
assignment or did not explain
why performance reviews are
difficult conversations;
omitted key information
and/or included irrelevant
information.
Needs Improvement
Explained partially why
performance reviews are
difficult conversations;
omitted some key
information.
Competent
Explained sufficiently why
performance reviews are
difficult conversations.
Exemplary
Explained fully why
performance reviews are
difficult conversations.
Describe how you would introduce the performance review
using three of the core skills on pages 59–61. 25 %
Unacceptable
Did not complete the
assignment or did describe
how you would introduce the
performance review using
three of the core skills;
omitted key information
and/or included irrelevant
information.
Needs Improvement
Described partially how you
would introduce the
performance review using
three of the core skills;
omitted some key
information.
Competent
Described sufficiently how
you would introduce the
performance review using
three of the core skills.
Exemplary
Described fully how you would
introduce the performance
review, using three of the core
skills.
Explain the three core skills that you used. 15 %
Unacceptable
Did not complete the
assignment or did not explain
the three core skills that you
used; omitted key information
and/or included irrelevant
information.
Needs Improvement
Explained partially the three
core skills that you used;
omitted some key
information.
Competent
Explained sufficiently the
three core skills that you
used.
Exemplary
Explained fully the three core
skills that you used.
Provide rationale for each of the three core skills used. 25 %
Unacceptable
Did not complete the
assignment or did not provide
rationale for each of the three
core skills used; omitted key
information and/or included
irrelevant information.
Needs Improvement
Partially provided the
rationale for each of the three
core skills used; omitted
some key information.
Competent
Sufficiently provided the
rationale for each of the three
core skills used.
Exemplary
Fully provided the rationale
for each of the three core
skills used.
Clarity. 10 %
Unacceptable
Did not complete the
assignment or explanations
are unclear and not
organized.
Needs Improvement
Explanations generally
unclear and not well
organized.
Competent
Explanations generally clear
and/or organized.
Exemplary
Explanations very clear and
well organized.
Writing – Grammar, sentence structure, paragraph structure,
spelling, punctuation, and SWS usage. 10 %
Unacceptable
Did not complete the
assignment or had 8 or more
different errors in grammar,
sentence structure, paragraph
structure, spelling,
punctuation, or SWS usage.
Needs Improvement
Had 6–7 different errors in
grammar, sentence structure,
paragraph structure, spelling,
punctuation, or SWS usage.
Competent
Had 4–5 different errors in
grammar, sentence structure,
paragraph structure, spelling,
punctuation, or SWS usage.
Exemplary
Had 0–3 different errors in
grammar, sentence structure,
paragraph structure, spelling,
punctuation, or SWS usage.
w06a1 - Employee Resistance
Summary
Click the linked activity title to access this assignment.
Text
IO Corporation is a 32-year-old information technology company with more than one million products sold worldwide, including thin
clients, which replace bulky computer hard drives in networks. Its competitors in the thin-client market include Hewlett-Packard, Dell
Computer, and Wyse Technology. IO Corp is considering outsourcing its customer service activities. Employees may resist this
outsourcing plan because they fear their jobs would be lost.
Prepare a 3–4 page paper that includes the following:
1. Discuss the factors involved in the outsourcing decision.
2. Describe the issues surrounding the sense of control.
3. Prioritize the steps involved in meeting employee resistance to the outsourcing plan, and rationalize the plan.
4. Justify why employees' jobs should be protected.
This course requires the use of Strayer Writing Standards. For assistance and information, please refer to the Strayer Writing
Standards link in the left-hand menu of your course. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
The specific course learning outcome associated with this assignment is:
Determine how to manage employee resistance to an outsourcing decision, providing the rationale.
Scoring Guide
Discuss the factors involved in the outsourcing decision. 20
%
Unacceptable
Did not complete the
assignment or did not discuss
the factors involved in the
outsourcing decision; omitted
key information and/or
included irrelevant
information.
Needs Improvement
Discussed partially the
factors involved in the
outsourcing decision; omitted
some key information.
Competent
Discussed sufficiently the
factors involved in the
outsourcing decision.
Exemplary
Discussed fully the factors
involved in the outsourcing
decision.
Describe the issues surrounding the sense of control. 20 %
Unacceptable
Did not complete the
assignment or did not
describe the issues
surrounding the sense of
control; omitted key
information and/or included
irrelevant information.
Needs Improvement
Described partially the issues
surrounding the sense of
control; omitted some key
information.
Competent
Described sufficiently the
issues surrounding the sense
of control.
Exemplary
Described fully the issues
surrounding the sense of
control.
Prioritize the steps involved in meeting employee resistance
to the outsourcing plan, and rationalize the plan. 20 %
Unacceptable
Did not complete the
assignment or did not
prioritize and rationalize the
steps involved in meeting
employee resistance to the
outsourcing plan; omitted key
information and/or included
irrelevant information.
Needs Improvement
Prioritized and rationalized
partially the steps involved in
meeting employee resistance
to the outsourcing plan;
omitted some key
information.
Competent
Prioritized and rationalized
sufficiently the steps involved
in the meeting employee
resistance to the outsourcing
plan.
Exemplary
Prioritized and rationalized
fully the steps involved
meeting employee resistance
to the outsourcing plan.
Justify why employees’ jobs should be protected. 20 %
Unacceptable
Did not justify why employees’
jobs should be protected;
omitted key information
and/or included irrelevant
information.
Needs Improvement
Partially justified why
employees’ jobs should be
protected; omitted some key
information.
Competent
Sufficiently justified why
employees’ jobs should be
protected.
Exemplary
Fully justified why employees’
jobs should be protected.
Clarity. 10 %
Unacceptable Needs Improvement Competent Exemplary
Did not complete the
assignment, or explanations
are unclear and not
organized.
Explanations generally
unclear and not well
organized.
Explanations generally clear
and/or organized.
Explanations very clear and
well organized.
Writing – Grammar, sentence structure, paragraph structure,
spelling, punctuation, and SWS usage. Include 2 references.
10 %
Unacceptable
Did not complete the
assignment, or had 8 or more
different errors in grammar,
sentence structure, paragraph
structure, spelling,
punctuation, or SWS usage.
Needs Improvement
Had 6–7 different errors in
grammar, sentence structure,
paragraph structure, spelling,
punctuation, or SWS usage.
Competent
Had 4–5 different errors in
grammar, sentence structure,
paragraph structure, spelling,
punctuation, or SWS usage.
Exemplary
Had 0–3 different errors in
grammar, sentence structure,
paragraph structure, spelling,
punctuation, or SWS usage.
w08a1 - The Whole-System Approach
Summary
Click the linked activity title to access this assignment.
Text
Prepare a 3–4 page paper that includes the following:
1. Create an outline of the whole-systems approach within an organization for a consulting problem that deals with either employee
safety, the introduction of new e-mail procedures, or the opening of a new retail outlet.
2. Compare the outline to that of a third-party approach.
3. Explain the importance of trusting the process.
4. Consider how positive deviance can be used in this consulting problem.
This course requires the use of Strayer Writing Standards. For assistance and information, please refer to the Strayer Writing
Standards link in the left-hand menu of your course. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
The specific course learning outcome associated with this assignment is:
Justify the use of applying the whole-system approach for a consulting problem.
Scoring Guide
Create an outline of the whole-system approach within an
organization for a consulting problem that relates to one of
the issues provided. 25 %
Unacceptable
Did not complete the
assignment or did not create
an outline of the whole-system
approach within an
organization for a consulting
problem that deals with one of
the issues; omitted key
Needs Improvement
Partially created an outline of
the whole-system approach
within an organization for a
consulting problem that deals
with one of the issues;
omitted some key
information.
Competent
Sufficiently created an outline
of the whole-system approach
within an organization for a
consulting problem that deals
with one of the issues.
Exemplary
Fully created an outline of the
whole-system approach
within an organization for a
consulting problem that deals
with one of the issues.
information and/or included
irrelevant information.
Compare the outline to that of a third-party approach. 15 %
Unacceptable
Did not compare the outline
to that of a third-party
approach; omitted key
information and/or included
irrelevant information.
Needs Improvement
Partially compared the outline
to that of a third-party
approach; omitted some key
information.
Competent
Sufficiently compared the
outline to that of a third-party
approach.
Exemplary
Fully compared the outline to
that of a third-party approach.
Explain the importance of trusting the process. 20 %
Unacceptable
Did not explain the
importance of trusting the
process; omitted key
information and/or included
irrelevant information.
Needs Improvement
Explained partially the
importance of trusting the
process; omitted some key
information.
Competent
Explained sufficiently the
importance of trusting the
process.
Exemplary
Explained fully the importance
of trusting the process.
Consider how positive deviance can be used in this
consulting problem. 20 %
Unacceptable
Did not complete the
assignment or did not
consider how positive
deviance can be used in this
consulting problem; omitted
key information and/or
included irrelevant
information.
Needs Improvement
Considered partially how
positive deviance can be
used in this consulting
problem; omitted some key
information.
Competent
Consider sufficiently how
positive deviance can be
used in this consulting
problem.
Exemplary
Considered fully how positive
deviance can be used in this
consulting problem.
Clarity. 10 %
Unacceptable
Did not complete the
assignment or explanations
are unclear and not
organized. (Major issues.)
Needs Improvement
Explanations generally
unclear and not well
organized. (Many issues.)
Competent
Explanations generally clear
and/or organized. (Minor
issues.)
Exemplary
Explanations very clear and
well organized. (Added
helpful details.)
Writing – Grammar, sentence structure, paragraph structure,
spelling, punctuation, and SWS usage. 10 %
Unacceptable
Did not complete the
assignment or had 8 or more
different errors in grammar,
sentence structure, paragraph
structure, spelling,
punctuation, or SWS usage.
Needs Improvement
Had 6–7 different errors in
grammar, sentence structure,
paragraph structure, spelling,
punctuation, or SWS usage.
Competent
Had 4–5 different errors in
grammar, sentence structure,
paragraph structure, spelling,
punctuation, or SWS usage.
Exemplary
Had 0–3 different errors in
grammar, sentence structure,
paragraph structure, spelling,
punctuation, or SWS usage.
w10a1 - Integrating Elements of Engagement
Summary
Click the linked activity title to access this assignment.
Text
Develop a 3–4 page proposal for integrating the elements of engagement into the implementation process. Include the following:
1. Explain what you will do during the implementation event to tilt the balance away from the presentation toward participation.
2. Include a synopsis of how people might react to the idea that change is imminent and that they will be involved in the change
process.
3. Explain what you will do to help people get unstuck from the same old conversations and begin new ones.
4. Explain how you will bring the element of place into your design for each event.
This course requires the use of Strayer Writing Standards. For assistance and information, please refer to the Strayer Writing
Standards link in the left-hand menu of your course. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
The specific course learning outcome associated with this assignment is:
Propose how to integrate the elements of engagement into the contract implementation process.
Scoring Guide
Explain what you will do during the implementation event to
tilt the balance away from the presentation toward
participation. 25 %
Unacceptable
Did not complete the
assignment or did not explain
what you will do during the
implementation event to tilt
the balance; omitted key
information and/or included
irrelevant information.
Needs Improvement
Explained partially what you
will do during the
implementation event to tilt
the balance; omitted some
key information.
Competent
Explained sufficiently what
you will do during the
implementation event to tilt
the balance.
Exemplary
Explained fully what you will
do during the implementation
event to tilt the balance.
Include a synopsis of how people might react to the idea that
change is imminent and that they will be involved in the
change process. 15 %
Unacceptable
Did not complete the
assignment or did not include
a synopsis of how people
might react to the idea that
change is imminent and that
they will be involved in the
change process; omitted key
information and/or included
irrelevant information.
Needs Improvement
Included partially a synopsis
of how people might react to
the idea that change is
imminent and that they will be
involved in the change
process; omitted some key
information.
Competent
Included sufficiently a
synopsis of how people might
react to the idea that change
is imminent and that they will
be involved in the change
process.
Exemplary
Included fully a synopsis of
how people might react to the
idea that change is imminent
and that they will be involved
in the change process.
Explain what you will do to help people get unstuck from the
same old conversations and begin new ones. 20 %
Unacceptable
Did not complete the
assignment or did not explain
what you will do to help
people get unstuck from the
same old conversations and
begin new ones; omitted key
Needs Improvement
Explained partially how you
will help people get unstuck
from the same old
conversations and begin new
ones. omitted some key
information.
Competent
Explained sufficiently what
you will do to help people get
unstuck from the same old
conversations and begin new
ones.
Exemplary
Explained fully what you will
do to help people get unstuck
from the same old
conversations and begin new
ones.
© 2020 Strategic Education, Inc.
information and/or included
irrelevant information.
Explain how you will bring the element of place into your
design for each event. 20 %
Unacceptable
Did not complete the
assignment or did not explain
how you will bring the element
of place into your design for
each event; omitted key
information and/or included
irrelevant information.
Needs Improvement
Explained partially how you
will bring the element of place
into your design for each
event; omitted some key
information.
Competent
Explained sufficiently how you
will bring the element of place
into your design for each
event.
Exemplary
Explained fully how you will
bring the element of place
into your design for each
event.
Clarity. 10 %
Unacceptable
Did not complete the
assignment or explanations
are unclear and not
organized. (Major issues.)
Needs Improvement
Explanations generally
unclear and not well
organized. (Many issues.)
Competent
Explanations generally clear
and/or organized. (Minor
issues.)
Exemplary
Explanations very clear and
well organized. (Added
helpful details.)
Writing – Grammar, sentence structure, paragraph structure,
spelling, punctuation, and SWS usage. 10 %
Unacceptable
Did not complete the
assignment or had 8 or more
different errors in grammar,
sentence structure, paragraph
structure, spelling,
punctuation, or SWS usage.
Needs Improvement
Had 6–7 different errors in
grammar, sentence structure,
paragraph structure, spelling,
punctuation, or SWS usage.
Competent
Had 4–5 different errors in
grammar, sentence structure,
paragraph structure, spelling,
punctuation, or SWS usage.
Exemplary
Had 0–3 different errors in
grammar, sentence structure,
paragraph structure, spelling,
punctuation, or SWS usage.
