A cipher takes a message usually in plaintext and encodes it, or in other words makes the text
unrecognizable by anyone other the intended recipient. Once the message reaches the
intended recipient, they decode it, an operation which uncovers the plaintext from the
ciphertext.
Acharacter cipheris pretty much what it says, you take a character of any language
(English) and assign it a different letter. This type of cipher would be used to simply explain
what cipher is and how to encode and decode it.
