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The tax implications along the way would also be helpful to know. I do think that the tax
system does need to be revamped although I don't know what that would look like in the long
run for businesses The course titled ‘Federal Income Tax of Corporations and Partnerships’
has been extremely insightful and informative for me. By enrolling in the course, I have got
the opportunity to understand how tax rules and standards are applied in the context of
diverse types of entities such as partnerships, C Corporations, S Corporations, etc. The
concepts that have been covered in the course have helped me learn how different tax-
related consequences may arise while liquidating a business entity. Apart from focusing on
the taxation aspects while liquidating a business, it is essential to take into consideration the
best practices and ethical approaches of accounting so that an optimum economic solution
can be arrived at by a business owner.
Currently, in the United States of America, income tax is charged on individuals as well as
businesses. There exists a diverse range of taxes, such as estate tax, excise tax, etc. which
increase the complexity of the current tax system. In order to streamline the existing taxation
system in the nation, the value-added tax can be introduced. The value-added tax model can
be appropriately adopted to promote the economic growth of the nation (Acosta-Ormaechea
& Morozumi, 2021). It is used as a useful tax instrument in several nations, such as Canada,
Bahrain, etc. VAT is considered to be a simple and efficient way of generating revenue for
the national government so that a healthy economic landscape can be established (Bansal &
Alfardan, 2020). By introducing this new taxation model in the U.S.A, it will be possible to
keep a proper tab on diverse financial transactions and manage the money in an efficient
way which can help to optimally use funds that can facilitate national growth and
development. The strategic use of value-added tax can play an instrumental role in boosting
the economic growth of a nation and positively impact the quality of life of the citizens (Mjaku
2020).
As far as implementing the Fair Tax Act, I absolutely think that would benefit our economy
greatly. It would introduce a fair across the board tax. Some may argue that it caters to the
wealthy, but in my opinion it would not. It would allow workers to take home their full
paycheck instead of taxes taken out. Then it allows consumers to only be taxed on what they
consume. So, yes it would make everyday items to cost more, however in my opinion it
would level the playing field. The rich has to by goods just like the working class and middle
class. This would allow the rich to pay taxes instead of using all the tax loop holes they get to
use as it is now. Social Security and Medicare will have a more solid foundation with the Fair
Tax Act as well. Also, in this Act there is a progressive program called "prebate". Every legal
resident would get a refund at beginning of each month so all purchases up to Poverty Level
are Tax free. This would also allow benefits for legal residents no illegal residents that avoid
income taxes in the system now, but reap benefits. By implementing this program all cash
only residents still pay their part. The IRS would no longer be needed and would be done
away with. I believe that would be the best thing to ever happen. In my opinion the IRS is a
waste of Tax Dollars and America would save so much by not having them around and that
would allow for that money to be spent elsewhere. That is my take on the Fair Tax Act.
This course was intimidating from the start, which made me read as much as I could get my
mind wrapped around the different learning objectives. Has all the ready made me an expert,
absolutely not; maybe scratched the surface. Now at the end of the term, I am still
intimidated by tax preparation but found some understanding regarding the decisions to be
made when choosing which designation is a good fit for different situations. z This course has
also confirmed, for me, that taxation is an overwhelmingly complicated process. It will
continue to use my tax preparer for my filing.
Congress should always be considering an alternative approach to taxation because in the
event the scheduled outcome is not what was expected there is something in the wing to
push forward. z Having said that, “a value-added tax (VAT) taxes goods and services at every
stage of production and sale, the net economic burden is like that of a retail sales tax
(Sammartino, 2020).” z If the online articles are correct and the applied VAT would be instead
of income taxes, there would be some very good benefits. z But do these benefits out way the
struggles brought on the low-income families. I could be viewed as another ploy, by the
Federal Government, to make the rich richer and poor poorer.
Enacting a value-added tax or the Fair Tax Act can provide economic benefits, but at what
cost. “Because lower-income households spend a greater share of their income on
consumption than higher-income households do, the burden of a VAT is regressive when
measured as a share of current income. The burden, as a share of income, is highest for
low-income households and falls as household income rises (Sammartino, 2020).” z
This 9 week has certainly been an adjustment but this class has certainly helped me to have
a better understanding of tax. I enjoyed completing the milestone and completing the
research to gather information to present to the client. In my job we are required to explain
these tax topics in plan language so I really enjoyed that aspect of my job. It has helped me
become a better writer in my work.
Since I work with the US tax system I don't believe Congress should change the tax system,
at least not for Individual taxpayers. I think the corporate tax system should be overhauled to
ensure bigger companies like Amazon, Walmart, Nike pay more in federal income taxes.
They get a lot tax breaks that help avoid "double taxation."
I do not agree with the Value Added tax system it seems as if the only people that would end
up taking the burden is the consumers. As raw materials move down the supply chain I feel
as the if tax will be passed down to the buyer of the product, good, or service the price will
increase as the tax is passed along down the supply chain. This will result in higher prices
for the same good and services. Inflation is already higher than its ever been, the added
value tax will only harm consumers.
The Fair Tax act is certainly radical as it sounds, after 2027 the bill calls to abolish the IRS,
income, and payroll taxes all together. There would be one tax based the consumption or
use of goods and services. Which sounds reasonable, I guess. The state would be
responsible for collecting the taxes and submitting payments to the Treasury, but how would
one keep track of who pays what? What about people who barter and trade for goods and
services? How would they be taxed. This Fair Tax Bill opens the door to so many questions.
Congress will have to find answers to these and a lot more as the we live in country is
always changing the way we do business . Currently with inflation everything is increasing
including sales taxes because sales taxes are proportionate to the the subtotal of the receipt.
So as prices increase taxes will increase as well. What would be better for taxpayers is that
we will receive our gross pay, and I would appreciate that money back in pocket.
The topic on tax always seems to be the most difficult for me. I feel like there is endless
information that needs to be known and followed when discussing tax. Therefore, at the
moment and in the module sections is was good to be able to dive into the meanings behind
tax and why they are done the way they are. I love that there are endless resources to use
when the tax topic is brought up. Using the resources is what and how I got through this
course and the previous tax course I had to take. I have friends who reach out to me now
asking for tax advise and i inform them I am the last person so give any type of tax advise I
would recommend going to see a tax professional.
I feel like the tax protocol changes all the time therefore, I do believe congress should
consider other approaches. I feel like if they do this and keep up with the times and the
technology it is important. I am sure that the Fair Tax Act and those alike benefit a certain tax
group and will always do so. I believe that taxes should be based on the income being
brought to the table. "[The Fair Tax Act] would allow the nation’s wealthiest families to
accumulate even greater intergenerational wealth, thereby widening the nation’s already
sizable wealth gap" (Ross 2023 p2). I believe this statement right here and the "plan"
congress has on making this a thing is very unfair to the people that work day in and day out
to provide for their families. If everyone was expected to pay the same percentage from their
yearly salary then it would be more "fair" to everyone. Rather than making the "wealthy
wealthier." This "plan" only seems to benefit the wealthy that is already wealthy, so no, there
is no benefits for everyone.
A good explanation and introduction from my federal taxation of individuals class were the
words from Benjamin Franklin: “Nothing is certain except death and taxes”. The two
inevitable things in life that we are not able to avoid. Not even leaving the country, talking
about the taxes, because our tax law is based on territory. According to the IRS, “If you are
a U.S. citizen or resident alien, the rules for filing income, estate, and gift tax returns and
paying estimated tax are generally the same whether you are in the United States or abroad.
You are subject to tax on worldwide income from all sources and must report all taxable
income and pay taxes according to the Internal Revenue Code”. z Anyways, I have learned a
lot from this class about the other side of the coin, the federal income tax of corporations and
partnerships. Also, this class taught me the “pros and cons” choosing each entity. While
picking one from another, each one was unique according to the business or personal goals.
Now, the Fair Tax Act is planning to replace the mass income tax with a class income tax and
a federal value-added tax. z This plan is trying to find a balance but even though it is targeting
poverty, it is my opinion that there will always be a sector trying to get the advantage of the
system. After the pandemic, getting the task force has been difficult for some companies
because many people realized that “teleworking” and passive income were ways to manage
their own lives instead of being ruled by a “schedule” or work for somebody else. As with
any other project, it has “ups and downs” or taking out and bringing new concerns to the
table. When many people believe that our tax regulations are favored by some and not
others, poverty is not going to be eradicated by facilitating monthly checks or providing
advanced tax refunds. It has to be more educational and work on the problem with the
resources we have on our hands. z
VAT, or value added tax, would provide a benefit to the US in the form of increased tax
revenue. however, the management of the revenue would be an ongoing concern. if the
revenue was used for specific programs, such as the full funding or expansion of programs
for education (primary and college) or funding healthcare or other social security programs, I
could get behind that. no one in this country should have to be concerned with their next
meal, high medical expenses, food, or a roof over their heads (regardless of their past
transgressions). however, I think for this to happen, laws would need to be written to make it
so the funds are used correctly and not for other interests.
However, there is a concern about those who are already struggling to provide basic
necessities and the implementation of a VAT. as a VAT is a tax universally applied, it would
be applicable to those who struggle. without raising taxes on the wealthy, this could
potentially create further wealth inequalities (Investopiedia team, 2022). this could be viewed
as a regressive tax so if it's implemented in the US, a tax on those who are very wealthy
should also be implemented in tandem. The current tax system works well for the current
economy. However, with different economies or future economies, the current tax system
may not always be the best. I personally find value-added tax to be helpful in some cases,
such as raising children. I do not feel quite as comfortable with the Fair Tax Act yet. The Fair
Tax Act of 2015 is a “tax reform proposal that imposes a national sales tax on the use or
consumption in the United States of taxable property or services in lieu of the current income
and corporate income tax…” (114th Congress, H.R.25 – FairTax Act of 2015). In my opinion,
this may discourage spending, and overall put more burden on lower income families’
lifestyle. Furthermore, discouraging spending may harm the overall economy. This creates a
vicious cycle of low spending, unstable economy, and deficit tax revenues. However, I do
think that there are certain amendments to the Fair Tax Act of 2015 that may make it work
better.
Although I have a strong background in business taxation compared to some, I did learn a lot
in this class. Liquidations were something that I always wanted to learn more about. I deal
with them sometimes but on a smaller scale. z I was happy that we dealt a lot with basis and
liquidations. I think this will be valuable for me in the future and in my career. For me, I am
so used to dealing with taxation on a daily basis it is hard for me to even consider an
alternative approach. Tax law is just tax law, and I just follow it to the best of my abilities.
Certainly, there are older tax laws that could use updating and simplifying in my opinion. z
The Fair Tax Act proposal "would eliminate income, payroll, estate and gift taxes, to be
replaced with a 23% national sales tax" (CNBC, n.d.). I don't know how this would be
beneficial to all income earning classes. z From what I have read it seems like something like
this would hurt the middle class the most and the highest earners would get the most breaks.
I don't know how a total overhaul of the current taxation system would work to be honest. I
don't know that we have the resources to even take something like that on. It would be a
huge learning curve on every level down to the people who manufacture goods or the
cashiers that check people out at stores.
This class has greatly expanded my knowledge in taxation. I want to point out a few of the
biggest takeaways I have from the class, and outline why each aspect is so important. First,
Anderson et al. (2023) explains that there are several ways one can set up a business. The
simplest options, such as a sole proprietorship or partnership, offer simple tax situations but
limited bells and whistles. There is no limited liability protection and owners cannot be
separate employees. On the other hand, corporations are about as complicated as it can get.
They are a separate business entity from owners, which offers liability protection and
flexibility for owners to also be employees. However, they also lead to double taxation, which
can often mean more taxes. Furthermore, gift tax rules are incredibly interesting. Erskine
(2022) explains that gifting money to someone can lead to tax consequences. However,
there are exemptions to these taxes. Annually, people can give $17,000 worth of assets to
individuals without the individual having a tax consequence. On top of that, people have a
lifetime exemption of $12.92 million. That means that if they go over that annual limit, they
can begin to draw on this. All of this is very important for high-net-worth individuals with
heirs. Gift taxes can be as high as 40%, so you really need to watch these exemptions
closely and see if more needs to be done.
There are always new ideas coming about to overhaul the way taxes are collected in this
country. Gale and Pomerleau (2023) explain that the fair tax act proposes to replace almost
all federal taxes with a 23% retail sales tax. This, and things like value-added tax, could
completely overhaul the current system. My opinion? I do not see a lot of economic benefit
here. I think that we have been using the system we have had for a while. I think that a tax
added to goods when purchased seems like it could be a good idea. However, the richest
people save the lion’s share of their income, and they will largely avoid tax this way. I believe
that instead of an overhaul, they should focus on filling gaps and loopholes.
References:
Anderson, K., Hulse, D., and Rupert, T.,. Prentice Hall’s Federal Taxation 2023 Corporations,
Partnerships, Estates & Trusts. 2023.
Erskine, M. (2022). Forbes. IRS Announces Estate and Gift Tax Exemption Amounts For
2023. Retrieved from: https://www.forbes.com/sites/matthewerskine/2022/11/04/irs-
announces-estate-and-gift-tax-exemption-amounts-for-2023/?sh=5532c05c2817
Gale, W. & Pomerleau, K. (2023). Proposed FairTax rate would add trillions to deficits over
10 years. Retrieved: https://www.brookings.edu/2023/03/01/proposed-fairtax-rate-would-add-
trillions-to-deficits-over-10-years/
Katedore. (2023, January 27). The fair tax act, explained: What to know about the
Republican plan for a national sales tax, decentralized IRS. CNBC. Retrieved April 6, 2023,
from https://www.cnbc.com/2023/01/27/the-fair-tax-act-explained-what-to-know-about-the-
republican-plan-.html
Congress. (n.d.). H.R.25 - 114th congress (2015-2016): FairTax Act of 2015. Congress.gov.
Retrieved April 4, 2023, from https://www.congress.gov/bill/114th-congress/house-bill/25
Team, T. I. (2023, April 1). Value-added tax (VAT). Investopedia. Retrieved April 2, 2023,
from https://www.investopedia.com/terms/v/valueaddedtax.asp
U.S. Citizens and Resident Aliens Abroad | Internal Revenue Service (irs.gov)
International Taxpayers | Internal Revenue Service (irs.gov)
Anderson, K., Hulse, D., Rupert, T. Pearson’s Federal Taxation 2023 Corporations,
Partnerships, Estates, and Trust. Pearson 2023
Pratt, K. (2022). Learning to Live Without Form 1040. Tax Lawyer, 75(2), 411–442.
Ross, J. (2021, November 17). The 'fair tax' act would radically restructure the nation's tax
system in favor of the wealthy. Center for American Progress. Retrieved April 6, 2023, from
https://www.americanprogress.org/article/the-fair-tax-act-would-radically-restructure-the-
nations-tax-system-in-favor-of-the-wealthy/
FairTax Act of 2023 (n.d.). bill.
Orem, T. (2023, February 3). Value-Added Tax (VAT): What It Is & Who Pays. Retrieved April
4, 2023, from https://www.nerdwallet.com/article/taxes/vat-value-added-tax
Kurtzleben, Danielle (January 2013) Commentary: Why the U.S. Should Adopt a Value-
Added Tax. z Retrieved from: www.usnews.com
H.R. 25 (2023-2024) Fair Tax Act of 2023; 118th Congress. Retrieved from:
https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-
bill/25?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22%5C%22H.R.+25%5C%22%22%5D%7D&s=4&
r=1
Sammartino, Frank (May 2020) The Tax Policy Center Briefing Book: How Could We
Improve Our Federal Tax system? Retrieved from: www.taxpolicycenter.org
Acosta-Ormaechea, S., & Morozumi, A. (2021). The value-added tax and growth: Design
matters. International Tax and Public Finance, 28, 1211-1241.
Bansal, A., & Alfardan, A. A. (2020). Role of value added tax in the economic development of
Kingdom of Bahrain. Journal of Critical Reviews, 7(3), 17-24.
Mjaku, G. (2020) “Value added tax as an important factor of tax revenues in the Republic of
Kosovo,” International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications (IJSRP), 10(8), pp.
919–921. Available at: https://doi.org/10.29322/ijsrp.10.08.2020.p104114. Fairtax.org (2023).
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