COLUMNb 1
COLUMNb 2
COLUMNb 3
COLUMNb 4
COLUMNb 5
1.b Sevenb
perspectivesb ofb
psychology
2.b Overviewb ofb
perspective
3.b Howb doesb theb perspectiveb
relateb tob nature?
4.b Howb doesb theb
perspectiveb relateb tob
nurture?
5.b Inb yourb opinion,b isb natureb orb nurtureb moreb
significantb forb thisb perspective,b andb why?b
Useb theb behaviorsb listedb belowb tob supportb
yourb answer.
Neuroscience
Howb theb bodyb andb
brainb enableb
emotions,b
memories,b andb
sensoryb
experiences
Brainb andb bodyb developmentb
isb influencedb byb biologicalb
factors,b suchb asb geneticb
expressionb (Honeycutt,b
2019).
Brainb andb bodyb
developmentb isb
influencedb byb responsesb
tob changesb inb ourb
environmentb
(Honeycutt,b 2019).
Behaviorsb tob consider:b Neuroplasticityb orb
drugb addiction
Fromb theb Neuroscienceb perspective,b nurtureb isb
moreb significant.b Nurtureb whichb encompassesb
exposureb tob externalb variablesb likeb violence,b
drugsb orb anyb unpredictableb stressorsb playb anb
instrumentalb roleb tob influenceb theb brainb
developmentb inb humansb (Gableb &b Hunting,b
2000).b Environmentalb influencesb suchb asb
childhoodb socio-economicb statusb canb impactb
theb paceb ofb brainb developmentb inb individualsb
(Tooleyb etb al.,b 2021).b
Evolutionary
Howb theb naturalb
selectionb ofb traitsb
hasb promotedb theb
survivalb ofb genes
Web areb bornb withb instinctsb
thatb promoteb ourb survivalb
andb theb propagationb ofb ourb
speciesb (Honeycutt,b 2019).
Ourb abilityb tob surviveb
dependsb onb ourb abilityb
tob adaptb tob theb changingb
demandsb ofb lifeb
(Honeycutt,b 2019).
Behaviorsb tob consider:b Aggressionb orb
compassion
Fromb theb evolutionaryb perspectiveb nurtureb isb
moreb significant.b Itb basicallyb relatesb tob theb
influenceb ofb externalb factorsb afterb theb conceptionb
processb suchb asb experience,b learningb process,b
etc.b Theb exposureb tob externalb factorsb likeb
poverty,b orb socialb injusticeb canb leadb tob
aggressiveb behaviorb inb individuals.b Evolutionb
involvesb adaptingb tob ab widerb frameworkb inb
whichb theb environmentalb variablesb areb includedb
(Young,b 2016).b
Behaviorb
Genetics
Howb ourb genesb
andb ourb
environmentb
influenceb ourb
individualb
differences
Geneticb predispositionb andb
innateb knowledgeb helpb tob
shapeb ourb attitudesb andb
choicesb (Honeycutt,b 2019).
Ourb livedb experienceb
influencesb theb codingb
andb expressionb ofb ourb
genesb (Levitt,b 2013).
Behaviorsb tob consider:b Introversionb orb
extraversion
Fromb theb behaviorb geneticsb perspectiveb ofb
psychology,b nurtureb isb moreb significant.b Theb
opportunityb tob interactb inb theb socialb settingb canb
helpb ab personb tob workb onb extroversionb skills.b
Environmentalb factorsb likeb socialb roles,b lifeb
situations,b etc.,b serveb asb theb primaryb sourceb ofb
behaviorb andb personalityb changeb inb individualsb
inb theb longb runb (Kandlerb etb al.,b 2015).b
Psychodynamic
Howb behaviorb
springsb fromb
unconsciousb
drivesb andb
conflicts
Self-perceptionb isb naturallyb
embeddedb withinb ourb
subconsciousb mindb (Lipton,b
2001).
Ourb awarenessb ofb “self”b
isb shapedb byb ourb livedb
experienceb (Lipton,b
2001).
Behaviorsb tob consider:b Self-awarenessb orb
socialb awareness
Fromb theb psychodynamicb perspectiveb nurtureb isb
moreb significant.b Theb externalb variablesb thatb
existb playb ab keyb roleb tob affectb theb day-to-dayb
livesb ofb individuals.b Forb instance,b highb socialb
awarenessb canb helpb inb buildingb relationshipsb
withb othersb inb society.b Theb upbringingb ofb ab
personb canb impactb howb heb reactsb tob conflictingb
socialb situations.b
Behavioral
Howb web learnb
observableb
responses
Theb choicesb thatb web makeb
areb instinctual,b notb learnedb
(Garvey,b 2005).
Theb choicesb thatb web
makeb areb ab productb ofb
whatb web learnb throughb
ourb exposureb tob roleb
modelsb (Garvey,b 2005).
Behaviorsb tob consider:b Avoidingb orb defeatingb
conflictb resolutionb styles
Nurtureb isb moreb significantb fromb theb behavioralb
perspectiveb ofb psychology.b Theb interactionb withb
otherb membersb ofb societyb influencesb one’sb
behaviorb andb responseb tob situations.b Forb instance,b
inb theb workplace,b oneb isb notb expectedb tob actb
unprofessionally.b Theb learnedb behaviorb canb
impactb howb oneb interactsb withb othersb inb theb
workplaceb (Zaky,b 2015).b So,b whenb ab meetingb
mayb beb approaching,b ab personb mayb decideb tob
avoidb conflictsb insteadb ofb dealingb withb them.b
b b
Cognitive
Howb web encode,b
process,b store,b
andb retrieveb
information
Web areb bornb withb innateb
knowledgeb thatb influencesb
ourb attitudes,b beliefs,b andb
valuesb (Honeycutt,b 2019).
Theb knowledgeb thatb web
acquireb throughb
everydayb lifeb experienceb
influencesb ourb attitudes,b
beliefs,b andb valuesb
(Lewkowicz,b 2011).
Behaviorsb tob consider:b Languageb acquisitionb orb
generalb intelligence
Fromb theb cognitiveb perspectiveb ofb psychology,b
natureb isb moreb significant.b Theb innateb capabilityb
ofb theb brainb ofb anb individualb impactb hisb orb herb
abilityb tob processb information.b Ab commonb
exampleb isb theb acquisitionb ofb language.b Itb isb
impactedb byb howb theb informationb processorsb
withinb theb brainb functionb andb helpb tob learnb newb
languages.b
Social-Cultural
Howb behaviorb andb
thinkingb varyb
acrossb situationsb
andb cultures
Ourb socialb behaviorb isb
hardwired,b theb resultb ofb
geneticb predispositionb
(Kitayamab &b Salvador,b
2017).
Ourb socialb behaviorb isb
influencedb byb theb
attitudes,b beliefs,b andb
valuesb thatb web acquireb
withinb ourb cultureb
(Kitayamab &b Salvador,b
2017).
Behaviorsb tob consider:b Devianceb orb
obedience
Fromb theb socio-culturalb perspectiveb ofb
psychology,b nurtureb isb moreb important.b Itb
involvesb theb impactb ofb externalb orb macrob
factors.b Childrenb mayb obeyb orb actb rebelliousb
basedb onb theb teachingsb inb theb familyb andb schoolb
setting.b Theb culturalb backgroundb mayb influenceb
whetherb individualsb deviateb fromb generalb
socialb normsb orb obeyb theb preexistingb rules.b Theb
experiences,b andb influencesb inb theb socialb
settingb haveb ab majorb impactb onb one’sb socialb
behaviorb (Imperiob etb al.,b 2020).b b
References
Gable,b S.,b &b Hunting,b M.b (2000).b Nature,b nurtureb andb earlyb brainb development.b Missouri:b Universityb ofb Missouri-Columbia.
Imperio,b A.,b Staarman,b J.b K.,b &b Basso,b D.b (2020).b Relevanceb ofb theb socio-culturalb perspectiveb inb theb discussionb aboutb criticalb thinking.
Kandler,b C.,b Bleidorn,b W.,b &b Wright,b J.b D.b (2015).b Personalityb differencesb andb development:b geneticb andb environmentalb contributions.
Tooley,b U.b A.,b Bassett,b D.b S.,b &b Mackey,b A.b P.b (2021).b Environmentalb influencesb onb theb paceb ofb brainb development.b Natureb Reviewsb
Neuroscience,b 22(6),b 372-384.
Young,b G.b (2016).b Natureb andb nurture:b evolutionb andb complexities.b Inb Unifyingb causalityb andb psychologyb (pp.b 275-302).b Springer,b
Cham.
Zaky,b E.b A.b (2015).b Nature,b nurture,b andb humanb behavior;b anb endlessb debate.b Journalb ofb Childb andb Adolescentb Behavior.
