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Part I: Identify the Articles
1. What is the title of the
article you have chosen
from the Final Project
Articles document?
Article Title:
Napping during breaks on night shift: critical care nurse
managers' perceptions
2. What is the full APA
style citation of the
article you identified
from the references list
of your final project
article?
Edwards, M. P., McMillan, D. E., & Fallis, W. M. (2013).
Napping during breaks on night shift: Critical care nurse
managers’ perceptions. Dynamics (Pembroke, Ont.), 24(4), 30–
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Part II: Purpose, Research Question, and Hypothesis
1. What is the purpose of
the study?
The purpose of the study is to explore the perception of the
critical care unit managers about the experiences relating to
the napping practices of nursing staff on the night shift,
including the perceptions relating to the barriers as well as
benefits of napping and not napping in personal safety and
health of nurses and patient safety (Edwards, McMillan &
Fallis, 2013).
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2. What is/are the research
question(s)?
What is the perception of the critical care unit managers about
the napping practices of the nursing staff on the night shift?
What are the factors for the sleepiness among the nursing staff
members? Are the napping practices beneficial or a barrier for
the personal safety and health of the nurses as well as patient
safety?
3. What is/are the
hypothesis(es) of the
study?
The hypothesis of the study are highlighted below:
• The napping practices of nursing staff on night shifts
are an effective strategy to enhance performance and
reduce fatigue.
• The napping practices of nursing staff on night shifts
can have negative impacts on the performance of the
nurses and affect patient safety.
The hypotheses have been framed in order to determine
whether the critical care unit managers perceive the napping
practices of nursing staff on night shifts as a barrier or benefit
for patient safety in the healthcare setting (Edwards, McMillan
& Fallis, 2013).
4. What is/are the
explanatory variable(s)?
Napping practices is the explanatory variable.
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5. What is/are the response
variable(s)?
Perception of the critical care unit managers is the response
variable.
Part III: Research Methods
1. What population are the
researchers interested in?
The population in the study that the researchers are interested
in includes the managers of a Canadian critical care unit, who
were also the members of the Canadian Association of Critical
Care Nurses.
2. What is the sample?
How did the researchers
select their sample?
The sample is the forty-seven managers in the Canadian
critical care unit. The researchers selected the sample using a
non-probability sampling method. Convenience sampling
technique was used for the selection of samples as the
participants were selected on the basis of availability and
willingness to be a part of the study. The managers of the
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Canadian critical care unit who were interested in the study
were taken as the samples for the research work (Edwards,
McMillan & Fallis, 2013).
3. How did the researchers
collect their data?
The researchers collected the data for the study by designing a
survey. A web-based survey was used to collect the desired
data. A link of the survey was sent to the managers of the
Canadian critical care unit through an email. The survey
consisted of 28 questions relating to the napping practices of
nursing staff on the night shift. The questions were divided
into different sections, and the managers had to provide their
feedback about the stated questions.
4. What statistical analysis
did the researchers use?
Quantitative data analysis techniques such as inferential and
descriptive analysis were used in order to analyze the data
collected through the web-based survey. Data analysis also
included the calculation if percentage and frequencies of the
demographic data, Friedman rank test for making the
comparison of the perceptions of the managers, and content
analysis for analyzing the responses of the managers given to
the open-ended questions.
Part IV: Results or Key Findings
1. What was/were the
The finding of the study provided valuable insights about the
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result(s) of the research
question(s)?
conflicts as well as complexities relating to the perception of
the managers about napping practices of nurses on the night
shift and safety and health issues of patients. While a number
of managers strongly supported the napping practices, others
were against it. Some of the critical care unit managers were
able to identify the benefits of napping on night shifts, others
viewed as a drawback for patient safety. The results of the
research can help in the development of napping guidelines
and strategies (Edwards, McMillan & Fallis, 2013)
2. What were the
differences in the groups
that were being studied?
The two groups being studies are the managers of the critical
care units and the nurses on night shifts. The main difference
between the two groups is that the managers are responsible
for framing the policies and overseeing the work of the nurses
while the nurses are the ones who deliver the care services to
the patients in the critical care units.
3. Did the result support
the researchers’
hypothesis or not?
Yes, the hypotheses of the researchers were supported. It has
been found out that the napping practices of the nurses on the
night shift have positive as well as a negative impact on the
health and safety of the patients.
4. List (with support) any
other results that you
found interesting.
A result that interested me is that fatigue can result in the
threat to the patients as well as the nurses. Certain managers
identified that lack of proper sleep could result in medication
errors as well as accidents (Edwards, McMillan & Fallis,
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2013).
Part V: Limitations
1. What did the researchers
state as the limitations
of their study?
The limitations of the study identified by the researchers are:
• The use of web-based survey for collecting data from
the managers of the critical care unit.
• Lack of comprehensive perspective of managers.
• Difference in view of managers.
2. Why are these
limitations?
The use of a web-based survey is a limitation because some
managers may face technical challenges while providing their
feedback, thereby affecting accuracy. The lack of
comprehensive perception is another challenge because
although a large pool of managers was selected, it does not
reflect the perception of all the managers in 400 critical care
units in Canada. Thirdly, the views of the managers who are
not a member of CACCN may be different.
3. Please list a question
you have about the
study that was not
addressed in this article.
What are the existing napping policies for nurses on night
shift in the healthcare organizations?
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References
Edwards, M. P., McMillan, D. E., & Fallis, W. M. (2013). Napping during breaks on night
shift: critical care nurse managers' perceptions. Dynamics (Pembroke, Ont.), 24(4), 30.
