Acute bronchitis
Concept and Etiology: Acute bronchitis also known as a “chest cold” is the inflammation of the
bronchi which are in both lungs (CDC, 2021). It is often caused by an upper respiratory viral
infection such as the adenovirus, rhinovirus, influenza, and respiratory syncytial virus (Story, 2017).
Less frequent causes may include bacterial infections and chemical or physical inhalants such as
dust, allergens, strong fumes, smoke pollution, and tobacco smoke. Acute bronchitis deviates from
the definition of health because it causes the airways of the lungs (bronchi) to swell and narrow
producing mucus in the lungs (CDC, 2021). This results in a consistent “chesty” cough.
Classification: Acute bronchitis’ classification speaks for itself. As an acute disorder, its duration
period is typically less than three (3) weeks (CDC, 2021). However, the cough can linger for several
weeks in some persons after the infection has cleared.
Clinical Manifestations: Signs of acute bronchitis may include productive or non-productive cough,
wheezing, low grade fever, dyspnoea and abnormal lung sounds upon physical examination.
Symptoms include chest discomfort, fatigue, mild headaches, body aches and pharyngitis.
Diagnostic Tests: Diagnostic tests that may be performed to illuminate acute bronchitis include
chest X-rays of the lungs and nasal discharge and sputum cultures on a cotton swab to determine
the microorganism causing the infection. A pulse oximeter reading to measure the blood oxygen
may also be done. Additionally, pulmonary function tests and arterial gas test may be ordered by
the physician based on specific symptoms noted.
3-2 Discussion: Respiratory Disorders
CYSTIC FIBROSIS
Concept Etiology: c How does the disease affect the respiratory system in particular?
The abnormal electrolyte transport system in CF causes the cells in the respiratory system,
especially the lungs to absorb too much sodium and water. It causes the thin secretions in the lungs
to become very thick and hard to move. Theses thick secretions increase the risk for frequent
respiratory infections.
How does it deviate from the definition of health discussion in module one?
This disorder really does not deviate with health because it can be involved with the born of a child
before adulthood so the body is already malfunctioning. So, keeping up the health body determine
extra measures that will keep both balanced.
Classification: How is the disease classified?
The traditional classification of CF mutations based on their cellular phenotype. Class I protein
synthesis defect and Class II maturation defect; Class III gating defect Class IV conductance defect,
Class V reduced quantity and Class VI reduced stability.
Clinical Manifestations: (Symptoms and Signs)
(Symptoms)Thick mucus that clogs certain organs, such as lungs, pancreas, and intestines. This may
cause malnutrition, poor growth, frequent respiratory infections and breathing problems and
chronic lung disease. (Sign) Diarrhea that does not go away, foul-smelling stools, skin that tastes like
salt, persistent cough, and poor growth despite having a good appetite.
Diagnostic Test: Chest X-rays, Ultrasound and CT scans, blood test, Lung function test and Sputum
cultures and stool test also, newborn screening and a sweat chloride test
John Hopkins (n.d). Cystic Fibrosis. Health https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-
diseases/cystic-fibrosis
Durbin, D.G., (2016). From CFTR Biology toward Combinational Pharmacotherapy: Expand
Classification of Cystic Fibrosis Mutations. Molecular Biology of the Cell. 27(3) 424-433
https://doi.101091/mbc.E14-04-0935
Centre for Disease Control (CDC). (July 1, 2021). Chest Cold (Acute bronchitis).
https://www.cdc.gov/antibiotic-use/bronchitis.html
John Hopkins Medicine. (n.d). Acute Bronchitis.
https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/acute-bronchitis
Story, L. (2017). Pathophysiology: A Practical Approach, (3rd ed).
https://bookshelf.vitalsource.com/books/9781284142983
