LIBERTY UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF DIVINITY
Word of Hashem
Assignment
Submitted to Dr. Michael Vlach
in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the completion of
THEO 525 B11
Systematic Theology I
by
Gaspar Cortez
October 1, 2023
Contents
Contents ........................................................................................................................................ ii
Curriculum Project ........................................................................................................................ 1
Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 1
Divine Revelation .......................................................................................................................... 2
Hebrew ............................................................................................................................... 2
Greek ................................................................................................................................... 3
The Scriptures ..................................................................................................................... 3
Technical Breakdown .......................................................................................................... 4
Personal Discipleship .................................................................................................................... 7
Conclusion ..................................................................................................................................... 8
Bibliography .................................................................................................................................. 9
ii
1
Curriculum Project
This is a one-day course instruction on the Word of Hashem focusing on His Divine
Revelation in the context of Discipleship. It will go over key truths and words that define what
His Divine Revelation was, is, and will be. The target audience is for believers in the faith with a
mature age 18 and up. The question that will be answered in this course is:
What is Divine Revelation and how does it connect to Discipleship?
Introduction
As believers, we children of Hashem take His revelation for granted. And the one part of
it all is that it happens to be something we continue to disregard as a whole (majority of
people). Let me explain. Since the beginning of time, as we have recorded in the Scriptures, man
has rebelled against an amazing, infinite, eternal, and incomprehensible Creator.1 Adam and Eve
did not listen to His Word. Cain did not listen to His Word. Solomon did not listen to His Word.
Jeroboam, Nadab, Baasha, Elah, Zimri, Omri, Ahab, Ahaziah, and the Pharisees did not listen;
they all were evil or disobeyed the Word of Hashem and bore the consequences of their sin.2
Sin is not just an issue one can see at the level of the obvious, it runs deeper than that.
The people of the kingdoms have always received a human king or a leader that they, the
people as a majority, reflect. They have always wanted a word or leader that would tickle their
ears.
Upon the end of the reign of the judges, Israel wanted a king just as the nations had (1 Sam. 8:4-
1 Matthew Barrett, “Scripture as Divine Revelation,” The Gospel Coalition, n.d., accessed Sep. 30, 2023,
https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/essay/scripture-divine-revelation/.
2 Sin can be defined in many ways through the Scriptures, but the easiest way to do so in today’s modern
reading of Scripture is to use 1 John 3:4, “Everyone who keeps sinning is violating Torah — indeed, sin is violation
of Torah” (CJB). In the ESV, “Everyone who makes a practice of sinning also practices lawlessness; sin is
lawlessness.”
2
5). And what did they get? They got a man who’s first introduction to the reader, is a man who
looked great but was chasing after donkey’s. If you think about the analogy here, it is quite
interesting. The people wanted a king, but they got a donkey of a man. We do the same today
with leaders around the world. As countries (majority of people) grow further from Hashem and
His Word, the further Hashem pulls His hands and Word from the people. There is nothing new
under the sun (Ecc. 1:9).
Why do I bring this up? Because this is an excellent example of how man strays from the
true Word of Hashem, His divine revelation to man. For this course I want to dig into just what
His Word is. Can we come to an understanding of what His divine revelation is? And finally, what
do we as disciples do with it? With that, let us dig into what His divine revelation is.
Divine Revelation
Hebrew
The first thing that usually needs to be done before moving into the deeper levels of
study is defining the main words. To begin, in the Hebrew Jewish mindset, a revelation is an act
of the hidden, unknown Hashem that shows or reveals Himself to humanity. This idea was
expressed in different ways. First in the verb הֶלJ ֶֶּ גJ (gaw-law') which is to “uncover” or “reveal.”
It is expressed less in the disclosing of a secret or mystery than in that of the manifestation of
Hashem, unknowable to man on his own.3 Some examples are walking in the garden with Adam
and Eve, then at the Ark with Noah, with Abraham at the Oaks of Mamre, the prophets in their
3 Mitchell G. Bard, “Revelation,” Jewishvirtuallibrary.org, n.d., accessed Sep 30, 2023,
https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/revelation.
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individual ways, wrestling with Jacob, and Moses in the bush, the mountain top, and the pillar
of smoke by day and pillar of fire by night.
Greek
And in the Greek, the term revelation (ἀποκάλυψις [ap-ok-al'-oop-sis)]), is defined as an
uncovering, unveiling, revealing, or revelation according to Strong’s concordance. In Thayer’s
Greek Lexicon, it is defined as properly a laying bare, making naked, a disclosure of truth,
instruction, concerning divine things, given to the soul by Hashem Himself, or by Messiah,
especially through the operation of the Holy Spirit.4 This is similar to what is seen in the first
verse of the book of Revelation, chapter one and verse one, “This is the revelation which God
gave to Yeshua the Messiah”…
The Scriptures
According to the book of Matthew, chapter 15, the P’rushim (Pharisees) and the
Torahteachers (Scribes) from Jerusalem went to Yeshua to ask Him about eating with dirty
hands.5 They asked Yeshua why the talmidim (disciples) broke the traditions of the elders. And
Yeshua in Rabbinical fashion, answers with a question of His own, “Why do you break the
command of Hashem by your tradition?” (15:3).6 He then goes on to admonish them by stating,
“…by your tradition you make null and void the word of Hashem” (15:6). The book of Mark
records the same conversation. The point is that Yeshua Himself ties the commands and
statutes found in the Torah to being Hashem’s Words or divine revelation.
4 Bible Hub, “602. Apokalupsis,” Biblehub.com, n.d., accessed Sep. 30, 2023,
https://biblehub.com/greek/602.htm.
5 All Scripture references and words are from the Complete Jewish Bible unless otherwise noted.
6 The Christian Standard Bible renders the verse as: “Why do you break God’s commandment because of
your tradition?”
4
Technical Breakdown
Divine revelation can be broken down into two basic classifications. The first is general
revelation. Thich is Hashem’s communication of Himself to all people at all times and in all
places. And second, special revelation, which is Hashem’s specific communications and
manifestations of Himself to people at particular times which are available now as I have
mentioned through reading the Scriptures.7 Augustus Strong in his book Systematic Theology
breaks it down in the same fashion. He states that the New Testament alone designates these
events in a two-fold way, viewing them either subjectively, as producing effects upon men, or
objectively, as revealing the power and wisdom of God.8
According to Erickson, there are three traditional points of general revelation: nature,
history, and the foundation (constitution) of the human being.9 The first, nature, bears witness
that there is a Creator in the heavens. Logic and science state that something cannot come from
no-thing. From the minute details in nature in all of creation to the largest of details we may
find, it is obvious there is an architect who designed it all from a common group of elements
that the majority of us consist of. Without even knowing what scientists believe they also say
the same thing. Ask any scientist and they will say we all come from star dust or the same
elements of the stars. But, if you have read and studied the first few verses of the Scriptures,
you knew this already.
And history, what about history? Now as believers, we can see these things happening.
7 Millard J. Erickson, Systematic Theology, 3rd ed. (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2013), 122. Also, I
do believe that people still hear His small voice to this day. In the Arab world, many people are coming to Hashem
through visions and dreams (any quick search on the internet shows story after story of this happening).
8 Augustus Hopkins Strong, Systematic Theology (Philadelphia, PA: American Baptist Publication Society,
1907), 117.
9 Erickson, 123.
5
We can read the Scriptures and understand this. But what about the unbeliever? Can they see
this? The answer is obviously, yes. We can look at historical records found around the globe and
see that they all match up with the Scriptures. Look to the ancient Chinese language and how it
came to be. Much of the book of Genesis is depicted in the Chinese characters.10 We can see the
flood narrative in over 200 cultures around the world.11 What about my favorite, the day the
earth stood still? Well, it didn’t really stand still or maybe it did, but in the book of Joshua, there
is a day known as “Joshuas long day.” It is recorded in Chinese accounts, many North American
Indian accounts and in the Central and South Americas native accounts. What is funny, is it was
also possibly found in multiple computers from the late 1970s and 80s findings of a missing day
that would oddly enough date to the time frame of Joshua.12
And finally, the foundation or constitution of man. This means that inside of us we have
this moral gauge if you will. Shaul tell us we have this law, this Torah written on our hearts (Rom.
2:11-16) without even having ever read or heard it. Many studies show that human kind from
an early age knows the difference between right and wrong.13 It is something we are inherently
born with. We make moral judgments based on how our heart, mind, and soul react to
something we see or experience.
Scripturally speaking, this morality is written on our hearts, minds, and souls because we
come from the One who both created us and wrote the manual of how we should act. Why not
10 C.H. Kang and Ethel Nelson, The Discovery of Genesis : How the Truths of Genesis Were Found
Hidden in the Chinese Language (St. Louis, MI.: Concordia Publishing House, 1979). Also, Kui Shin Voo and Larry
Hovee, “The Lamb of God Hidden in The Ancient Chinese Characters,” Journal of Creation 13, no 1 (Apr 1999): 81-
91.
11 Mark Isaak, “Flood Stories from Around the World,” Online, last revised Sep. 2, 2002, accessed Oct. 1,
2023, http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/flood-myths.html.
12 Association of Biblical Astronomy, “Joshua’s Long Day,” geocentricity.com, n.d., accessed Oct. 1, 2023,
https://www.geocentricity.com/astronomy_of_bible/jld/index.html.
13 Audun Dahl and Melanie Killen, “A Developmental Perspective on the Origins of Morality in Infancy and
Early Childhood,” Frontiers in Psychology 9, no. 1736 ( Sep 20, 2018), accessed online Oct 1, 2023,
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6159747/.
6
fuse the two upon creation. It only makes sense that the Creator would insert His ways and
thoughts into who we are since we have been created in His image (Gen 1:27). It’s like an artist
and a signature or style that is fundamentally inserted into the masterpiece before finishing.
What about the unbeliever? Erickson states this very well in his section on General
Revelation and Human Responsibility. The internal law or morality given to the unbelievers
performs much in the same way and function as the Torah and instructions in the Scriptures do
for the believer. From the revelation in nature according to Romans chapter one, people ought
to conclude that a powerful, eternal, creator, or unmoved mover (Aristotle) or the first cause
(Aquinas) exists. And internally, we should understand that we are not living up to the standard
set by this creator. Human nature’s inner compulsion leads us to think there is something higher
than ourselves. And all of us, no matter what our backgrounds are, should come to the
conclusion that we are guilty in relationship to Hashem.14
Let us now move onto His special revelation. In the Tanakh, this revelation
communicated through a variety of ways to include theophanies, dreams, visions, angels,
miracles, and even face to face communication. Yet as important as each of these ways were,
Hashem determined that His permanent witness should eventually come through the written
words in the what we would come to know as the Scriptures. They are a volume of 66 books
without one contradiction and they read better than yesterday’s newspapers. This is the Spirit’s
enduring, ever-present gift to us, His people, and one in which the Spirit brings us into union
with the Father and His Son Messiah Yeshua; it is this form that Hashem intends His people to
possess and live by for faith and practice.15
Until the day comes where the whole of the Scriptures is written on our hearts (Jer.
14 Erickson, 137.
15 Barrett, The Gospel Coalition.
7
31:31-33), it is this form that we must have to remind us of what we as believers are to do. The
Scriptures explain to us our sin, guilt and depravity (Ro. 7:7). And showed us how to atone,
redeem, and reconcile our relationship with Hashem.16 If we are to be in right relationship with
Him and receive His wedding invitation, we must put on the clothes He has supplied for us (Mt.
22:1-14).
Personal Discipleship
So now that we know what divine revelation is, what do we do with it? As mentioned, it
is in the form of the Scriptures He has given us a manual, a blueprint, a clothing to cover
ourselves with in His ways. Hashem’s plan for us to become one with Him (Jn. 17:21-24) is the
ultimate goal. He wants us to share this plan and His eternal love as His children and adopted
children.17 We have been commanded from the beginning to be a light unto the nations (Isa.
42:6; Mt. 5:14-16). Yeshua reiterated these commands given to the prophets, that we should go
out into the nations and preach the Gospel so that we can bring them into the light (Mt. 28:18-
20; Jn
8:12).
Spreading this word will not be easy, sometimes painstaking. But, the Father through
Yeshua promises to give anyone who will follow Him and His divine revelation, abundant life
(Jn. 10:10), but He makes it clear from the beginning that to follow Him is difficult and costly. He
has called us to travel on the road less traveled.18
16 Erickson, 145.
17 Keith L. Johnson, Theology as Discipleship (Downers Grove, IL: Intervarsity Press, 2015), 45.
18 Greg Ogden, Discipleship Essentials (Downers Grove, IL.: Intervarsity Press, 2007), 27.
8
Conclusion
In conclusion, we have seen what divine revelation is and how it breaks down. We also
know that it is this Word in which we were commanded to follow so that we can bring others to
Him. Hashem, who is great and fearsome (Dan. 9:4) has taken the initiative to make His purpose
known whether it was by revealing Himself face to face or by giving His Word to man in
different ways to include fire (Ex. 3:2), thunder (Rev. 14:2), a whisper (1 Kg.19:12), and even a
donkey (Num. 22).19 Either way, this self-disclosure is so that we may see and know Him, and
this is what we would know as His divine revelation.2021
Bibliography
Association of Biblical Astronomy. “Joshua’s Long Day.” Geocentricity.com. N.D. Accessed Oct. 1,
2023. Https://www.geocentricity.com/astronomy_of_bible/jld/index.html.
19 Timothy Ward, Words of Life: Scripture as the Living and Active Word of God (Downers Grove, ILL.:IVP
Academic, 2009), 21).
20 Brevard S. Childs, Old Testament Theology in a Canonical Context (Philadelphia, PA: Fortress Press,
21 ), 43-44. In Luke Wisley, “Doctrine of Revelation and the Hebrew Bible,” Secundumscripturas.com, Oct. 20, 2012,
accessed Sep. 30, 2023, https://secundumscripturas.com/2012/10/20/doctrine-of-revelation-and-the-
hebrewbible/.
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Bard, Mitchell G. “Revelation,” Jewishvirtuallibrary.org, N.D. Accessed Sep 30, 2023.
Https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/revelation.
Barrett, Matthew. “Scripture as Divine Revelation.” The Gospel Coalition. N.D. Accessed Sep. 30,
2023. Https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/essay/scripture-divine-revelation/.
Childs, Brevard S. Old Testament Theology in a Canonical Context. Philadelphia, PA: Fortress
Press, 1989.
Dahl, Audun and Melanie Killen. “A Developmental Perspective on the Origins of Morality in
Infancy and Early Childhood.” Frontiers in Psychology 9, no. 1736 ( Sep 20, 2018).
Accessed online Oct 1, 2023. Https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6159747/.
Erickson, Millard J. Systematic Theology, 3rd ed. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2013.
Strong, Augustus Hopkins. Systematic Theology. Philadelphia, PA: American Baptist Publication
Society, 1907.
Isaak, Mark. “Flood Stories from Around the World.” Online. Last revised Sep. 2, 2002. Accessed
Oct. 1, 2023. Http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/flood-myths.html.
Johnson, Keith L. Theology as Discipleship. Downers Grove, IL: Intervarsity Press, 2015.
Kang, C.H. and Ethel Nelson. The Discovery of Genesis: How the Truths of Genesis Were
Found Hidden in the Chinese Language. St. Louis, MI.: Concordia Publishing House, 1979.
Voo, Kui Shin and Larry Hovee. “The Lamb of God Hidden in The Ancient Chinese Characters.”
Journal of Creation 13, no 1 (Apr 1999): 81-91.
Ogden, Greg. Discipleship Essentials. Downers Grove, IL: Intervarsity Press, 2007.
Ward, Timothy. Words of Life: Scripture as the Living and Active Word of God. Downers Grove,
IL: Intervarsity Press, 2009.
Wisley, Luke. “Doctrine of Revelation and the Hebrew Bible.” Secundumscripturas.com. Oct. 20,
2012. Accessed Sep. 30, 2023. Https://secundumscripturas.com/2012/10/20/doctrineof-
revelation-and-the-hebrew-bible/.