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I received my master's degree in Industrial Organization Psychology from
a non-Christian university. During that time, I became interested in
positive psychology and the psychological constructs of hope, flourishing,
and thriving. Until beginning my doctoral program at Liberty University, all
research was done in a secular manner. Though the science and empirical
data suggested conclusions, my thoughts and ideas did not seem
complete as I continued my studies. The data lacked an understanding
that was integral to my Biblical worldview. The seeming inability to
integrate Christianity with psychology made the research appear lacking
and unfinished. I am not even sure that I fully understood what was
missing. In(Psychology and Christianity: Five Views, Johnson (2010) states,
"For the Christian, the science of psychology and the art of counseling are
fundamentally religious enterprises, as is all of life" (p. 311). Even as a
Christian, faith had been absent from psychology's theory, research, and
practice.
Upon beginning studies at Liberty, I realized that integrating Christianity
and psychology was not only possible, but vital to my education and
future in the psychological sciences. Psychological theories and research
existed for centuries before modern psychology. During the previous eras,
early psychology, theology, and philosophy were all concerned, to varying
degrees, with healing and understanding the soul (Johnson, 2010).
Webster's 1828(American Dictionary of the English Languagedefines
psychology as "A discourse or treatise on the human soul; or the doctrine
of the nature and properties of the soul" (2022, Psychology). Today, soul
care is primarily relegated to the Church. Sisemore (2011) suggests
broadening the definition of Christianity and psychology to discover "how
to relate the insights of various fields seeking to understand the "soul" in
the sense of the nature of persons, health, illness, and treatment" (p.
271).
Charry (2011) also refers to both psychology and theology as "disciplines
that speak of the soul" (p. 284). However, any discussion of the soul or the
human condition should begin with theology. "Christianity carries a set of
psychological commitments that ground all attempts to think about the
soul, or the self as moderns have translated psyche" (Charry, 2011, p.
284). Octavio (2014) states that a biblical narrative allows the most
pressing questions of integrating faith and learning to be answered.
Psychology should begin with a Christian worldview and assumptions to
form theories and models using a wide variety of data that includes, but is
not limited to, empirical data (Sisemore, 2011). Psychology and
Christianity both desire to help people flourish and should be able to work
together for the same end purpose.
Positive psychology fosters connections between psychology and
Christianity. Christianity supplies a worldview that allows the findings of
positive psychology to reach beyond the framework of self-interest to the
good of all persons. Positive psychology needs the Church to identify blind
spots and strengths. Additionally, theology is blessed by positive
psychology's insights into the well-being of persons. The dialog between
science and faith must be affirmed to build a bridge between the Church
and psychology, especially for the next generation (Charry & Kosits, 2017;
McMinn, 2017).(
Continually, the subject of virtues helps to bridge the gap between the
disciplines. The scientific study of virtues began with ancient philosophy
and religion to find the virtues common to man. A shared interest in
classic Christian virtues like forgiveness, gratitude, hope, love, and
compassion helps link psychology and Christianity (McMinn, 2017;
Sisemore & Blackburn, 2015). Hill (2005) states, "Religion is far more
familiar with the study of virtue than psychology" (p. 108). Studying
virtues through the integration of psychology and theology will deepen
understanding and help people.
Finally, Hill (2005) writes about methods to accomplish the integration of
psychology and theology. One of the main points of Hill's (2005) research
is that "a Christian understanding adds overall explanatory power to the
phenomenon under investigation" (p. 101). As the explanatory power of
the Bible increases, it will gain greater authority as a source of knowledge
(Hill, 2005). Faith and psychology integrationist, Entwistle, claims "that
integration should dictate one's orientation to the world with the purpose
of pursuing "godly ends" (Hoover-Kinsinger, 2018, p. 320). Integrating
psychology and Christianity allows psychological work to exist as a
religious enterprise. Additionally, the authority of the Bible as a source of
knowledge expands beyond people of faith. No grander mission
establishes the framework for all future endeavors as a psychologist.
(
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References
American Dictionary of the English Language.(2022). Websters Dictionary
1828. Retrieved from
https://webstersdictionary1828.com/Dictionary/psychology
Charry, E. T. (2011). Positive theology: An exploration in theological
psychology and positive psychology.(Journal of Psychology &
Christianity,30(4), 284–293.
Charry, E. T., and Kosits, R. D. (2017). Christian theology and positive
psychology: An exchange of gifts. The Journal of Positive Psychology,
12(5), 468-479. DOI: ( 10.1080/17439760.2016.1228010 ( (Links to an
external site.)
Hill, P. C. (2005). Living on the boundary: Scriptural authority and
psychology.(Journal of Psychology and Theology,33(2), 98-112.
Hoover-Kinsinger, S. (2018). Hoping Against Hope: An Integration of the
Hope Theology of Jürgen Moltmann and C. R. Snyder's Psychology of
Hope.(Journal of Psychology and Christianity,37(4), 313-322.
Johnson, E. L. (Ed.). (2010).(Psychology and Christianity, five
views.Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press.
McMinn, M. R. (2017).(The science of virtue: Why positive psychology
matters to the church. Retrieved from https://ebookcentral-proquest-
com.ezproxy.liberty.edu/lib/liberty/detail.action?docID=5248824.
Octavio J. E., (2014). Biblical worldview: The Christian higher education
foundation for learning.(Christian Higher Education,13(2),(91-100.
DOI:(10.1080/15363759.2014.872495 ( (Links to an external site.)
Sisemore, T. A. (2011). An Introduction to the Christian Psychology Special
Issue. Journal of Psychology and Christianity, 30(4), 271-273.
Sisemore, T. A., & Blackburn, A. M. (2015). Religious Faith and the Virtues:
An Introduction to the Special Issue.(Journal of Psychology and
Theology,43(2), 83-85.
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