Question 1
0.5/ 0.5pts
Two different definitions of___________offered by your book include (a) “the mental representation of
a class or individual,” and (b) “categories of objects, events, and abstract ideas.”
prototypes
exemplars
units
concepts
Question 2
0.5/ 0.5pts
Not all of the members of everyday categories have the same features. Most fish have gills, fins, and
scales. Sharks lack the feature of scales, yet they are still categorized as fish. This poses a problem for
the___________approach to categorization.
exemplar
family resemblance
prototype
definitional
Question 3
0.5/ 0.5pts
The principle illustrated when most people are able to recognize a variety of examples of chairs even
though no one category member may have all of the characteristic properties of “chairs” (e.g., most chairs
have four legs but not all do) is
graded membership.
prototypicality.
instance theory.
family resemblance.
Question 4
0.5/ 0.5pts
___________is a “typical” member of a category.
A prototype
A component
A unit
An exemplar
Question 5
0.5/ 0.5pts
The prototype approach to categorization states that a standard representation of a category is based on
a defined set of category members.
the definition of the category.
a universal set of category members.
category members that have been encountered in the past.
Question 6
0.5/ 0.5pts
Items high on prototypicality have___________family resemblances.
no
moderate
weak
strong
Question 7
0.5/ 0.5pts
According to the typicality effect
items that are high in prototypicality are judged more rapidly as being in a
group.
we remember typical objects better than nontypical objects.
objects that are not typical stand out and so are more easily remembered.
objects in a category have a family resemblance to one another.
Question 8
0.5/ 0.5pts
An advantage of the exemplar approach over the prototype approach is that the exemplar approach
provides a better explanation of the___________effect.
resemblance
reaction time
typicality
priming
Question 9
0.5/ 0.5pts
Research suggests that the___________approach to categorization works best for small categories (e.g.,
U.S. presidents).
definitional
prototype
exemplar
semantic network
Question 10
0.5/ 0.5pts
According to Rosch, the___________level of categories reflects people's everyday experience.
basic
prototypical
subordinate
exemplary
Question 11
0.5/ 0.5pts
In the semantic network model, a specific category or concept is represented at a
input unit.
node.
link.
output unit.
Question 12
0.5/ 0.5pts
The___________model includes associations between concepts and the property of spreading activation.
parallel distributed processing
connectionist network
semantic network
neural network
Question 13
0.5/ 0.5pts
The semantic network model predicts that the time it takes for a person to retrieve information about a
concept should be determined by
the amount of information contained in each concept.
the representativeness of the information contained in each concept.
the typicality of the information contained in each concept.
the distance that must be traveled through the network.
IncorrectQuestion 14
0/ 0.5pts
Collins and Quillian explained the results of priming experiments by introducing the concept
of___________into their network model.
typicality
cognitive economy
back propagation
spreading activation
IncorrectQuestion 15
0/ 0.5pts
Collins and Quillian's semantic network model predicts that the reaction time to verify "a canary is a bird"
is___________the reaction time to verify "an ostrich is a bird."
interfered with by
slower than
faster than
the same as
Question 16
0.5/ 0.5pts
In a lexical decision task, participants have to decide whether
a stimulus is presented.
a statement is true.
a presented stimulus is a word.
two stimuli are associated.
Question 17
0.5/ 0.5pts
Which of the following is NOT one of the types of units found within a parallel distributed processing
model?
Input units
Hidden units
Working units
Output units
Question 18
0.5/ 0.5pts
One of the key properties of the___________approach is that a specific concept is represented by
activity that is distributed over many units in the network.
spreading activation
hierarchical
semantic network
connectionist
Question 19
0.5/ 0.5pts
According to the sensory-functional hypothesis, our ability to differentiate living things and artifacts
depends on a semantic memory system that distinguishes _____ and one that distinguishes_____.
sensations; facts
serial nodes; familiar concepts
sequential networks; familial resemblance
sensory attributes; function
Question 20
0.5/ 0.5pts
According to the___________approach, there are certain types of concepts that have specific neural
circuits in the brain.
sensory-functional
multiple-factor
neuronal limitation
semantic category
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