Question 1
0.5/ 0.5pts
Coherence refers to the
C !
representation of the text in a reader’s mind so that information in one part
of the text is related to information in another part of the text.
principle that we process information in isolation before we link it to its
context.
mental process by which readers create information during reading that is
not explicitly stated in the text.
mental process whereby ambiguity is resolved online during sentence
reading.
Question 2
0.5/ 0.5pts
Ron is an avid reader. He has a large vocabulary because every time he comes across a word he doesn’t
know, he looks it up in the dictionary. Ron encounters “wanderlust” in a novel, reaches for the dictionary,
and finds out this word means “desire to travel.” The process of looking up unfamiliar words increases
Ron’s
mental set.
syntactical capacity.
C !
lexicon.
parser.
Question 3
0.5/ 0.5pts
Dictionaries commonly list the multiple definitions of a particular word in a numbered list, with the first
definition as #1, the next definition as #2, and so on. Which concept does this reflect?
Object-relative construction
Positional inference
Lexical priming
C !
Meaning dominance
Question 4
0.5/ 0.5pts
Lexical ambiguity studies show that people access ambiguous words based on
the identification of a single meaning for that word.
C !
the meaning dominance of each definition of the word.
a bottom-up progression of meaning comprehension.
the word that comes immediately before and the word that comes
immediately after the ambiguous word in the sentence.
Question 5
0.5/ 0.5pts
One of Chomsky’s most persuasive arguments for refuting Skinner’s theory of language acquisition was
his observation that children
are rewarded for using correct language.
show similar language development across cultures.
learn to follow complex language rules, even though they are not aware of
doing so.
C !
produce sentences they have never heard.
Question 6
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Language consists of smaller components, like words, that can be combined to form larger ones, like
phrases, to create sentences, which themselves can be components of a larger story. This demonstrates
the,____________________,property of language.
propositional
C !
hierarchical
parallel
relational
Question 7
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Most of the coherence in text is created by
phoneme restoration.
C !
inference.
parsing.
syntax.
Question 8
0.5/ 0.5pts
Syntax is the
mental grouping of words in a sentence into phrases.
way people pronounce words in conversational speech.
C !
rules for combining words into sentences.
meanings of words.
Question 9
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When two people engage in a conversation, if one person produces a specific grammatical construction in
his or her speech and then the other person does the same, this phenomenon is referred to as
anaphoric inferencing.
C !
syntactic priming.
garden pathing.
phonemic restoration.
Question 10
0.5/ 0.5pts
Which property below is NOT one of the characteristics that makes human language unique?
It involves arrangement of a sequence of symbols
Governed by rules
Hierarchical structure
C !
Communication
Question 11
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In the context of language, another term for “heuristics” is ________.
turns
phrases
Y Answered
meanings
Correct Answer
rules
Question 12
0.5/ 0.5pts
Evidence that language is a social process that must be learned comes from the fact that when deaf
children find themselves in an environment where there are no people who speak or use sign language,
they
lose the ability to communicate in any way.
C !
invent a sign language themselves.
start speaking out loud even though they cannot hear themselves.
demonstrate compensatory regeneration of lost auditory neural pathways.
Question 13
0/ 0.5pts
According to the concept of ________, when we read a sentence like, “Jorge grabbed his coat from his
bedroom and his backpack from the living room, walked downstairs, and called his friend Gerry,” we
create a simulation of Jorge’s apartment and keep track of his location as he moves throughout the
apartment.
global connections
Y Answered
causal inference
Correct Answer
situation models
speech continuity
Question 14
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The concept of language can best be thought of as a ________.
C !
system
process
cognition
dialogue
Question 15
0.5/ 0.5pts
Which of the following terms best describes the concept of entrainment?
Isolation
Understanding
C !
Similarity
Cooperation
Question 16
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From the perspective of the listener, as a person speaks, each sentence often is characterized by ________
until the sentence is completed.
entrainment
tonics
C !
ambiguity
heuristics
Question 17
0.5/ 0.5pts
Consider the following sentences: “Captain Ahab wanted to kill the whale. He cursed at it.” These two
sentences taken together provide an example of a(n)
global connection.
garden path sequence.
instrument inference.
C !
anaphoric inference.
Question 18
0.5/ 0.5pts
Imagine you are interpreting a pair of sentences such as “The sidewalk was covered with ice” and
“Ramona fell down.” The kind of inference we use to link these sentences together would most likely be
a(n),____________________,inference.
C !
causal
coherent
anaphoric
instrument
Question 19
0.5/ 0.5pts
The word frequency effect refers to the fact that we respond more
quickly to phonemes that appear multiple times in a word than just once in a
word.
C !
slowly to low-frequency words than high-frequency words.
quickly to letters that appear multiple times in a word than just once in a
word.
slowly to letters appearing in nonwords than letters appearing in words.
Question 20
0.5/ 0.5pts
The crucial question in comparing garden path and constrain-based approaches to parsing
is,____________________,is involved.
C !
when semantics
when syntax
whether syntax
whether semantics
