PSYC 515 SPSS M7 1
CUMULATIVE SPSS WORKSHEET INSTRUCTIONS
OVERVIEW
This worksheet is designed to assess your ability to evaluate research designs, determine the most appropriate
research design, conduct statistical tests using SPSS software, and present research conslusions (including
appropriately formatted figures) using professional conventions. Such skills are fundamental to critically
consuming, evaluating and producing research.
INSTRUCTIONS
Be sure you have reviewed this module’s assigned readings and presentations before completing this
assignment. This assignment is worth 90 points. Each question is worth 5 content points except #12, which is
worth 6 pts. Nine (9) points are assigned to general formatting. This includes using ensuring the homework is
completed and submitted according to the instructions, SPSS output and images are legible and relevant, and
that basic college level writing skills (e.g., grammar, sentence structure) are used in the results write-ups.
Answers should be placed where indicated (e.g., “ANSWER”). Note: all questions must be attempted to be
eligible for full credit of “format” points.
You will use the M7 Cumulative SPSS Data file (an SPSS data file) to conduct most of the tests in this
assessment. It is located in the folder associated with this assignment.
Please note that for all problems in this course, the standard cut-off (alpha) for a test of significance will be
.05, and you always report the exact power unless SPSS output states p=.000 (you’d report p<.001).
Remember to check your graphs! You often have to ADD the y – axis title.
Submit the file as a WORD document (.doc or .docx). Make sure the filename of your submission includes
your full name, course and section.
o Example: SPSS7_JohnDoe_515B01
B inf on t M7 C SPSS D
Download the M7 Cumulative SPSS Data file associated with this worksheet. It has coded data that you will
use to design, conduct, and interpret to demonstrate mastery of research methods and. It is updated regularly,
so make sure you download the current file linked this specific term. Here is a description for each variable:
VARIABLE NAMES AND DESCRIPTIONS
GENDER
0 = male; 1 = female
EVENTS
number of stressful life events that had occurred in the last year
SATISFACTION
average Likert-based (1-5) response to survey assessing workplace satisfaction (higher
indicates higher satisfaction)
ERROR1
this number represents identification of OSHA hazards before completing the annual OSHA
training (higher # = identification of more errors)
ERROR2
this number represents identification of OSHA hazards after completing the annual OSHA
training (higher # = identification of more errors)
EMPLOYEE
employee type (1 = sales; 2 = warehouse; 3 = management)
SKILLS1
skills assessment taken within the first week on the job (higher = better skills)
SKILLS2
skills assessment completed after 6 months on the job (higher = better skills)
SKILLS3
skills assessment completed after 1 year of service (higher = better skills)
SALARY1
salary at time of hire
SALARY2
current salary
YEARS
number of years employed
PERSONALITY
Personality type (1 = Type “A” or 2 = Type “B”)
PSYC 515 SPSS M7 2
C Scena 1 (30 pts)
Using the dataset provided, determine two variables that would be appropriate to assess using a two-group
design to assess a “difference”. It can be between-subjects (BS) or within-subjects (WS) design. Use your
selections to answer the following questions.
1. Decide on the two variables. List them using the names exactly as named within the SPSS file. For
each, identify the variable type (independent or dependent). For the independent variable, indicate
whether it is BS or WS. For the dependent variable, indicate its scale of measurement (nominal,
ordinal, or scale).
ANSWER
2. State the null and research hypotheses based on the variables you selected, labeling one as the “null”
and one as “research”. Explain why you used a one- or two-tailed hypothesis, noting the grade on that
portion is solely based on the consistency of your justification with your choice of tail type.
ANSWER
3. Paste all relevant statistical output in the space provided below:
ANSWER
4. Use the degrees of freedom from your SPSS output or if necessary, hand-calculate them using the
formulas in your e-book. Using the Appendix in your e-book to find the critical value, and list it here
(do NOT round – include all decimal places). Also label and state your obtained value from your SPSS
output. Is the critical value SMALLER or LARGER than the obtained value from your SPSS output?
Does this mean you REJECT or FAIL TO REJECT the null hypothesis? Does this mean the results are
“significant” or “non-significant”?
ANSWER
5. Create an appropriate graph in SPSS and format it using professional conventions. Present it as Figure
1 in the space below. Make sure you include the figure label (Figure 1), and create a Figure Title – all
of this must be in proper format (including spacing and font style).
ANSWER
6. Present the results using APA format. This includes a full write-up to include a complete statistical
notation as shown in the weekly presentations. Make sure to describe what the conclusions mean in
general terms. You must include a call-out to Figure 1. Examples of APA results sections are also
available in the “Helpful Hints” document.
ANSWER
C Scena 2 (31 pts)
Using the dataset provided, select one variable that is within subjects (can be two or three levels) and one
that is scale that will serve as your dependent variable. You cannot use a scenario from a previous answer
(you can re-use one of the variables, but not both). Use your selections to answer the following questions.
7. Decide on the two variables. List them using the names exactly as named within the SPSS file. State
the null and research hypotheses based on the variables you selected, labeling one as the “null” and one
as “research”.
PSYC 515 SPSS M7 3
ANSWER
8. Paste all relevant statistical output in the space provided below:
ANSWER
9. Use the degrees of freedom from your SPSS output or if necessary, hand-calculate them using the
formulas in your e-book. Using the Appendix in your e-book to find the critical value, and list it here
(do NOT round – include all decimal places). Also label and state your obtained value from your SPSS
output. Is the critical value SMALLER or LARGER than the obtained value from your SPSS output?
Does this mean you REJECT or FAIL TO REJECT the null hypothesis? Does this mean the results are
“significant” or “non-significant”?
ANSWER
10. Create an appropriate graph in SPSS and format it using professional conventions. Present it as Figure
2 in the space below. Make sure you include the figure label (Figure 2), and create a Figure Title – all
of this must be in proper format (including spacing and font style).
ANSWER
11. Present the results using APA format. This includes a full write-up to include a complete statistical
notation as shown in the weekly presentations. Make sure to describe what the conclusions mean in
general terms. You must include a call-out to Figure 2. Examples of APA results sections are also
available in the “Helpful Hints” document.
ANSWER
12. Discuss one concern you could imagine regarding internal validity, and one concern regarding external
validity as they specifically relate to the scenario you created for this section. (HINT: You can look up
the definitions of “internal validity” and “external validity” in your ebook glossery as a reminder – but
then must apply those definitions to envision your own concerns related to them!) The points are solely
on whether the justifications are consistent with the definitions and are realistic given the general
nature of the scenario you selected (3 pts each = 6 pts total)
ANSWER
C Scena 3 (30 pts)
Using the dataset provided, select two variables you would like to examine regarding a “relationship”. Use
your selections to answer the following questions.
13. Decide on the two variables. List them using the names exactly as named within the SPSS file. Indicate
the scale of measurement for each variable (nominal, ordinal, or scale). State the null and research
hypotheses based on the variables you selected, labeling one as the “null” and one as “research”.
Explain why you used a one- or two-tailed hypothesis, noting the grade on that portion is solely based
on your justification.
ANSWER
14. Use the degrees of freedom from your SPSS output or if necessary, hand-calculate them using the
formulas in your e-book. Using the Appendix in your e-book to find the critical value, and list it here
(do NOT round – include all decimal places). Also label and state your obtained value from your SPSS
output. Is the critical value SMALLER or LARGER than the obtained value from your SPSS output?
PSYC 515 SPSS M7 4
Does this mean you REJECT or FAIL TO REJECT the null hypothesis? Does this mean the results are
“significant” or “non-significant”?
ANSWER
15. Paste all relevant statistical output in the space provided below:
ANSWER
16. Create an appropriate graph in SPSS and format it using professional conventions. Present it as Figure
3 in the space below. Make sure you include the figure label (Figure 3), and create a Figure Title – all
of this must be in proper format (including spacing and font style).
ANSWER
17. Present the results using APA format. This includes a full write-up to include a complete statistical
notation as shown in the weekly presentations. Make sure to describe what the conclusions mean in
general terms. You must include a call-out to Figure 3. Examples of APA results sections are also
available in the “Helpful Hints” document.
ANSWER
18. Describe one potentially confounding variable in this scenario. Why do you think it may confound
interpretations of the data?
ANSWER
DONE! S ass by 11:59 .m. (ET) Sunday Modul 7.
PSYC 515 SPSS M5 1
CHI-SQUARE SPSS WORKSHEET INSTRUCTIONS
OVERVIEW
This worksheet is designed to assess your ability to perform, interpret, report, and graphically present non-
parametric tests using SPSS. Non-parametric tests are used for nominal data and/or when data do not meet the
assumptions required of a parametric test. Knowledge of these tests provide fundamental skills to critically
evaluating and producing research in one’s field.
INSTRUCTIONS
Be sure you have reviewed this module’s assigned readings and presentations before completing this
assignment. This assignment is worth 50 points. Each question is worth 3 content points except where otherwise
indicated (results write-ups are 4 pts each- 45 content points total). Five (5) points are assigned to general
formatting. This includes using ensuring the homework is completed and submitted according to the
instructions, SPSS output and images are legible and relevant, and that basic college level writing skills (e.g.,
grammar) are used in the write-ups. Answers should be placed where indicated (e.g., “ANSWER”). Note: all
questions must be attempted to be eligible for full credit of “format” points.
Please note that for all problems in this course, the standard cut-off (alpha) for a test of significance will be
.05, and you always report the exact power unless SPSS output states p=.000 (you’d report p<.001).
Remember to check your graphs! You often have to ADD the y – axis title.
Submit the file as a WORD document (.doc or .docx). Make sure the filename of your submission includes
your full name, course and section.
o Example: SPSS5_JohnDoe_515B01
S 1
In the recent COVID-19 pandemic, a local precinct observed that of the 75 people who voted, 25 identified as
republican, 30 were democrat, and 20 were “other”. Is this similar to pre-pandemic voting based on political
party affiliations? At that same precinct, pre-pandemic voting based on political party affiliation was: 35%
republican, 44% democrats, and 21% “other”. Enter in the 75 data points and expected values into SPSS to
conduct the appropriate statistical test.
1. Name the the variable of interest in the scenario. How many levels does it have, and what are they?
ANSWER
2. Calculate the expected frequencies for each of the levels of your variable. Clearly label each group
and show all work involving your calculations.
ANSWER
3. Paste all relevant statistical output in the space provided below:
ANSWER
4. Present the results using APA format. This includes a full write-up to include a complete statistical
notation as shown in the weekly presentations. Make sure to describe what the conclusions mean in
general terms. Additional examples of APA results sections are also available in the “Helpful Hints”
document. (4 pts)
ANSWER
PSYC 515 SPSS M5 2
S 2
Is there a relationship between one’s gender and whether one owns a dog, cat, or reptile? Use the data
provided in the table below to answer the following questions.
Dog
Cat
Reptile
Row Totals
Male
20
17
11
48
Female
25
23
5
53
Column totals
45
40
16
101
5. Name the two variables of interest and the number of levels in each. Then, list the levels for each
variable.
ANSWER
6. Paste all relevant statistical output in the space provided below.
ANSWER
7. Calculate the effect size. Show the formula and your calculations in the space provided below:
ANSWER
8. Using the degrees of freedom provided by your SPSS output and an alpha value of .05, find the
critical value in the appropriate table in the Appendix of your Jackson e-book. Do not round – present
all three decimal places. Clearly identify the critical value from your e-book and the obtained value
from your SPSS output. Based on this information, would you reject or fail to reject the null
hypothesis? Does this mean there is a significant difference or no significant difference?
ANSWER
9. Present the results using APA format. This includes a full write-up to include a complete statistical
notation as shown in the weekly presentations. Make sure to describe what the conclusions mean in
general terms. Additional examples of APA results sections are also available in the “Helpful Hints”
document. (4 pts)
ANSWER
S 3
A student researcher was surprised to learn that the 2017 NCAA Student-Athlete Substance Use Survey
supported that college athletes make healthier decisions in many areas than their peers in the general student
body. He collected data of his own, focusing exclusively on male student-athletes to see if such habits vary
based on one’s sport. He asked 93 male student-athletes whether they had engaged in binge-drinking in the
last month (> 5 drinks in a single sitting). Data are provided in the table below.
Lacrosse
Hockey
Swimming
Row Totals
Yes – Binge
20
17
15
52
No – did not binge
16
15
10
41
Column totals
36
32
25
93
PSYC 515 SPSS M5 3
10. Name the two variables of interest. Identify all levels associated with each variable
ANSWER
11. Paste all relevant statistical output in the space provided below:
ANSWER
12. Calculate the effect size. Show the formula and your calculations in the space provided below:
ANSWER
13. Using the degrees of freedom provided by your SPSS output and an alpha value of .05, find the
critical value in the appropriate table in the Appendix of your Jackson e-book. Do not round – present
all three decimal places. Clearly identify the critical value from your e-book and the obtained value
from your SPSS output. Based on this information, would you reject or fail to reject the null
hypothesis? Does this mean there is a significant difference or no significant difference?
ANSWER
14. Present the results using APA format. This includes a full write-up to include a complete statistical
notation as shown in the weekly presentations. Make sure to describe what the conclusions mean in
general terms. Additional examples of APA results sections are also available in the “Helpful Hints”
document. (4 pts)
ANSWER
DONE! S ass by 11:59 .m. (ET) Sunday Modul 5.
PSYC 515 SPSS M5 1
CHI-SQUARE SPSS WORKSHEET INSTRUCTIONS
OVERVIEW
This worksheet is designed to assess your ability to perform, interpret, report, and graphically present non-
parametric tests using SPSS. Non-parametric tests are used for nominal data and/or when data do not meet the
assumptions required of a parametric test. Knowledge of these tests provide fundamental skills to critically
evaluating and producing research in one’s field.
INSTRUCTIONS
Be sure you have reviewed this module’s assigned readings and presentations before completing this
assignment. This assignment is worth 50 points. Each question is worth 3 content points except where otherwise
indicated (results write-ups are 4 pts each- 45 content points total). Five (5) points are assigned to general
formatting. This includes using ensuring the homework is completed and submitted according to the
instructions, SPSS output and images are legible and relevant, and that basic college level writing skills (e.g.,
grammar) are used in the write-ups. Answers should be placed where indicated (e.g., “ANSWER”). Note: all
questions must be attempted to be eligible for full credit of “format” points.
Please note that for all problems in this course, the standard cut-off (alpha) for a test of significance will be
.05, and you always report the exact power unless SPSS output states p=.000 (you’d report p<.001).
Remember to check your graphs! You often have to ADD the y – axis title.
Submit the file as a WORD document (.doc or .docx). Make sure the filename of your submission includes
your full name, course and section.
o Example: SPSS5_JohnDoe_515B01
S 1
In the recent COVID-19 pandemic, a local precinct observed that of the 75 people who voted, 25 identified as
republican, 30 were democrat, and 20 were “other”. Is this similar to pre-pandemic voting based on political
party affiliations? At that same precinct, pre-pandemic voting based on political party affiliation was: 35%
republican, 44% democrats, and 21% “other”. Enter in the 75 data points and expected values into SPSS to
conduct the appropriate statistical test.
1. Name the the variable of interest in the scenario. How many levels does it have, and what are they?
ANSWER
The variables of interest are Voting during COVID-19 and Pre-pandemic voting. The scenario has two level
of measurement, which include ordinal and interval levels of measurements. The ordinal level of
measurement depicts how people voted in the three categories while the interval level of measurement
compares the intervals between the lowest and highest preferred political party between the two periods.
2. Calculate the expected frequencies for each of the levels of your variable. Clearly label each group
and show all work involving your calculations.
ANSWER
Votes during
Pandemic
Voting Frequency
during Pandemic
(Calculated)
Voting Frequency Pre-pandemic
(Given)
Republican
25
25/75 = 33%
35%
Democrat
30
30/75 =40%
44%
Other
20
20/75= 27%
21%
Total
75
100%
100%
PSYC 515 SPSS M5 2
3. Paste all relevant statistical output in the space provided below:
ANSWER
Paired Samples Test
Paired Differences
t
df
Significance
Mean
Std.
Deviation
Std.
Error
Mean
95% Confidence
Interval of the
Difference
One-
Sided
p
Two-
Sided
p
Lower
Upper
Pair
1
Pandemic -
Prepandemic
.000
5.292
3.055
-13.145
13.145
.000
2
.500
1.000
Paired Samples Effect Sizes
Standardizera
Point
Estimate
95% Confidence
Interval
Lower
Upper
Pair 1
Pandemic -
Prepandemic
Cohen's d
5.292
.000
-1.132
1.132
Hedges'
correction
9.379
.000
-.638
.638
a. The denominator used in estimating the effect sizes.
Cohen's d uses the sample standard deviation of the mean difference.
Hedges' correction uses the sample standard deviation of the mean difference, plus a correction
factor.
4. Present the results using APA format. This includes a full write-up to include a complete statistical
notation as shown in the weekly presentations. Make sure to describe what the conclusions mean in
general terms. Additional examples of APA results sections are also available in the “Helpful Hints”
document. (4 pts)
ANSWER
The goal of this analysis was to determine whether people voted differently during the COVID-19 pandemic
than during the pre-pandemic period. Given the degrees of freedom from SPSS outpout, which is 2, and the α
value of 0.05, the critical value would be 1- 0.05/2 = 0.975 since it is a two-sided test. Therefore, the value
corresponding to the raw 2 and column 0.975 is 4.303, which is the critical value. Based on the critical value
of 4.303, we fail to reject the null hypothesis that the two means are different since the test statistics is less
than the critical value.
S 2
Is there a relationship between one’s gender and whether one owns a dog, cat, or reptile? Use the data
provided in the table below to answer the following questions.
Dog
Cat
Reptile
Row Totals
Male
20
17
11
48
Female
25
23
5
53
Column totals
45
40
16
101
PSYC 515 SPSS M5 3
5. Name the two variables of interest and the number of levels in each. Then, list the levels for each
variable.
ANSWER The variables of interest are gender and kind of pet. Gender uses the nominal level of
measurement, which groups the data as pets owned by either male or female. The level of measurement in the
kind of pet is ordinal because it provides a rank in terms of the number of dogs, cats, and reptiles owned by
male and female.
6. Paste all relevant statistical output in the space provided below.
ANSWER
Paired Samples Test
Paired Differences
t
df
Significance
Mean
Std.
Deviation
Std.
Error
Mean
95% Confidence
Interval of the
Difference
One-
Sided p
Two-
Sided p
Lower
Upper
Pair
1
Male -
Female
-
1.667
6.658
3.844
-18.207
14.874
-.434
2
.353
.707
Paired Samples Effect Sizes
Standardizera
Point
Estimate
95% Confidence
Interval
Lower
Upper
Pair
1
Male -
Female
Cohen's d
6.658
-.250
-1.377
.931
Hedges'
correction
11.802
-.141
-.777
.525
a. The denominator used in estimating the effect sizes.
Cohen's d uses the sample standard deviation of the mean difference.
Hedges' correction uses the sample standard deviation of the mean difference, plus
a correction factor.
7. Calculate the effect size. Show the formula and your calculations in the space provided below:
ANSWER
The effect size use here is the Cohen’s d effect size
PSYC 515 SPSS M5 4
Thus, d = (16-17.66667)/6.658 = -1.66667/6.658 = -0.2503
8. Using the degrees of freedom provided by your SPSS output and an alpha value of .05, find the
critical value in the appropriate table in the Appendix of your Jackson e-book. Do not round – present
all three decimal places. Clearly identify the critical value from your e-book and the obtained value
from your SPSS output. Based on this information, would you reject or fail to reject the null
hypothesis? Does this mean there is a significant difference or no significant difference?
ANSWER
Given the degrees of freedom of 2 from the SPSS outpout and the alpha value of 0.05, the critical value
would be calculated as 1- 0.05/2 = 0.975 since it is a two-sided test. The critical value is the value
corresponding to the raw 2 and column 0.975. Our critical value is therefore 4.303. The absolute value of the
test statistics from SPSS is 0.434. Since the Test statistics value less than the critical value, we fail to reject
the null hypothesis.
9. Present the results using APA format. This includes a full write-up to include a complete statistical
notation as shown in the weekly presentations. Make sure to describe what the conclusions mean in
general terms. Additional examples of APA results sections are also available in the “Helpful Hints”
document. (4 pts)
ANSWER
The aim of the analysis was to test whether the number and kind of pets vary based on gender. The null
hypothesis is that the mean of pets owned by males is different from the mean of pets owned by females .That
is, µm ≠µf. The results shows that om average, males own less of these pets with a mean difference of -
1.66667. This means that females are more likely to own more of these pets than males.
S 3
A student researcher was surprised to learn that the 2017 NCAA Student-Athlete Substance Use Survey
supported that college athletes make healthier decisions in many areas than their peers in the general student
body. He collected data of his own, focusing exclusively on male student-athletes to see if such habits vary
based on one’s sport. He asked 93 male student-athletes whether they had engaged in binge-drinking in the
last month (> 5 drinks in a single sitting). Data are provided in the table below.
Lacrosse
Hockey
Swimming
Row Totals
Yes – Binge
20
17
15
52
No – did not binge
16
15
10
41
Column totals
36
32
25
93
10. Name the two variables of interest. Identify all levels associated with each variable
ANSWER
The two variables of interest are Drinking Binge and Sport. Drinking Binge is an ordinal variable since the
answer can be presented in a numerical value. The Sport is a nominal level of measurement because it
categorizes the students into three groups.
11. Paste all relevant statistical output in the space provided below:
ANSWER
Group Statistics
Response
N
Mean
Std.
Deviation
Std. Error
Mean
PSYC 515 SPSS M5 5
Lacrosse
>= .05
2
18.0000
2.82843
2.00000
< .05
0a
.
.
.
Hockey
>= .05
2
16.0000
1.41421
1.00000
< .05
0a
.
.
.
Swimming
>= .05
2
12.5000
3.53553
2.50000
< .05
0a
.
.
.
Paired Samples Test
Paired Differences
t
df
Significance
Mean
Std.
Deviation
Std. Error
Mean
95% Confidence Interval of
the Difference
One-Sided
p
Two-Sided
p
Lower
Upper
Pair 1
Yes -
No
3.66667
1.52753
.88192
-.12792
7.46125
4.158
2
.027
.053
Paired Samples Effect Sizes
Standardizera
Point
Estimate
95% Confidence
Interval
Lower
Upper
Pair 1
Yes -
No
Cohen's d
1.52753
2.400
-.023
4.833
Hedges'
correction
2.70747
1.354
-.013
2.727
a. The denominator used in estimating the effect sizes.
Cohen's d uses the sample standard deviation of the mean difference.
Hedges' correction uses the sample standard deviation of the mean difference, plus a
correction factor.
12. Calculate the effect size. Show the formula and your calculations in the space provided below:
ANSWER
The effect size is the Cohen’s d effect
It is calculated as, d = (17.3333-13.6667)/1.52753 = 2.40
13. Using the degrees of freedom provided by your SPSS output and an alpha value of .05, find the
critical value in the appropriate table in the Appendix of your Jackson e-book. Do not round – present
all three decimal places. Clearly identify the critical value from your e-book and the obtained value
from your SPSS output. Based on this information, would you reject or fail to reject the null
hypothesis? Does this mean there is a significant difference or no significant difference?
ANSWER
PSYC 515 SPSS M5 6
The SPSS outpout gives degrees of freedom of 2. With the alpha value of 0.05, the critical value would be
calculated as 1- 0.05/2 = 0.975 since it is a two-sided test. The critical value is the value corresponding to the
raw 2 and column 0.975, which is 4.303. The absolute value of the test statistics from SPSS is 4.158. Since
the Test statistics value less than the critical value, we fail to reject the null hypothesis.
14. Present the results using APA format. This includes a full write-up to include a complete statistical
notation as shown in the weekly presentations. Make sure to describe what the conclusions mean in
general terms. Additional examples of APA results sections are also available in the “Helpful Hints”
document. (4 pts)
ANSWER
The results in this case evaluates whether the students drink bing based on the sports they play. The mean
value of those say yes to drinking binge is higher. Therefore, we reject the null hypothesis that the nature of
sport does not affect their drinking.
DONE! S ass by 11:59 .m. (ET) Sunday Modul 5.
