1. ______________________ occurs when the effects of a prior condition influence
subsequent treatment conditions.
CARRYOVER
2. A ____________________design exposes participants to all levels or conditions
of the independent variable.
WITHIN SUBJECTS
3. _______________________occur when participants improve performance due to
subsequent experiences on the same task.
PRACTICE EFFECTS
4.
Carefully review the research matrix presented below. If this is a within
subjects design, how many total participants will be used in the experiment?
No Caffeine 8 Ounces 24 Ounces
10 participants 10 participants 10 participants
10
5. A participant dropping out of a study or not returning to complete additional
parts to a study is known as __________.
ATTRITION
6. Participants experiencing the same order of presentation of the levels of the
independent variable can lead to __________.
ORDER EFFECTS
7. We discussed a study known as the Stroop effect. Stroop developed 3 types
of stimuli for his study. Each type of stimuli presented a different task that
participants had to complete. Stroop then measured the amount of time it
took the participants to complete each task. What is the dependent
variable in this study?
THE TIME TO COMPLETE THE TASK
8. Dr. Roberts with the Mayo Clinic conducted a study on individuals between
the ages of 70–89 and found differences in men and women. In this example,
gender of participant was the __________.
BETWEEN SUBJECTS VARIABLE
9. Conner is conducting a within subjects design with four levels to his
independent variable. Conner has ¼ of the participants complete each level
in ABCD order, a ¼ of participants in BCDA order, a ¼ of participants in CDAB
order, and a ¼ of participants in DABC order. What is Conner using to limit
order effects?
COUNTERBALANCING
10. April has 4 levels to her independent variable. She has participants in her
study complete part A, followed by B, C, and then D. When she analyzes her
data, she notices that level D is always different from the rest of the levels.
April is most likely encountering what effect?
ORDER EFFECT
11. During the late 1980s and the early 1990s the Pepsi Challenge
was in full swing. During the challenge, participants were asked to
taste cola from both Coke and Pepsi. Once they had tasted both
drinks, the participants were asked to report which was better tasting.
The results indicated that participants found Pepsi products to be
better tasting. This is an example of what type of research design?
WITHIN SUBJECTS DESIGN
12. Carefully review the research matrix presented below. If this is a within
subjects design, how many total participants will be used in the
experiment?
Rock Music Group Rap Music Group Hip-Hop Music Group
30 participants 30 participants 30 participants
30
13. Janiszewski and Uy (2008) conducted an experiment in which
they had 43 participants read 10 scenarios. All 43 participants each
read all 10 scenarios. In this study, the researchers wanted to
determine the impact of the scenario type on the anchoring and
adjusting of participants. Anchoring and adjustment occurs when
people use a starting point (anchor) as a basis to make judgments
about a given scenario (adjustment). This is an example of what type
of design?
WITHIN SUBJECT DESIGN
14. Betsy is conducting a study on school psychologists. She is
thinking of having school psychologists complete four experimental
conditions each lasting one hour. A colleague suggests to Betsy that
she modify the design so that different groups of school psychologists
are used and Betsy will not have to worry about __________.FATIGUE
15. Which disadvantage to within subjects designs involves a
participant dropping out of a study or not returning to complete
additional parts to a study? ATTRITION
16. You want to replicate Barlett et al.’s research on amount of blood
in a video game and measures of aggression. Your independent
variable has 4 levels: maximum blood, medium blood, low blood, and
no blood. You want to conduct a between subjects design. How many
total participants will you need if you want 10 participants in each level
of the IV? IT IS NOT 10
17. A within subject design will use _____________ participants than/as
a between subjects design. FEWER
18. We discussed a study known as the Stroop effect. Stroop
developed 3 types of stimuli for his study. Each type of stimuli
presented a different task that participants had to complete. Stroop
then measured the amount of time it took the participants to complete
each task. What is the independent variable in this study? THE STIMULI
IN THE STUDY
19. To combat order effects that may occur with a within subjects
design, many researchers will use _____________.COUNTERBALANCING
20. Recall the research conducted by Bartlett et al. (2005) on the
influence of action figures on male body image. If Barlett exposed
participants to the three conditions in the same manner and found that
scores on the third condition always decreased, he might be concerned
about _________. ORDER EFFECTS
21. Dr. Herrman recommends that his students take the practice GRE
before registering to take the real GRE. Dr. Herrman makes this
recommendation because he knows that __________ can increase
performance on subsequent experiences with the same tasks.
PRACTICE EFFECTS
22. Which of the following statements regarding a within subjects
design is correct?
IT IS NOT: PARTICIPANTS ARE EXPOSED TO ONLY ONE LEVEL OF THE
INDEPENDENT VARIABLE
23. Jason is interested in the topic of perception. He has participants
complete a task on a computer and measures reaction and number of
errors. Jason is thinking of repeating this task after the participants
have been exposed to the independent variable. Which of the
following reasons bests describes why Jason might not want to have
participants complete the task again?
PRACTICE EFFECTS
24. You want to replicate Barlett et al.’s research on action figures
and negative body image in young adult males. Your independent
variable has three levels: no action figures, highly muscular figures,
and moderately muscular figures. You want to conduct a between
subjects design. How many total participants will you need if you want
10 participants in each level of the IV? It is not 10 participants
25. While conducting her within subjects design, Geraldine notices
that participants are failing to fully complete the last level of the
independent variable. Specifically, subjects are leaving questions
blank and do not appear to be placing as much effort into the study as
they were in the first level of the independent variable. Geraldine is
seeing what disadvantage to using a within subjects design?
FATIGUE
