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ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
Annotated Bibliography
Alicia Conklin
School of Behavioral Sciences, Liberty University
Author Note
Alicia Conklin, aconklin7@liberty.edu
I have no conflicts of interests to disclose.
Correspondence concerning this paper should be addressed to Alicia Conklin 1971
University Blvd., Lynchburg, VA 24515. Email: Aconklin7@liberty.edu
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ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
Brown and Goodman attempt to explain the nature of childhood traumatic grief (CTG) as
it relates to the losses of September 11. They begin with a definition of traumatic grief and
research surrounding trauma and death. Brown and Goodman also discuss the methods of
measuring CTG. The goal of the study was to determine the level of trauma associated with
CTG, and displaying symptomology more akin to post-traumatic stress disorder.
Cohen and Mannarino begin this article with a detailed definition of grief, complicated
bereavement, and uncomplicated bereavement. They continue the article with an overview of
the post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms that tend to surface with CTG cases. The authors
then begin an overview of CTG ‘s essential features, including the child’s inability to think about
happier times involving the deceased family member. The last sections of the article surround
various treatment modalities for CTG including Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and Trauma-
Focused Therapy.
Cohen, J. A., & Mannarino, A. P. (2004). Treatment of childhood traumatic grief. Journal of
Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 33(4), 819–831.
https://doi.org/10.1207/s15374424jccp3304_17
Brown, E. J., & Goodman, R. F. (2005). Childhood traumatic grief: An exploration of the
construct in children bereaved on September 11. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent
Psychology, 34(2), 248–259. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15374424jccp3402_4
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ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
In this article, Cohen et al. begin by expressing the definition of uncomplicated grief,
mourning, and bereavement. They also take the time to explain the normal bereavement
process for each stage of childhood development. Next, they develop the concepts of adult
complicated grief, childhood PTSD and childhood traumatic grief. The article concludes with an
examination of the current treatment options available.
This book focuses on the treatment mechanisms available to therapists who want to
utilize Trauma-Focused Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT). The authors begin with a
definition of the impact trauma can have on children and their families. They then move on to
discussing assessment strategies, research supporting TF-CBT, and the role of the therapist. The
rest of the book details different steps that can be taken to utilize this method of therapy for a
client.
COHEN, J. A., MANNARINO, A. P., GREENBERG, T., PADLO, S., & SHIPLEY, C. (2002).
Childhood traumatic grief. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 3(4), 307–327.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838002237332
Cohen, J. A., Deblinger, E., & Mannarino, A. P. (2017). Treating trauma and traumatic grief in
children and adolescents. Proquest. The Guilford Press. Retrieved June 6, 2023, from
https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/liberty/detail.action?docID=4774206.
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ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
This article takes a different focus on childhood traumatic grief. The authors begin by
defining traumatic grief and its differences from uncomplicated grief. The difference though is
the authors focus on the development and treatment of traumatic grief that results from mass
trauma (i.e., School shootings, earthquakes, etc.). The article concludes with a discussion of
treatment interventions that encompass both the realm of trauma and grief.
Crenshaw begins his article by developing how grief manifests differently with each
child. He then expounds on the use of The Decision Grid and its two tracks, the Coping Tack and
the Invitational Track. Each Track has a distinct focus (psychoeducational or trauma-focused) to
help the child move forward in the grieving process. Crenshaw then lays the foundation for the
use of storytelling and descriptive drawing to help the child express and explore the emotions
surrounding their grief.
Crenshaw, D. A. (2005). Clinical tools to facilitate treatment of childhood traumatic grief.
OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying, 51(3), 239–255. https://doi.org/10.2190/12md-
epqx-47dy-kw0x
Dyregrov, A., Salloum, A., Kristensen, P., & Dyregrov, K. (2015). Grief and traumatic grief in
children in the context of mass trauma. Current Psychiatry Reports, 17(6).
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-015-0577-x
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ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
This article is an examination of the trauma and grief that has been experienced in the
covid-19 era of life. Children have been affected on the front of school changes, family dynamic
shifts, and even reduced social interactions with peers. This has caused PTSD symptomology for
some children as they attempt to reintegrate back into normal society. The authors attempt to
explore the different ways trauma, loss, and grief have changed their view of the world.
Edgar-Bailey & Kress define the differences between normal grief and traumatic grief for
children and adolescents. The article then explains how trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral
therapy has shown to be one of the most effective treatment modalities for traumatic grief. This
is because it is designed to help clients process both the trauma and emotions surrounding their
grief. Lastly, they describe the use of creative arts for help children process traumatic grief,
especially when they may lack the emotive ability to describe what they are experiencing.
Fitzgerald, D. A., Nunn, K., & Isaacs, D. (2021). What we have learnt about trauma, loss and
grief for children in response to COVID-19. Paediatric Respiratory Reviews, 39, 16–21.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prrv.2021.05.009
Edgar-Bailey, M., & Kress, V. (2010). Resolving child and adolescent traumatic grief: Creative
techniques and interventions. Journal of Creativity in Mental Health, 5(2), 158–176.
https://doi.org/10.1080/15401383.2010.485090
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ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
While not an article, this website is dedicated to the many different types of trauma
children can face. In particular, this page delves into the effects childhood traumatic grief can
have on a child. They also offer interventions and various resources that can be utilized by a
therapist treating a child facing this type of trauma.
The authors of this article set out to see if there were differences in grief for those who
lost a parent to a violent/sudden or expected loss. They began by exploring childhood grief and
trauma. It is important to note that the authors note that children who experience the loss of a
parent in a violent manner may develop symptoms of PTSD. The results of their study appear to
show that CTG symptoms were prevailing regardless of the manner of death experienced by
the loved one.
Peterson, S. (2021, March 1). Traumatic grief. The National Child Traumatic Stress Network.
https://www.nctsn.org/what-is-child-trauma/trauma-types/traumatic-grief
McClatchy, I. S., Vonk, M. E., & Palardy, G. (2009). The prevalence of childhood traumatic grief
—a comparison of violent/sudden and expected loss. OMEGA - Journal of Death and
Dying, 59(4), 305–323. https://doi.org/10.2190/om.59.4.b
