Running head: Problem Management and Goal Setting 1
Chapter 10 and Chapter 11 Assignments
Institution Affiliation
Students Name
Date
Running head: Problem Management and Goal Setting 2
Chapter 10 STAGE II: HELP CLIENTS DESIGN AND SET PROBLEM-MANAGING
GOALS
In Stage II of the counseling process, the counselor helps clients design and set problem-
managing goals. The goal-setting process is an important step in the counseling process, as it
helps clients clarify their priorities, focus their efforts, and stay motivated throughout the
counseling process.
Here are some steps that can be followed to help clients design and set problem-managing
goals:
1. Identify the problem: The first step in setting goals is to identify the problem that the
client wants to address. The counselor and the client should work together to define
the problem, identify its causes, and understand its impact on the client's life.
2. Brainstorm solutions: Once the problem has been identified, the counselor and the
client should brainstorm potential solutions. This can include both short-term and
long-term solutions.
3. Evaluate the solutions: After brainstorming, the counselor and the client should
evaluate the potential solutions based on their feasibility, effectiveness, and potential
risks.
4. Set SMART goals: SMART goals are specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and
time-bound. The counselor and the client should work together to set SMART goals
that will help the client address the problem.
5. Develop an action plan: Once the goals have been set, the counselor and the client
should develop an action plan that outlines the specific steps that the client will take
to achieve the goals.
Running head: Problem Management and Goal Setting 3
6. Monitor progress: The counselor and the client should regularly monitor the client's
progress towards achieving their goals. This can help the client stay motivated and
make any necessary adjustments to their action plan.
7. Celebrate success: When the client achieves their goals, it's important to celebrate
their success. This can help the client feel a sense of accomplishment and reinforce
the positive changes they've made in their life.
By following these steps, the counselor can help the client set goals that are meaningful,
achievable, and effective in addressing the problem they're facing.
It's important for the counselor to keep in mind that the goals set by the client should be
based on their values, preferences, and strengths. The counselor should encourage the client
to take ownership of the goal-setting process and provide support and guidance as needed.
In addition, the counselor should also help the client identify any barriers or challenges that
may impede their progress towards their goals. This can include external factors such as lack
of resources or support, as well as internal factors such as negative self-talk or self-doubt.
The counselor can help the client develop strategies to overcome these barriers and stay
motivated. This can include techniques such as cognitive restructuring, mindfulness, and
relaxation exercises.
Overall, the goal-setting process in Stage II is a crucial step in the counseling process. By
working collaboratively with the client to set meaningful and achievable goals, the counselor
can help the client develop a sense of agency and control over their situation, and empower
them to make positive changes in their life.
It's also important to note that goals may need to be adjusted or revised throughout the
counseling process as the client's needs, circumstances, or priorities change. The counselor
Running head: Problem Management and Goal Setting 4
should regularly assess the progress towards the goals and discuss with the client whether any
adjustments are needed.
Finally, the counselor should encourage the client to view setbacks or challenges as
opportunities for learning and growth, rather than as failures. The client may encounter
obstacles or setbacks along the way, but the counselor can help the client reframe these
challenges as learning opportunities and identify strategies to overcome them.
Overall, helping clients design and set problem-managing goals is a collaborative process that
requires active listening, empathy, and an understanding of the client's unique circumstances
and needs. By working together to set goals that are meaningful and achievable, the counselor
can help the client build resilience, self-efficacy, and a sense of control over their situation.
In addition to helping the client set problem-managing goals, the counselor should also help
the client identify and leverage their strengths, resources, and support systems. This can
include exploring the client's values, interests, and skills, as well as identifying supportive
people or communities in their life.
By focusing on the client's strengths and resources, the counselor can help the client build a
sense of self-efficacy and resilience, which can be a powerful tool in achieving their goals
and managing the challenges they face.
The counselor should also be mindful of the client's cultural background, experiences, and
identity, and how these factors may shape their goals and preferences. The counselor should
approach the goal-setting process with cultural humility and openness to different
perspectives, and be willing to adapt their approach to meet the client's needs.
Overall, the goal-setting process in Stage II is an important step in the counseling process that
can help the client build a sense of agency and control over their situation. By working
Running head: Problem Management and Goal Setting 5
collaboratively with the client to set meaningful and achievable goals, the counselor can help
the client develop the skills and strategies they need to manage their problems and make
positive changes in their life.
Finally, it's important for the counselor to regularly review the goals with the client to assess
progress, identify any barriers or challenges, and celebrate successes. This can help the client
stay motivated and focused on their goals, and can also provide valuable feedback to the
counselor about the effectiveness of the counseling process.
The counselor should also be open to revising the goals as needed based on the client's
changing needs or circumstances. This can help ensure that the goals remain relevant and
achievable, and can also demonstrate to the client that the counselor is responsive to their
needs.
In summary, helping clients design and set problem-managing goals is an important step in
the counseling process that can help the client build a sense of agency and control over their
situation. By working collaboratively with the client to set meaningful and achievable goals,
the counselor can help the client develop the skills and strategies they need to manage their
problems and make positive changes in their life.
Additionally, it's important for the counselor to ensure that the client's goals are SMART
goals: Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-bound.
Specific goals are clear and well-defined, with a specific outcome in mind. Measurable goals
can be tracked and evaluated, with a clear way to measure progress. Achievable goals are
realistic and feasible for the client to achieve, given their current circumstances and
resources. Relevant goals are meaningful and relevant to the client's needs, values, and
priorities. Finally, time-bound goals have a specific timeline or deadline for completion.
Running head: Problem Management and Goal Setting 6
By setting SMART goals, the client is more likely to feel a sense of accomplishment and
progress towards their goals, which can help them stay motivated and engaged in the
counseling process.
Overall, the goal-setting process in Stage II is a critical step in the counseling process that can
help the client build resilience, self-efficacy, and a sense of control over their situation. By
working collaboratively with the client to set meaningful and achievable goals, the counselor
can help the client develop the skills and strategies they need to manage their problems and
make positive changes in their life.
It's important for the counselor to also ensure that the goals set by the client are aligned with
their values and preferences. The counselor should help the client identify their values and
use them as a guide in setting their goals. This can help the client feel more connected to their
goals and motivated to achieve them.
In addition to identifying values, the counselor should help the client identify potential
obstacles and challenges that may arise in the process of achieving their goals. This can help
the client develop strategies to overcome these obstacles and stay motivated in the face of
setbacks.
The counselor should also encourage the client to identify supportive people or resources that
can help them achieve their goals. This can include family members, friends, mentors, or
community organizations. By building a supportive network, the client is more likely to feel
supported and encouraged as they work towards their goals.
Finally, the counselor should regularly assess the client's progress towards their goals and
provide feedback and support as needed. This can help the client stay on track and make
adjustments as needed to ensure that their goals remain relevant and achievable.
Running head: Problem Management and Goal Setting 7
In summary, the goal-setting process in Stage II is an important step in the counseling process
that can help the client build resilience, self-efficacy, and a sense of control over their
situation. By working collaboratively with the client to set meaningful and achievable goals,
the counselor can help the client develop the skills and strategies they need to manage their
problems and make positive changes in their life.
To help the client achieve their goals, the counselor may also use various techniques and
strategies such as problem-solving skills training, cognitive restructuring, behavior
modification, and relaxation techniques. These interventions can help the client develop new
skills and strategies to manage their problems and improve their overall well-being.
Problem-solving skills training can help the client identify and analyze their problems,
generate potential solutions, and evaluate the effectiveness of different strategies. This can
help the client feel more confident and empowered to manage their problems and make
positive changes in their life.
Cognitive restructuring can help the client identify and challenge negative or irrational
thoughts that may be contributing to their problems. By developing more adaptive and
positive ways of thinking, the client can improve their mood and reduce their stress levels.
Behavior modification techniques can help the client develop new habits and behaviors that
are consistent with their goals. This can involve setting up a reward system for achieving
goals or using positive reinforcement to encourage new behaviors.
Relaxation techniques, such as deep breathing, progressive muscle relaxation, or mindfulness
meditation, can help the client manage stress and anxiety and promote a sense of calm and
well-being.
Running head: Problem Management and Goal Setting 8
In addition to these techniques, the counselor should also provide emotional support and
validation to the client throughout the counseling process. This can help the client feel heard
and understood, and can also help build trust and rapport between the client and counselor.
Overall, the goal of Stage II is to help the client develop the skills and strategies they need to
manage their problems and achieve their goals. By working collaboratively with the client,
the counselor can help the client build resilience, self-efficacy, and a sense of control over
their situation.
EXERCISE 10.1: RECOGNIZE THAT THERAPY IS A BLEND OF SCIENCE,
ENGINEERING, AND ART
List some ways that therapy is an art.
Therapy is considered an art because it involves a unique combination of skills and
techniques that require creativity, intuition, and sensitivity. Here are some ways in which
therapy can be considered an art form:
1. Tailoring therapy to the individual: Effective therapy requires the therapist to adjust
their approach to meet the specific needs and personality of each individual client.
This requires a deep understanding of human behavior and a creative approach to
problem-solving.
2. Building rapport and trust: The therapeutic relationship is a critical aspect of
successful therapy. The therapist must be able to establish a rapport and build trust
with the client, which can require a great deal of empathy, warmth, and intuition.
3. Empowering clients: Good therapists don't just tell clients what to do, but instead
work collaboratively with them to help them achieve their goals. This requires an
ability to inspire and motivate clients, which can be considered an art form.
Running head: Problem Management and Goal Setting 9
4. Using metaphors and stories: Many therapists use metaphors, stories, and other
creative techniques to help clients understand complex issues and gain new insights.
This requires a great deal of creativity and the ability to think outside the box.
5. Managing emotions: Therapy often involves exploring difficult emotions and
experiences, which can be challenging for both the therapist and the client. The
therapist must be able to navigate these emotions in a sensitive and compassionate
way, using their intuition and empathy to guide the process.
Overall, therapy is an art form that requires a unique combination of scientific knowledge,
engineering skills, and artistic creativity. The best therapists are able to blend these different
elements seamlessly, creating a therapeutic process that is both effective and inspiring.
Creating a safe and supportive environment: A skilled therapist knows how to create a
safe and supportive environment for their clients to explore their emotions and
experiences. This involves being attentive to the client's needs, providing a non-
judgmental space, and using their intuition to guide the therapeutic process.
Adapting to different cultures and backgrounds: Therapists need to be able to adapt
their approach to different cultural and social backgrounds. This requires sensitivity to
cultural nuances, as well as the ability to connect with clients from different walks of
life. An artistic therapist can use their creativity to bridge any gaps in understanding
and build trust with clients from diverse backgrounds.
Encouraging self-expression: Good therapy involves encouraging clients to express
themselves in their own unique way. This might involve using art, music, or other
forms of creative expression. The therapist can help the client explore their inner
world, using their artistic skills to facilitate the therapeutic process.
Running head: Problem Management and Goal Setting
10
Incorporating humor and playfulness: Therapists can use humor and playfulness to
help clients feel more relaxed and comfortable. This can help to build trust and create
a positive therapeutic atmosphere. An artistic therapist knows how to use humor and
playfulness in a way that is appropriate and respectful, while still encouraging the
client to let go of their inhibitions.
Facilitating personal growth and transformation: Ultimately, therapy is about helping
clients to grow and change in a positive way. This requires a combination of scientific
knowledge, engineering skills, and artistic creativity. A skilled therapist can use their
artistic skills to help clients explore their inner world, gain new insights, and
transform their lives in meaningful ways.
Using intuition and improvisation: Sometimes, therapy sessions don't go according to
plan. In these cases, a skilled therapist can use their intuition and improvisation skills
to adapt to the situation and guide the therapeutic process in a new direction. This
requires creativity and flexibility, as well as the ability to think on your feet.
Navigating resistance and defenses: Clients may sometimes resist the therapeutic
process or put up defenses that make it challenging to connect with them. An artistic
therapist can use their creativity to find new ways to break down these barriers and
create a more open and collaborative therapeutic environment.
Being present and attuned: A key aspect of successful therapy is the ability to be fully
present and attuned to the client's needs. This requires a great deal of sensitivity,
empathy, and intuition, as well as the ability to create a safe and supportive
environment for the client.
Holding space for difficult emotions: Therapy often involves exploring difficult
emotions and experiences, such as grief, trauma, and anxiety. A skilled therapist can
Running head: Problem Management and Goal Setting
11
use their artistic skills to hold space for these emotions in a way that is compassionate
and non-judgmental, allowing the client to explore their feelings in a safe and
supportive environment.
Encouraging self-reflection: Ultimately, therapy is about helping clients gain a deeper
understanding of themselves and their place in the world. An artistic therapist can use
their creativity to encourage self-reflection, asking open-ended questions, and using
metaphors and other creative techniques to help clients gain new insights and
perspectives on their lives.
Overall, therapy is an art form that requires a unique combination of skills, including
scientific knowledge, engineering skills, and artistic creativity. The best therapists are able to
blend these different elements seamlessly, creating a therapeutic process that is both effective
and inspiring.
1. Using nonverbal communication: Therapists use nonverbal communication, such as
facial expressions, tone of voice, and body language, to convey empathy and
understanding to clients. An artistic therapist can use their creativity to enhance their
nonverbal communication skills, such as by using mirroring or movement to help
clients feel more connected.
2. Engaging the senses: Therapy can involve engaging the senses, such as by using
aromatherapy, music, or tactile objects. An artistic therapist can use their creativity to
create a sensory experience that helps clients feel more relaxed and comfortable,
allowing them to explore their emotions more deeply.
3. Encouraging imagination and creativity: Therapy can involve using imagination and
creativity to explore different scenarios or possibilities. An artistic therapist can use
Running head: Problem Management and Goal Setting
12
their creativity to encourage clients to think outside the box, such as by using guided
imagery or visualization techniques.
4. Fostering hope and optimism: Therapists can use their artistic skills to foster hope and
optimism in clients, even in difficult situations. This might involve using metaphors
or stories to convey a message of hope, or using humor to lighten the mood and help
clients feel more positive about the future.
5. Being authentic and vulnerable: Finally, a skilled therapist knows how to be authentic
and vulnerable with their clients, sharing their own experiences and emotions in a way
that helps clients feel more connected and understood. An artistic therapist can use
their creativity to express themselves in a way that feels authentic and genuine,
helping to build trust and rapport with clients.
6. Using metaphor and symbolism: Therapists can use metaphor and symbolism to help
clients explore complex emotions and experiences. An artistic therapist can use their
creativity to develop metaphors that resonate with the client, or create art that
represents their inner world in a tangible way.
7. Encouraging mindfulness: Mindfulness is a key aspect of many therapeutic
approaches, and involves being fully present in the moment and accepting one's
thoughts and feelings without judgment. An artistic therapist can use their creativity
to develop mindfulness exercises that engage the client's senses and help them stay
present in the moment.
8. Facilitating insight and understanding: Therapy is often about gaining insight and
understanding into one's own thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. An artistic therapist
can use their creativity to facilitate this process, using artistic techniques to help
clients gain new perspectives and insights.
Running head: Problem Management and Goal Setting
13
9. Using humor to build rapport: Humor can be a powerful tool in therapy, helping to
build rapport and create a positive therapeutic environment. An artistic therapist can
use their creativity to develop humor that is appropriate and respectful, while still
encouraging clients to let go of their inhibitions.
10. Being flexible and adaptable: Finally, a skilled therapist knows how to be flexible and
adaptable, adjusting their approach to meet the unique needs of each client. An artistic
therapist can use their creativity to develop new techniques and strategies on the fly,
making the therapeutic process more personalized and effective.
11. Empowering clients: A skilled therapist knows how to empower clients to take
ownership of their therapeutic journey and make positive changes in their lives. An
artistic therapist can use their creativity to develop tools and exercises that help clients
build self-esteem, develop new coping skills, and take control of their emotional and
mental health.
12. Addressing diversity and cultural issues: Therapy must take into account the unique
cultural and social backgrounds of each client. An artistic therapist can use their
creativity to develop techniques and exercises that are culturally sensitive and
relevant, helping clients feel heard and understood regardless of their background.
13. Creating a safe and supportive environment: Therapy is only effective if clients feel
safe and supported. An artistic therapist can use their creativity to create a therapeutic
environment that is warm, welcoming, and non-judgmental, allowing clients to
explore their emotions and experiences without fear of rejection or criticism.
14. Building connections and relationships: Successful therapy is often about building
strong connections and relationships between the therapist and the client. An artistic
Running head: Problem Management and Goal Setting
14
therapist can use their creativity to find common ground with clients, build rapport,
and foster a sense of trust and mutual understanding.
15. Celebrating progress and growth: Finally, therapy is about celebrating progress and
growth, no matter how small. An artistic therapist can use their creativity to develop
rituals and celebrations that help clients recognize their successes and feel proud of
their progress, building confidence and resilience along the way.
16. Developing intuition and empathy: Therapy requires a high degree of intuition and
empathy to be effective. An artistic therapist can use their creativity to develop these
skills, such as by using art or music to help them connect with clients on a deeper
level.
17. Working with resistance: Resistance is a common obstacle in therapy, but a skilled
therapist knows how to work with it effectively. An artistic therapist can use their
creativity to develop techniques that help clients overcome their resistance, such as by
using art or creative writing to explore difficult emotions.
18. Encouraging self-reflection: Self-reflection is an important aspect of therapy, allowing
clients to gain insight into their own thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. An artistic
therapist can use their creativity to develop tools and exercises that encourage self-
reflection, such as by using art or writing prompts that help clients explore their inner
world.
19. Helping clients find their voice: Many clients struggle to express themselves or find
their voice in therapy. An artistic therapist can use their creativity to develop
techniques that help clients feel more confident and expressive, such as by using art or
writing exercises that encourage self-expression.
Running head: Problem Management and Goal Setting
15
20. Integrating multiple modalities: Finally, a skilled therapist knows how to integrate
multiple therapeutic modalities to create a personalized and effective treatment plan.
An artistic therapist can use their creativity to develop unique combinations of
techniques and approaches that work best for each individual client.
Therapy is an art in that, it requires the use of creativity to make a client understand
themselves. It requires the use of social skills to interact with the clients. It enables an
individual to understand life at without necessarily calculations.
List some way in which therapy is a kind of engineering.
It requires precise decision making to come up with a viable plan for managing our problems.
It involves solving problems. At a point, it may require the use of equipment to test the client.
List some ways in which therapy involves one kind of science (social science).
It requires great interpersonal skills for a therapist to interact with a client, enable them to
freely express themselves, and enable them to find solutions to their problems without feeling
pressured.
It requires self-control for the helper to be able to handle the different types of clients.
It requires creativity to convince clients to work on what they talk about in different sessions.
EXERCISE 10.2: IDENTIFY PROBLEMS AND UNUSED OPPORTUNITIES IN THE
SOCIAL SETTINGS OF LIFE
Choose two concerns arising from two different social settings of your life.
Workplace:
One concern in the workplace is workplace bullying, which can have serious consequences
for the wellbeing and productivity of employees. Workplace bullying can take many forms,
such as verbal abuse, exclusion, and intimidation. Employers need to create a safe and
Running head: Problem Management and Goal Setting
16
respectful work environment and implement anti-bullying policies to prevent and address
workplace bullying.
Another unused opportunity in the workplace is promoting diversity and inclusion. Many
workplaces lack diversity and fail to create an inclusive environment for employees from
different backgrounds. By embracing diversity and creating an inclusive culture, employers
can benefit from the unique perspectives and ideas of a diverse workforce and improve
employee engagement and productivity.
Education:
One concern in the education setting is the achievement gap, which refers to the disparities in
academic performance between different groups of students. Students from low-income
families, students of color, and students with disabilities are often at a disadvantage compared
to their peers. Schools need to address the achievement gap by providing targeted support and
resources to these students and promoting equity in education.
Another unused opportunity in education is promoting student-centered learning. Traditional
classroom teaching often relies on lectures and rote memorization, which can lead to
disengagement and lack of motivation among students. By promoting student-centered
learning, where students have more control over their learning and can pursue their interests,
schools can foster creativity, critical thinking, and lifelong learning.
Community:
Running head: Problem Management and Goal Setting
17
One concern in the community is social isolation and loneliness, which can have negative
impacts on mental and physical health. Many people, particularly older adults and those
living alone, may feel disconnected from their community and lack social support.
Communities can address this concern by creating opportunities for social connection, such
as community events and programs, and promoting volunteerism and community
engagement.
Another unused opportunity in the community is promoting sustainable living. Many
communities have yet to fully embrace sustainable living practices, such as reducing waste,
conserving energy, and promoting eco-friendly transportation options. By promoting
sustainable living practices, communities can reduce their environmental impact and create a
healthier and more sustainable future for all.
Family:
One concern in the family setting is domestic violence, which can have serious consequences
for the physical and emotional wellbeing of family members. Domestic violence can take
many forms, including physical, emotional, and financial abuse. Families need to promote
healthy relationships and address any signs of domestic violence through counseling and
other support services.Another unused opportunity in the family setting is promoting open
communication and emotional intelligence. Many families struggle with communication and
may lack the emotional intelligence needed to navigate challenging situations. By promoting
open communication and emotional intelligence, families can build stronger relationships,
foster empathy and understanding, and promote positive mental health outcomes.
Healthcare:
Running head: Problem Management and Goal Setting
18
One concern in the healthcare setting is healthcare inequality, which refers to disparities in
access to quality healthcare and health outcomes based on factors such as race, income, and
geographic location. Many marginalized communities, including people of color and low-
income individuals, may face barriers to accessing healthcare services. Healthcare providers
need to address healthcare inequality by promoting health equity and addressing social
determinants of health.
Another unused opportunity in the healthcare setting is promoting preventative healthcare.
Many healthcare systems focus on treating illnesses after they occur, rather than promoting
preventative healthcare measures that can prevent illnesses from occurring in the first place.
By promoting preventative healthcare measures such as regular checkups, vaccinations, and
healthy lifestyle habits, healthcare providers can reduce healthcare costs and improve overall
health outcomes for their patients.
Government: One concern in the government setting is political polarization, which refers to
the increasing divide between political parties and their supporters. Political polarization can
lead to a lack of cooperation and compromise, hindering the government's ability to
effectively address important issues. Governments need to address political polarization by
promoting civility, encouraging respectful discourse, and seeking common ground.
Another unused opportunity in the government setting is promoting civic engagement. Many
people feel disconnected from the political process and may not be aware of how to get
involved in their communities. By promoting civic engagement through initiatives such as
voter registration drives, town hall meetings, and volunteer opportunities, governments can
empower their citizens to take an active role in shaping their communities and promoting
social change.
Running head: Problem Management and Goal Setting
19
In conclusion, there are many concerns and unused opportunities in various social settings
that need to be addressed. By recognizing these issues and taking steps to address them, we
can create a more equitable and sustainable world for all.
Social Media:
One concern in the social media setting is online harassment, which can include
cyberbullying, hate speech, and other forms of online abuse. Online harassment can have
serious consequences for mental health and can lead to social isolation and other negative
outcomes. Social media platforms need to take proactive steps to prevent online harassment
and create safe and inclusive spaces for users.
Another unused opportunity in the social media setting is using social media for social good.
While social media can be a source of negativity and misinformation, it can also be a
powerful tool for social change. By using social media to raise awareness of important issues,
promote social justice, and connect with others who share similar interests and goals, users
can harness the power of social media for positive change.
Religious Institutions: One concern in the religious institution setting is religious
discrimination, which can include discrimination based on religious beliefs, practices, and
affiliations. Discrimination can lead to exclusion, marginalization, and even violence.
Religious institutions need to promote tolerance and respect for diversity and work to
eliminate discrimination within their communities.
Another unused opportunity in the religious institution setting is using religion as a force for
social justice. Many religious traditions emphasize values such as compassion, generosity,
and social responsibility. Religious institutions can use these values to promote social justice
Running head: Problem Management and Goal Setting
20
and engage in activities such as charitable work, community service, and advocacy for
marginalized communities.
Overall, there are many concerns and unused opportunities in various social settings that
require attention and action. By addressing these issues, we can work towards a more just,
equitable, and inclusive society.
School
Working on my grades makes me spend most of my time in the library or at home
researching on some techniques. My friends are complaining that am becoming a book warm.
My parents are complaining that I no longer call them as frequently as I used to, but when I
visit them, they tell me not to waste time, by visiting them.
House
My roommate keeps playing loud music even when I need to sleep. He complains that am
getting uptight and wants me to relax. He keeps criticizing me about my library routine. He
leave the room untidy all the time. He doesn’t like cooking but loves to eat.
Work
I work at a restaurant in the evenings to substitute my income. My manager keeps
complaining about his family to me. It is creating a weird relationship because am aware of
his personal problems. My colleagues keep asking me to take their shifts because of their
family. Some of them ask me to babysit for them in my room sometimes. The customers keep
complaining to me about my colleagues.
I need my roommate to be a little supportive and work on his untidy behavior.
I want my parents to understand me better.
Running head: Problem Management and Goal Setting
21
I wish to spend less time in the library, find time to clean my room, find time with my
friends, and find time with my parents.
There will be a better understanding with my roommate and my parents will see my love.
Will have in place a schedule to fit us all for peace and understanding
I will consistently, make time for them
There will be more of understanding and I will be left alone to do my thing.
There will be little of criticism
EXERCISE 10.3: BRAINSTORM POSSIBILITIES FOR A BETTER FUTURE
Case 1: Tim, Jot down a range of possibilities for a better future.
Get help from the director. Finish school and get enrolled in a good job. Regain his
confidence and be open to talk about his secret to help others. Find ambitions and follow
them. Grow his talent and become successful.
Case 2: Nun, A range of possibilities for a better future.
Discovers that her passion is as a counsellor. Helps the sisters to be obedient in the religious
way. Allow herself to be relaxed. Finds a way of teaching the school and be satisfied by it.
Uses her talent in the church to help the individuals with problems.
Case 3: Marcus, A range of possibilities for a better future.
Talk to Yves about his wish and help him understand that he is helping because he loves him.
Get a better relationship with his brother. Help him pay the debt.
Case 4: 64 year old man, a range of possibilities for a better future.
Running head: Problem Management and Goal Setting
22
Learn to deal with his loss. Accept that his wife has passed away. Understand that he is alive
and needs to continue living. Move close to his children or find a way to meet them
frequently. Find a way of improving himself through engaging in constructive activities. Live
happy and contended.
EXERCISE 10.5: REVIEW THE “SHADOW SIDE” OF YOUR DECISION-MAKING
STYLE
2. Some friends owe me huge amounts of money. I see them get the money but I do not ask
them to pay me, because of my personal relationship with them. It is making me feel
inadequate as a friend. I care for them, seeing them go broke and not have something to eat
makes me give them more.
3. My mother. She is sponsoring education for some single mothers and relatives. They are
ungrateful, because some of them have left school and got married or sought to finding work.
Reasons are too generous, she doesn’t see the losses. Too kind to not help, by narrating the
bad experiences. Too caring to set boundaries.
EXERCISE 10.7: TURN POSSIBILITIES INTO GOALS
2. Improve my relationship with my mother. Find a job in my area of passion. Find friends
with my hobby, and engage in physical activities together. Enrol in charity work. These will
help me focus in my life and stop regretting on my past, by finding a way to build my future.
3 Find a hobby to occupy myself in. Create relationship with my mother, so that I can have
someone to share my problems with. Enrol in a charity activity, to help me find a way of
occupying myself with positive thoughts.
Running head: Problem Management and Goal Setting
23
EXERCISE 10.8: TURN PERSONAL POSSIBILITIES INTO PERSONAL GOALS
Room: the goal is to make my roommate responsible and understanding. So that I can have a
clean and peaceful environment for rest.
Work: Goal is to create a boundary in my relationship with the manager and my colleagues.
So that they can respect me and leave me to my life.
EXERCISE 10.9: HELP CLIENTS TURN POSSIBILITIES INTO GOALS
Marcus: Approach the brother with the help of my parents and talk to him about helping him
clear his debts. Add that he could pay me back, if he doesn’t agree to me helping him.
Tim: Talk about my past and resurface my ambitions and work towards them.
EXERCISE 10.10: SHAPING GOALS—FROM BROAD TO SPECIFIC
Tom and Carol: It is too wide and with a lot of possibilities. They are just wishes and not easy
to implement. Though counselling could help to find ways of improving the relationship.
Sherry: Good intention, “I want to change the way I live and find a better way of living my
life”. Broad aim: “I will begin by reducing the number of cigarettes per day. Get rid of my
chocolate addiction. Create time to exercise and try to eat healthy.” Specific goal: “Lose
weight by eating healthy and exercising.”
Troy: Good intention, “I want to be creative and a chance to expand in my position.” Broad
aim: “Find a job that is more fulfilling and a company that allows me to be ambitious and
expand my creativity.” Specific goal: “Find a fulfilling job, which allows me to expand my
creativity.”
Running head: Problem Management and Goal Setting
24
Jaime: Good intention: “I want to find a way of providing for my family.” Broad aim: “Find
my husband and ask him to come home. Find my relatives or my acquaintances and ask them
to help me find a job that will provide for my family needs. Enrol in a course that will give
me the basic education to begin a business. Borrow a loan and begin a business.” Specific
goal: “Get a job that will provide me with the necessary capital to begin a business and be
able to support my family.”
TASK II-C:
EXERCISE 10.14: MANAGE YOUR COMMITMENT TO YOUR GOALS
Goals
Have better grades and improve my performance as a counsellor.
Find a job that will help me improve my skills.
Evaluation of your commitment to your first goal.
I am committed and I feel ready to begin working on my goal. I am comfortable and
confident that I will be able to achieve this at the end.
Evaluation of your commitment to your second goal.
Although challenging, I know it will enable me to improve my creativity and focus on my
goal.
EXERCISE 10.16: ADDRESS COMPETING AGENDAS
Competing agendas for first goal.
Running head: Problem Management and Goal Setting
25
My time in the library researching and meeting up with my friends.
Ways of managing competing agendas.
Prioritize my education and reduce my circle of friends to a number of those who help me
study and improve my talents.
Competing agendas for second goal.
My job at the restaurant, time for my family and roommate.
Ways of managing competing agendas.
Find a job that is in line with my career. Schedule time to make room for my family and
roommate.
Chapter 11 STAGE III: PLANNING—HELP CLIENTS DESIGN THE WAY
FORWARD
Task III-A: Help Clients Develop Possible Strategies. Help clients brainstorm strategies
for accomplishing their goals. “What kind of actions will help me get what I need and
want?”
First we need to establish some of the strategies that the client has in mind so that we can
know where to begin from. It is important that the client speaks about all the strategies so that
we begin with the simple one, and find the better strategy. The best action will be to eliminate
bad habits and have self-discipline, this will eliminate bad habits and help mitigate
distractions. Moreover, it is important to avoid postponing implementation through managing
time.
Running head: Problem Management and Goal Setting
26
Task III-B: Help Clients Choose Best-Fit Problem-Managing Strategies. Help clients
choose strategies tailored to their preferences and resources. “What set of actions are
best for me?”
The best actions would be to help the client identify the problem itself so that the
management will be easier. The action will therefore be according to the nature of the
problem. The first could be finding a support group, who will help to find a wider perspective
of life. Secondly, the client could be helped to find a wider range of solving their problem, by
giving theme options.
Task III-C: Help Clients Plans Turn Strategies into Viable Plans. Help clients formulate
actionable plans. “What should my campaign for constructive change look like? What
do I need to do first? Second? Third?”
This requires that the client be guided by giving them several options. Such as suggesting an
organization that would help the client to get started. After identifying the way to manage the
problem and finding an action, the client will be able to begin to construct their life. First
thing is to be specific and realistic about the plan. Secondly, is to set measurable steps so that
the client does not face difficulty and give up on the goals. Third is to break the plans into
manageable sections.
EXERCISE 11.1: BRAINSTORM ACTION STRATEGIES FOR YOUR OWN GOALS
EXERCISE 11.2: DEVELOP ACTION STRATEGIES—PUT YOURSELF IN THE
CLIENT’S SHOES
Case 1: Emma 27years old
Running head: Problem Management and Goal Setting
27
Approach one family member who used to communicate with me more than others. Show
them that I have changed. Ask for their forgiveness. Meet the other family members. Explain
to them what I have been through. Show them that I have changed. Participate in family
functions. Ask for forgiveness. If they accept, then begin building on myself.
For a family social life. I will have to tread with care. Interact with them. Learn each of them
individually. Know their likes and dislikes. Try to let them understand and accept me. Work
hard on helping them to know mw better. Give them a chance to understand me.
Because reconciliation is a two-way, only on their acceptance of my reconciliation will help
me to begin on my plans. Only their reconciliation will enable me to get a social life with
them.
Case 2: A priest, Re-establishing my relationship with my parishioners
Make them understand that I was truly innocent. Ask the boy to confess the truth, but if he
refuses I cannot force him. Engage in parish activities. Create trust through education,
developing awareness of such people. Ask the parish members to help me settle in. Ask for
help in reaching out to other people. Allow my fellow monks to help me get back to the
society. What would be in place is mistrust.
EXERCISE 11.3: HELP OTHERS DISCUSS OR BRAINSTORM STRATEGIES FOR
ACTION
Video this part
EXERCISE 11.4: USE CRITERIA TO CHOOSE BEST-FIT STRATEGIES
Running head: Problem Management and Goal Setting
28
“I’ll call a moratorium on our relationship. I’ll tell him that I don’t want to see him for four
months. After that we will be in a better position to re-establish a different kind of
relationship, if that’s what we want.” Clarity: “This strategy is clear, I can clearly see us
becoming friends.” Relevance: “It leads inevitably to elimination of him as an intimate
friend, but only if I stick to the plan.” Realism: “I could probably pull this off. It would be
like creating a distance. A distance to redefine our friendship. I know those who have done it”
Appeal: “Although I know my stand, I need a break because I want him to understand that we
can only be friends.” Values “For me, I know I should get a moratorium in such a friendship
because there is something phony about his behavior and it will only be worse if I don’t
redefine it now.” Effectiveness “The more I draw to executing it, the more am convinced it’s
the right thing, because four months is a long time for someone to examine themselves.”
EXERCISE 11.11: DEVELOP THE RESOURCES NEEDED TO IMPLEMENT YOUR
PLANS
Problem situation #1: Your problem-managing or opportunity-developing goal.
Managing the frequency of headaches
Skills or other resources such as social support you need to accomplish this goal.
A friend to help me relief my stressful moments. A doctor to provide me with the
medications that will reduce the frequency.
Summarize a plan that can help you develop or get the resources you need
Tell a friend that I need them to help me relief my stressful moments. Find a doctor and tell
them about my headaches.
Running head: Problem Management and Goal Setting
29
Problem situation #2. Your problem-managing or opportunity-developing goal.
Managing the severity of the headaches.
Skills or other resources such as social support you need to accomplish this goal.
Master the skill of controlling my thoughts to relieve stress. Find a doctor to prescribe me a
medication
Summarize a plan that can help you develop or get the resources you need.
Participate in events that do not stress me. Find medication from a doctor. Begin working out
to exercise my physical.
References
Assigned Worksheets in Egan (11th Edition) and Egan Textbook Readings (11th Edition)
Running head: Problem Management and Goal Setting
30
Running head: Problem Management and Goal Setting
31
