Running head: DISCUSSION
Discussion
Student Name
Course:
Instructor:
Institution
July 12th, 2019
DISCUSSION
Overview
1. Go toBlueLight Discussion Forums
oThis is a site where addicted individuals share information about drugs of abuse
including misuse of many prescription drugs.
2. Browse, research a recreational or prescription drug.
3. Post your findings in a brief summary.).
4. What is "the word on the street?"
5. Did anything about this surprise you?
6. No references are required; APA format not required. Appropriate spelling and grammar are
required.
Please refer to theGrading Rubricfor details on how this activity will be graded.
As revealed in the discussion forums, marijuana remains the most commonly abused drugs in the U.S
today. According to most of the participants in the discussion forums, they began using marijuana in
their teenage years during the exploration and self-discovery journey. However, one of the surprising
revelations from these discussions is that while there is an increased abuse of marijuana among
teenagers, most of them believe that marijuana is not harmful because it is a natural plant, unlike
Cocaine, Heroine, and the other drugs being abused today. This notion is a major reason behind the
increased use of the drug both for teenagers and even adults. Further, most of the participants agree
that Bluelight has been a vital resource for them to obtain knowledge about drug and substance abuse
and addiction. Most of them reveal that Bluelight is a good platform for them to share their experiences
and interact with likeminded people. To them, the information and experiences gained from this forum
can help to reduce the harms caused by drugs. While it's true that the internet, including websites that
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provide information about drug and substance abuse and addiction, can be a valuable resource for
individuals seeking knowledge about these topics, it's important to note that not all online information
is reliable or accurate. It's crucial to seek information from trustworthy sources and to consult with
medical professionals or addiction specialists when needed.
Additionally, while some individuals may benefit from online resources, it's important to acknowledge
that addiction and substance abuse are complex issues that often require professional treatment and
support. Simply obtaining knowledge about these topics may not be enough to overcome addiction or
prevent substance abuse. It's important to seek appropriate help and support when dealing with these
issues.
marijuana is the most commonly used illicit drug in the United States, with an estimated
43.5 million past-year users. However, it's worth noting that the term "abuse" has a
specific clinical definition and refers to the excessive or problematic use of a substance
that leads to negative consequences in a person's life, such as physical or psychological
harm, impaired functioning, or social problems. Not all people who use marijuana meet
the criteria for substance abuse or dependence, and many people use marijuana
responsibly without experiencing negative consequences.
It's also important to note that the legalization of marijuana for medical and recreational
purposes has changed the way people view and use the drug. While marijuana use
remains illegal under federal law in the United States, several states have legalized it
for medical and/or recreational use. This has led to a shift in attitudes towards
marijuana and a decrease in the stigma associated with its use. Additionally, there has
been growing interest in the potential medical benefits of marijuana, particularly in the
DISCUSSION
treatment of chronic pain and certain medical conditions, which has led to increased
use for medical purposes.
However, despite the changing attitudes towards marijuana and the legalization of the
drug in some states, it's important to recognize that marijuana use can still have
negative consequences. While marijuana is considered to be less harmful than many
other drugs, it can still lead to impaired judgment and coordination, increased heart
rate, and other health risks. Additionally, regular use of marijuana can lead to addiction,
with an estimated 9% of people who use marijuana becoming dependent on the drug.
Overall, while marijuana remains a commonly used drug in the United States, it's
important to use it responsibly and recognize the potential risks associated with its use.
Additionally, it's important to seek help if you or someone you know is struggling with
problematic marijuana use or addiction.
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Reply Posts
Read the following posts and respond totwoof your peers. In your post, critique the plan by
answering the following questions:
Do you agree/disagree with the plan?
Is anything missing from the plan?
Compare your peers' plan to yours – what are the advantages and disadvantages of each?
Your response should include evidence of review of the course material through proper cit
Sean Wiest
Assessment:
The patient is exhibiting signs of a substance abuse disorder, particularly use of opioids,
benzodiazepines, and non-benzodiazepines (American Psychological Association, 2013).
Substance abuse disorder, also known as substance use disorder, is a condition characterized by the
problematic use of one or more substances, such as drugs or alcohol. It is a complex condition that
affects a person's physical, emotional, and social well-being.
Substance abuse disorder can manifest in various ways, ranging from mild to severe, and can include
symptoms such as a strong craving for the substance, difficulty controlling substance use, continuing to
use the substance despite negative consequences, and withdrawal symptoms when the substance is not
used.
DISCUSSION
There are many different types of substances that can be abused, including alcohol, opioids, cocaine,
methamphetamine, and marijuana, among others. Substance abuse disorder can have serious
consequences for a person's health, relationships, and overall quality of life, and it often requires
professional treatment to overcome.
The causes of substance abuse disorder can be complex and multifaceted, including genetic,
environmental, and psychological factors. For example, a person's family history of addiction, exposure
to trauma, and mental health conditions like depression or anxiety can all contribute to the
development of substance abuse disorder.
Treatment for substance abuse disorder typically involves a combination of medical, psychological, and
behavioral interventions. This may include medication-assisted treatment, counseling, support groups,
and other forms of therapy. The goal of treatment is to help the person achieve and maintain
abstinence, improve their overall health and well-being, and develop the skills and strategies needed to
maintain long-term recovery.
If you or someone you know is struggling with substance abuse disorder, it is important to seek
professional help as soon as possible. There are many resources available, including hotlines, treatment
centers, and support groups, that can provide guidance and support for those seeking to overcome
addiction.
In addition to professional treatment, there are also lifestyle changes that can be helpful in managing
substance abuse disorder. This can include adopting healthy habits like regular exercise, getting enough
sleep, and eating a balanced diet. It can also involve avoiding triggers that may lead to substance use
and finding new hobbies and activities to engage in instead.
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It is important to note that recovery from substance abuse disorder is a lifelong journey, and relapse is
possible. However, with the right support and tools, many people are able to overcome addiction and
lead fulfilling, substance-free lives.
If you or someone you know is struggling with substance abuse disorder, it is important to remember
that help is available. You can start by talking to a healthcare professional, reaching out to a support
group, or contacting a substance abuse treatment center. Recovery is possible, and with the right
resources and support, you can take the first steps toward a healthier, happier life.
It's also important to note that substance abuse disorder not only affects the individual struggling with
addiction but also their loved ones. Family members and friends can experience a range of emotions,
including guilt, shame, and anger. It's important for loved ones to seek support and education about
addiction to better understand how to support their loved one through recovery.
Additionally, society as a whole can play a role in addressing substance abuse disorder. This can involve
policies and programs aimed at prevention, early intervention, and treatment. It can also involve
reducing the stigma around addiction and increasing access to resources and support for those
struggling with substance abuse disorder.
In conclusion, substance abuse disorder is a complex condition that affects individuals, families, and
society as a whole. It can have serious consequences, but recovery is possible with the right treatment
and support. It's important to seek help and to address addiction as a community in order to reduce the
impact of substance abuse disorder on individuals and society.
One important aspect of addressing substance abuse disorder is prevention. This can involve education
and awareness campaigns aimed at helping individuals make informed decisions about substance use,
as well as interventions to reduce access to substances.
DISCUSSION
For example, policies aimed at reducing access to prescription opioids have been implemented in
response to the opioid epidemic. Additionally, many schools and community organizations offer drug
education programs to educate young people about the risks and consequences of substance use.
Early intervention is also critical in addressing substance abuse disorder. Identifying and addressing
substance use in its early stages can help prevent it from becoming a more serious addiction. Screening
for substance use in healthcare settings and providing appropriate referrals for treatment can help
individuals receive the support they need to overcome addiction.
Finally, ongoing support and resources are important for individuals in recovery from substance abuse
disorder. Support groups, counseling, and other forms of ongoing treatment can help individuals
maintain their sobriety and continue to build a fulfilling life in recovery.
Overall, addressing substance abuse disorder requires a comprehensive approach involving prevention,
early intervention, and ongoing support. By working together as a community, we can reduce the impact
of addiction on individuals and society.
Another important aspect of addressing substance abuse disorder is addressing the underlying factors
that contribute to it. This can include mental health conditions like depression or anxiety, trauma, and
social factors like poverty and discrimination. Addressing these factors through comprehensive and
holistic care can help individuals overcome addiction and build a healthier, more stable life.
Many treatment centers now offer integrated care that addresses both substance abuse and underlying
mental health conditions. This can involve medication-assisted treatment, counseling, and other forms
of therapy tailored to the individual's specific needs.
Additionally, addressing social determinants of health like poverty, lack of access to healthcare, and
discrimination can help prevent substance abuse disorder from developing in the first place. Policies and
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programs aimed at addressing these social factors can help create a more equitable society and reduce
the impact of addiction on marginalized communities.
In conclusion, addressing substance abuse disorder requires a comprehensive approach that addresses
the individual, family, community, and society as a whole. By focusing on prevention, early intervention,
ongoing support, and addressing underlying factors, we can reduce the impact of addiction on
individuals and society and help individuals achieve and maintain long-term recovery.
It's also important to recognize that substance abuse disorder is not a moral failing or a choice. It is a
chronic brain disease that requires medical treatment and ongoing support. Stigmatizing individuals with
addiction only serves to further isolate them and prevent them from seeking the help they need.
Reducing stigma around addiction and increasing awareness about the disease nature of addiction can
help individuals feel more comfortable seeking treatment and support. It can also help encourage
society to provide the necessary resources and support for those struggling with addiction.
Finally, it's important to recognize that addiction can affect anyone, regardless of their age, gender, race,
or socioeconomic status. By working together to address substance abuse disorder as a community, we
can create a more compassionate and supportive society that prioritizes the health and well-being of all
its members.
In conclusion, substance abuse disorder is a complex and multifaceted condition that requires a
comprehensive approach to address. By focusing on prevention, early intervention, ongoing support,
addressing underlying factors, reducing stigma, and creating a more equitable society, we can reduce
the impact of addiction on individuals and society as a whole.
Finally, it's important to recognize that recovery is a journey, and it looks different for everyone. Some
individuals may achieve full sobriety, while others may need to manage their addiction through
DISCUSSION
medication-assisted treatment or harm reduction strategies. Recovery also involves addressing the
underlying issues that contributed to addiction, such as mental health conditions and trauma.
Support from family, friends, and a community of peers in recovery can be instrumental in maintaining
sobriety and achieving a fulfilling life in recovery. Many individuals in recovery also find purpose and
meaning in helping others who are struggling with addiction.
In conclusion, recovery from substance abuse disorder is a lifelong journey that requires ongoing
support and dedication. By focusing on the individual, addressing underlying factors, reducing stigma,
and creating a supportive and compassionate society, we can help individuals achieve and maintain
long-term recovery and build a fulfilling life in sobriety.
In addition to the various treatments and supports available to individuals struggling with substance
abuse disorder, it's also important to recognize the role of personal responsibility and accountability in
recovery. Recovery requires a commitment to making positive changes in one's life, as well as a
willingness to take ownership of one's actions and the consequences that come with them.
This can involve making changes in one's daily routine and environment to avoid triggers and
temptations, as well as seeking out healthy coping mechanisms to manage stress and difficult emotions.
It can also involve making amends for past mistakes and actively working to rebuild relationships that
may have been damaged by addiction.
Ultimately, recovery is a process of self-discovery and growth that requires patience, resilience, and a
willingness to seek help when needed. With the right support and resources, individuals can overcome
addiction and build a healthier, more fulfilling life in recovery.
In conclusion, addressing substance abuse disorder requires a comprehensive approach that addresses
the individual, family, community, and society as a whole. By focusing on prevention, early intervention,
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ongoing support, addressing underlying factors, reducing stigma, creating a more equitable society, and
promoting personal responsibility and accountability, we can reduce the impact of addiction on
individuals and society and help individuals achieve and maintain long-term recovery.
Finally, it's important to recognize the role of advocacy and policy in addressing substance abuse
disorder. Advocating for evidence-based treatment, harm reduction strategies, and policies that address
social determinants of health can help create a more effective and equitable response to addiction.
This can include advocating for increased funding for addiction treatment and research, expanding
access to medication-assisted treatment, and promoting harm reduction strategies like needle exchange
programs and overdose prevention measures. It can also involve addressing broader social issues like
poverty, discrimination, and inadequate healthcare access that contribute to substance abuse disorder.
By working together to advocate for policies and programs that prioritize the health and well-being of
individuals struggling with addiction, we can create a more supportive and equitable society that
promotes recovery and reduces the impact of addiction on individuals and communities.
In conclusion, addressing substance abuse disorder requires a comprehensive and collaborative
approach that involves individuals, families, communities, and policymakers. By focusing on prevention,
early intervention, ongoing support, addressing underlying factors, reducing stigma, promoting personal
responsibility and accountability, and advocating for evidence-based treatment and policies that address
social determinants of health, we can reduce the impact of addiction on individuals and society and
create a more compassionate and equitable world.
Overall, addressing substance abuse disorder requires a multifaceted and compassionate approach that
recognizes the complex nature of addiction and the diverse needs of individuals seeking recovery. By
addressing the individual, family, community, and societal factors that contribute to addiction, we can
promote prevention, early intervention, ongoing support, and long-term recovery.
DISCUSSION
This involves promoting evidence-based treatment and support programs that address the physical,
mental, and social aspects of addiction, reducing stigma and creating a more supportive and equitable
society, promoting personal responsibility and accountability, and advocating for policies that prioritize
the health and well-being of individuals struggling with addiction.
While addressing substance abuse disorder can be a challenging and complex issue, with the right
resources, support, and commitment, individuals can overcome addiction and build a healthier, more
fulfilling life in recovery. By working together as a community to address substance abuse disorder, we
can create a brighter future for all individuals and reduce the impact of addiction on our society as a
whole.
It's important to recognize that recovery from substance abuse disorder is a lifelong journey that
requires ongoing support and dedication. Even after achieving sobriety, individuals may experience
setbacks or challenges that require additional support and treatment. It's important for individuals in
recovery to have access to ongoing support and resources, such as counseling, support groups, and peer
networks.
Furthermore, it's important for families and loved ones of individuals in recovery to receive support and
education about addiction and the recovery process. This can help promote a more supportive and
understanding environment for individuals in recovery and reduce the risk of relapse.
In conclusion, addressing substance abuse disorder is a complex issue that requires a comprehensive
and compassionate approach. By focusing on prevention, early intervention, ongoing support,
addressing underlying factors, reducing stigma, promoting personal responsibility and accountability,
advocating for evidence-based treatment and policies that address social determinants of health, and
providing ongoing support for individuals in recovery and their families, we can reduce the impact of
addiction on individuals and society and promote long-term recovery and wellness.
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Finally, it's important to recognize that substance abuse disorder is not a moral failing or a lack of
willpower, but a chronic disease that requires medical attention and ongoing care. Individuals struggling
with addiction should not be stigmatized or discriminated against, but instead, should be met with
compassion, understanding, and support.
It's also important to recognize that substance abuse disorder affects individuals of all ages, genders,
races, and socioeconomic backgrounds. Addressing substance abuse disorder requires a commitment to
equity and addressing the root causes of addiction, including poverty, trauma, and social inequities.
By working together as a community to address substance abuse disorder, we can promote a more
supportive and understanding society, reduce the impact of addiction on individuals and families, and
promote long-term recovery and wellness.
Overall, addressing substance abuse disorder requires a multi-faceted and collaborative approach that
involves individuals, families, communities, and policymakers. By promoting prevention, early
intervention, ongoing support, addressing underlying factors, reducing stigma, promoting personal
responsibility and accountability, advocating for evidence-based treatment and policies that address
social determinants of health, and providing ongoing support for individuals in recovery and their
families, we can reduce the impact of addiction on individuals and society and promote long-term
recovery and wellness.
It's important to recognize that addiction is a complex issue that affects individuals in different ways,
and there is no one-size-fits-all solution. Treatment and recovery plans should be tailored to the
individual's unique needs and circumstances, and should involve a range of evidence-based approaches
that address the physical, mental, and social aspects of addiction.
DISCUSSION
Finally, it's important for individuals struggling with addiction to know that recovery is
possible, and that there is hope for a brighter future. By seeking support, making a
commitment to recovery, and working together as a community to address substance
abuse disorder, we can build a more compassionate and equitable society that
promotes health, wellness, and healing for all individuals.
The patient is experiencing withdrawal symptoms after his physician “cut” his dosage in half, has
been taking the substance not as directed and longer than prescribed (Lichtblau, 2011). The
patient’s symptoms are manifesting as sweating and panic attacks (Lichtblau, 2011). In addition, the
patient participates in binge drinking, uses other illicit drugs, and has used his wife’s Klonopin when
it was not prescribed to him. Opioids, benzodiazepines, and non-benzodiazepines carry a high risk
for dependence and should not be used in patients who have a history of a drug addiction (Nursing
2018 Drug Handbook, 2018 & Stahl, 2017). At this time, the patient will not be prescribed any
opioids, benzodiazepines, or non-benzodiazepines. Patient may become upset that the mediations
will not be refilled and may be an obstacle to treatment. The patient is also unware that he is abusing
both his medications and his wife’s medications which may be another barrier to the patient’s
treatment. Treatment options include inpatient substance abuse treatment, detoxification,
psychotherapy and the use of prescription medications to prevent withdrawal.
Axis I: Substance abuse, alcohol abuse
Axis II: Substance related disorder
Axis III: Diabetes, shortness of breath, hypertension, hx of three stints
Axis IV: None
Axis V: 40
Treatment Plan:
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The patient will not receive a prescription for any opioids, benzodiazepines, or non-benzodiazepines
at this time. The patient should be referred and admitted to an inpatient treatment facility in order to
help him detox from current opioid and benzodiazepine use. The patient will be started on 8mg of
buprenorphine on the first day of his treatment to help the effects of withdrawal (Stahl, 2017). On day
2 the patient will receive 12-16mg, and on days 3-7 the patient’s dose will be increased in
increments of 4mg to a maximum dosage of 32mg/day (Stahl, 2017). Prior to starting buprenorphine
and while taking the medication, the patient will have his liver function tests completed (Stahl, 2017).
One of the side effects include respiratory depression, so the patient should be in an inpatient
treatment facility to make sure he does not consume any alcohol, benzodiazepines or CNS
depressants, which may slow or stop his breathing (Nursing 2018 Drug Handbook, 2018). It is also
important to complete an EKG since the medication can cause prolonged QT syndrome (Nursing
2018 Drug Handbook, 2018). In addition to the medication regiment, the patient should participate in
cognitive behavioral therapy such as the community reinforcement approach (CRA) at a minimum of
2x weekly (Wheeler, 2014). The patient will be able to work on an analysis of his substance use,
social and recreation counseling, drug refusal training, relaxation training, behavioral skills training,
and reciprocal relationship training (Wheeler, 2014). It would also be beneficial for the patient to
participate in both individual and group therapy with his wife since she might be abusing her
medications as well, or enabling the patient. I would like to see the patient during his in treatment
stay within the first two days. I also believe that once the patient completes the program that it would
be beneficial for him to participate in partial treatment and have outpatient services set up (The
Recovery Village, 2019).
References
American Psychological Association. (2013).Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders.(5thed.). Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association.
Lichtblau, L. (2011). Psychopharmacology Demystified. Clifton Park, NY: Delmar, Cengage Learning
DISCUSSION
Nursing 2018 Drug Handbook (2018). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer
Stahl, S. M. (2017).Stahl’s Essential Psychopharmacology Prescriber’s Guide(6thed.). Cambridge,
United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press
The Recovery Village. (2019). Retrieved fromhttps://www.therecoveryvillage.com/treatment-
program/inpatient-rehab/#gref
Wheeler, K. (2014).Psychotherapy for the advanced practice psychiatric nurse: A how-to guide for
evidence-based practice(2nd ed.). New York, NY: Springer.
Sedative use among older adults leads to an increase in cognitive impairment, sedation, and falls (Conti,
Stanley, Amspoker, & Kunik, 2017).
Sedative use among older adults can lead to a number of negative health outcomes, including an
increased risk of falls, confusion, dizziness, and cognitive impairment. Sedatives can also have a negative
impact on the respiratory system, particularly if taken in combination with other medications or alcohol.
In addition to the physical risks associated with sedative use, older adults may also be at risk of
becoming dependent on these medications, which can lead to addiction and withdrawal symptoms.
Furthermore, sedative use can interact with other health conditions, such as sleep apnea and
depression, and can lead to adverse drug interactions with other medications the older adult may be
taking.
For these reasons, it is important for healthcare providers to carefully consider the risks and benefits of
sedative use among older adults and to monitor patients closely for any adverse effects. Non-
pharmacological interventions, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy and relaxation techniques, should
be considered as alternatives to sedative medications wherever possible.
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Some specific examples of sedative medications commonly used among older adults include
benzodiazepines and Z-drugs (such as zolpidem and eszopiclone) that are often prescribed to treat
insomnia and anxiety. These medications can be effective in the short term, but their long-term use can
lead to a range of health problems.
To reduce the risk of negative health outcomes, it is recommended that healthcare providers prescribe
sedatives at the lowest effective dose for the shortest possible duration. Patients should be monitored
regularly to assess their response to the medication, and any adverse effects should be reported to the
healthcare provider immediately.
Older adults who are prescribed sedatives should also be counseled on the importance of taking the
medication only as prescribed and avoiding alcohol or other sedatives while taking the medication. They
should also be advised on the potential risks associated with sedative use, including the risk of addiction
and withdrawal symptoms.
In summary, while sedative medications can be an effective treatment for certain conditions in older
adults, their use should be carefully monitored to avoid negative health outcomes. Healthcare providers
should weigh the risks and benefits of sedative use for each individual patient and consider non-
pharmacological interventions wherever possible.
In addition to medication management, there are other steps that can be taken to help reduce the risk
of negative outcomes associated with sedative use in older adults. For example, healthcare providers
can assess and address any underlying medical conditions that may be contributing to the patient's need
for sedatives, such as sleep apnea or chronic pain.
Providers can also work with patients to develop non-pharmacological approaches to manage
symptoms, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, exercise, and relaxation techniques. These
DISCUSSION
interventions can be particularly effective for managing insomnia and anxiety without the use of
sedatives.
It is also important to consider the social and environmental factors that may be contributing to the
patient's need for sedatives. For example, social isolation, financial stress, and living in an unsafe
environment can all contribute to anxiety and sleep disturbances. Addressing these factors can help
reduce the need for sedatives and improve overall health outcomes.
In conclusion, sedative use among older adults can lead to a range of negative health outcomes, and
healthcare providers should take steps to reduce the risks associated with these medications. This may
include careful medication management, non-pharmacological interventions, addressing underlying
medical conditions, and addressing social and environmental factors that may be contributing to the
patient's symptoms. By taking a comprehensive approach to care, healthcare providers can help
improve the health and well-being of older adults while minimizing the risks associated with sedative
use.
It is also important for older adults and their caregivers to be aware of the potential risks associated
with sedative use and to take steps to minimize these risks. This includes following the healthcare
provider's instructions for taking the medication, reporting any adverse effects to the healthcare
provider, and avoiding alcohol and other sedatives while taking the medication.
Older adults should also be encouraged to speak with their healthcare provider about non-
pharmacological approaches to managing symptoms, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy and
relaxation techniques. They should also be advised to adopt healthy sleep habits, such as maintaining a
consistent sleep schedule and avoiding stimulating activities before bedtime.
In addition, caregivers should be aware of the potential risks associated with sedative use and should
monitor the older adult for any adverse effects. They should also work with the healthcare provider to
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develop a comprehensive care plan that addresses the patient's medical, social, and environmental
needs.
Overall, sedative use among older adults is a complex issue that requires careful consideration of the
risks and benefits of these medications. By taking a comprehensive approach to care and working closely
with healthcare providers, older adults and their caregivers can help reduce the risk of negative health
outcomes associated with sedative use while improving overall health and well-being.
Finally, it is important to note that sedative use among older adults is a public health concern that
requires ongoing research and policy interventions. In recent years, there has been growing recognition
of the potential risks associated with sedative use among older adults, and efforts have been made to
develop guidelines and educational resources to promote safe and appropriate use of these
medications.
Policy interventions have also been implemented to address the overuse and misuse of sedatives among
older adults, including efforts to increase the use of non-pharmacological interventions, improve
medication management practices, and promote safer prescribing practices.
By continuing to invest in research, education, and policy interventions, we can help reduce the risks
associated with sedative use among older adults and promote safe and effective approaches to
managing symptoms and improving health outcomes. This will require a collaborative effort among
healthcare providers, policymakers, researchers, and patients and their caregivers to address this
important public health concern.
Sedatives, also known as tranquilizers or hypnotics, are medications that slow down the central nervous
system and can produce a calming effect on the body. While sedatives can be useful in treating
DISCUSSION
conditions such as anxiety, insomnia, and seizures, there are also several disadvantages associated with
their use. Here are some of the potential disadvantages of sedatives:
1. Addiction: Sedatives can be highly addictive and can lead to physical dependence with
prolonged use. Abruptly stopping use of sedatives can cause withdrawal symptoms, which can
be severe.
2. Impaired cognitive function: Sedatives can impair cognitive function, including memory,
attention, and reaction time. This can affect a person's ability to perform tasks that require
concentration and alertness, such as driving a car or operating machinery.
3. Drowsiness and fatigue: Sedatives can cause drowsiness and fatigue, which can interfere with
daily activities and reduce productivity. In some cases, sedatives can also cause excessive
sleepiness, which can be dangerous if the person needs to stay awake and alert.
4. Respiratory depression: Sedatives can suppress breathing, especially if taken in high doses or
combined with other medications that also suppress breathing. This can be dangerous,
especially for people with respiratory problems.
5. Interaction with other medications: Sedatives can interact with other medications, including
prescription drugs, over-the-counter medications, and herbal supplements. These interactions
can lead to unexpected side effects or reduce the effectiveness of other medications.
6. Risk of overdose: Sedatives can be dangerous if taken in excessive amounts, especially when
combined with other drugs or alcohol. Overdose can lead to respiratory depression, coma, and
even death.
7. Negative impact on mental health: Sedatives can worsen symptoms of depression, anxiety, and
other mental health conditions, especially if used over a long period of time.
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It is important to use sedatives only as prescribed by a healthcare professional and to follow all
instructions for use carefully. If you are experiencing any of these disadvantages, you should talk to your
healthcare provider as soon as possible.
This patient presents with polysubstance use which is more common in the United States versus
a single substance use disorder (McCabe, West, Jutkiewicz, & Boyd, 2017). This undermines the
importance for screening for all substances rather than just what a patient presents reporting.
Drug-related emergency department (ED) visits have steadily increased, with substance users
relying heavily on the ED for medical care. The present study aims to identify clinical correlates
of problematic drug use that would facilitate identification of ED patients in need of substance
use treatment.
Studies have shown that drug-using individuals are more likely to use the emergency department
(ED) for their medical care and are more likely to require hospitalization than their non–drug-
using counterparts.66The Drug Abuse Warning Network, a public health surveillance system that
monitors drug-related morbidity and mortality, estimated that of the 5.1 million drug-related ED
visits nationwide in 2011, 2.5 million visits were directly related to use of illicit substances,
nonmedical use of pharmaceuticals, or a combination of these. In 2008, the total annual cost of
illicit drug use (excluding tobacco and alcohol) was calculated at $151.4 billion. Not inclusive of
substance use treatment, medical care costs alone accounted for $5.4 billion of the total annual
cost.
Although numerous studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of SBIRT in reducing high-risk
alcohol use, associated injury recidivism, and driving under the influence, 6its effectiveness in
DISCUSSION
addressing problematic drug use remains to be definitively demonstrated, though preliminary
studies in ED populations show promise.
References:
Conti, E., Stanley, M., Amspoker, A., & Kunik, M,. (2017). Sedative-Hypnotic Use Among
Older Adults Participating in Anxiety Research.6International Journal of Aging & Human
Development,685(1), 3–17.6https://doi.org/10.1177/0091415016685330
McCabe, S. E., West, B. T., Jutkiewicz, E. M., & Boyd, C. J. (2017). Multiple DSM-5 substance
use disorders: A national study of US adults.6Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and
Experimental, (5).6https://doi.org/10.1002/hup.2625
Sean, I agree with you that Patient may become upset that the mediations will not be
refilled and may be an obstacle to treatment. The patient is also unwaring that he is
abusing both his medications and his wife’s medications which may be another barrier to
the patient’s treatment. Treatment options include inpatient substance abuse treatment,
detoxification, psychotherapy and the use of prescription medications to prevent
withdrawal.
Benzodiazepines!are a class of drugs primarily used for treating!anxiety, but they also are
effective!in!treating several other conditions. The exact mechanism of action of
benzodiazepines is not known, but they appear to work by affecting neurotransmitters in
the!brain, chemicals that nerves release in order to communicate with other nearby nerves.
One of these neurotransmitters is gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA),
a!neurotransmitter!that suppresses the activity of nerves. Scientists believe that excessive
activity of nerves may be the cause of anxiety and other psychological disorders, and
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benzodiazepines reduce the activity of nerves in the brain and!spinal cord!by enhancing the
effects of GABA.
All benzodiazepines can cause physical dependence. Suddenly stopping!therapy!after a few
months of daily therapy may be associated with!withdrawal symptoms!which include a
feeling of loss of self-worth, agitation, and insomnia. If benzodiazepines are taken
continuously for longer than a few months, stopping therapy suddenly may produce
seizures,!tremors, muscle cramping, vomiting, and!sweating. In order to avoid withdrawal
symptoms, the dose of benzodiazepines should be tapered slowly. All benzodiazepines
cause excessive sedation when combined with other medications that slow the brain's
processes (for example, alcohol, barbiturates, narcotics, and tranquilizers).!
All benzodiazepines have the potential to cause physical dependence, which can lead to withdrawal
symptoms when the medication is stopped abruptly or tapered too quickly. Benzodiazepines work by
enhancing the activity of a neurotransmitter called GABA in the brain, which can produce calming effects
and reduce anxiety. However, over time, the brain can adapt to the presence of benzodiazepines and
become less responsive to GABA, leading to tolerance and the need for higher doses to achieve the
same effect. This process can eventually result in physical dependence, where the body requires the
drug to function normally. It is important to use benzodiazepines only as directed by a healthcare
professional and to avoid sudden discontinuation or abrupt dosage changes to minimize the risk of
physical dependence and withdrawal symptoms.
In addition to the risk of physical dependence, benzodiazepines also have other potential side effects,
such as drowsiness, dizziness, confusion, impaired coordination, and memory problems. These effects
can be particularly concerning for older adults, who may be more sensitive to the effects of
benzodiazepines and may be at higher risk for falls and other accidents.
DISCUSSION
Because of the potential risks associated with benzodiazepines, they are generally recommended for
short-term use only, typically no longer than a few weeks. In some cases, benzodiazepines may be used
for longer periods of time, such as in the treatment of certain anxiety disorders, but this requires careful
monitoring and regular evaluation by a healthcare professional.
Overall, while benzodiazepines can be an effective treatment for certain conditions, it is important to
use them judiciously and under the guidance of a healthcare professional to minimize the risk of physical
dependence and other potential side effects.
In addition to the potential risks associated with benzodiazepine use, there are also some important
considerations when it comes to discontinuing these medications. Abruptly stopping benzodiazepines
can lead to withdrawal symptoms, which can include anxiety, insomnia, tremors, sweating, and seizures
in severe cases. Therefore, it is important to taper off benzodiazepines gradually under the guidance of a
healthcare professional to minimize the risk of withdrawal symptoms.
There are also other treatments available for conditions that benzodiazepines are commonly used to
treat, such as anxiety and insomnia. These treatments may include therapy, such as cognitive behavioral
therapy (CBT), as well as other medications, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) for
anxiety or non-benzodiazepine hypnotics for insomnia. These alternatives may be preferable for some
individuals who are concerned about the risks associated with benzodiazepine use.
In summary, while benzodiazepines can be effective treatments for certain conditions, they carry a risk
of physical dependence and other potential side effects. Therefore, it is important to use them only as
directed by a healthcare professional and to consider alternative treatments when appropriate. If you
are concerned about your use of benzodiazepines, it is important to discuss your concerns with your
healthcare provider to determine the best course of action for your individual situation.
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In addition to the risks and considerations discussed above, there are also certain populations who may
be at increased risk of harm from benzodiazepines. For example, pregnant women should generally
avoid benzodiazepines due to the risk of birth defects and developmental delays in the fetus. Older
adults may also be at increased risk of harm from benzodiazepines due to the potential for falls and
other accidents, as well as the increased risk of cognitive impairment and delirium.
It is also important to note that some benzodiazepines have a higher risk of abuse and addiction than
others. For example, alprazolam (Xanax) and lorazepam (Ativan) are often considered to have a higher
risk of abuse and addiction than some other benzodiazepines, such as diazepam (Valium). Therefore, it is
important to carefully consider the risks and benefits of each medication before prescribing or using
them.
Finally, it is important to be aware of the potential for drug interactions with benzodiazepines,
particularly with other medications that depress the central nervous system, such as opioids or alcohol.
These combinations can increase the risk of respiratory depression and overdose, which can be life-
threatening.
In summary, while benzodiazepines can be effective treatments for certain conditions, they carry a
number of potential risks and considerations that should be carefully evaluated before use. It is
important to work closely with a healthcare professional when using these medications to minimize the
risk of harm and to carefully consider alternative treatments when appropriate.
In addition to the risks and considerations discussed above, it is also important to be aware of the
potential for misuse and abuse of benzodiazepines. Benzodiazepines can produce feelings of relaxation
and euphoria, which can lead some individuals to use them recreationally or in higher doses than
prescribed. This can increase the risk of addiction and overdose.
DISCUSSION
If you or someone you know is struggling with benzodiazepine misuse or addiction, it is important to
seek help as soon as possible. Treatment for benzodiazepine addiction may involve a combination of
therapy, medication-assisted treatment, and support groups. It is important to work closely with a
healthcare professional and to follow a carefully designed treatment plan to achieve the best possible
outcome.
Finally, it is important to be aware of the potential for counterfeit or illegally obtained benzodiazepines.
These products may be sold online or on the street and can be particularly dangerous due to unknown
potency and potential for contamination with other substances. It is important to obtain
benzodiazepines only from a licensed pharmacy with a valid prescription from a healthcare professional.
In summary, while benzodiazepines can be effective treatments for certain conditions, they carry a
number of potential risks and considerations that should be carefully evaluated before use. It is
important to work closely with a healthcare professional when using these medications and to seek help
if you or someone you know is struggling with benzodiazepine misuse or addiction.
In conclusion, benzodiazepines are a class of medications that can be effective treatments for certain
conditions, such as anxiety and insomnia. However, they also carry a number of potential risks and
considerations that should be carefully evaluated before use. These include the risk of physical
dependence, potential side effects, the need for careful tapering when discontinuing use, and the
potential for misuse and abuse.
It is important to use benzodiazepines only as directed by a healthcare professional and to carefully
consider alternative treatments when appropriate. It is also important to be aware of the potential for
drug interactions and to avoid counterfeit or illegally obtained benzodiazepines. If you are concerned
about your use of benzodiazepines or are struggling with benzodiazepine misuse or addiction, it is
important to seek help from a healthcare professional as soon as possible.
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Overall, the use of benzodiazepines should be approached with caution and with careful consideration
of the potential risks and benefits. Working closely with a healthcare professional and following a
carefully designed treatment plan can help to minimize the risk of harm and achieve the best possible
outcome.
Additionally, it is important to note that the use of benzodiazepines should be carefully evaluated in
individuals with a history of substance abuse or addiction. Benzodiazepines have a high potential for
abuse and addiction, and individuals with a history of substance abuse may be at increased risk of
misuse or addiction to benzodiazepines. In these cases, alternative treatments may be more
appropriate.
Furthermore, benzodiazepines should not be used as a first-line treatment for anxiety or insomnia,
especially for long-term management. Other treatments, such as therapy or non-benzodiazepine
medications, should be considered first. Benzodiazepines may be appropriate for short-term use or in
cases where other treatments have not been effective, but careful monitoring and evaluation is
necessary to minimize the risk of harm.
Lastly, it is important to be aware of the potential for tolerance to develop with prolonged use of
benzodiazepines. This means that over time, higher doses may be needed to achieve the same effect.
Tolerance can increase the risk of physical dependence and addiction, and it is important to monitor use
closely and consider alternative treatments if tolerance develops.
In summary, the use of benzodiazepines should be carefully evaluated in individuals with a history of
substance abuse or addiction, and they should not be used as a first-line treatment for anxiety or
insomnia. Careful monitoring and evaluation is necessary to minimize the risk of harm, and alternative
treatments should be considered when appropriate. If you are concerned about your use of
DISCUSSION
benzodiazepines or are struggling with addiction, it is important to seek help from a healthcare
professional as soon as possible.
References:
Nursing 2018 Drug Handbook (2018). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer
Stahl, S. M. (2017).!Stahl’s Essential Psychopharmacology Prescriber’s Guide!(6th!ed.).
Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press
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