Running head: ESSAY #1 1
Essay #1
JURI 510 Introduction to Legal Systems and Research
Liberty University
ESSAY #1 2
The text describes the Talmud legal tradition as “the most important single element in
the bran-tub of Jewish legal tradition.” It goes on to say that the Talmud “has no equivalent in
other legal traditions.” It is possibly the oldest legal tradition in the world, second only to
chthonic law. It is also evident that the fact that the Jewish people have maintained their
identity for thousands of years, is largely due in part to Talmudic law. “For I command you today
to love the Lord your God, to walk in obedience to him, and to keep his commands, decrees and
laws; then you will live and increase, and the Lord your God will bless you in the land you are
entering to possess.” Deuteronomy 30:16
Is the Talmudic legal tradition a religious legal system? The short answer to this question
is yes. Talmud law finds its roots in the word of God, particularly in the first four books of the
Old Testament; Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy. Talmud law made no
distinction between religious and secular law, therefore it conformed to the general custom of
ancient peoples, especially those in the East. One result of this lack of distinction was the wide
range and close articulation of the Talmudic system. This resulted from the fact that the
commandments of religion influenced secular law, and modified civil relations since any
infraction of them was punishable. It is extremely difficult, therefore, to with clarity
differentiate between religious and secular law. Talmud law differs from other systems of
jurisprudence due to its “all-inclusive” character. It is not confined to the realm of social norms
or relations. It seeks to pursue and ultimately implement the entire specter of values which are
taught in
Judaism, whether those values are derived from religion or morality.
While Talmudic law was not born out of the commandments given to Moses by God, it
was most certainly strengthened and reaffirmed by the Ten Commandments. Talmudic law
recognizes two general, yet specific categories of value. One is the duties which are derived
from man's relationship to God; the other is duties which are derived from man's relationship to
others. The laws dealing with man's relationship to God are, in fact, the implementation of
ESSAY #1 3
Jewish teachings of theology. They are there to strengthen and affirm man’s relationship with
God. In terms of man’s relationship with others, the way that wealth and business is viewed is a
good example. Talmudic law generally looked favorable at business and acquiring wealth. In
fact, many Talmudic sages had occupations and some were quite wealthy. What was most
important was that wealth and riches should be acquired honestly and used to help the poor,
the needy, and just as importantly, used to help strangers.
The Talmud is divided into six general sections, referred to as Sedarim or “orders.” They
are:
• Zera’im or “Seeds” deal with agricultural laws and also deal with laws regarding
blessings and prayers.
• Mo’ed or “Festival” deals with laws surrounding holidays.
• Nashim or “Women” deals with the issue of marriage and divorce.
• Nezikin or “Damages” deals with civil and criminal law, along with ethics.
• Kodashim or “Holy Things” deals with laws regarding sacrifices, the Temple, and
various dietary laws.
• Taharot or “Purities” covers laws of ritual purity.
The question as to whether this legal tradition has allowed the Jewish people to
maintain their identity is an interesting one to answer. In the simplest of terms, a person born
to a Jewish mother is a Jew. Likewise, if a person converts to Judaism, he or she is a Jew.
Unfortunately it is a little more complex to explain the identity of the Jewish people. The Jewish
people have been nomadic throughout their existence to say the least. As a people they have
“expelled” from numerous countries over their history; England, Germany, Italy, and Spain to
name a few. Even the land promised to them by God is difficult to call home due to the due to
the instability caused by others (namely the Palestinians) claiming it as their own. With the
uncertainty of a geographic identity, Talmudic law fills the space providing Jews with a strong
sense of identity.
ESSAY #1 4
The Jewish people came into existence through their belief structure and covenants that
they make amongst themselves long before they had a “land” to call their own. It is unfortunate
that their nomadic history has caused them to rely on Talmudic tradition to define their identity,
but it can certainly be said that its impact is strengthened because of it.
In the absence of a geographic identity, the tradition and law of the Talmudic have
allowed the Jewish people to preserve and maintain their identity for generations past and for
generations to come. They have been enslaved and oppressed for much of their existence. This
is why Jews recite the following covenant at every Passover. “This is that which has stood for
our forefathers and for us. For not one alone has stood against us to destroy us. Rather, in every
generation they stand against us to wipe us out. But the Holy One, blessed be He, saves us from
their hand.” It was with that covenant, Abraham was also told that his children would first be
“strangers in a land not their own” where they would be subjected to years of slavery and
oppression. It is hard to imagine that Talmudic law will ever cease to be a vital source of
identity for those who call themselves a Jew.
The text laments that while it was influenced by other models (Roman as an example),
Talmudic law itself has been highly influential in the formation of western law. Its impact can be
seen in civil and criminal law, as well as commercial law construction. An examination of the Bill
of Rights in the US Constitution revels the influence Talmudic law and thought. Talmudic law is
heavily in examples of “rights” just as the Bill of Rights (as its name dictates) lays out the
inalienable rights of man given to him by God. The second president of the United States, John
Adams was quoted as having said “The Jews have done more to civilize men than any other
nation....They are the most glorious Nation that ever inhabited the earth. The Romans and their
Empire were but a bauble in comparison to the Jews. They have given religion to three-quarters
of the Globe and have influenced the affairs of Mankind more, and more happily than any other
ESSAY #1 5
Nation, ancient or modern.”
Another area of influence can be found in the structure if the United States Congress.
The Jewish people were made of tribes and had leaders of those tribes. Contrast that with the
states that constitute America having leaders (Senators) of each state (tribe). Furthermore
Deuteronomy 1:13 describes what can arguably be an influential catalyst for the creation of the
House of Representatives, “Select for yourselves men who are wise, understanding, and known
to your tribes and I will appoint them as your leaders.” George Washington said at his farewell
address; "Of all the dispositions and habits which lead to political prosperity, Religion and
morality are indispensable supports. Whatever may be conceded to the influence of refined
education on minds of peculiar structure, reason and experience both forbid us to expect that
National morality can prevail in the exclusion of religious principle."
It is no secret that the Founding Fathers were religious men and their personal beliefs
greatly influenced the words that are included in the Constitution as well as the Declaration of
Independence (and many other writings as well). Even if a country considered itself to be
entirely secular, it would be nearly impossible to avoid the fingerprints of God on whatever laws
they would inevitably create (that is if they planned on having a shred of morality in their laws).
To imagine that any set of laws that would have the best interest in the people they would effect
not having the influence of God in them, seems entirely impossible.
As the text states, Talmudic law does not mandate that it is to be “universalized.”
Regardless of that, it has much to offer to the world whether of the Jewish faith or not. The
Jewish people have overcome obstacles of all shapes and sizes throughout their existence.
Their grounding and adherence to Talmudic law and tradition has carried them throughout.
God made a covenant with the Jewish people and they are his “chosen people.” He provided
them with the Talmudic and that in and of itself should be sufficient to give both Jew and
Gentile reason enough to have appreciation for what it says to all.
ESSAY #1 6
While Talmudic law was not born out of the commandments given to Moses by God, it
was most certainly strengthened and reaffirmed by the Ten Commandments. Talmudic law
recognizes two general, yet specific categories of value. One is the duties which are derived
from man's relationship to God; the other is duties which are derived from man's relationship to
others. The laws dealing with man's relationship to God are, in fact, the implementation of
Jewish teachings of theology. They are there to strengthen and affirm man’s relationship with
God. In terms of man’s relationship with others, the way that wealth and business is viewed is a
good example. Talmudic law generally looked favorable at business and acquiring wealth. In
fact, many Talmudic sages had occupations and some were quite wealthy. What was most
important was that wealth and riches should be acquired honestly and used to help the poor,
the needy, and just as importantly, used to help strangers.
The Talmud is divided into six general sections, referred to as Sedarim or “orders.” They
are:
• Zera’im or “Seeds” deal with agricultural laws and also deal with laws regarding
blessings and prayers.
• Mo’ed or “Festival” deals with laws surrounding holidays.
• Nashim or “Women” deals with the issue of marriage and divorce.
• Nezikin or “Damages” deals with civil and criminal law, along with ethics.
• Kodashim or “Holy Things” deals with laws regarding sacrifices, the Temple, and
various dietary laws.
• Taharot or “Purities” covers laws of ritual purity.
The question as to whether this legal tradition has allowed the Jewish people to
maintain their identity is an interesting one to answer. In the simplest of terms, a person born
to a Jewish mother is a Jew. Likewise, if a person converts to Judaism, he or she is a Jew.
Unfortunately it is a little more complex to explain the identity of the Jewish people. The Jewish
people have been nomadic throughout their existence to say the least. As a people they have
ESSAY #1 7
“expelled” from numerous countries over their history; England, Germany, Italy, and Spain to
name a few. Even the land promised to them by God is difficult to call home due to the due to
the instability caused by others (namely the Palestinians) claiming it as their own. With the
uncertainty of a geographic identity, Talmudic law fills the space providing Jews with a strong
sense of identity.
The Jewish people came into existence through their belief structure and covenants that
they make amongst themselves long before they had a “land” to call their own. It is unfortunate
that their nomadic history has caused them to rely on Talmudic tradition to define their identity,
but it can certainly be said that its impact is strengthened because of it.
In the absence of a geographic identity, the tradition and law of the Talmudic have
allowed the Jewish people to preserve and maintain their identity for generations past and for
generations to come. They have been enslaved and oppressed for much of their existence. This
is why Jews recite the following covenant at every Passover. “This is that which has stood for
our forefathers and for us. For not one alone has stood against us to destroy us. Rather, in every
generation they stand against us to wipe us out. But the Holy One, blessed be He, saves us from
their hand.” It was with that covenant, Abraham was also told that his children would first be
“strangers in a land not their own” where they would be subjected to years of slavery and
oppression. It is hard to imagine that Talmudic law will ever cease to be a vital source of
identity for those who call themselves a Jew.
The text laments that while it was influenced by other models (Roman as an example),
Talmudic law itself has been highly influential in the formation of western law. Its impact can be
seen in civil and criminal law, as well as commercial law construction. An examination of the Bill
of Rights in the US Constitution revels the influence Talmudic law and thought. Talmudic law is
heavily in examples of “rights” just as the Bill of Rights (as its name dictates) lays out the
inalienable rights of man given to him by God. The second president of the United States, John
Adams was quoted as having said “The Jews have done more to civilize men than any other
nation....They are the most glorious Nation that ever inhabited the earth. The Romans and their
ESSAY #1 8
Empire were but a bauble in comparison to the Jews. They have given religion to three-quarters
of the Globe and have influenced the affairs of Mankind more, and more happily than any other
Nation, ancient or modern.”
Another area of influence can be found in the structure if the United States Congress.
The Jewish people were made of tribes and had leaders of those tribes. Contrast that with the
states that constitute America having leaders (Senators) of each state (tribe). Furthermore
Deuteronomy 1:13 describes what can arguably be an influential catalyst for the creation of the
House of Representatives, “Select for yourselves men who are wise, understanding, and known
to your tribes and I will appoint them as your leaders.” George Washington said at his farewell
address; "Of all the dispositions and habits which lead to political prosperity, Religion and
morality are indispensable supports. Whatever may be conceded to the influence of refined
education on minds of peculiar structure, reason and experience both forbid us to expect that
National morality can prevail in the exclusion of religious principle."
It is no secret that the Founding Fathers were religious men and their personal beliefs
greatly influenced the words that are included in the Constitution as well as the Declaration of
Independence (and many other writings as well). Even if a country considered itself to be
entirely secular, it would be nearly impossible to avoid the fingerprints of God on whatever laws
they would inevitably create (that is if they planned on having a shred of morality in their laws).
To imagine that any set of laws that would have the best interest in the people they would effect
not having the influence of God in them, seems entirely impossible.
As the text states, Talmudic law does not mandate that it is to be “universalized.”
Regardless of that, it has much to offer to the world whether of the Jewish faith or not. The
Jewish people have overcome obstacles of all shapes and sizes throughout their existence.
Their grounding and adherence to Talmudic law and tradition has carried them throughout.
God made a covenant with the Jewish people and they are his “chosen people.” He provided
them with the Talmudic and that in and of itself should be sufficient to give both Jew and
Gentile reason enough to have appreciation for what it says to all.
ESSAY #1 9
While Talmudic law was not born out of the commandments given to Moses by God, it
was most certainly strengthened and reaffirmed by the Ten Commandments. Talmudic law
recognizes two general, yet specific categories of value. One is the duties which are derived
from man's relationship to God; the other is duties which are derived from man's relationship to
others. The laws dealing with man's relationship to God are, in fact, the implementation of
Jewish teachings of theology. They are there to strengthen and affirm man’s relationship with
God. In terms of man’s relationship with others, the way that wealth and business is viewed is a
good example. Talmudic law generally looked favorable at business and acquiring wealth. In
fact, many Talmudic sages had occupations and some were quite wealthy. What was most
important was that wealth and riches should be acquired honestly and used to help the poor,
the needy, and just as importantly, used to help strangers.
The Talmud is divided into six general sections, referred to as Sedarim or “orders.” They
are:
• Zera’im or “Seeds” deal with agricultural laws and also deal with laws regarding
blessings and prayers.
• Mo’ed or “Festival” deals with laws surrounding holidays.
• Nashim or “Women” deals with the issue of marriage and divorce.
• Nezikin or “Damages” deals with civil and criminal law, along with ethics.
• Kodashim or “Holy Things” deals with laws regarding sacrifices, the Temple, and
various dietary laws.
• Taharot or “Purities” covers laws of ritual purity.
The question as to whether this legal tradition has allowed the Jewish people to
maintain their identity is an interesting one to answer. In the simplest of terms, a person born
to a Jewish mother is a Jew. Likewise, if a person converts to Judaism, he or she is a Jew.
Unfortunately it is a little more complex to explain the identity of the Jewish people. The Jewish
people have been nomadic throughout their existence to say the least. As a people they have
ESSAY #1 10
“expelled” from numerous countries over their history; England, Germany, Italy, and Spain to
name a few. Even the land promised to them by God is difficult to call home due to the due to
the instability caused by others (namely the Palestinians) claiming it as their own. With the
uncertainty of a geographic identity, Talmudic law fills the space providing Jews with a strong
sense of identity.
The Jewish people came into existence through their belief structure and covenants that
they make amongst themselves long before they had a “land” to call their own. It is unfortunate
that their nomadic history has caused them to rely on Talmudic tradition to define their identity,
but it can certainly be said that its impact is strengthened because of it.
In the absence of a geographic identity, the tradition and law of the Talmudic have
allowed the Jewish people to preserve and maintain their identity for generations past and for
generations to come. They have been enslaved and oppressed for much of their existence. This
is why Jews recite the following covenant at every Passover. “This is that which has stood for
our forefathers and for us. For not one alone has stood against us to destroy us. Rather, in every
generation they stand against us to wipe us out. But the Holy One, blessed be He, saves us from
their hand.” It was with that covenant, Abraham was also told that his children would first be
“strangers in a land not their own” where they would be subjected to years of slavery and
oppression. It is hard to imagine that Talmudic law will ever cease to be a vital source of
identity for those who call themselves a Jew.
The text laments that while it was influenced by other models (Roman as an example),
Talmudic law itself has been highly influential in the formation of western law. Its impact can be
seen in civil and criminal law, as well as commercial law construction. An examination of the Bill
of Rights in the US Constitution revels the influence Talmudic law and thought. Talmudic law is
heavily in examples of “rights” just as the Bill of Rights (as its name dictates) lays out the
inalienable rights of man given to him by God. The second president of the United States, John
Adams was quoted as having said “The Jews have done more to civilize men than any other
nation....They are the most glorious Nation that ever inhabited the earth. The Romans and their
ESSAY #1 11
Empire were but a bauble in comparison to the Jews. They have given religion to three-quarters
of the Globe and have influenced the affairs of Mankind more, and more happily than any other
Nation, ancient or modern.”
Another area of influence can be found in the structure if the United States Congress.
The Jewish people were made of tribes and had leaders of those tribes. Contrast that with the
states that constitute America having leaders (Senators) of each state (tribe). Furthermore
Deuteronomy 1:13 describes what can arguably be an influential catalyst for the creation of the
House of Representatives, “Select for yourselves men who are wise, understanding, and known
to your tribes and I will appoint them as your leaders.” George Washington said at his farewell
address; "Of all the dispositions and habits which lead to political prosperity, Religion and
morality are indispensable supports. Whatever may be conceded to the influence of refined
education on minds of peculiar structure, reason and experience both forbid us to expect that
National morality can prevail in the exclusion of religious principle."
It is no secret that the Founding Fathers were religious men and their personal beliefs
greatly influenced the words that are included in the Constitution as well as the Declaration of
Independence (and many other writings as well). Even if a country considered itself to be
entirely secular, it would be nearly impossible to avoid the fingerprints of God on whatever laws
they would inevitably create (that is if they planned on having a shred of morality in their laws).
To imagine that any set of laws that would have the best interest in the people they would effect
not having the influence of God in them, seems entirely impossible.
As the text states, Talmudic law does not mandate that it is to be “universalized.”
Regardless of that, it has much to offer to the world whether of the Jewish faith or not. The
Jewish people have overcome obstacles of all shapes and sizes throughout their existence.
Their grounding and adherence to Talmudic law and tradition has carried them throughout.
God made a covenant with the Jewish people and they are his “chosen people.” He provided
them with the Talmudic and that in and of itself should be sufficient to give both Jew and
Gentile reason enough to have appreciation for what it says to all.
ESSAY #1 12
While Talmudic law was not born out of the commandments given to Moses by God, it
was most certainly strengthened and reaffirmed by the Ten Commandments. Talmudic law
recognizes two general, yet specific categories of value. One is the duties which are derived
from man's relationship to God; the other is duties which are derived from man's relationship to
others. The laws dealing with man's relationship to God are, in fact, the implementation of
Jewish teachings of theology. They are there to strengthen and affirm man’s relationship with
God. In terms of man’s relationship with others, the way that wealth and business is viewed is a
good example. Talmudic law generally looked favorable at business and acquiring wealth. In
fact, many Talmudic sages had occupations and some were quite wealthy. What was most
important was that wealth and riches should be acquired honestly and used to help the poor,
the needy, and just as importantly, used to help strangers.
The Talmud is divided into six general sections, referred to as Sedarim or “orders.” They
are:
• Zera’im or “Seeds” deal with agricultural laws and also deal with laws regarding
blessings and prayers.
• Mo’ed or “Festival” deals with laws surrounding holidays.
• Nashim or “Women” deals with the issue of marriage and divorce.
• Nezikin or “Damages” deals with civil and criminal law, along with ethics.
• Kodashim or “Holy Things” deals with laws regarding sacrifices, the Temple, and
various dietary laws.
• Taharot or “Purities” covers laws of ritual purity.
The question as to whether this legal tradition has allowed the Jewish people to
maintain their identity is an interesting one to answer. In the simplest of terms, a person born
to a Jewish mother is a Jew. Likewise, if a person converts to Judaism, he or she is a Jew.
Unfortunately it is a little more complex to explain the identity of the Jewish people. The Jewish
people have been nomadic throughout their existence to say the least. As a people they have
ESSAY #1 13
“expelled” from numerous countries over their history; England, Germany, Italy, and Spain to
name a few. Even the land promised to them by God is difficult to call home due to the due to
the instability caused by others (namely the Palestinians) claiming it as their own. With the
uncertainty of a geographic identity, Talmudic law fills the space providing Jews with a strong
sense of identity.
The Jewish people came into existence through their belief structure and covenants that
they make amongst themselves long before they had a “land” to call their own. It is unfortunate
that their nomadic history has caused them to rely on Talmudic tradition to define their identity,
but it can certainly be said that its impact is strengthened because of it.
In the absence of a geographic identity, the tradition and law of the Talmudic have
allowed the Jewish people to preserve and maintain their identity for generations past and for
generations to come. They have been enslaved and oppressed for much of their existence. This
is why Jews recite the following covenant at every Passover. “This is that which has stood for
our forefathers and for us. For not one alone has stood against us to destroy us. Rather, in every
generation they stand against us to wipe us out. But the Holy One, blessed be He, saves us from
their hand.” It was with that covenant, Abraham was also told that his children would first be
“strangers in a land not their own” where they would be subjected to years of slavery and
oppression. It is hard to imagine that Talmudic law will ever cease to be a vital source of
identity for those who call themselves a Jew.
The text laments that while it was influenced by other models (Roman as an example),
Talmudic law itself has been highly influential in the formation of western law. Its impact can be
seen in civil and criminal law, as well as commercial law construction. An examination of the Bill
of Rights in the US Constitution revels the influence Talmudic law and thought. Talmudic law is
heavily in examples of “rights” just as the Bill of Rights (as its name dictates) lays out the
inalienable rights of man given to him by God. The second president of the United States, John
Adams was quoted as having said “The Jews have done more to civilize men than any other
nation....They are the most glorious Nation that ever inhabited the earth. The Romans and their
ESSAY #1 14
Empire were but a bauble in comparison to the Jews. They have given religion to three-quarters
of the Globe and have influenced the affairs of Mankind more, and more happily than any other
Nation, ancient or modern.”
Another area of influence can be found in the structure if the United States Congress.
The Jewish people were made of tribes and had leaders of those tribes. Contrast that with the
states that constitute America having leaders (Senators) of each state (tribe). Furthermore
Deuteronomy 1:13 describes what can arguably be an influential catalyst for the creation of the
House of Representatives, “Select for yourselves men who are wise, understanding, and known
to your tribes and I will appoint them as your leaders.” George Washington said at his farewell
address; "Of all the dispositions and habits which lead to political prosperity, Religion and
morality are indispensable supports. Whatever may be conceded to the influence of refined
education on minds of peculiar structure, reason and experience both forbid us to expect that
National morality can prevail in the exclusion of religious principle."
It is no secret that the Founding Fathers were religious men and their personal beliefs
greatly influenced the words that are included in the Constitution as well as the Declaration of
Independence (and many other writings as well). Even if a country considered itself to be
entirely secular, it would be nearly impossible to avoid the fingerprints of God on whatever laws
they would inevitably create (that is if they planned on having a shred of morality in their laws).
To imagine that any set of laws that would have the best interest in the people they would effect
not having the influence of God in them, seems entirely impossible.
As the text states, Talmudic law does not mandate that it is to be “universalized.”
Regardless of that, it has much to offer to the world whether of the Jewish faith or not. The
Jewish people have overcome obstacles of all shapes and sizes throughout their existence.
Their grounding and adherence to Talmudic law and tradition has carried them throughout.
God made a covenant with the Jewish people and they are his “chosen people.” He provided
them with the Talmudic and that in and of itself should be sufficient to give both Jew and
Gentile reason enough to have appreciation for what it says to all.
ESSAY #1 15
While Talmudic law was not born out of the commandments given to Moses by God, it
was most certainly strengthened and reaffirmed by the Ten Commandments. Talmudic law
recognizes two general, yet specific categories of value. One is the duties which are derived
from man's relationship to God; the other is duties which are derived from man's relationship to
others. The laws dealing with man's relationship to God are, in fact, the implementation of
Jewish teachings of theology. They are there to strengthen and affirm man’s relationship with
God. In terms of man’s relationship with others, the way that wealth and business is viewed is a
good example. Talmudic law generally looked favorable at business and acquiring wealth. In
fact, many Talmudic sages had occupations and some were quite wealthy. What was most
important was that wealth and riches should be acquired honestly and used to help the poor,
the needy, and just as importantly, used to help strangers.
The Talmud is divided into six general sections, referred to as Sedarim or “orders.” They
are:
• Zera’im or “Seeds” deal with agricultural laws and also deal with laws regarding
blessings and prayers.
• Mo’ed or “Festival” deals with laws surrounding holidays.
• Nashim or “Women” deals with the issue of marriage and divorce.
• Nezikin or “Damages” deals with civil and criminal law, along with ethics.
• Kodashim or “Holy Things” deals with laws regarding sacrifices, the Temple, and
various dietary laws.
• Taharot or “Purities” covers laws of ritual purity.
The question as to whether this legal tradition has allowed the Jewish people to
maintain their identity is an interesting one to answer. In the simplest of terms, a person born
to a Jewish mother is a Jew. Likewise, if a person converts to Judaism, he or she is a Jew.
Unfortunately it is a little more complex to explain the identity of the Jewish people. The Jewish
people have been nomadic throughout their existence to say the least. As a people they have
ESSAY #1 16
“expelled” from numerous countries over their history; England, Germany, Italy, and Spain to
name a few. Even the land promised to them by God is difficult to call home due to the due to
the instability caused by others (namely the Palestinians) claiming it as their own. With the
uncertainty of a geographic identity, Talmudic law fills the space providing Jews with a strong
sense of identity.
The Jewish people came into existence through their belief structure and covenants that
they make amongst themselves long before they had a “land” to call their own. It is unfortunate
that their nomadic history has caused them to rely on Talmudic tradition to define their identity,
but it can certainly be said that its impact is strengthened because of it.
In the absence of a geographic identity, the tradition and law of the Talmudic have
allowed the Jewish people to preserve and maintain their identity for generations past and for
generations to come. They have been enslaved and oppressed for much of their existence. This
is why Jews recite the following covenant at every Passover. “This is that which has stood for
our forefathers and for us. For not one alone has stood against us to destroy us. Rather, in every
generation they stand against us to wipe us out. But the Holy One, blessed be He, saves us from
their hand.” It was with that covenant, Abraham was also told that his children would first be
“strangers in a land not their own” where they would be subjected to years of slavery and
oppression. It is hard to imagine that Talmudic law will ever cease to be a vital source of
identity for those who call themselves a Jew.
The text laments that while it was influenced by other models (Roman as an example),
Talmudic law itself has been highly influential in the formation of western law. Its impact can be
seen in civil and criminal law, as well as commercial law construction. An examination of the Bill
of Rights in the US Constitution revels the influence Talmudic law and thought. Talmudic law is
heavily in examples of “rights” just as the Bill of Rights (as its name dictates) lays out the
inalienable rights of man given to him by God. The second president of the United States, John
Adams was quoted as having said “The Jews have done more to civilize men than any other
nation....They are the most glorious Nation that ever inhabited the earth. The Romans and their
ESSAY #1 17
Empire were but a bauble in comparison to the Jews. They have given religion to three-quarters
of the Globe and have influenced the affairs of Mankind more, and more happily than any other
Nation, ancient or modern.”
Another area of influence can be found in the structure if the United States Congress.
The Jewish people were made of tribes and had leaders of those tribes. Contrast that with the
states that constitute America having leaders (Senators) of each state (tribe). Furthermore
Deuteronomy 1:13 describes what can arguably be an influential catalyst for the creation of the
House of Representatives, “Select for yourselves men who are wise, understanding, and known
to your tribes and I will appoint them as your leaders.” George Washington said at his farewell
address; "Of all the dispositions and habits which lead to political prosperity, Religion and
morality are indispensable supports. Whatever may be conceded to the influence of refined
education on minds of peculiar structure, reason and experience both forbid us to expect that
National morality can prevail in the exclusion of religious principle."
It is no secret that the Founding Fathers were religious men and their personal beliefs
greatly influenced the words that are included in the Constitution as well as the Declaration of
Independence (and many other writings as well). Even if a country considered itself to be
entirely secular, it would be nearly impossible to avoid the fingerprints of God on whatever laws
they would inevitably create (that is if they planned on having a shred of morality in their laws).
To imagine that any set of laws that would have the best interest in the people they would effect
not having the influence of God in them, seems entirely impossible.
As the text states, Talmudic law does not mandate that it is to be “universalized.”
Regardless of that, it has much to offer to the world whether of the Jewish faith or not. The
Jewish people have overcome obstacles of all shapes and sizes throughout their existence.
Their grounding and adherence to Talmudic law and tradition has carried them throughout.
God made a covenant with the Jewish people and they are his “chosen people.” He provided
them with the Talmudic and that in and of itself should be sufficient to give both Jew and
Gentile reason enough to have appreciation for what it says to all.
ESSAY #1 18
While Talmudic law was not born out of the commandments given to Moses by God, it
was most certainly strengthened and reaffirmed by the Ten Commandments. Talmudic law
recognizes two general, yet specific categories of value. One is the duties which are derived
from man's relationship to God; the other is duties which are derived from man's relationship to
others. The laws dealing with man's relationship to God are, in fact, the implementation of
Jewish teachings of theology. They are there to strengthen and affirm man’s relationship with
God. In terms of man’s relationship with others, the way that wealth and business is viewed is a
good example. Talmudic law generally looked favorable at business and acquiring wealth. In
fact, many Talmudic sages had occupations and some were quite wealthy. What was most
important was that wealth and riches should be acquired honestly and used to help the poor,
the needy, and just as importantly, used to help strangers.
The Talmud is divided into six general sections, referred to as Sedarim or “orders.” They
are:
• Zera’im or “Seeds” deal with agricultural laws and also deal with laws regarding
blessings and prayers.
• Mo’ed or “Festival” deals with laws surrounding holidays.
• Nashim or “Women” deals with the issue of marriage and divorce.
• Nezikin or “Damages” deals with civil and criminal law, along with ethics.
• Kodashim or “Holy Things” deals with laws regarding sacrifices, the Temple, and
various dietary laws.
• Taharot or “Purities” covers laws of ritual purity.
The question as to whether this legal tradition has allowed the Jewish people to
maintain their identity is an interesting one to answer. In the simplest of terms, a person born
to a Jewish mother is a Jew. Likewise, if a person converts to Judaism, he or she is a Jew.
Unfortunately it is a little more complex to explain the identity of the Jewish people. The Jewish
people have been nomadic throughout their existence to say the least. As a people they have
ESSAY #1 19
“expelled” from numerous countries over their history; England, Germany, Italy, and Spain to
name a few. Even the land promised to them by God is difficult to call home due to the due to
the instability caused by others (namely the Palestinians) claiming it as their own. With the
uncertainty of a geographic identity, Talmudic law fills the space providing Jews with a strong
sense of identity.
The Jewish people came into existence through their belief structure and covenants that
they make amongst themselves long before they had a “land” to call their own. It is unfortunate
that their nomadic history has caused them to rely on Talmudic tradition to define their identity,
but it can certainly be said that its impact is strengthened because of it.
In the absence of a geographic identity, the tradition and law of the Talmudic have
allowed the Jewish people to preserve and maintain their identity for generations past and for
generations to come. They have been enslaved and oppressed for much of their existence. This
is why Jews recite the following covenant at every Passover. “This is that which has stood for
our forefathers and for us. For not one alone has stood against us to destroy us. Rather, in every
generation they stand against us to wipe us out. But the Holy One, blessed be He, saves us from
their hand.” It was with that covenant, Abraham was also told that his children would first be
“strangers in a land not their own” where they would be subjected to years of slavery and
oppression. It is hard to imagine that Talmudic law will ever cease to be a vital source of
identity for those who call themselves a Jew.
The text laments that while it was influenced by other models (Roman as an example),
Talmudic law itself has been highly influential in the formation of western law. Its impact can be
seen in civil and criminal law, as well as commercial law construction. An examination of the Bill
of Rights in the US Constitution revels the influence Talmudic law and thought. Talmudic law is
heavily in examples of “rights” just as the Bill of Rights (as its name dictates) lays out the
inalienable rights of man given to him by God. The second president of the United States, John
Adams was quoted as having said “The Jews have done more to civilize men than any other
nation....They are the most glorious Nation that ever inhabited the earth. The Romans and their
ESSAY #1 20
Empire were but a bauble in comparison to the Jews. They have given religion to three-quarters
of the Globe and have influenced the affairs of Mankind more, and more happily than any other
Nation, ancient or modern.”
Another area of influence can be found in the structure if the United States Congress.
The Jewish people were made of tribes and had leaders of those tribes. Contrast that with the
states that constitute America having leaders (Senators) of each state (tribe). Furthermore
Deuteronomy 1:13 describes what can arguably be an influential catalyst for the creation of the
House of Representatives, “Select for yourselves men who are wise, understanding, and known
to your tribes and I will appoint them as your leaders.” George Washington said at his farewell
address; "Of all the dispositions and habits which lead to political prosperity, Religion and
morality are indispensable supports. Whatever may be conceded to the influence of refined
education on minds of peculiar structure, reason and experience both forbid us to expect that
National morality can prevail in the exclusion of religious principle."
It is no secret that the Founding Fathers were religious men and their personal beliefs
greatly influenced the words that are included in the Constitution as well as the Declaration of
Independence (and many other writings as well). Even if a country considered itself to be
entirely secular, it would be nearly impossible to avoid the fingerprints of God on whatever laws
they would inevitably create (that is if they planned on having a shred of morality in their laws).
To imagine that any set of laws that would have the best interest in the people they would effect
not having the influence of God in them, seems entirely impossible.
As the text states, Talmudic law does not mandate that it is to be “universalized.”
Regardless of that, it has much to offer to the world whether of the Jewish faith or not. The
Jewish people have overcome obstacles of all shapes and sizes throughout their existence.
Their grounding and adherence to Talmudic law and tradition has carried them throughout.
God made a covenant with the Jewish people and they are his “chosen people.” He provided
them with the Talmudic and that in and of itself should be sufficient to give both Jew and
Gentile reason enough to have appreciation for what it says to all.
ESSAY #1 21
While Talmudic law was not born out of the commandments given to Moses by God, it
was most certainly strengthened and reaffirmed by the Ten Commandments. Talmudic law
recognizes two general, yet specific categories of value. One is the duties which are derived
from man's relationship to God; the other is duties which are derived from man's relationship to
others. The laws dealing with man's relationship to God are, in fact, the implementation of
Jewish teachings of theology. They are there to strengthen and affirm man’s relationship with
God. In terms of man’s relationship with others, the way that wealth and business is viewed is a
good example. Talmudic law generally looked favorable at business and acquiring wealth. In
fact, many Talmudic sages had occupations and some were quite wealthy. What was most
important was that wealth and riches should be acquired honestly and used to help the poor,
the needy, and just as importantly, used to help strangers.
The Talmud is divided into six general sections, referred to as Sedarim or “orders.” They
are:
• Zera’im or “Seeds” deal with agricultural laws and also deal with laws regarding
blessings and prayers.
• Mo’ed or “Festival” deals with laws surrounding holidays.
• Nashim or “Women” deals with the issue of marriage and divorce.
• Nezikin or “Damages” deals with civil and criminal law, along with ethics.
• Kodashim or “Holy Things” deals with laws regarding sacrifices, the Temple, and
various dietary laws.
• Taharot or “Purities” covers laws of ritual purity.
The question as to whether this legal tradition has allowed the Jewish people to
maintain their identity is an interesting one to answer. In the simplest of terms, a person born
to a Jewish mother is a Jew. Likewise, if a person converts to Judaism, he or she is a Jew.
Unfortunately it is a little more complex to explain the identity of the Jewish people. The Jewish
people have been nomadic throughout their existence to say the least. As a people they have
ESSAY #1 22
“expelled” from numerous countries over their history; England, Germany, Italy, and Spain to
name a few. Even the land promised to them by God is difficult to call home due to the due to
the instability caused by others (namely the Palestinians) claiming it as their own. With the
uncertainty of a geographic identity, Talmudic law fills the space providing Jews with a strong
sense of identity.
The Jewish people came into existence through their belief structure and covenants that
they make amongst themselves long before they had a “land” to call their own. It is unfortunate
that their nomadic history has caused them to rely on Talmudic tradition to define their identity,
but it can certainly be said that its impact is strengthened because of it.
In the absence of a geographic identity, the tradition and law of the Talmudic have
allowed the Jewish people to preserve and maintain their identity for generations past and for
generations to come. They have been enslaved and oppressed for much of their existence. This
is why Jews recite the following covenant at every Passover. “This is that which has stood for
our forefathers and for us. For not one alone has stood against us to destroy us. Rather, in every
generation they stand against us to wipe us out. But the Holy One, blessed be He, saves us from
their hand.” It was with that covenant, Abraham was also told that his children would first be
“strangers in a land not their own” where they would be subjected to years of slavery and
oppression. It is hard to imagine that Talmudic law will ever cease to be a vital source of
identity for those who call themselves a Jew.
The text laments that while it was influenced by other models (Roman as an example),
Talmudic law itself has been highly influential in the formation of western law. Its impact can be
seen in civil and criminal law, as well as commercial law construction. An examination of the Bill
of Rights in the US Constitution revels the influence Talmudic law and thought. Talmudic law is
heavily in examples of “rights” just as the Bill of Rights (as its name dictates) lays out the
inalienable rights of man given to him by God. The second president of the United States, John
Adams was quoted as having said “The Jews have done more to civilize men than any other
nation....They are the most glorious Nation that ever inhabited the earth. The Romans and their
ESSAY #1 23
Empire were but a bauble in comparison to the Jews. They have given religion to three-quarters
of the Globe and have influenced the affairs of Mankind more, and more happily than any other
Nation, ancient or modern.”
Another area of influence can be found in the structure if the United States Congress.
The Jewish people were made of tribes and had leaders of those tribes. Contrast that with the
states that constitute America having leaders (Senators) of each state (tribe). Furthermore
Deuteronomy 1:13 describes what can arguably be an influential catalyst for the creation of the
House of Representatives, “Select for yourselves men who are wise, understanding, and known
to your tribes and I will appoint them as your leaders.” George Washington said at his farewell
address; "Of all the dispositions and habits which lead to political prosperity, Religion and
morality are indispensable supports. Whatever may be conceded to the influence of refined
education on minds of peculiar structure, reason and experience both forbid us to expect that
National morality can prevail in the exclusion of religious principle."
It is no secret that the Founding Fathers were religious men and their personal beliefs
greatly influenced the words that are included in the Constitution as well as the Declaration of
Independence (and many other writings as well). Even if a country considered itself to be
entirely secular, it would be nearly impossible to avoid the fingerprints of God on whatever laws
they would inevitably create (that is if they planned on having a shred of morality in their laws).
To imagine that any set of laws that would have the best interest in the people they would effect
not having the influence of God in them, seems entirely impossible.
As the text states, Talmudic law does not mandate that it is to be “universalized.”
Regardless of that, it has much to offer to the world whether of the Jewish faith or not. The
Jewish people have overcome obstacles of all shapes and sizes throughout their existence.
Their grounding and adherence to Talmudic law and tradition has carried them throughout.
God made a covenant with the Jewish people and they are his “chosen people.” He provided
them with the Talmudic and that in and of itself should be sufficient to give both Jew and
Gentile reason enough to have appreciation for what it says to all.
ESSAY #1 24
While Talmudic law was not born out of the commandments given to Moses by God, it
was most certainly strengthened and reaffirmed by the Ten Commandments. Talmudic law
recognizes two general, yet specific categories of value. One is the duties which are derived
from man's relationship to God; the other is duties which are derived from man's relationship to
others. The laws dealing with man's relationship to God are, in fact, the implementation of
Jewish teachings of theology. They are there to strengthen and affirm man’s relationship with
God. In terms of man’s relationship with others, the way that wealth and business is viewed is a
good example. Talmudic law generally looked favorable at business and acquiring wealth. In
fact, many Talmudic sages had occupations and some were quite wealthy. What was most
important was that wealth and riches should be acquired honestly and used to help the poor,
the needy, and just as importantly, used to help strangers.
The Talmud is divided into six general sections, referred to as Sedarim or “orders.” They
are:
• Zera’im or “Seeds” deal with agricultural laws and also deal with laws regarding
blessings and prayers.
• Mo’ed or “Festival” deals with laws surrounding holidays.
• Nashim or “Women” deals with the issue of marriage and divorce.
• Nezikin or “Damages” deals with civil and criminal law, along with ethics.
• Kodashim or “Holy Things” deals with laws regarding sacrifices, the Temple, and
various dietary laws.
• Taharot or “Purities” covers laws of ritual purity.
The question as to whether this legal tradition has allowed the Jewish people to
maintain their identity is an interesting one to answer. In the simplest of terms, a person born
to a Jewish mother is a Jew. Likewise, if a person converts to Judaism, he or she is a Jew.
Unfortunately it is a little more complex to explain the identity of the Jewish people. The Jewish
people have been nomadic throughout their existence to say the least. As a people they have
ESSAY #1 25
“expelled” from numerous countries over their history; England, Germany, Italy, and Spain to
name a few. Even the land promised to them by God is difficult to call home due to the due to
the instability caused by others (namely the Palestinians) claiming it as their own. With the
uncertainty of a geographic identity, Talmudic law fills the space providing Jews with a strong
sense of identity.
The Jewish people came into existence through their belief structure and covenants that
they make amongst themselves long before they had a “land” to call their own. It is unfortunate
that their nomadic history has caused them to rely on Talmudic tradition to define their identity,
but it can certainly be said that its impact is strengthened because of it.
In the absence of a geographic identity, the tradition and law of the Talmudic have
allowed the Jewish people to preserve and maintain their identity for generations past and for
generations to come. They have been enslaved and oppressed for much of their existence. This
is why Jews recite the following covenant at every Passover. “This is that which has stood for
our forefathers and for us. For not one alone has stood against us to destroy us. Rather, in every
generation they stand against us to wipe us out. But the Holy One, blessed be He, saves us from
their hand.” It was with that covenant, Abraham was also told that his children would first be
“strangers in a land not their own” where they would be subjected to years of slavery and
oppression. It is hard to imagine that Talmudic law will ever cease to be a vital source of
identity for those who call themselves a Jew.
The text laments that while it was influenced by other models (Roman as an example),
Talmudic law itself has been highly influential in the formation of western law. Its impact can be
seen in civil and criminal law, as well as commercial law construction. An examination of the Bill
of Rights in the US Constitution revels the influence Talmudic law and thought. Talmudic law is
heavily in examples of “rights” just as the Bill of Rights (as its name dictates) lays out the
inalienable rights of man given to him by God. The second president of the United States, John
Adams was quoted as having said “The Jews have done more to civilize men than any other
nation....They are the most glorious Nation that ever inhabited the earth. The Romans and their
ESSAY #1 26
Empire were but a bauble in comparison to the Jews. They have given religion to three-quarters
of the Globe and have influenced the affairs of Mankind more, and more happily than any other
Nation, ancient or modern.”
Another area of influence can be found in the structure if the United States Congress.
The Jewish people were made of tribes and had leaders of those tribes. Contrast that with the
states that constitute America having leaders (Senators) of each state (tribe). Furthermore
Deuteronomy 1:13 describes what can arguably be an influential catalyst for the creation of the
House of Representatives, “Select for yourselves men who are wise, understanding, and known
to your tribes and I will appoint them as your leaders.” George Washington said at his farewell
address; "Of all the dispositions and habits which lead to political prosperity, Religion and
morality are indispensable supports. Whatever may be conceded to the influence of refined
education on minds of peculiar structure, reason and experience both forbid us to expect that
National morality can prevail in the exclusion of religious principle."
It is no secret that the Founding Fathers were religious men and their personal beliefs
greatly influenced the words that are included in the Constitution as well as the Declaration of
Independence (and many other writings as well). Even if a country considered itself to be
entirely secular, it would be nearly impossible to avoid the fingerprints of God on whatever laws
they would inevitably create (that is if they planned on having a shred of morality in their laws).
To imagine that any set of laws that would have the best interest in the people they would effect
not having the influence of God in them, seems entirely impossible.
As the text states, Talmudic law does not mandate that it is to be “universalized.”
Regardless of that, it has much to offer to the world whether of the Jewish faith or not. The
Jewish people have overcome obstacles of all shapes and sizes throughout their existence.
Their grounding and adherence to Talmudic law and tradition has carried them throughout.
God made a covenant with the Jewish people and they are his “chosen people.” He provided
them with the Talmudic and that in and of itself should be sufficient to give both Jew and
Gentile reason enough to have appreciation for what it says to all.
ESSAY #1 27
While Talmudic law was not born out of the commandments given to Moses by God, it
was most certainly strengthened and reaffirmed by the Ten Commandments. Talmudic law
recognizes two general, yet specific categories of value. One is the duties which are derived
from man's relationship to God; the other is duties which are derived from man's relationship to
others. The laws dealing with man's relationship to God are, in fact, the implementation of
Jewish teachings of theology. They are there to strengthen and affirm man’s relationship with
God. In terms of man’s relationship with others, the way that wealth and business is viewed is a
good example. Talmudic law generally looked favorable at business and acquiring wealth. In
fact, many Talmudic sages had occupations and some were quite wealthy. What was most
important was that wealth and riches should be acquired honestly and used to help the poor,
the needy, and just as importantly, used to help strangers.
The Talmud is divided into six general sections, referred to as Sedarim or “orders.” They
are:
• Zera’im or “Seeds” deal with agricultural laws and also deal with laws regarding
blessings and prayers.
• Mo’ed or “Festival” deals with laws surrounding holidays.
• Nashim or “Women” deals with the issue of marriage and divorce.
• Nezikin or “Damages” deals with civil and criminal law, along with ethics.
• Kodashim or “Holy Things” deals with laws regarding sacrifices, the Temple, and
various dietary laws.
• Taharot or “Purities” covers laws of ritual purity.
The question as to whether this legal tradition has allowed the Jewish people to
maintain their identity is an interesting one to answer. In the simplest of terms, a person born
to a Jewish mother is a Jew. Likewise, if a person converts to Judaism, he or she is a Jew.
Unfortunately it is a little more complex to explain the identity of the Jewish people. The Jewish
people have been nomadic throughout their existence to say the least. As a people they have
ESSAY #1 28
“expelled” from numerous countries over their history; England, Germany, Italy, and Spain to
name a few. Even the land promised to them by God is difficult to call home due to the due to
the instability caused by others (namely the Palestinians) claiming it as their own. With the
uncertainty of a geographic identity, Talmudic law fills the space providing Jews with a strong
sense of identity.
The Jewish people came into existence through their belief structure and covenants that
they make amongst themselves long before they had a “land” to call their own. It is unfortunate
that their nomadic history has caused them to rely on Talmudic tradition to define their identity,
but it can certainly be said that its impact is strengthened because of it.
In the absence of a geographic identity, the tradition and law of the Talmudic have
allowed the Jewish people to preserve and maintain their identity for generations past and for
generations to come. They have been enslaved and oppressed for much of their existence. This
is why Jews recite the following covenant at every Passover. “This is that which has stood for
our forefathers and for us. For not one alone has stood against us to destroy us. Rather, in every
generation they stand against us to wipe us out. But the Holy One, blessed be He, saves us from
their hand.” It was with that covenant, Abraham was also told that his children would first be
“strangers in a land not their own” where they would be subjected to years of slavery and
oppression. It is hard to imagine that Talmudic law will ever cease to be a vital source of
identity for those who call themselves a Jew.
The text laments that while it was influenced by other models (Roman as an example),
Talmudic law itself has been highly influential in the formation of western law. Its impact can be
seen in civil and criminal law, as well as commercial law construction. An examination of the Bill
of Rights in the US Constitution revels the influence Talmudic law and thought. Talmudic law is
heavily in examples of “rights” just as the Bill of Rights (as its name dictates) lays out the
inalienable rights of man given to him by God. The second president of the United States, John
Adams was quoted as having said “The Jews have done more to civilize men than any other
nation....They are the most glorious Nation that ever inhabited the earth. The Romans and their
ESSAY #1 29
Empire were but a bauble in comparison to the Jews. They have given religion to three-quarters
of the Globe and have influenced the affairs of Mankind more, and more happily than any other
Nation, ancient or modern.”
Another area of influence can be found in the structure if the United States Congress.
The Jewish people were made of tribes and had leaders of those tribes. Contrast that with the
states that constitute America having leaders (Senators) of each state (tribe). Furthermore
Deuteronomy 1:13 describes what can arguably be an influential catalyst for the creation of the
House of Representatives, “Select for yourselves men who are wise, understanding, and known
to your tribes and I will appoint them as your leaders.” George Washington said at his farewell
address; "Of all the dispositions and habits which lead to political prosperity, Religion and
morality are indispensable supports. Whatever may be conceded to the influence of refined
education on minds of peculiar structure, reason and experience both forbid us to expect that
National morality can prevail in the exclusion of religious principle."
It is no secret that the Founding Fathers were religious men and their personal beliefs
greatly influenced the words that are included in the Constitution as well as the Declaration of
Independence (and many other writings as well). Even if a country considered itself to be
entirely secular, it would be nearly impossible to avoid the fingerprints of God on whatever laws
they would inevitably create (that is if they planned on having a shred of morality in their laws).
To imagine that any set of laws that would have the best interest in the people they would effect
not having the influence of God in them, seems entirely impossible.
As the text states, Talmudic law does not mandate that it is to be “universalized.”
Regardless of that, it has much to offer to the world whether of the Jewish faith or not. The
Jewish people have overcome obstacles of all shapes and sizes throughout their existence.
Their grounding and adherence to Talmudic law and tradition has carried them throughout.
God made a covenant with the Jewish people and they are his “chosen people.” He provided
them with the Talmudic and that in and of itself should be sufficient to give both Jew and
Gentile reason enough to have appreciation for what it says to all.
ESSAY #1 30
While Talmudic law was not born out of the commandments given to Moses by God, it
was most certainly strengthened and reaffirmed by the Ten Commandments. Talmudic law
recognizes two general, yet specific categories of value. One is the duties which are derived
from man's relationship to God; the other is duties which are derived from man's relationship to
others. The laws dealing with man's relationship to God are, in fact, the implementation of
Jewish teachings of theology. They are there to strengthen and affirm man’s relationship with
God. In terms of man’s relationship with others, the way that wealth and business is viewed is a
good example. Talmudic law generally looked favorable at business and acquiring wealth. In
fact, many Talmudic sages had occupations and some were quite wealthy. What was most
important was that wealth and riches should be acquired honestly and used to help the poor,
the needy, and just as importantly, used to help strangers.
The Talmud is divided into six general sections, referred to as Sedarim or “orders.” They
are:
• Zera’im or “Seeds” deal with agricultural laws and also deal with laws regarding
blessings and prayers.
• Mo’ed or “Festival” deals with laws surrounding holidays.
• Nashim or “Women” deals with the issue of marriage and divorce.
• Nezikin or “Damages” deals with civil and criminal law, along with ethics.
• Kodashim or “Holy Things” deals with laws regarding sacrifices, the Temple, and
various dietary laws.
• Taharot or “Purities” covers laws of ritual purity.
The question as to whether this legal tradition has allowed the Jewish people to
maintain their identity is an interesting one to answer. In the simplest of terms, a person born
to a Jewish mother is a Jew. Likewise, if a person converts to Judaism, he or she is a Jew.
Unfortunately it is a little more complex to explain the identity of the Jewish people. The Jewish
people have been nomadic throughout their existence to say the least. As a people they have
ESSAY #1 31
“expelled” from numerous countries over their history; England, Germany, Italy, and Spain to
name a few. Even the land promised to them by God is difficult to call home due to the due to
the instability caused by others (namely the Palestinians) claiming it as their own. With the
uncertainty of a geographic identity, Talmudic law fills the space providing Jews with a strong
sense of identity.
The Jewish people came into existence through their belief structure and covenants that
they make amongst themselves long before they had a “land” to call their own. It is unfortunate
that their nomadic history has caused them to rely on Talmudic tradition to define their identity,
but it can certainly be said that its impact is strengthened because of it.
In the absence of a geographic identity, the tradition and law of the Talmudic have
allowed the Jewish people to preserve and maintain their identity for generations past and for
generations to come. They have been enslaved and oppressed for much of their existence. This
is why Jews recite the following covenant at every Passover. “This is that which has stood for
our forefathers and for us. For not one alone has stood against us to destroy us. Rather, in every
generation they stand against us to wipe us out. But the Holy One, blessed be He, saves us from
their hand.” It was with that covenant, Abraham was also told that his children would first be
“strangers in a land not their own” where they would be subjected to years of slavery and
oppression. It is hard to imagine that Talmudic law will ever cease to be a vital source of
identity for those who call themselves a Jew.
The text laments that while it was influenced by other models (Roman as an example),
Talmudic law itself has been highly influential in the formation of western law. Its impact can be
seen in civil and criminal law, as well as commercial law construction. An examination of the Bill
of Rights in the US Constitution revels the influence Talmudic law and thought. Talmudic law is
heavily in examples of “rights” just as the Bill of Rights (as its name dictates) lays out the
inalienable rights of man given to him by God. The second president of the United States, John
Adams was quoted as having said “The Jews have done more to civilize men than any other
nation....They are the most glorious Nation that ever inhabited the earth. The Romans and their
ESSAY #1 32
Empire were but a bauble in comparison to the Jews. They have given religion to three-quarters
of the Globe and have influenced the affairs of Mankind more, and more happily than any other
Nation, ancient or modern.”
Another area of influence can be found in the structure if the United States Congress.
The Jewish people were made of tribes and had leaders of those tribes. Contrast that with the
states that constitute America having leaders (Senators) of each state (tribe). Furthermore
Deuteronomy 1:13 describes what can arguably be an influential catalyst for the creation of the
House of Representatives, “Select for yourselves men who are wise, understanding, and known
to your tribes and I will appoint them as your leaders.” George Washington said at his farewell
address; "Of all the dispositions and habits which lead to political prosperity, Religion and
morality are indispensable supports. Whatever may be conceded to the influence of refined
education on minds of peculiar structure, reason and experience both forbid us to expect that
National morality can prevail in the exclusion of religious principle."
It is no secret that the Founding Fathers were religious men and their personal beliefs
greatly influenced the words that are included in the Constitution as well as the Declaration of
Independence (and many other writings as well). Even if a country considered itself to be
entirely secular, it would be nearly impossible to avoid the fingerprints of God on whatever laws
they would inevitably create (that is if they planned on having a shred of morality in their laws).
To imagine that any set of laws that would have the best interest in the people they would effect
not having the influence of God in them, seems entirely impossible.
As the text states, Talmudic law does not mandate that it is to be “universalized.”
Regardless of that, it has much to offer to the world whether of the Jewish faith or not. The
Jewish people have overcome obstacles of all shapes and sizes throughout their existence.
Their grounding and adherence to Talmudic law and tradition has carried them throughout.
God made a covenant with the Jewish people and they are his “chosen people.” He provided
them with the Talmudic and that in and of itself should be sufficient to give both Jew and
Gentile reason enough to have appreciation for what it says to all.
ESSAY #1 33
While Talmudic law was not born out of the commandments given to Moses by God, it
was most certainly strengthened and reaffirmed by the Ten Commandments. Talmudic law
recognizes two general, yet specific categories of value. One is the duties which are derived
from man's relationship to God; the other is duties which are derived from man's relationship to
others. The laws dealing with man's relationship to God are, in fact, the implementation of
Jewish teachings of theology. They are there to strengthen and affirm man’s relationship with
God. In terms of man’s relationship with others, the way that wealth and business is viewed is a
good example. Talmudic law generally looked favorable at business and acquiring wealth. In
fact, many Talmudic sages had occupations and some were quite wealthy. What was most
important was that wealth and riches should be acquired honestly and used to help the poor,
the needy, and just as importantly, used to help strangers.
The Talmud is divided into six general sections, referred to as Sedarim or “orders.” They
are:
• Zera’im or “Seeds” deal with agricultural laws and also deal with laws regarding
blessings and prayers.
• Mo’ed or “Festival” deals with laws surrounding holidays.
• Nashim or “Women” deals with the issue of marriage and divorce.
• Nezikin or “Damages” deals with civil and criminal law, along with ethics.
• Kodashim or “Holy Things” deals with laws regarding sacrifices, the Temple, and
various dietary laws.
• Taharot or “Purities” covers laws of ritual purity.
The question as to whether this legal tradition has allowed the Jewish people to
maintain their identity is an interesting one to answer. In the simplest of terms, a person born
to a Jewish mother is a Jew. Likewise, if a person converts to Judaism, he or she is a Jew.
Unfortunately it is a little more complex to explain the identity of the Jewish people. The Jewish
people have been nomadic throughout their existence to say the least. As a people they have
ESSAY #1 34
“expelled” from numerous countries over their history; England, Germany, Italy, and Spain to
name a few. Even the land promised to them by God is difficult to call home due to the due to
the instability caused by others (namely the Palestinians) claiming it as their own. With the
uncertainty of a geographic identity, Talmudic law fills the space providing Jews with a strong
sense of identity.
The Jewish people came into existence through their belief structure and covenants that
they make amongst themselves long before they had a “land” to call their own. It is unfortunate
that their nomadic history has caused them to rely on Talmudic tradition to define their identity,
but it can certainly be said that its impact is strengthened because of it.
In the absence of a geographic identity, the tradition and law of the Talmudic have
allowed the Jewish people to preserve and maintain their identity for generations past and for
generations to come. They have been enslaved and oppressed for much of their existence. This
is why Jews recite the following covenant at every Passover. “This is that which has stood for
our forefathers and for us. For not one alone has stood against us to destroy us. Rather, in every
generation they stand against us to wipe us out. But the Holy One, blessed be He, saves us from
their hand.” It was with that covenant, Abraham was also told that his children would first be
“strangers in a land not their own” where they would be subjected to years of slavery and
oppression. It is hard to imagine that Talmudic law will ever cease to be a vital source of
identity for those who call themselves a Jew.
The text laments that while it was influenced by other models (Roman as an example),
Talmudic law itself has been highly influential in the formation of western law. Its impact can be
seen in civil and criminal law, as well as commercial law construction. An examination of the Bill
of Rights in the US Constitution revels the influence Talmudic law and thought. Talmudic law is
heavily in examples of “rights” just as the Bill of Rights (as its name dictates) lays out the
inalienable rights of man given to him by God. The second president of the United States, John
Adams was quoted as having said “The Jews have done more to civilize men than any other
nation....They are the most glorious Nation that ever inhabited the earth. The Romans and their
ESSAY #1 35
Empire were but a bauble in comparison to the Jews. They have given religion to three-quarters
of the Globe and have influenced the affairs of Mankind more, and more happily than any other
Nation, ancient or modern.”
Another area of influence can be found in the structure if the United States Congress.
The Jewish people were made of tribes and had leaders of those tribes. Contrast that with the
states that constitute America having leaders (Senators) of each state (tribe). Furthermore
Deuteronomy 1:13 describes what can arguably be an influential catalyst for the creation of the
House of Representatives, “Select for yourselves men who are wise, understanding, and known
to your tribes and I will appoint them as your leaders.” George Washington said at his farewell
address; "Of all the dispositions and habits which lead to political prosperity, Religion and
morality are indispensable supports. Whatever may be conceded to the influence of refined
education on minds of peculiar structure, reason and experience both forbid us to expect that
National morality can prevail in the exclusion of religious principle."
It is no secret that the Founding Fathers were religious men and their personal beliefs
greatly influenced the words that are included in the Constitution as well as the Declaration of
Independence (and many other writings as well). Even if a country considered itself to be
entirely secular, it would be nearly impossible to avoid the fingerprints of God on whatever laws
they would inevitably create (that is if they planned on having a shred of morality in their laws).
To imagine that any set of laws that would have the best interest in the people they would effect
not having the influence of God in them, seems entirely impossible.
As the text states, Talmudic law does not mandate that it is to be “universalized.”
Regardless of that, it has much to offer to the world whether of the Jewish faith or not. The
Jewish people have overcome obstacles of all shapes and sizes throughout their existence.
Their grounding and adherence to Talmudic law and tradition has carried them throughout.
God made a covenant with the Jewish people and they are his “chosen people.” He provided
them with the Talmudic and that in and of itself should be sufficient to give both Jew and
Gentile reason enough to have appreciation for what it says to all.
ESSAY #1 36
While Talmudic law was not born out of the commandments given to Moses by God, it
was most certainly strengthened and reaffirmed by the Ten Commandments. Talmudic law
recognizes two general, yet specific categories of value. One is the duties which are derived
from man's relationship to God; the other is duties which are derived from man's relationship to
others. The laws dealing with man's relationship to God are, in fact, the implementation of
Jewish teachings of theology. They are there to strengthen and affirm man’s relationship with
God. In terms of man’s relationship with others, the way that wealth and business is viewed is a
good example. Talmudic law generally looked favorable at business and acquiring wealth. In
fact, many Talmudic sages had occupations and some were quite wealthy. What was most
important was that wealth and riches should be acquired honestly and used to help the poor,
the needy, and just as importantly, used to help strangers.
The Talmud is divided into six general sections, referred to as Sedarim or “orders.” They
are:
• Zera’im or “Seeds” deal with agricultural laws and also deal with laws regarding
blessings and prayers.
• Mo’ed or “Festival” deals with laws surrounding holidays.
• Nashim or “Women” deals with the issue of marriage and divorce.
• Nezikin or “Damages” deals with civil and criminal law, along with ethics.
• Kodashim or “Holy Things” deals with laws regarding sacrifices, the Temple, and
various dietary laws.
• Taharot or “Purities” covers laws of ritual purity.
The question as to whether this legal tradition has allowed the Jewish people to
maintain their identity is an interesting one to answer. In the simplest of terms, a person born
to a Jewish mother is a Jew. Likewise, if a person converts to Judaism, he or she is a Jew.
Unfortunately it is a little more complex to explain the identity of the Jewish people. The Jewish
people have been nomadic throughout their existence to say the least. As a people they have
ESSAY #1 37
“expelled” from numerous countries over their history; England, Germany, Italy, and Spain to
name a few. Even the land promised to them by God is difficult to call home due to the due to
the instability caused by others (namely the Palestinians) claiming it as their own. With the
uncertainty of a geographic identity, Talmudic law fills the space providing Jews with a strong
sense of identity.
The Jewish people came into existence through their belief structure and covenants that
they make amongst themselves long before they had a “land” to call their own. It is unfortunate
that their nomadic history has caused them to rely on Talmudic tradition to define their identity,
but it can certainly be said that its impact is strengthened because of it.
In the absence of a geographic identity, the tradition and law of the Talmudic have
allowed the Jewish people to preserve and maintain their identity for generations past and for
generations to come. They have been enslaved and oppressed for much of their existence. This
is why Jews recite the following covenant at every Passover. “This is that which has stood for
our forefathers and for us. For not one alone has stood against us to destroy us. Rather, in every
generation they stand against us to wipe us out. But the Holy One, blessed be He, saves us from
their hand.” It was with that covenant, Abraham was also told that his children would first be
“strangers in a land not their own” where they would be subjected to years of slavery and
oppression. It is hard to imagine that Talmudic law will ever cease to be a vital source of
identity for those who call themselves a Jew.
The text laments that while it was influenced by other models (Roman as an example),
Talmudic law itself has been highly influential in the formation of western law. Its impact can be
seen in civil and criminal law, as well as commercial law construction. An examination of the Bill
of Rights in the US Constitution revels the influence Talmudic law and thought. Talmudic law is
heavily in examples of “rights” just as the Bill of Rights (as its name dictates) lays out the
inalienable rights of man given to him by God. The second president of the United States, John
Adams was quoted as having said “The Jews have done more to civilize men than any other
nation....They are the most glorious Nation that ever inhabited the earth. The Romans and their
ESSAY #1 38
Empire were but a bauble in comparison to the Jews. They have given religion to three-quarters
of the Globe and have influenced the affairs of Mankind more, and more happily than any other
Nation, ancient or modern.”
Another area of influence can be found in the structure if the United States Congress.
The Jewish people were made of tribes and had leaders of those tribes. Contrast that with the
states that constitute America having leaders (Senators) of each state (tribe). Furthermore
Deuteronomy 1:13 describes what can arguably be an influential catalyst for the creation of the
House of Representatives, “Select for yourselves men who are wise, understanding, and known
to your tribes and I will appoint them as your leaders.” George Washington said at his farewell
address; "Of all the dispositions and habits which lead to political prosperity, Religion and
morality are indispensable supports. Whatever may be conceded to the influence of refined
education on minds of peculiar structure, reason and experience both forbid us to expect that
National morality can prevail in the exclusion of religious principle."
It is no secret that the Founding Fathers were religious men and their personal beliefs
greatly influenced the words that are included in the Constitution as well as the Declaration of
Independence (and many other writings as well). Even if a country considered itself to be
entirely secular, it would be nearly impossible to avoid the fingerprints of God on whatever laws
they would inevitably create (that is if they planned on having a shred of morality in their laws).
To imagine that any set of laws that would have the best interest in the people they would effect
not having the influence of God in them, seems entirely impossible.
As the text states, Talmudic law does not mandate that it is to be “universalized.”
Regardless of that, it has much to offer to the world whether of the Jewish faith or not. The
Jewish people have overcome obstacles of all shapes and sizes throughout their existence.
Their grounding and adherence to Talmudic law and tradition has carried them throughout.
God made a covenant with the Jewish people and they are his “chosen people.” He provided
them with the Talmudic and that in and of itself should be sufficient to give both Jew and
Gentile reason enough to have appreciation for what it says to all.
ESSAY #1 39
While Talmudic law was not born out of the commandments given to Moses by God, it
was most certainly strengthened and reaffirmed by the Ten Commandments. Talmudic law
recognizes two general, yet specific categories of value. One is the duties which are derived
from man's relationship to God; the other is duties which are derived from man's relationship to
others. The laws dealing with man's relationship to God are, in fact, the implementation of
Jewish teachings of theology. They are there to strengthen and affirm man’s relationship with
God. In terms of man’s relationship with others, the way that wealth and business is viewed is a
good example. Talmudic law generally looked favorable at business and acquiring wealth. In
fact, many Talmudic sages had occupations and some were quite wealthy. What was most
important was that wealth and riches should be acquired honestly and used to help the poor,
the needy, and just as importantly, used to help strangers.
The Talmud is divided into six general sections, referred to as Sedarim or “orders.” They
are:
• Zera’im or “Seeds” deal with agricultural laws and also deal with laws regarding
blessings and prayers.
• Mo’ed or “Festival” deals with laws surrounding holidays.
• Nashim or “Women” deals with the issue of marriage and divorce.
• Nezikin or “Damages” deals with civil and criminal law, along with ethics.
• Kodashim or “Holy Things” deals with laws regarding sacrifices, the Temple, and
various dietary laws.
• Taharot or “Purities” covers laws of ritual purity.
The question as to whether this legal tradition has allowed the Jewish people to
maintain their identity is an interesting one to answer. In the simplest of terms, a person born
to a Jewish mother is a Jew. Likewise, if a person converts to Judaism, he or she is a Jew.
Unfortunately it is a little more complex to explain the identity of the Jewish people. The Jewish
people have been nomadic throughout their existence to say the least. As a people they have
ESSAY #1 40
“expelled” from numerous countries over their history; England, Germany, Italy, and Spain to
name a few. Even the land promised to them by God is difficult to call home due to the due to
the instability caused by others (namely the Palestinians) claiming it as their own. With the
uncertainty of a geographic identity, Talmudic law fills the space providing Jews with a strong
sense of identity.
The Jewish people came into existence through their belief structure and covenants that
they make amongst themselves long before they had a “land” to call their own. It is unfortunate
that their nomadic history has caused them to rely on Talmudic tradition to define their identity,
but it can certainly be said that its impact is strengthened because of it.
In the absence of a geographic identity, the tradition and law of the Talmudic have
allowed the Jewish people to preserve and maintain their identity for generations past and for
generations to come. They have been enslaved and oppressed for much of their existence. This
is why Jews recite the following covenant at every Passover. “This is that which has stood for
our forefathers and for us. For not one alone has stood against us to destroy us. Rather, in every
generation they stand against us to wipe us out. But the Holy One, blessed be He, saves us from
their hand.” It was with that covenant, Abraham was also told that his children would first be
“strangers in a land not their own” where they would be subjected to years of slavery and
oppression. It is hard to imagine that Talmudic law will ever cease to be a vital source of
identity for those who call themselves a Jew.
The text laments that while it was influenced by other models (Roman as an example),
Talmudic law itself has been highly influential in the formation of western law. Its impact can be
seen in civil and criminal law, as well as commercial law construction. An examination of the Bill
of Rights in the US Constitution revels the influence Talmudic law and thought. Talmudic law is
heavily in examples of “rights” just as the Bill of Rights (as its name dictates) lays out the
inalienable rights of man given to him by God. The second president of the United States, John
Adams was quoted as having said “The Jews have done more to civilize men than any other
nation....They are the most glorious Nation that ever inhabited the earth. The Romans and their
ESSAY #1 41
Empire were but a bauble in comparison to the Jews. They have given religion to three-quarters
of the Globe and have influenced the affairs of Mankind more, and more happily than any other
Nation, ancient or modern.”
Another area of influence can be found in the structure if the United States Congress.
The Jewish people were made of tribes and had leaders of those tribes. Contrast that with the
states that constitute America having leaders (Senators) of each state (tribe). Furthermore
Deuteronomy 1:13 describes what can arguably be an influential catalyst for the creation of the
House of Representatives, “Select for yourselves men who are wise, understanding, and known
to your tribes and I will appoint them as your leaders.” George Washington said at his farewell
address; "Of all the dispositions and habits which lead to political prosperity, Religion and
morality are indispensable supports. Whatever may be conceded to the influence of refined
education on minds of peculiar structure, reason and experience both forbid us to expect that
National morality can prevail in the exclusion of religious principle."
It is no secret that the Founding Fathers were religious men and their personal beliefs
greatly influenced the words that are included in the Constitution as well as the Declaration of
Independence (and many other writings as well). Even if a country considered itself to be
entirely secular, it would be nearly impossible to avoid the fingerprints of God on whatever laws
they would inevitably create (that is if they planned on having a shred of morality in their laws).
To imagine that any set of laws that would have the best interest in the people they would effect
not having the influence of God in them, seems entirely impossible.
As the text states, Talmudic law does not mandate that it is to be “universalized.”
Regardless of that, it has much to offer to the world whether of the Jewish faith or not. The
Jewish people have overcome obstacles of all shapes and sizes throughout their existence.
Their grounding and adherence to Talmudic law and tradition has carried them throughout.
God made a covenant with the Jewish people and they are his “chosen people.” He provided
them with the Talmudic and that in and of itself should be sufficient to give both Jew and
Gentile reason enough to have appreciation for what it says to all.
ESSAY #1 42
While Talmudic law was not born out of the commandments given to Moses by God, it
was most certainly strengthened and reaffirmed by the Ten Commandments. Talmudic law
recognizes two general, yet specific categories of value. One is the duties which are derived
from man's relationship to God; the other is duties which are derived from man's relationship to
others. The laws dealing with man's relationship to God are, in fact, the implementation of
Jewish teachings of theology. They are there to strengthen and affirm man’s relationship with
God. In terms of man’s relationship with others, the way that wealth and business is viewed is a
good example. Talmudic law generally looked favorable at business and acquiring wealth. In
fact, many Talmudic sages had occupations and some were quite wealthy. What was most
important was that wealth and riches should be acquired honestly and used to help the poor,
the needy, and just as importantly, used to help strangers.
The Talmud is divided into six general sections, referred to as Sedarim or “orders.” They
are:
• Zera’im or “Seeds” deal with agricultural laws and also deal with laws regarding
blessings and prayers.
• Mo’ed or “Festival” deals with laws surrounding holidays.
• Nashim or “Women” deals with the issue of marriage and divorce.
• Nezikin or “Damages” deals with civil and criminal law, along with ethics.
• Kodashim or “Holy Things” deals with laws regarding sacrifices, the Temple, and
various dietary laws.
• Taharot or “Purities” covers laws of ritual purity.
The question as to whether this legal tradition has allowed the Jewish people to
maintain their identity is an interesting one to answer. In the simplest of terms, a person born
to a Jewish mother is a Jew. Likewise, if a person converts to Judaism, he or she is a Jew.
Unfortunately it is a little more complex to explain the identity of the Jewish people. The Jewish
people have been nomadic throughout their existence to say the least. As a people they have
ESSAY #1 43
“expelled” from numerous countries over their history; England, Germany, Italy, and Spain to
name a few. Even the land promised to them by God is difficult to call home due to the due to
the instability caused by others (namely the Palestinians) claiming it as their own. With the
uncertainty of a geographic identity, Talmudic law fills the space providing Jews with a strong
sense of identity.
The Jewish people came into existence through their belief structure and covenants that
they make amongst themselves long before they had a “land” to call their own. It is unfortunate
that their nomadic history has caused them to rely on Talmudic tradition to define their identity,
but it can certainly be said that its impact is strengthened because of it.
In the absence of a geographic identity, the tradition and law of the Talmudic have
allowed the Jewish people to preserve and maintain their identity for generations past and for
generations to come. They have been enslaved and oppressed for much of their existence. This
is why Jews recite the following covenant at every Passover. “This is that which has stood for
our forefathers and for us. For not one alone has stood against us to destroy us. Rather, in every
generation they stand against us to wipe us out. But the Holy One, blessed be He, saves us from
their hand.” It was with that covenant, Abraham was also told that his children would first be
“strangers in a land not their own” where they would be subjected to years of slavery and
oppression. It is hard to imagine that Talmudic law will ever cease to be a vital source of
identity for those who call themselves a Jew.
The text laments that while it was influenced by other models (Roman as an example),
Talmudic law itself has been highly influential in the formation of western law. Its impact can be
seen in civil and criminal law, as well as commercial law construction. An examination of the Bill
of Rights in the US Constitution revels the influence Talmudic law and thought. Talmudic law is
heavily in examples of “rights” just as the Bill of Rights (as its name dictates) lays out the
inalienable rights of man given to him by God. The second president of the United States, John
Adams was quoted as having said “The Jews have done more to civilize men than any other
nation....They are the most glorious Nation that ever inhabited the earth. The Romans and their
ESSAY #1 44
Empire were but a bauble in comparison to the Jews. They have given religion to three-quarters
of the Globe and have influenced the affairs of Mankind more, and more happily than any other
Nation, ancient or modern.”
Another area of influence can be found in the structure if the United States Congress.
The Jewish people were made of tribes and had leaders of those tribes. Contrast that with the
states that constitute America having leaders (Senators) of each state (tribe). Furthermore
Deuteronomy 1:13 describes what can arguably be an influential catalyst for the creation of the
House of Representatives, “Select for yourselves men who are wise, understanding, and known
to your tribes and I will appoint them as your leaders.” George Washington said at his farewell
address; "Of all the dispositions and habits which lead to political prosperity, Religion and
morality are indispensable supports. Whatever may be conceded to the influence of refined
education on minds of peculiar structure, reason and experience both forbid us to expect that
National morality can prevail in the exclusion of religious principle."
It is no secret that the Founding Fathers were religious men and their personal beliefs
greatly influenced the words that are included in the Constitution as well as the Declaration of
Independence (and many other writings as well). Even if a country considered itself to be
entirely secular, it would be nearly impossible to avoid the fingerprints of God on whatever laws
they would inevitably create (that is if they planned on having a shred of morality in their laws).
To imagine that any set of laws that would have the best interest in the people they would effect
not having the influence of God in them, seems entirely impossible.
As the text states, Talmudic law does not mandate that it is to be “universalized.”
Regardless of that, it has much to offer to the world whether of the Jewish faith or not. The
Jewish people have overcome obstacles of all shapes and sizes throughout their existence.
Their grounding and adherence to Talmudic law and tradition has carried them throughout.
God made a covenant with the Jewish people and they are his “chosen people.” He provided
them with the Talmudic and that in and of itself should be sufficient to give both Jew and
Gentile reason enough to have appreciation for what it says to all.
ESSAY #1 45
While Talmudic law was not born out of the commandments given to Moses by God, it
was most certainly strengthened and reaffirmed by the Ten Commandments. Talmudic law
recognizes two general, yet specific categories of value. One is the duties which are derived
from man's relationship to God; the other is duties which are derived from man's relationship to
others. The laws dealing with man's relationship to God are, in fact, the implementation of
Jewish teachings of theology. They are there to strengthen and affirm man’s relationship with
God. In terms of man’s relationship with others, the way that wealth and business is viewed is a
good example. Talmudic law generally looked favorable at business and acquiring wealth. In
fact, many Talmudic sages had occupations and some were quite wealthy. What was most
important was that wealth and riches should be acquired honestly and used to help the poor,
the needy, and just as importantly, used to help strangers.
The Talmud is divided into six general sections, referred to as Sedarim or “orders.” They
are:
• Zera’im or “Seeds” deal with agricultural laws and also deal with laws regarding
blessings and prayers.
• Mo’ed or “Festival” deals with laws surrounding holidays.
• Nashim or “Women” deals with the issue of marriage and divorce.
• Nezikin or “Damages” deals with civil and criminal law, along with ethics.
• Kodashim or “Holy Things” deals with laws regarding sacrifices, the Temple, and
various dietary laws.
• Taharot or “Purities” covers laws of ritual purity.
The question as to whether this legal tradition has allowed the Jewish people to
maintain their identity is an interesting one to answer. In the simplest of terms, a person born
to a Jewish mother is a Jew. Likewise, if a person converts to Judaism, he or she is a Jew.
Unfortunately it is a little more complex to explain the identity of the Jewish people. The Jewish
people have been nomadic throughout their existence to say the least. As a people they have
ESSAY #1 46
“expelled” from numerous countries over their history; England, Germany, Italy, and Spain to
name a few. Even the land promised to them by God is difficult to call home due to the due to
the instability caused by others (namely the Palestinians) claiming it as their own. With the
uncertainty of a geographic identity, Talmudic law fills the space providing Jews with a strong
sense of identity.
The Jewish people came into existence through their belief structure and covenants that
they make amongst themselves long before they had a “land” to call their own. It is unfortunate
that their nomadic history has caused them to rely on Talmudic tradition to define their identity,
but it can certainly be said that its impact is strengthened because of it.
In the absence of a geographic identity, the tradition and law of the Talmudic have
allowed the Jewish people to preserve and maintain their identity for generations past and for
generations to come. They have been enslaved and oppressed for much of their existence. This
is why Jews recite the following covenant at every Passover. “This is that which has stood for
our forefathers and for us. For not one alone has stood against us to destroy us. Rather, in every
generation they stand against us to wipe us out. But the Holy One, blessed be He, saves us from
their hand.” It was with that covenant, Abraham was also told that his children would first be
“strangers in a land not their own” where they would be subjected to years of slavery and
oppression. It is hard to imagine that Talmudic law will ever cease to be a vital source of
identity for those who call themselves a Jew.
The text laments that while it was influenced by other models (Roman as an example),
Talmudic law itself has been highly influential in the formation of western law. Its impact can be
seen in civil and criminal law, as well as commercial law construction. An examination of the Bill
of Rights in the US Constitution revels the influence Talmudic law and thought. Talmudic law is
heavily in examples of “rights” just as the Bill of Rights (as its name dictates) lays out the
inalienable rights of man given to him by God. The second president of the United States, John
Adams was quoted as having said “The Jews have done more to civilize men than any other
nation....They are the most glorious Nation that ever inhabited the earth. The Romans and their
ESSAY #1 47
Empire were but a bauble in comparison to the Jews. They have given religion to three-quarters
of the Globe and have influenced the affairs of Mankind more, and more happily than any other
Nation, ancient or modern.”
Another area of influence can be found in the structure if the United States Congress.
The Jewish people were made of tribes and had leaders of those tribes. Contrast that with the
states that constitute America having leaders (Senators) of each state (tribe). Furthermore
Deuteronomy 1:13 describes what can arguably be an influential catalyst for the creation of the
House of Representatives, “Select for yourselves men who are wise, understanding, and known
to your tribes and I will appoint them as your leaders.” George Washington said at his farewell
address; "Of all the dispositions and habits which lead to political prosperity, Religion and
morality are indispensable supports. Whatever may be conceded to the influence of refined
education on minds of peculiar structure, reason and experience both forbid us to expect that
National morality can prevail in the exclusion of religious principle."
It is no secret that the Founding Fathers were religious men and their personal beliefs
greatly influenced the words that are included in the Constitution as well as the Declaration of
Independence (and many other writings as well). Even if a country considered itself to be
entirely secular, it would be nearly impossible to avoid the fingerprints of God on whatever laws
they would inevitably create (that is if they planned on having a shred of morality in their laws).
To imagine that any set of laws that would have the best interest in the people they would effect
not having the influence of God in them, seems entirely impossible.
As the text states, Talmudic law does not mandate that it is to be “universalized.”
Regardless of that, it has much to offer to the world whether of the Jewish faith or not. The
Jewish people have overcome obstacles of all shapes and sizes throughout their existence.
Their grounding and adherence to Talmudic law and tradition has carried them throughout.
God made a covenant with the Jewish people and they are his “chosen people.” He provided
them with the Talmudic and that in and of itself should be sufficient to give both Jew and
Gentile reason enough to have appreciation for what it says to all.
ESSAY #1 48
While Talmudic law was not born out of the commandments given to Moses by God, it
was most certainly strengthened and reaffirmed by the Ten Commandments. Talmudic law
recognizes two general, yet specific categories of value. One is the duties which are derived
from man's relationship to God; the other is duties which are derived from man's relationship to
others. The laws dealing with man's relationship to God are, in fact, the implementation of
Jewish teachings of theology. They are there to strengthen and affirm man’s relationship with
God. In terms of man’s relationship with others, the way that wealth and business is viewed is a
good example. Talmudic law generally looked favorable at business and acquiring wealth. In
fact, many Talmudic sages had occupations and some were quite wealthy. What was most
important was that wealth and riches should be acquired honestly and used to help the poor,
the needy, and just as importantly, used to help strangers.
The Talmud is divided into six general sections, referred to as Sedarim or “orders.” They
are:
• Zera’im or “Seeds” deal with agricultural laws and also deal with laws regarding
blessings and prayers.
• Mo’ed or “Festival” deals with laws surrounding holidays.
• Nashim or “Women” deals with the issue of marriage and divorce.
• Nezikin or “Damages” deals with civil and criminal law, along with ethics.
• Kodashim or “Holy Things” deals with laws regarding sacrifices, the Temple, and
various dietary laws.
• Taharot or “Purities” covers laws of ritual purity.
The question as to whether this legal tradition has allowed the Jewish people to
maintain their identity is an interesting one to answer. In the simplest of terms, a person born
to a Jewish mother is a Jew. Likewise, if a person converts to Judaism, he or she is a Jew.
Unfortunately it is a little more complex to explain the identity of the Jewish people. The Jewish
people have been nomadic throughout their existence to say the least. As a people they have
ESSAY #1 49
“expelled” from numerous countries over their history; England, Germany, Italy, and Spain to
name a few. Even the land promised to them by God is difficult to call home due to the due to
the instability caused by others (namely the Palestinians) claiming it as their own. With the
uncertainty of a geographic identity, Talmudic law fills the space providing Jews with a strong
sense of identity.
The Jewish people came into existence through their belief structure and covenants that
they make amongst themselves long before they had a “land” to call their own. It is unfortunate
that their nomadic history has caused them to rely on Talmudic tradition to define their identity,
but it can certainly be said that its impact is strengthened because of it.
In the absence of a geographic identity, the tradition and law of the Talmudic have
allowed the Jewish people to preserve and maintain their identity for generations past and for
generations to come. They have been enslaved and oppressed for much of their existence. This
is why Jews recite the following covenant at every Passover. “This is that which has stood for
our forefathers and for us. For not one alone has stood against us to destroy us. Rather, in every
generation they stand against us to wipe us out. But the Holy One, blessed be He, saves us from
their hand.” It was with that covenant, Abraham was also told that his children would first be
“strangers in a land not their own” where they would be subjected to years of slavery and
oppression. It is hard to imagine that Talmudic law will ever cease to be a vital source of
identity for those who call themselves a Jew.
The text laments that while it was influenced by other models (Roman as an example),
Talmudic law itself has been highly influential in the formation of western law. Its impact can be
seen in civil and criminal law, as well as commercial law construction. An examination of the Bill
of Rights in the US Constitution revels the influence Talmudic law and thought. Talmudic law is
heavily in examples of “rights” just as the Bill of Rights (as its name dictates) lays out the
inalienable rights of man given to him by God. The second president of the United States, John
Adams was quoted as having said “The Jews have done more to civilize men than any other
nation....They are the most glorious Nation that ever inhabited the earth. The Romans and their
ESSAY #1 50
Empire were but a bauble in comparison to the Jews. They have given religion to three-quarters
of the Globe and have influenced the affairs of Mankind more, and more happily than any other
Nation, ancient or modern.”
Another area of influence can be found in the structure if the United States Congress.
The Jewish people were made of tribes and had leaders of those tribes. Contrast that with the
states that constitute America having leaders (Senators) of each state (tribe). Furthermore
Deuteronomy 1:13 describes what can arguably be an influential catalyst for the creation of the
House of Representatives, “Select for yourselves men who are wise, understanding, and known
to your tribes and I will appoint them as your leaders.” George Washington said at his farewell
address; "Of all the dispositions and habits which lead to political prosperity, Religion and
morality are indispensable supports. Whatever may be conceded to the influence of refined
education on minds of peculiar structure, reason and experience both forbid us to expect that
National morality can prevail in the exclusion of religious principle."
It is no secret that the Founding Fathers were religious men and their personal beliefs
greatly influenced the words that are included in the Constitution as well as the Declaration of
Independence (and many other writings as well). Even if a country considered itself to be
entirely secular, it would be nearly impossible to avoid the fingerprints of God on whatever laws
they would inevitably create (that is if they planned on having a shred of morality in their laws).
To imagine that any set of laws that would have the best interest in the people they would effect
not having the influence of God in them, seems entirely impossible.
As the text states, Talmudic law does not mandate that it is to be “universalized.”
Regardless of that, it has much to offer to the world whether of the Jewish faith or not. The
Jewish people have overcome obstacles of all shapes and sizes throughout their existence.
Their grounding and adherence to Talmudic law and tradition has carried them throughout.
God made a covenant with the Jewish people and they are his “chosen people.” He provided
them with the Talmudic and that in and of itself should be sufficient to give both Jew and
Gentile reason enough to have appreciation for what it says to all.
ESSAY #1 51
While Talmudic law was not born out of the commandments given to Moses by God, it
was most certainly strengthened and reaffirmed by the Ten Commandments. Talmudic law
recognizes two general, yet specific categories of value. One is the duties which are derived
from man's relationship to God; the other is duties which are derived from man's relationship to
others. The laws dealing with man's relationship to God are, in fact, the implementation of
Jewish teachings of theology. They are there to strengthen and affirm man’s relationship with
God. In terms of man’s relationship with others, the way that wealth and business is viewed is a
good example. Talmudic law generally looked favorable at business and acquiring wealth. In
fact, many Talmudic sages had occupations and some were quite wealthy. What was most
important was that wealth and riches should be acquired honestly and used to help the poor,
the needy, and just as importantly, used to help strangers.
The Talmud is divided into six general sections, referred to as Sedarim or “orders.” They
are:
• Zera’im or “Seeds” deal with agricultural laws and also deal with laws regarding
blessings and prayers.
• Mo’ed or “Festival” deals with laws surrounding holidays.
• Nashim or “Women” deals with the issue of marriage and divorce.
• Nezikin or “Damages” deals with civil and criminal law, along with ethics.
• Kodashim or “Holy Things” deals with laws regarding sacrifices, the Temple, and
various dietary laws.
• Taharot or “Purities” covers laws of ritual purity.
The question as to whether this legal tradition has allowed the Jewish people to
maintain their identity is an interesting one to answer. In the simplest of terms, a person born
to a Jewish mother is a Jew. Likewise, if a person converts to Judaism, he or she is a Jew.
Unfortunately it is a little more complex to explain the identity of the Jewish people. The Jewish
people have been nomadic throughout their existence to say the least. As a people they have
ESSAY #1 52
“expelled” from numerous countries over their history; England, Germany, Italy, and Spain to
name a few. Even the land promised to them by God is difficult to call home due to the due to
the instability caused by others (namely the Palestinians) claiming it as their own. With the
uncertainty of a geographic identity, Talmudic law fills the space providing Jews with a strong
sense of identity.
The Jewish people came into existence through their belief structure and covenants that
they make amongst themselves long before they had a “land” to call their own. It is unfortunate
that their nomadic history has caused them to rely on Talmudic tradition to define their identity,
but it can certainly be said that its impact is strengthened because of it.
In the absence of a geographic identity, the tradition and law of the Talmudic have
allowed the Jewish people to preserve and maintain their identity for generations past and for
generations to come. They have been enslaved and oppressed for much of their existence. This
is why Jews recite the following covenant at every Passover. “This is that which has stood for
our forefathers and for us. For not one alone has stood against us to destroy us. Rather, in every
generation they stand against us to wipe us out. But the Holy One, blessed be He, saves us from
their hand.” It was with that covenant, Abraham was also told that his children would first be
“strangers in a land not their own” where they would be subjected to years of slavery and
oppression. It is hard to imagine that Talmudic law will ever cease to be a vital source of
identity for those who call themselves a Jew.
The text laments that while it was influenced by other models (Roman as an example),
Talmudic law itself has been highly influential in the formation of western law. Its impact can be
seen in civil and criminal law, as well as commercial law construction. An examination of the Bill
of Rights in the US Constitution revels the influence Talmudic law and thought. Talmudic law is
heavily in examples of “rights” just as the Bill of Rights (as its name dictates) lays out the
inalienable rights of man given to him by God. The second president of the United States, John
Adams was quoted as having said “The Jews have done more to civilize men than any other
nation....They are the most glorious Nation that ever inhabited the earth. The Romans and their
ESSAY #1 53
Empire were but a bauble in comparison to the Jews. They have given religion to three-quarters
of the Globe and have influenced the affairs of Mankind more, and more happily than any other
Nation, ancient or modern.”
Another area of influence can be found in the structure if the United States Congress.
The Jewish people were made of tribes and had leaders of those tribes. Contrast that with the
states that constitute America having leaders (Senators) of each state (tribe). Furthermore
Deuteronomy 1:13 describes what can arguably be an influential catalyst for the creation of the
House of Representatives, “Select for yourselves men who are wise, understanding, and known
to your tribes and I will appoint them as your leaders.” George Washington said at his farewell
address; "Of all the dispositions and habits which lead to political prosperity, Religion and
morality are indispensable supports. Whatever may be conceded to the influence of refined
education on minds of peculiar structure, reason and experience both forbid us to expect that
National morality can prevail in the exclusion of religious principle."
It is no secret that the Founding Fathers were religious men and their personal beliefs
greatly influenced the words that are included in the Constitution as well as the Declaration of
Independence (and many other writings as well). Even if a country considered itself to be
entirely secular, it would be nearly impossible to avoid the fingerprints of God on whatever laws
they would inevitably create (that is if they planned on having a shred of morality in their laws).
To imagine that any set of laws that would have the best interest in the people they would effect
not having the influence of God in them, seems entirely impossible.
As the text states, Talmudic law does not mandate that it is to be “universalized.”
Regardless of that, it has much to offer to the world whether of the Jewish faith or not. The
Jewish people have overcome obstacles of all shapes and sizes throughout their existence.
Their grounding and adherence to Talmudic law and tradition has carried them throughout.
God made a covenant with the Jewish people and they are his “chosen people.” He provided
them with the Talmudic and that in and of itself should be sufficient to give both Jew and
Gentile reason enough to have appreciation for what it says to all.
ESSAY #1 54
While Talmudic law was not born out of the commandments given to Moses by God, it
was most certainly strengthened and reaffirmed by the Ten Commandments. Talmudic law
recognizes two general, yet specific categories of value. One is the duties which are derived
from man's relationship to God; the other is duties which are derived from man's relationship to
others. The laws dealing with man's relationship to God are, in fact, the implementation of
Jewish teachings of theology. They are there to strengthen and affirm man’s relationship with
God. In terms of man’s relationship with others, the way that wealth and business is viewed is a
good example. Talmudic law generally looked favorable at business and acquiring wealth. In
fact, many Talmudic sages had occupations and some were quite wealthy. What was most
important was that wealth and riches should be acquired honestly and used to help the poor,
the needy, and just as importantly, used to help strangers.
The Talmud is divided into six general sections, referred to as Sedarim or “orders.” They
are:
• Zera’im or “Seeds” deal with agricultural laws and also deal with laws regarding
blessings and prayers.
• Mo’ed or “Festival” deals with laws surrounding holidays.
• Nashim or “Women” deals with the issue of marriage and divorce.
• Nezikin or “Damages” deals with civil and criminal law, along with ethics.
• Kodashim or “Holy Things” deals with laws regarding sacrifices, the Temple, and
various dietary laws.
• Taharot or “Purities” covers laws of ritual purity.
The question as to whether this legal tradition has allowed the Jewish people to
maintain their identity is an interesting one to answer. In the simplest of terms, a person born
to a Jewish mother is a Jew. Likewise, if a person converts to Judaism, he or she is a Jew.
Unfortunately it is a little more complex to explain the identity of the Jewish people. The Jewish
people have been nomadic throughout their existence to say the least. As a people they have
ESSAY #1 55
“expelled” from numerous countries over their history; England, Germany, Italy, and Spain to
name a few. Even the land promised to them by God is difficult to call home due to the due to
the instability caused by others (namely the Palestinians) claiming it as their own. With the
uncertainty of a geographic identity, Talmudic law fills the space providing Jews with a strong
sense of identity.
The Jewish people came into existence through their belief structure and covenants that
they make amongst themselves long before they had a “land” to call their own. It is unfortunate
that their nomadic history has caused them to rely on Talmudic tradition to define their identity,
but it can certainly be said that its impact is strengthened because of it.
In the absence of a geographic identity, the tradition and law of the Talmudic have
allowed the Jewish people to preserve and maintain their identity for generations past and for
generations to come. They have been enslaved and oppressed for much of their existence. This
is why Jews recite the following covenant at every Passover. “This is that which has stood for
our forefathers and for us. For not one alone has stood against us to destroy us. Rather, in every
generation they stand against us to wipe us out. But the Holy One, blessed be He, saves us from
their hand.” It was with that covenant, Abraham was also told that his children would first be
“strangers in a land not their own” where they would be subjected to years of slavery and
oppression. It is hard to imagine that Talmudic law will ever cease to be a vital source of
identity for those who call themselves a Jew.
The text laments that while it was influenced by other models (Roman as an example),
Talmudic law itself has been highly influential in the formation of western law. Its impact can be
seen in civil and criminal law, as well as commercial law construction. An examination of the Bill
of Rights in the US Constitution revels the influence Talmudic law and thought. Talmudic law is
heavily in examples of “rights” just as the Bill of Rights (as its name dictates) lays out the
inalienable rights of man given to him by God. The second president of the United States, John
Adams was quoted as having said “The Jews have done more to civilize men than any other
nation....They are the most glorious Nation that ever inhabited the earth. The Romans and their
ESSAY #1 56
Empire were but a bauble in comparison to the Jews. They have given religion to three-quarters
of the Globe and have influenced the affairs of Mankind more, and more happily than any other
Nation, ancient or modern.”
Another area of influence can be found in the structure if the United States Congress.
The Jewish people were made of tribes and had leaders of those tribes. Contrast that with the
states that constitute America having leaders (Senators) of each state (tribe). Furthermore
Deuteronomy 1:13 describes what can arguably be an influential catalyst for the creation of the
House of Representatives, “Select for yourselves men who are wise, understanding, and known
to your tribes and I will appoint them as your leaders.” George Washington said at his farewell
address; "Of all the dispositions and habits which lead to political prosperity, Religion and
morality are indispensable supports. Whatever may be conceded to the influence of refined
education on minds of peculiar structure, reason and experience both forbid us to expect that
National morality can prevail in the exclusion of religious principle."
It is no secret that the Founding Fathers were religious men and their personal beliefs
greatly influenced the words that are included in the Constitution as well as the Declaration of
Independence (and many other writings as well). Even if a country considered itself to be
entirely secular, it would be nearly impossible to avoid the fingerprints of God on whatever laws
they would inevitably create (that is if they planned on having a shred of morality in their laws).
To imagine that any set of laws that would have the best interest in the people they would effect
not having the influence of God in them, seems entirely impossible.
As the text states, Talmudic law does not mandate that it is to be “universalized.”
Regardless of that, it has much to offer to the world whether of the Jewish faith or not. The
Jewish people have overcome obstacles of all shapes and sizes throughout their existence.
Their grounding and adherence to Talmudic law and tradition has carried them throughout.
God made a covenant with the Jewish people and they are his “chosen people.” He provided
them with the Talmudic and that in and of itself should be sufficient to give both Jew and
Gentile reason enough to have appreciation for what it says to all.
ESSAY #1 57
While Talmudic law was not born out of the commandments given to Moses by God, it
was most certainly strengthened and reaffirmed by the Ten Commandments. Talmudic law
recognizes two general, yet specific categories of value. One is the duties which are derived
from man's relationship to God; the other is duties which are derived from man's relationship to
others. The laws dealing with man's relationship to God are, in fact, the implementation of
Jewish teachings of theology. They are there to strengthen and affirm man’s relationship with
God. In terms of man’s relationship with others, the way that wealth and business is viewed is a
good example. Talmudic law generally looked favorable at business and acquiring wealth. In
fact, many Talmudic sages had occupations and some were quite wealthy. What was most
important was that wealth and riches should be acquired honestly and used to help the poor,
the needy, and just as importantly, used to help strangers.
The Talmud is divided into six general sections, referred to as Sedarim or “orders.” They
are:
• Zera’im or “Seeds” deal with agricultural laws and also deal with laws regarding
blessings and prayers.
• Mo’ed or “Festival” deals with laws surrounding holidays.
• Nashim or “Women” deals with the issue of marriage and divorce.
• Nezikin or “Damages” deals with civil and criminal law, along with ethics.
• Kodashim or “Holy Things” deals with laws regarding sacrifices, the Temple, and
various dietary laws.
• Taharot or “Purities” covers laws of ritual purity.
The question as to whether this legal tradition has allowed the Jewish people to
maintain their identity is an interesting one to answer. In the simplest of terms, a person born
to a Jewish mother is a Jew. Likewise, if a person converts to Judaism, he or she is a Jew.
Unfortunately it is a little more complex to explain the identity of the Jewish people. The Jewish
people have been nomadic throughout their existence to say the least. As a people they have
ESSAY #1 58
“expelled” from numerous countries over their history; England, Germany, Italy, and Spain to
name a few. Even the land promised to them by God is difficult to call home due to the due to
the instability caused by others (namely the Palestinians) claiming it as their own. With the
uncertainty of a geographic identity, Talmudic law fills the space providing Jews with a strong
sense of identity.
The Jewish people came into existence through their belief structure and covenants that
they make amongst themselves long before they had a “land” to call their own. It is unfortunate
that their nomadic history has caused them to rely on Talmudic tradition to define their identity,
but it can certainly be said that its impact is strengthened because of it.
In the absence of a geographic identity, the tradition and law of the Talmudic have
allowed the Jewish people to preserve and maintain their identity for generations past and for
generations to come. They have been enslaved and oppressed for much of their existence. This
is why Jews recite the following covenant at every Passover. “This is that which has stood for
our forefathers and for us. For not one alone has stood against us to destroy us. Rather, in every
generation they stand against us to wipe us out. But the Holy One, blessed be He, saves us from
their hand.” It was with that covenant, Abraham was also told that his children would first be
“strangers in a land not their own” where they would be subjected to years of slavery and
oppression. It is hard to imagine that Talmudic law will ever cease to be a vital source of
identity for those who call themselves a Jew.
The text laments that while it was influenced by other models (Roman as an example),
Talmudic law itself has been highly influential in the formation of western law. Its impact can be
seen in civil and criminal law, as well as commercial law construction. An examination of the Bill
of Rights in the US Constitution revels the influence Talmudic law and thought. Talmudic law is
heavily in examples of “rights” just as the Bill of Rights (as its name dictates) lays out the
inalienable rights of man given to him by God. The second president of the United States, John
Adams was quoted as having said “The Jews have done more to civilize men than any other
nation....They are the most glorious Nation that ever inhabited the earth. The Romans and their
ESSAY #1 59
Empire were but a bauble in comparison to the Jews. They have given religion to three-quarters
of the Globe and have influenced the affairs of Mankind more, and more happily than any other
Nation, ancient or modern.”
Another area of influence can be found in the structure if the United States Congress.
The Jewish people were made of tribes and had leaders of those tribes. Contrast that with the
states that constitute America having leaders (Senators) of each state (tribe). Furthermore
Deuteronomy 1:13 describes what can arguably be an influential catalyst for the creation of the
House of Representatives, “Select for yourselves men who are wise, understanding, and known
to your tribes and I will appoint them as your leaders.” George Washington said at his farewell
address; "Of all the dispositions and habits which lead to political prosperity, Religion and
morality are indispensable supports. Whatever may be conceded to the influence of refined
education on minds of peculiar structure, reason and experience both forbid us to expect that
National morality can prevail in the exclusion of religious principle."
It is no secret that the Founding Fathers were religious men and their personal beliefs
greatly influenced the words that are included in the Constitution as well as the Declaration of
Independence (and many other writings as well). Even if a country considered itself to be
entirely secular, it would be nearly impossible to avoid the fingerprints of God on whatever laws
they would inevitably create (that is if they planned on having a shred of morality in their laws).
To imagine that any set of laws that would have the best interest in the people they would effect
not having the influence of God in them, seems entirely impossible.
As the text states, Talmudic law does not mandate that it is to be “universalized.”
Regardless of that, it has much to offer to the world whether of the Jewish faith or not. The
Jewish people have overcome obstacles of all shapes and sizes throughout their existence.
Their grounding and adherence to Talmudic law and tradition has carried them throughout.
God made a covenant with the Jewish people and they are his “chosen people.” He provided
them with the Talmudic and that in and of itself should be sufficient to give both Jew and
Gentile reason enough to have appreciation for what it says to all.
ESSAY #1 60
While Talmudic law was not born out of the commandments given to Moses by God, it
was most certainly strengthened and reaffirmed by the Ten Commandments. Talmudic law
recognizes two general, yet specific categories of value. One is the duties which are derived
from man's relationship to God; the other is duties which are derived from man's relationship to
others. The laws dealing with man's relationship to God are, in fact, the implementation of
Jewish teachings of theology. They are there to strengthen and affirm man’s relationship with
God. In terms of man’s relationship with others, the way that wealth and business is viewed is a
good example. Talmudic law generally looked favorable at business and acquiring wealth. In
fact, many Talmudic sages had occupations and some were quite wealthy. What was most
important was that wealth and riches should be acquired honestly and used to help the poor,
the needy, and just as importantly, used to help strangers.
The Talmud is divided into six general sections, referred to as Sedarim or “orders.” They
are:
• Zera’im or “Seeds” deal with agricultural laws and also deal with laws regarding
blessings and prayers.
• Mo’ed or “Festival” deals with laws surrounding holidays.
• Nashim or “Women” deals with the issue of marriage and divorce.
• Nezikin or “Damages” deals with civil and criminal law, along with ethics.
• Kodashim or “Holy Things” deals with laws regarding sacrifices, the Temple, and
various dietary laws.
• Taharot or “Purities” covers laws of ritual purity.
The question as to whether this legal tradition has allowed the Jewish people to
maintain their identity is an interesting one to answer. In the simplest of terms, a person born
to a Jewish mother is a Jew. Likewise, if a person converts to Judaism, he or she is a Jew.
Unfortunately it is a little more complex to explain the identity of the Jewish people. The Jewish
people have been nomadic throughout their existence to say the least. As a people they have
ESSAY #1 61
“expelled” from numerous countries over their history; England, Germany, Italy, and Spain to
name a few. Even the land promised to them by God is difficult to call home due to the due to
the instability caused by others (namely the Palestinians) claiming it as their own. With the
uncertainty of a geographic identity, Talmudic law fills the space providing Jews with a strong
sense of identity.
The Jewish people came into existence through their belief structure and covenants that
they make amongst themselves long before they had a “land” to call their own. It is unfortunate
that their nomadic history has caused them to rely on Talmudic tradition to define their identity,
but it can certainly be said that its impact is strengthened because of it.
In the absence of a geographic identity, the tradition and law of the Talmudic have
allowed the Jewish people to preserve and maintain their identity for generations past and for
generations to come. They have been enslaved and oppressed for much of their existence. This
is why Jews recite the following covenant at every Passover. “This is that which has stood for
our forefathers and for us. For not one alone has stood against us to destroy us. Rather, in every
generation they stand against us to wipe us out. But the Holy One, blessed be He, saves us from
their hand.” It was with that covenant, Abraham was also told that his children would first be
“strangers in a land not their own” where they would be subjected to years of slavery and
oppression. It is hard to imagine that Talmudic law will ever cease to be a vital source of
identity for those who call themselves a Jew.
The text laments that while it was influenced by other models (Roman as an example),
Talmudic law itself has been highly influential in the formation of western law. Its impact can be
seen in civil and criminal law, as well as commercial law construction. An examination of the Bill
of Rights in the US Constitution revels the influence Talmudic law and thought. Talmudic law is
heavily in examples of “rights” just as the Bill of Rights (as its name dictates) lays out the
inalienable rights of man given to him by God. The second president of the United States, John
Adams was quoted as having said “The Jews have done more to civilize men than any other
nation....They are the most glorious Nation that ever inhabited the earth. The Romans and their
ESSAY #1 62
Empire were but a bauble in comparison to the Jews. They have given religion to three-quarters
of the Globe and have influenced the affairs of Mankind more, and more happily than any other
Nation, ancient or modern.”
Another area of influence can be found in the structure if the United States Congress.
The Jewish people were made of tribes and had leaders of those tribes. Contrast that with the
states that constitute America having leaders (Senators) of each state (tribe). Furthermore
Deuteronomy 1:13 describes what can arguably be an influential catalyst for the creation of the
House of Representatives, “Select for yourselves men who are wise, understanding, and known
to your tribes and I will appoint them as your leaders.” George Washington said at his farewell
address; "Of all the dispositions and habits which lead to political prosperity, Religion and
morality are indispensable supports. Whatever may be conceded to the influence of refined
education on minds of peculiar structure, reason and experience both forbid us to expect that
National morality can prevail in the exclusion of religious principle."
It is no secret that the Founding Fathers were religious men and their personal beliefs
greatly influenced the words that are included in the Constitution as well as the Declaration of
Independence (and many other writings as well). Even if a country considered itself to be
entirely secular, it would be nearly impossible to avoid the fingerprints of God on whatever laws
they would inevitably create (that is if they planned on having a shred of morality in their laws).
To imagine that any set of laws that would have the best interest in the people they would effect
not having the influence of God in them, seems entirely impossible.
As the text states, Talmudic law does not mandate that it is to be “universalized.”
Regardless of that, it has much to offer to the world whether of the Jewish faith or not. The
Jewish people have overcome obstacles of all shapes and sizes throughout their existence.
Their grounding and adherence to Talmudic law and tradition has carried them throughout.
God made a covenant with the Jewish people and they are his “chosen people.” He provided
them with the Talmudic and that in and of itself should be sufficient to give both Jew and
Gentile reason enough to have appreciation for what it says to all.
ESSAY #1 63
While Talmudic law was not born out of the commandments given to Moses by God, it
was most certainly strengthened and reaffirmed by the Ten Commandments. Talmudic law
recognizes two general, yet specific categories of value. One is the duties which are derived
from man's relationship to God; the other is duties which are derived from man's relationship to
others. The laws dealing with man's relationship to God are, in fact, the implementation of
Jewish teachings of theology. They are there to strengthen and affirm man’s relationship with
God. In terms of man’s relationship with others, the way that wealth and business is viewed is a
good example. Talmudic law generally looked favorable at business and acquiring wealth. In
fact, many Talmudic sages had occupations and some were quite wealthy. What was most
important was that wealth and riches should be acquired honestly and used to help the poor,
the needy, and just as importantly, used to help strangers.
The Talmud is divided into six general sections, referred to as Sedarim or “orders.” They
are:
• Zera’im or “Seeds” deal with agricultural laws and also deal with laws regarding
blessings and prayers.
• Mo’ed or “Festival” deals with laws surrounding holidays.
• Nashim or “Women” deals with the issue of marriage and divorce.
• Nezikin or “Damages” deals with civil and criminal law, along with ethics.
• Kodashim or “Holy Things” deals with laws regarding sacrifices, the Temple, and
various dietary laws.
• Taharot or “Purities” covers laws of ritual purity.
The question as to whether this legal tradition has allowed the Jewish people to
maintain their identity is an interesting one to answer. In the simplest of terms, a person born
to a Jewish mother is a Jew. Likewise, if a person converts to Judaism, he or she is a Jew.
Unfortunately it is a little more complex to explain the identity of the Jewish people. The Jewish
people have been nomadic throughout their existence to say the least. As a people they have
ESSAY #1 64
“expelled” from numerous countries over their history; England, Germany, Italy, and Spain to
name a few. Even the land promised to them by God is difficult to call home due to the due to
the instability caused by others (namely the Palestinians) claiming it as their own. With the
uncertainty of a geographic identity, Talmudic law fills the space providing Jews with a strong
sense of identity.
The Jewish people came into existence through their belief structure and covenants that
they make amongst themselves long before they had a “land” to call their own. It is unfortunate
that their nomadic history has caused them to rely on Talmudic tradition to define their identity,
but it can certainly be said that its impact is strengthened because of it.
In the absence of a geographic identity, the tradition and law of the Talmudic have
allowed the Jewish people to preserve and maintain their identity for generations past and for
generations to come. They have been enslaved and oppressed for much of their existence. This
is why Jews recite the following covenant at every Passover. “This is that which has stood for
our forefathers and for us. For not one alone has stood against us to destroy us. Rather, in every
generation they stand against us to wipe us out. But the Holy One, blessed be He, saves us from
their hand.” It was with that covenant, Abraham was also told that his children would first be
“strangers in a land not their own” where they would be subjected to years of slavery and
oppression. It is hard to imagine that Talmudic law will ever cease to be a vital source of
identity for those who call themselves a Jew.
The text laments that while it was influenced by other models (Roman as an example),
Talmudic law itself has been highly influential in the formation of western law. Its impact can be
seen in civil and criminal law, as well as commercial law construction. An examination of the Bill
of Rights in the US Constitution revels the influence Talmudic law and thought. Talmudic law is
heavily in examples of “rights” just as the Bill of Rights (as its name dictates) lays out the
inalienable rights of man given to him by God. The second president of the United States, John
Adams was quoted as having said “The Jews have done more to civilize men than any other
nation....They are the most glorious Nation that ever inhabited the earth. The Romans and their
ESSAY #1 65
Empire were but a bauble in comparison to the Jews. They have given religion to three-quarters
of the Globe and have influenced the affairs of Mankind more, and more happily than any other
Nation, ancient or modern.”
Another area of influence can be found in the structure if the United States Congress.
The Jewish people were made of tribes and had leaders of those tribes. Contrast that with the
states that constitute America having leaders (Senators) of each state (tribe). Furthermore
Deuteronomy 1:13 describes what can arguably be an influential catalyst for the creation of the
House of Representatives, “Select for yourselves men who are wise, understanding, and known
to your tribes and I will appoint them as your leaders.” George Washington said at his farewell
address; "Of all the dispositions and habits which lead to political prosperity, Religion and
morality are indispensable supports. Whatever may be conceded to the influence of refined
education on minds of peculiar structure, reason and experience both forbid us to expect that
National morality can prevail in the exclusion of religious principle."
It is no secret that the Founding Fathers were religious men and their personal beliefs
greatly influenced the words that are included in the Constitution as well as the Declaration of
Independence (and many other writings as well). Even if a country considered itself to be
entirely secular, it would be nearly impossible to avoid the fingerprints of God on whatever laws
they would inevitably create (that is if they planned on having a shred of morality in their laws).
To imagine that any set of laws that would have the best interest in the people they would effect
not having the influence of God in them, seems entirely impossible.
As the text states, Talmudic law does not mandate that it is to be “universalized.”
Regardless of that, it has much to offer to the world whether of the Jewish faith or not. The
Jewish people have overcome obstacles of all shapes and sizes throughout their existence.
Their grounding and adherence to Talmudic law and tradition has carried them throughout.
God made a covenant with the Jewish people and they are his “chosen people.” He provided
them with the Talmudic and that in and of itself should be sufficient to give both Jew and
Gentile reason enough to have appreciation for what it says to all.
ESSAY #1 66
While Talmudic law was not born out of the commandments given to Moses by God, it
was most certainly strengthened and reaffirmed by the Ten Commandments. Talmudic law
recognizes two general, yet specific categories of value. One is the duties which are derived
from man's relationship to God; the other is duties which are derived from man's relationship to
others. The laws dealing with man's relationship to God are, in fact, the implementation of
Jewish teachings of theology. They are there to strengthen and affirm man’s relationship with
God. In terms of man’s relationship with others, the way that wealth and business is viewed is a
good example. Talmudic law generally looked favorable at business and acquiring wealth. In
fact, many Talmudic sages had occupations and some were quite wealthy. What was most
important was that wealth and riches should be acquired honestly and used to help the poor,
the needy, and just as importantly, used to help strangers.
The Talmud is divided into six general sections, referred to as Sedarim or “orders.” They
are:
• Zera’im or “Seeds” deal with agricultural laws and also deal with laws regarding
blessings and prayers.
• Mo’ed or “Festival” deals with laws surrounding holidays.
• Nashim or “Women” deals with the issue of marriage and divorce.
• Nezikin or “Damages” deals with civil and criminal law, along with ethics.
• Kodashim or “Holy Things” deals with laws regarding sacrifices, the Temple, and
various dietary laws.
• Taharot or “Purities” covers laws of ritual purity.
The question as to whether this legal tradition has allowed the Jewish people to
maintain their identity is an interesting one to answer. In the simplest of terms, a person born
to a Jewish mother is a Jew. Likewise, if a person converts to Judaism, he or she is a Jew.
Unfortunately it is a little more complex to explain the identity of the Jewish people. The Jewish
people have been nomadic throughout their existence to say the least. As a people they have
ESSAY #1 67
“expelled” from numerous countries over their history; England, Germany, Italy, and Spain to
name a few. Even the land promised to them by God is difficult to call home due to the due to
the instability caused by others (namely the Palestinians) claiming it as their own. With the
uncertainty of a geographic identity, Talmudic law fills the space providing Jews with a strong
sense of identity.
The Jewish people came into existence through their belief structure and covenants that
they make amongst themselves long before they had a “land” to call their own. It is unfortunate
that their nomadic history has caused them to rely on Talmudic tradition to define their identity,
but it can certainly be said that its impact is strengthened because of it.
In the absence of a geographic identity, the tradition and law of the Talmudic have
allowed the Jewish people to preserve and maintain their identity for generations past and for
generations to come. They have been enslaved and oppressed for much of their existence. This
is why Jews recite the following covenant at every Passover. “This is that which has stood for
our forefathers and for us. For not one alone has stood against us to destroy us. Rather, in every
generation they stand against us to wipe us out. But the Holy One, blessed be He, saves us from
their hand.” It was with that covenant, Abraham was also told that his children would first be
“strangers in a land not their own” where they would be subjected to years of slavery and
oppression. It is hard to imagine that Talmudic law will ever cease to be a vital source of
identity for those who call themselves a Jew.
The text laments that while it was influenced by other models (Roman as an example),
Talmudic law itself has been highly influential in the formation of western law. Its impact can be
seen in civil and criminal law, as well as commercial law construction. An examination of the Bill
of Rights in the US Constitution revels the influence Talmudic law and thought. Talmudic law is
heavily in examples of “rights” just as the Bill of Rights (as its name dictates) lays out the
inalienable rights of man given to him by God. The second president of the United States, John
Adams was quoted as having said “The Jews have done more to civilize men than any other
nation....They are the most glorious Nation that ever inhabited the earth. The Romans and their
ESSAY #1 68
Empire were but a bauble in comparison to the Jews. They have given religion to three-quarters
of the Globe and have influenced the affairs of Mankind more, and more happily than any other
Nation, ancient or modern.”
Another area of influence can be found in the structure if the United States Congress.
The Jewish people were made of tribes and had leaders of those tribes. Contrast that with the
states that constitute America having leaders (Senators) of each state (tribe). Furthermore
Deuteronomy 1:13 describes what can arguably be an influential catalyst for the creation of the
House of Representatives, “Select for yourselves men who are wise, understanding, and known
to your tribes and I will appoint them as your leaders.” George Washington said at his farewell
address; "Of all the dispositions and habits which lead to political prosperity, Religion and
morality are indispensable supports. Whatever may be conceded to the influence of refined
education on minds of peculiar structure, reason and experience both forbid us to expect that
National morality can prevail in the exclusion of religious principle."
It is no secret that the Founding Fathers were religious men and their personal beliefs
greatly influenced the words that are included in the Constitution as well as the Declaration of
Independence (and many other writings as well). Even if a country considered itself to be
entirely secular, it would be nearly impossible to avoid the fingerprints of God on whatever laws
they would inevitably create (that is if they planned on having a shred of morality in their laws).
To imagine that any set of laws that would have the best interest in the people they would effect
not having the influence of God in them, seems entirely impossible.
As the text states, Talmudic law does not mandate that it is to be “universalized.”
Regardless of that, it has much to offer to the world whether of the Jewish faith or not. The
Jewish people have overcome obstacles of all shapes and sizes throughout their existence.
Their grounding and adherence to Talmudic law and tradition has carried them throughout.
God made a covenant with the Jewish people and they are his “chosen people.” He provided
them with the Talmudic and that in and of itself should be sufficient to give both Jew and
Gentile reason enough to have appreciation for what it says to all.
ESSAY #1 69
While Talmudic law was not born out of the commandments given to Moses by God, it
was most certainly strengthened and reaffirmed by the Ten Commandments. Talmudic law
recognizes two general, yet specific categories of value. One is the duties which are derived
from man's relationship to God; the other is duties which are derived from man's relationship to
others. The laws dealing with man's relationship to God are, in fact, the implementation of
Jewish teachings of theology. They are there to strengthen and affirm man’s relationship with
God. In terms of man’s relationship with others, the way that wealth and business is viewed is a
good example. Talmudic law generally looked favorable at business and acquiring wealth. In
fact, many Talmudic sages had occupations and some were quite wealthy. What was most
important was that wealth and riches should be acquired honestly and used to help the poor,
the needy, and just as importantly, used to help strangers.
The Talmud is divided into six general sections, referred to as Sedarim or “orders.” They
are:
• Zera’im or “Seeds” deal with agricultural laws and also deal with laws regarding
blessings and prayers.
• Mo’ed or “Festival” deals with laws surrounding holidays.
• Nashim or “Women” deals with the issue of marriage and divorce.
• Nezikin or “Damages” deals with civil and criminal law, along with ethics.
• Kodashim or “Holy Things” deals with laws regarding sacrifices, the Temple, and
various dietary laws.
• Taharot or “Purities” covers laws of ritual purity.
The question as to whether this legal tradition has allowed the Jewish people to
maintain their identity is an interesting one to answer. In the simplest of terms, a person born
to a Jewish mother is a Jew. Likewise, if a person converts to Judaism, he or she is a Jew.
Unfortunately it is a little more complex to explain the identity of the Jewish people. The Jewish
people have been nomadic throughout their existence to say the least. As a people they have
ESSAY #1 70
“expelled” from numerous countries over their history; England, Germany, Italy, and Spain to
name a few. Even the land promised to them by God is difficult to call home due to the due to
the instability caused by others (namely the Palestinians) claiming it as their own. With the
uncertainty of a geographic identity, Talmudic law fills the space providing Jews with a strong
sense of identity.
The Jewish people came into existence through their belief structure and covenants that
they make amongst themselves long before they had a “land” to call their own. It is unfortunate
that their nomadic history has caused them to rely on Talmudic tradition to define their identity,
but it can certainly be said that its impact is strengthened because of it.
In the absence of a geographic identity, the tradition and law of the Talmudic have
allowed the Jewish people to preserve and maintain their identity for generations past and for
generations to come. They have been enslaved and oppressed for much of their existence. This
is why Jews recite the following covenant at every Passover. “This is that which has stood for
our forefathers and for us. For not one alone has stood against us to destroy us. Rather, in every
generation they stand against us to wipe us out. But the Holy One, blessed be He, saves us from
their hand.” It was with that covenant, Abraham was also told that his children would first be
“strangers in a land not their own” where they would be subjected to years of slavery and
oppression. It is hard to imagine that Talmudic law will ever cease to be a vital source of
identity for those who call themselves a Jew.
The text laments that while it was influenced by other models (Roman as an example),
Talmudic law itself has been highly influential in the formation of western law. Its impact can be
seen in civil and criminal law, as well as commercial law construction. An examination of the Bill
of Rights in the US Constitution revels the influence Talmudic law and thought. Talmudic law is
heavily in examples of “rights” just as the Bill of Rights (as its name dictates) lays out the
inalienable rights of man given to him by God. The second president of the United States, John
Adams was quoted as having said “The Jews have done more to civilize men than any other
nation....They are the most glorious Nation that ever inhabited the earth. The Romans and their
ESSAY #1 71
Empire were but a bauble in comparison to the Jews. They have given religion to three-quarters
of the Globe and have influenced the affairs of Mankind more, and more happily than any other
Nation, ancient or modern.”
Another area of influence can be found in the structure if the United States Congress.
The Jewish people were made of tribes and had leaders of those tribes. Contrast that with the
states that constitute America having leaders (Senators) of each state (tribe). Furthermore
Deuteronomy 1:13 describes what can arguably be an influential catalyst for the creation of the
House of Representatives, “Select for yourselves men who are wise, understanding, and known
to your tribes and I will appoint them as your leaders.” George Washington said at his farewell
address; "Of all the dispositions and habits which lead to political prosperity, Religion and
morality are indispensable supports. Whatever may be conceded to the influence of refined
education on minds of peculiar structure, reason and experience both forbid us to expect that
National morality can prevail in the exclusion of religious principle."
It is no secret that the Founding Fathers were religious men and their personal beliefs
greatly influenced the words that are included in the Constitution as well as the Declaration of
Independence (and many other writings as well). Even if a country considered itself to be
entirely secular, it would be nearly impossible to avoid the fingerprints of God on whatever laws
they would inevitably create (that is if they planned on having a shred of morality in their laws).
To imagine that any set of laws that would have the best interest in the people they would effect
not having the influence of God in them, seems entirely impossible.
As the text states, Talmudic law does not mandate that it is to be “universalized.”
Regardless of that, it has much to offer to the world whether of the Jewish faith or not. The
Jewish people have overcome obstacles of all shapes and sizes throughout their existence.
Their grounding and adherence to Talmudic law and tradition has carried them throughout.
God made a covenant with the Jewish people and they are his “chosen people.” He provided
them with the Talmudic and that in and of itself should be sufficient to give both Jew and
Gentile reason enough to have appreciation for what it says to all.
ESSAY #1 72
While Talmudic law was not born out of the commandments given to Moses by God, it
was most certainly strengthened and reaffirmed by the Ten Commandments. Talmudic law
recognizes two general, yet specific categories of value. One is the duties which are derived
from man's relationship to God; the other is duties which are derived from man's relationship to
others. The laws dealing with man's relationship to God are, in fact, the implementation of
Jewish teachings of theology. They are there to strengthen and affirm man’s relationship with
God. In terms of man’s relationship with others, the way that wealth and business is viewed is a
good example. Talmudic law generally looked favorable at business and acquiring wealth. In
fact, many Talmudic sages had occupations and some were quite wealthy. What was most
important was that wealth and riches should be acquired honestly and used to help the poor,
the needy, and just as importantly, used to help strangers.
The Talmud is divided into six general sections, referred to as Sedarim or “orders.” They
are:
• Zera’im or “Seeds” deal with agricultural laws and also deal with laws regarding
blessings and prayers.
• Mo’ed or “Festival” deals with laws surrounding holidays.
• Nashim or “Women” deals with the issue of marriage and divorce.
• Nezikin or “Damages” deals with civil and criminal law, along with ethics.
• Kodashim or “Holy Things” deals with laws regarding sacrifices, the Temple, and
various dietary laws.
• Taharot or “Purities” covers laws of ritual purity.
The question as to whether this legal tradition has allowed the Jewish people to
maintain their identity is an interesting one to answer. In the simplest of terms, a person born
to a Jewish mother is a Jew. Likewise, if a person converts to Judaism, he or she is a Jew.
Unfortunately it is a little more complex to explain the identity of the Jewish people. The Jewish
people have been nomadic throughout their existence to say the least. As a people they have
ESSAY #1 73
“expelled” from numerous countries over their history; England, Germany, Italy, and Spain to
name a few. Even the land promised to them by God is difficult to call home due to the due to
the instability caused by others (namely the Palestinians) claiming it as their own. With the
uncertainty of a geographic identity, Talmudic law fills the space providing Jews with a strong
sense of identity.
The Jewish people came into existence through their belief structure and covenants that
they make amongst themselves long before they had a “land” to call their own. It is unfortunate
that their nomadic history has caused them to rely on Talmudic tradition to define their identity,
but it can certainly be said that its impact is strengthened because of it.
In the absence of a geographic identity, the tradition and law of the Talmudic have
allowed the Jewish people to preserve and maintain their identity for generations past and for
generations to come. They have been enslaved and oppressed for much of their existence. This
is why Jews recite the following covenant at every Passover. “This is that which has stood for
our forefathers and for us. For not one alone has stood against us to destroy us. Rather, in every
generation they stand against us to wipe us out. But the Holy One, blessed be He, saves us from
their hand.” It was with that covenant, Abraham was also told that his children would first be
“strangers in a land not their own” where they would be subjected to years of slavery and
oppression. It is hard to imagine that Talmudic law will ever cease to be a vital source of
identity for those who call themselves a Jew.
The text laments that while it was influenced by other models (Roman as an example),
Talmudic law itself has been highly influential in the formation of western law. Its impact can be
seen in civil and criminal law, as well as commercial law construction. An examination of the Bill
of Rights in the US Constitution revels the influence Talmudic law and thought. Talmudic law is
heavily in examples of “rights” just as the Bill of Rights (as its name dictates) lays out the
inalienable rights of man given to him by God. The second president of the United States, John
Adams was quoted as having said “The Jews have done more to civilize men than any other
nation....They are the most glorious Nation that ever inhabited the earth. The Romans and their
ESSAY #1 74
Empire were but a bauble in comparison to the Jews. They have given religion to three-quarters
of the Globe and have influenced the affairs of Mankind more, and more happily than any other
Nation, ancient or modern.”
Another area of influence can be found in the structure if the United States Congress.
The Jewish people were made of tribes and had leaders of those tribes. Contrast that with the
states that constitute America having leaders (Senators) of each state (tribe). Furthermore
Deuteronomy 1:13 describes what can arguably be an influential catalyst for the creation of the
House of Representatives, “Select for yourselves men who are wise, understanding, and known
to your tribes and I will appoint them as your leaders.” George Washington said at his farewell
address; "Of all the dispositions and habits which lead to political prosperity, Religion and
morality are indispensable supports. Whatever may be conceded to the influence of refined
education on minds of peculiar structure, reason and experience both forbid us to expect that
National morality can prevail in the exclusion of religious principle."
It is no secret that the Founding Fathers were religious men and their personal beliefs
greatly influenced the words that are included in the Constitution as well as the Declaration of
Independence (and many other writings as well). Even if a country considered itself to be
entirely secular, it would be nearly impossible to avoid the fingerprints of God on whatever laws
they would inevitably create (that is if they planned on having a shred of morality in their laws).
To imagine that any set of laws that would have the best interest in the people they would effect
not having the influence of God in them, seems entirely impossible.
As the text states, Talmudic law does not mandate that it is to be “universalized.”
Regardless of that, it has much to offer to the world whether of the Jewish faith or not. The
Jewish people have overcome obstacles of all shapes and sizes throughout their existence.
Their grounding and adherence to Talmudic law and tradition has carried them throughout.
God made a covenant with the Jewish people and they are his “chosen people.” He provided
them with the Talmudic and that in and of itself should be sufficient to give both Jew and
Gentile reason enough to have appreciation for what it says to all.
ESSAY #1 75
While Talmudic law was not born out of the commandments given to Moses by God, it
was most certainly strengthened and reaffirmed by the Ten Commandments. Talmudic law
recognizes two general, yet specific categories of value. One is the duties which are derived
from man's relationship to God; the other is duties which are derived from man's relationship to
others. The laws dealing with man's relationship to God are, in fact, the implementation of
Jewish teachings of theology. They are there to strengthen and affirm man’s relationship with
God. In terms of man’s relationship with others, the way that wealth and business is viewed is a
good example. Talmudic law generally looked favorable at business and acquiring wealth. In
fact, many Talmudic sages had occupations and some were quite wealthy. What was most
important was that wealth and riches should be acquired honestly and used to help the poor,
the needy, and just as importantly, used to help strangers.
The Talmud is divided into six general sections, referred to as Sedarim or “orders.” They
are:
• Zera’im or “Seeds” deal with agricultural laws and also deal with laws regarding
blessings and prayers.
• Mo’ed or “Festival” deals with laws surrounding holidays.
• Nashim or “Women” deals with the issue of marriage and divorce.
• Nezikin or “Damages” deals with civil and criminal law, along with ethics.
• Kodashim or “Holy Things” deals with laws regarding sacrifices, the Temple, and
various dietary laws.
• Taharot or “Purities” covers laws of ritual purity.
The question as to whether this legal tradition has allowed the Jewish people to
maintain their identity is an interesting one to answer. In the simplest of terms, a person born
to a Jewish mother is a Jew. Likewise, if a person converts to Judaism, he or she is a Jew.
Unfortunately it is a little more complex to explain the identity of the Jewish people. The Jewish
people have been nomadic throughout their existence to say the least. As a people they have
ESSAY #1 76
“expelled” from numerous countries over their history; England, Germany, Italy, and Spain to
name a few. Even the land promised to them by God is difficult to call home due to the due to
the instability caused by others (namely the Palestinians) claiming it as their own. With the
uncertainty of a geographic identity, Talmudic law fills the space providing Jews with a strong
sense of identity.
The Jewish people came into existence through their belief structure and covenants that
they make amongst themselves long before they had a “land” to call their own. It is unfortunate
that their nomadic history has caused them to rely on Talmudic tradition to define their identity,
but it can certainly be said that its impact is strengthened because of it.
In the absence of a geographic identity, the tradition and law of the Talmudic have
allowed the Jewish people to preserve and maintain their identity for generations past and for
generations to come. They have been enslaved and oppressed for much of their existence. This
is why Jews recite the following covenant at every Passover. “This is that which has stood for
our forefathers and for us. For not one alone has stood against us to destroy us. Rather, in every
generation they stand against us to wipe us out. But the Holy One, blessed be He, saves us from
their hand.” It was with that covenant, Abraham was also told that his children would first be
“strangers in a land not their own” where they would be subjected to years of slavery and
oppression. It is hard to imagine that Talmudic law will ever cease to be a vital source of
identity for those who call themselves a Jew.
The text laments that while it was influenced by other models (Roman as an example),
Talmudic law itself has been highly influential in the formation of western law. Its impact can be
seen in civil and criminal law, as well as commercial law construction. An examination of the Bill
of Rights in the US Constitution revels the influence Talmudic law and thought. Talmudic law is
heavily in examples of “rights” just as the Bill of Rights (as its name dictates) lays out the
inalienable rights of man given to him by God. The second president of the United States, John
Adams was quoted as having said “The Jews have done more to civilize men than any other
nation....They are the most glorious Nation that ever inhabited the earth. The Romans and their
ESSAY #1 77
Empire were but a bauble in comparison to the Jews. They have given religion to three-quarters
of the Globe and have influenced the affairs of Mankind more, and more happily than any other
Nation, ancient or modern.”
Another area of influence can be found in the structure if the United States Congress.
The Jewish people were made of tribes and had leaders of those tribes. Contrast that with the
states that constitute America having leaders (Senators) of each state (tribe). Furthermore
Deuteronomy 1:13 describes what can arguably be an influential catalyst for the creation of the
House of Representatives, “Select for yourselves men who are wise, understanding, and known
to your tribes and I will appoint them as your leaders.” George Washington said at his farewell
address; "Of all the dispositions and habits which lead to political prosperity, Religion and
morality are indispensable supports. Whatever may be conceded to the influence of refined
education on minds of peculiar structure, reason and experience both forbid us to expect that
National morality can prevail in the exclusion of religious principle."
It is no secret that the Founding Fathers were religious men and their personal beliefs
greatly influenced the words that are included in the Constitution as well as the Declaration of
Independence (and many other writings as well). Even if a country considered itself to be
entirely secular, it would be nearly impossible to avoid the fingerprints of God on whatever laws
they would inevitably create (that is if they planned on having a shred of morality in their laws).
To imagine that any set of laws that would have the best interest in the people they would effect
not having the influence of God in them, seems entirely impossible.
As the text states, Talmudic law does not mandate that it is to be “universalized.”
Regardless of that, it has much to offer to the world whether of the Jewish faith or not. The
Jewish people have overcome obstacles of all shapes and sizes throughout their existence.
Their grounding and adherence to Talmudic law and tradition has carried them throughout.
God made a covenant with the Jewish people and they are his “chosen people.” He provided
them with the Talmudic and that in and of itself should be sufficient to give both Jew and
Gentile reason enough to have appreciation for what it says to all.
ESSAY #1 78
While Talmudic law was not born out of the commandments given to Moses by God, it
was most certainly strengthened and reaffirmed by the Ten Commandments. Talmudic law
recognizes two general, yet specific categories of value. One is the duties which are derived
from man's relationship to God; the other is duties which are derived from man's relationship to
others. The laws dealing with man's relationship to God are, in fact, the implementation of
Jewish teachings of theology. They are there to strengthen and affirm man’s relationship with
God. In terms of man’s relationship with others, the way that wealth and business is viewed is a
good example. Talmudic law generally looked favorable at business and acquiring wealth. In
fact, many Talmudic sages had occupations and some were quite wealthy. What was most
important was that wealth and riches should be acquired honestly and used to help the poor,
the needy, and just as importantly, used to help strangers.
The Talmud is divided into six general sections, referred to as Sedarim or “orders.” They
are:
• Zera’im or “Seeds” deal with agricultural laws and also deal with laws regarding
blessings and prayers.
• Mo’ed or “Festival” deals with laws surrounding holidays.
• Nashim or “Women” deals with the issue of marriage and divorce.
• Nezikin or “Damages” deals with civil and criminal law, along with ethics.
• Kodashim or “Holy Things” deals with laws regarding sacrifices, the Temple, and
various dietary laws.
• Taharot or “Purities” covers laws of ritual purity.
The question as to whether this legal tradition has allowed the Jewish people to
maintain their identity is an interesting one to answer. In the simplest of terms, a person born
to a Jewish mother is a Jew. Likewise, if a person converts to Judaism, he or she is a Jew.
Unfortunately it is a little more complex to explain the identity of the Jewish people. The Jewish
people have been nomadic throughout their existence to say the least. As a people they have
ESSAY #1 79
“expelled” from numerous countries over their history; England, Germany, Italy, and Spain to
name a few. Even the land promised to them by God is difficult to call home due to the due to
the instability caused by others (namely the Palestinians) claiming it as their own. With the
uncertainty of a geographic identity, Talmudic law fills the space providing Jews with a strong
sense of identity.
The Jewish people came into existence through their belief structure and covenants that
they make amongst themselves long before they had a “land” to call their own. It is unfortunate
that their nomadic history has caused them to rely on Talmudic tradition to define their identity,
but it can certainly be said that its impact is strengthened because of it.
In the absence of a geographic identity, the tradition and law of the Talmudic have
allowed the Jewish people to preserve and maintain their identity for generations past and for
generations to come. They have been enslaved and oppressed for much of their existence. This
is why Jews recite the following covenant at every Passover. “This is that which has stood for
our forefathers and for us. For not one alone has stood against us to destroy us. Rather, in every
generation they stand against us to wipe us out. But the Holy One, blessed be He, saves us from
their hand.” It was with that covenant, Abraham was also told that his children would first be
“strangers in a land not their own” where they would be subjected to years of slavery and
oppression. It is hard to imagine that Talmudic law will ever cease to be a vital source of
identity for those who call themselves a Jew.
The text laments that while it was influenced by other models (Roman as an example),
Talmudic law itself has been highly influential in the formation of western law. Its impact can be
seen in civil and criminal law, as well as commercial law construction. An examination of the Bill
of Rights in the US Constitution revels the influence Talmudic law and thought. Talmudic law is
heavily in examples of “rights” just as the Bill of Rights (as its name dictates) lays out the
inalienable rights of man given to him by God. The second president of the United States, John
Adams was quoted as having said “The Jews have done more to civilize men than any other
nation....They are the most glorious Nation that ever inhabited the earth. The Romans and their
ESSAY #1 80
Empire were but a bauble in comparison to the Jews. They have given religion to three-quarters
of the Globe and have influenced the affairs of Mankind more, and more happily than any other
Nation, ancient or modern.”
Another area of influence can be found in the structure if the United States Congress.
The Jewish people were made of tribes and had leaders of those tribes. Contrast that with the
states that constitute America having leaders (Senators) of each state (tribe). Furthermore
Deuteronomy 1:13 describes what can arguably be an influential catalyst for the creation of the
House of Representatives, “Select for yourselves men who are wise, understanding, and known
to your tribes and I will appoint them as your leaders.” George Washington said at his farewell
address; "Of all the dispositions and habits which lead to political prosperity, Religion and
morality are indispensable supports. Whatever may be conceded to the influence of refined
education on minds of peculiar structure, reason and experience both forbid us to expect that
National morality can prevail in the exclusion of religious principle."
It is no secret that the Founding Fathers were religious men and their personal beliefs
greatly influenced the words that are included in the Constitution as well as the Declaration of
Independence (and many other writings as well). Even if a country considered itself to be
entirely secular, it would be nearly impossible to avoid the fingerprints of God on whatever laws
they would inevitably create (that is if they planned on having a shred of morality in their laws).
To imagine that any set of laws that would have the best interest in the people they would effect
not having the influence of God in them, seems entirely impossible.
As the text states, Talmudic law does not mandate that it is to be “universalized.”
Regardless of that, it has much to offer to the world whether of the Jewish faith or not. The
Jewish people have overcome obstacles of all shapes and sizes throughout their existence.
Their grounding and adherence to Talmudic law and tradition has carried them throughout.
God made a covenant with the Jewish people and they are his “chosen people.” He provided
them with the Talmudic and that in and of itself should be sufficient to give both Jew and
Gentile reason enough to have appreciation for what it says to all.
ESSAY #1 81
While Talmudic law was not born out of the commandments given to Moses by God, it
was most certainly strengthened and reaffirmed by the Ten Commandments. Talmudic law
recognizes two general, yet specific categories of value. One is the duties which are derived
from man's relationship to God; the other is duties which are derived from man's relationship to
others. The laws dealing with man's relationship to God are, in fact, the implementation of
Jewish teachings of theology. They are there to strengthen and affirm man’s relationship with
God. In terms of man’s relationship with others, the way that wealth and business is viewed is a
good example. Talmudic law generally looked favorable at business and acquiring wealth. In
fact, many Talmudic sages had occupations and some were quite wealthy. What was most
important was that wealth and riches should be acquired honestly and used to help the poor,
the needy, and just as importantly, used to help strangers.
The Talmud is divided into six general sections, referred to as Sedarim or “orders.” They
are:
• Zera’im or “Seeds” deal with agricultural laws and also deal with laws regarding
blessings and prayers.
• Mo’ed or “Festival” deals with laws surrounding holidays.
• Nashim or “Women” deals with the issue of marriage and divorce.
• Nezikin or “Damages” deals with civil and criminal law, along with ethics.
• Kodashim or “Holy Things” deals with laws regarding sacrifices, the Temple, and
various dietary laws.
• Taharot or “Purities” covers laws of ritual purity.
The question as to whether this legal tradition has allowed the Jewish people to
maintain their identity is an interesting one to answer. In the simplest of terms, a person born
to a Jewish mother is a Jew. Likewise, if a person converts to Judaism, he or she is a Jew.
Unfortunately it is a little more complex to explain the identity of the Jewish people. The Jewish
people have been nomadic throughout their existence to say the least. As a people they have
ESSAY #1 82
“expelled” from numerous countries over their history; England, Germany, Italy, and Spain to
name a few. Even the land promised to them by God is difficult to call home due to the due to
the instability caused by others (namely the Palestinians) claiming it as their own. With the
uncertainty of a geographic identity, Talmudic law fills the space providing Jews with a strong
sense of identity.
The Jewish people came into existence through their belief structure and covenants that
they make amongst themselves long before they had a “land” to call their own. It is unfortunate
that their nomadic history has caused them to rely on Talmudic tradition to define their identity,
but it can certainly be said that its impact is strengthened because of it.
In the absence of a geographic identity, the tradition and law of the Talmudic have
allowed the Jewish people to preserve and maintain their identity for generations past and for
generations to come. They have been enslaved and oppressed for much of their existence. This
is why Jews recite the following covenant at every Passover. “This is that which has stood for
our forefathers and for us. For not one alone has stood against us to destroy us. Rather, in every
generation they stand against us to wipe us out. But the Holy One, blessed be He, saves us from
their hand.” It was with that covenant, Abraham was also told that his children would first be
“strangers in a land not their own” where they would be subjected to years of slavery and
oppression. It is hard to imagine that Talmudic law will ever cease to be a vital source of
identity for those who call themselves a Jew.
The text laments that while it was influenced by other models (Roman as an example),
Talmudic law itself has been highly influential in the formation of western law. Its impact can be
seen in civil and criminal law, as well as commercial law construction. An examination of the Bill
of Rights in the US Constitution revels the influence Talmudic law and thought. Talmudic law is
heavily in examples of “rights” just as the Bill of Rights (as its name dictates) lays out the
inalienable rights of man given to him by God. The second president of the United States, John
Adams was quoted as having said “The Jews have done more to civilize men than any other
nation....They are the most glorious Nation that ever inhabited the earth. The Romans and their
ESSAY #1 83
Empire were but a bauble in comparison to the Jews. They have given religion to three-quarters
of the Globe and have influenced the affairs of Mankind more, and more happily than any other
Nation, ancient or modern.”
Another area of influence can be found in the structure if the United States Congress.
The Jewish people were made of tribes and had leaders of those tribes. Contrast that with the
states that constitute America having leaders (Senators) of each state (tribe). Furthermore
Deuteronomy 1:13 describes what can arguably be an influential catalyst for the creation of the
House of Representatives, “Select for yourselves men who are wise, understanding, and known
to your tribes and I will appoint them as your leaders.” George Washington said at his farewell
address; "Of all the dispositions and habits which lead to political prosperity, Religion and
morality are indispensable supports. Whatever may be conceded to the influence of refined
education on minds of peculiar structure, reason and experience both forbid us to expect that
National morality can prevail in the exclusion of religious principle."
It is no secret that the Founding Fathers were religious men and their personal beliefs
greatly influenced the words that are included in the Constitution as well as the Declaration of
Independence (and many other writings as well). Even if a country considered itself to be
entirely secular, it would be nearly impossible to avoid the fingerprints of God on whatever laws
they would inevitably create (that is if they planned on having a shred of morality in their laws).
To imagine that any set of laws that would have the best interest in the people they would effect
not having the influence of God in them, seems entirely impossible.
As the text states, Talmudic law does not mandate that it is to be “universalized.”
Regardless of that, it has much to offer to the world whether of the Jewish faith or not. The
Jewish people have overcome obstacles of all shapes and sizes throughout their existence.
Their grounding and adherence to Talmudic law and tradition has carried them throughout.
God made a covenant with the Jewish people and they are his “chosen people.” He provided
them with the Talmudic and that in and of itself should be sufficient to give both Jew and
Gentile reason enough to have appreciation for what it says to all.
ESSAY #1 84
While Talmudic law was not born out of the commandments given to Moses by God, it
was most certainly strengthened and reaffirmed by the Ten Commandments. Talmudic law
recognizes two general, yet specific categories of value. One is the duties which are derived
from man's relationship to God; the other is duties which are derived from man's relationship to
others. The laws dealing with man's relationship to God are, in fact, the implementation of
Jewish teachings of theology. They are there to strengthen and affirm man’s relationship with
God. In terms of man’s relationship with others, the way that wealth and business is viewed is a
good example. Talmudic law generally looked favorable at business and acquiring wealth. In
fact, many Talmudic sages had occupations and some were quite wealthy. What was most
important was that wealth and riches should be acquired honestly and used to help the poor,
the needy, and just as importantly, used to help strangers.
The Talmud is divided into six general sections, referred to as Sedarim or “orders.” They
are:
• Zera’im or “Seeds” deal with agricultural laws and also deal with laws regarding
blessings and prayers.
• Mo’ed or “Festival” deals with laws surrounding holidays.
• Nashim or “Women” deals with the issue of marriage and divorce.
• Nezikin or “Damages” deals with civil and criminal law, along with ethics.
• Kodashim or “Holy Things” deals with laws regarding sacrifices, the Temple, and
various dietary laws.
• Taharot or “Purities” covers laws of ritual purity.
The question as to whether this legal tradition has allowed the Jewish people to
maintain their identity is an interesting one to answer. In the simplest of terms, a person born
to a Jewish mother is a Jew. Likewise, if a person converts to Judaism, he or she is a Jew.
Unfortunately it is a little more complex to explain the identity of the Jewish people. The Jewish
people have been nomadic throughout their existence to say the least. As a people they have
ESSAY #1 85
“expelled” from numerous countries over their history; England, Germany, Italy, and Spain to
name a few. Even the land promised to them by God is difficult to call home due to the due to
the instability caused by others (namely the Palestinians) claiming it as their own. With the
uncertainty of a geographic identity, Talmudic law fills the space providing Jews with a strong
sense of identity.
The Jewish people came into existence through their belief structure and covenants that
they make amongst themselves long before they had a “land” to call their own. It is unfortunate
that their nomadic history has caused them to rely on Talmudic tradition to define their identity,
but it can certainly be said that its impact is strengthened because of it.
In the absence of a geographic identity, the tradition and law of the Talmudic have
allowed the Jewish people to preserve and maintain their identity for generations past and for
generations to come. They have been enslaved and oppressed for much of their existence. This
is why Jews recite the following covenant at every Passover. “This is that which has stood for
our forefathers and for us. For not one alone has stood against us to destroy us. Rather, in every
generation they stand against us to wipe us out. But the Holy One, blessed be He, saves us from
their hand.” It was with that covenant, Abraham was also told that his children would first be
“strangers in a land not their own” where they would be subjected to years of slavery and
oppression. It is hard to imagine that Talmudic law will ever cease to be a vital source of
identity for those who call themselves a Jew.
The text laments that while it was influenced by other models (Roman as an example),
Talmudic law itself has been highly influential in the formation of western law. Its impact can be
seen in civil and criminal law, as well as commercial law construction. An examination of the Bill
of Rights in the US Constitution revels the influence Talmudic law and thought. Talmudic law is
heavily in examples of “rights” just as the Bill of Rights (as its name dictates) lays out the
inalienable rights of man given to him by God. The second president of the United States, John
Adams was quoted as having said “The Jews have done more to civilize men than any other
nation....They are the most glorious Nation that ever inhabited the earth. The Romans and their
ESSAY #1 86
Empire were but a bauble in comparison to the Jews. They have given religion to three-quarters
of the Globe and have influenced the affairs of Mankind more, and more happily than any other
Nation, ancient or modern.”
Another area of influence can be found in the structure if the United States Congress.
The Jewish people were made of tribes and had leaders of those tribes. Contrast that with the
states that constitute America having leaders (Senators) of each state (tribe). Furthermore
Deuteronomy 1:13 describes what can arguably be an influential catalyst for the creation of the
House of Representatives, “Select for yourselves men who are wise, understanding, and known
to your tribes and I will appoint them as your leaders.” George Washington said at his farewell
address; "Of all the dispositions and habits which lead to political prosperity, Religion and
morality are indispensable supports. Whatever may be conceded to the influence of refined
education on minds of peculiar structure, reason and experience both forbid us to expect that
National morality can prevail in the exclusion of religious principle."
It is no secret that the Founding Fathers were religious men and their personal beliefs
greatly influenced the words that are included in the Constitution as well as the Declaration of
Independence (and many other writings as well). Even if a country considered itself to be
entirely secular, it would be nearly impossible to avoid the fingerprints of God on whatever laws
they would inevitably create (that is if they planned on having a shred of morality in their laws).
To imagine that any set of laws that would have the best interest in the people they would effect
not having the influence of God in them, seems entirely impossible.
As the text states, Talmudic law does not mandate that it is to be “universalized.”
Regardless of that, it has much to offer to the world whether of the Jewish faith or not. The
Jewish people have overcome obstacles of all shapes and sizes throughout their existence.
Their grounding and adherence to Talmudic law and tradition has carried them throughout.
God made a covenant with the Jewish people and they are his “chosen people.” He provided
them with the Talmudic and that in and of itself should be sufficient to give both Jew and
Gentile reason enough to have appreciation for what it says to all.
ESSAY #1 87
While Talmudic law was not born out of the commandments given to Moses by God, it
was most certainly strengthened and reaffirmed by the Ten Commandments. Talmudic law
recognizes two general, yet specific categories of value. One is the duties which are derived
from man's relationship to God; the other is duties which are derived from man's relationship to
others. The laws dealing with man's relationship to God are, in fact, the implementation of
Jewish teachings of theology. They are there to strengthen and affirm man’s relationship with
God. In terms of man’s relationship with others, the way that wealth and business is viewed is a
good example. Talmudic law generally looked favorable at business and acquiring wealth. In
fact, many Talmudic sages had occupations and some were quite wealthy. What was most
important was that wealth and riches should be acquired honestly and used to help the poor,
the needy, and just as importantly, used to help strangers.
The Talmud is divided into six general sections, referred to as Sedarim or “orders.” They
are:
• Zera’im or “Seeds” deal with agricultural laws and also deal with laws regarding
blessings and prayers.
• Mo’ed or “Festival” deals with laws surrounding holidays.
• Nashim or “Women” deals with the issue of marriage and divorce.
• Nezikin or “Damages” deals with civil and criminal law, along with ethics.
• Kodashim or “Holy Things” deals with laws regarding sacrifices, the Temple, and
various dietary laws.
• Taharot or “Purities” covers laws of ritual purity.
The question as to whether this legal tradition has allowed the Jewish people to
maintain their identity is an interesting one to answer. In the simplest of terms, a person born
to a Jewish mother is a Jew. Likewise, if a person converts to Judaism, he or she is a Jew.
Unfortunately it is a little more complex to explain the identity of the Jewish people. The Jewish
people have been nomadic throughout their existence to say the least. As a people they have
ESSAY #1 88
“expelled” from numerous countries over their history; England, Germany, Italy, and Spain to
name a few. Even the land promised to them by God is difficult to call home due to the due to
the instability caused by others (namely the Palestinians) claiming it as their own. With the
uncertainty of a geographic identity, Talmudic law fills the space providing Jews with a strong
sense of identity.
The Jewish people came into existence through their belief structure and covenants that
they make amongst themselves long before they had a “land” to call their own. It is unfortunate
that their nomadic history has caused them to rely on Talmudic tradition to define their identity,
but it can certainly be said that its impact is strengthened because of it.
In the absence of a geographic identity, the tradition and law of the Talmudic have
allowed the Jewish people to preserve and maintain their identity for generations past and for
generations to come. They have been enslaved and oppressed for much of their existence. This
is why Jews recite the following covenant at every Passover. “This is that which has stood for
our forefathers and for us. For not one alone has stood against us to destroy us. Rather, in every
generation they stand against us to wipe us out. But the Holy One, blessed be He, saves us from
their hand.” It was with that covenant, Abraham was also told that his children would first be
“strangers in a land not their own” where they would be subjected to years of slavery and
oppression. It is hard to imagine that Talmudic law will ever cease to be a vital source of
identity for those who call themselves a Jew.
The text laments that while it was influenced by other models (Roman as an example),
Talmudic law itself has been highly influential in the formation of western law. Its impact can be
seen in civil and criminal law, as well as commercial law construction. An examination of the Bill
of Rights in the US Constitution revels the influence Talmudic law and thought. Talmudic law is
heavily in examples of “rights” just as the Bill of Rights (as its name dictates) lays out the
inalienable rights of man given to him by God. The second president of the United States, John
Adams was quoted as having said “The Jews have done more to civilize men than any other
nation....They are the most glorious Nation that ever inhabited the earth. The Romans and their
ESSAY #1 89
Empire were but a bauble in comparison to the Jews. They have given religion to three-quarters
of the Globe and have influenced the affairs of Mankind more, and more happily than any other
Nation, ancient or modern.”
Another area of influence can be found in the structure if the United States Congress.
The Jewish people were made of tribes and had leaders of those tribes. Contrast that with the
states that constitute America having leaders (Senators) of each state (tribe). Furthermore
Deuteronomy 1:13 describes what can arguably be an influential catalyst for the creation of the
House of Representatives, “Select for yourselves men who are wise, understanding, and known
to your tribes and I will appoint them as your leaders.” George Washington said at his farewell
address; "Of all the dispositions and habits which lead to political prosperity, Religion and
morality are indispensable supports. Whatever may be conceded to the influence of refined
education on minds of peculiar structure, reason and experience both forbid us to expect that
National morality can prevail in the exclusion of religious principle."
It is no secret that the Founding Fathers were religious men and their personal beliefs
greatly influenced the words that are included in the Constitution as well as the Declaration of
Independence (and many other writings as well). Even if a country considered itself to be
entirely secular, it would be nearly impossible to avoid the fingerprints of God on whatever laws
they would inevitably create (that is if they planned on having a shred of morality in their laws).
To imagine that any set of laws that would have the best interest in the people they would effect
not having the influence of God in them, seems entirely impossible.
As the text states, Talmudic law does not mandate that it is to be “universalized.”
Regardless of that, it has much to offer to the world whether of the Jewish faith or not. The
Jewish people have overcome obstacles of all shapes and sizes throughout their existence.
Their grounding and adherence to Talmudic law and tradition has carried them throughout.
God made a covenant with the Jewish people and they are his “chosen people.” He provided
them with the Talmudic and that in and of itself should be sufficient to give both Jew and
Gentile reason enough to have appreciation for what it says to all.
ESSAY #1 90
While Talmudic law was not born out of the commandments given to Moses by God, it
was most certainly strengthened and reaffirmed by the Ten Commandments. Talmudic law
recognizes two general, yet specific categories of value. One is the duties which are derived
from man's relationship to God; the other is duties which are derived from man's relationship to
others. The laws dealing with man's relationship to God are, in fact, the implementation of
Jewish teachings of theology. They are there to strengthen and affirm man’s relationship with
God. In terms of man’s relationship with others, the way that wealth and business is viewed is a
good example. Talmudic law generally looked favorable at business and acquiring wealth. In
fact, many Talmudic sages had occupations and some were quite wealthy. What was most
important was that wealth and riches should be acquired honestly and used to help the poor,
the needy, and just as importantly, used to help strangers.
The Talmud is divided into six general sections, referred to as Sedarim or “orders.” They
are:
• Zera’im or “Seeds” deal with agricultural laws and also deal with laws regarding
blessings and prayers.
• Mo’ed or “Festival” deals with laws surrounding holidays.
• Nashim or “Women” deals with the issue of marriage and divorce.
• Nezikin or “Damages” deals with civil and criminal law, along with ethics.
• Kodashim or “Holy Things” deals with laws regarding sacrifices, the Temple, and
various dietary laws.
• Taharot or “Purities” covers laws of ritual purity.
The question as to whether this legal tradition has allowed the Jewish people to
maintain their identity is an interesting one to answer. In the simplest of terms, a person born
to a Jewish mother is a Jew. Likewise, if a person converts to Judaism, he or she is a Jew.
Unfortunately it is a little more complex to explain the identity of the Jewish people. The Jewish
people have been nomadic throughout their existence to say the least. As a people they have
ESSAY #1 91
“expelled” from numerous countries over their history; England, Germany, Italy, and Spain to
name a few. Even the land promised to them by God is difficult to call home due to the due to
the instability caused by others (namely the Palestinians) claiming it as their own. With the
uncertainty of a geographic identity, Talmudic law fills the space providing Jews with a strong
sense of identity.
The Jewish people came into existence through their belief structure and covenants that
they make amongst themselves long before they had a “land” to call their own. It is unfortunate
that their nomadic history has caused them to rely on Talmudic tradition to define their identity,
but it can certainly be said that its impact is strengthened because of it.
In the absence of a geographic identity, the tradition and law of the Talmudic have
allowed the Jewish people to preserve and maintain their identity for generations past and for
generations to come. They have been enslaved and oppressed for much of their existence. This
is why Jews recite the following covenant at every Passover. “This is that which has stood for
our forefathers and for us. For not one alone has stood against us to destroy us. Rather, in every
generation they stand against us to wipe us out. But the Holy One, blessed be He, saves us from
their hand.” It was with that covenant, Abraham was also told that his children would first be
“strangers in a land not their own” where they would be subjected to years of slavery and
oppression. It is hard to imagine that Talmudic law will ever cease to be a vital source of
identity for those who call themselves a Jew.
The text laments that while it was influenced by other models (Roman as an example),
Talmudic law itself has been highly influential in the formation of western law. Its impact can be
seen in civil and criminal law, as well as commercial law construction. An examination of the Bill
of Rights in the US Constitution revels the influence Talmudic law and thought. Talmudic law is
heavily in examples of “rights” just as the Bill of Rights (as its name dictates) lays out the
inalienable rights of man given to him by God. The second president of the United States, John
Adams was quoted as having said “The Jews have done more to civilize men than any other
nation....They are the most glorious Nation that ever inhabited the earth. The Romans and their
ESSAY #1 92
Empire were but a bauble in comparison to the Jews. They have given religion to three-quarters
of the Globe and have influenced the affairs of Mankind more, and more happily than any other
Nation, ancient or modern.”
Another area of influence can be found in the structure if the United States Congress.
The Jewish people were made of tribes and had leaders of those tribes. Contrast that with the
states that constitute America having leaders (Senators) of each state (tribe). Furthermore
Deuteronomy 1:13 describes what can arguably be an influential catalyst for the creation of the
House of Representatives, “Select for yourselves men who are wise, understanding, and known
to your tribes and I will appoint them as your leaders.” George Washington said at his farewell
address; "Of all the dispositions and habits which lead to political prosperity, Religion and
morality are indispensable supports. Whatever may be conceded to the influence of refined
education on minds of peculiar structure, reason and experience both forbid us to expect that
National morality can prevail in the exclusion of religious principle."
It is no secret that the Founding Fathers were religious men and their personal beliefs
greatly influenced the words that are included in the Constitution as well as the Declaration of
Independence (and many other writings as well). Even if a country considered itself to be
entirely secular, it would be nearly impossible to avoid the fingerprints of God on whatever laws
they would inevitably create (that is if they planned on having a shred of morality in their laws).
To imagine that any set of laws that would have the best interest in the people they would effect
not having the influence of God in them, seems entirely impossible.
As the text states, Talmudic law does not mandate that it is to be “universalized.”
Regardless of that, it has much to offer to the world whether of the Jewish faith or not. The
Jewish people have overcome obstacles of all shapes and sizes throughout their existence.
Their grounding and adherence to Talmudic law and tradition has carried them throughout.
God made a covenant with the Jewish people and they are his “chosen people.” He provided
them with the Talmudic and that in and of itself should be sufficient to give both Jew and
Gentile reason enough to have appreciation for what it says to all.
ESSAY #1 93
While Talmudic law was not born out of the commandments given to Moses by God, it
was most certainly strengthened and reaffirmed by the Ten Commandments. Talmudic law
recognizes two general, yet specific categories of value. One is the duties which are derived
from man's relationship to God; the other is duties which are derived from man's relationship to
others. The laws dealing with man's relationship to God are, in fact, the implementation of
Jewish teachings of theology. They are there to strengthen and affirm man’s relationship with
God. In terms of man’s relationship with others, the way that wealth and business is viewed is a
good example. Talmudic law generally looked favorable at business and acquiring wealth. In
fact, many Talmudic sages had occupations and some were quite wealthy. What was most
important was that wealth and riches should be acquired honestly and used to help the poor,
the needy, and just as importantly, used to help strangers.
The Talmud is divided into six general sections, referred to as Sedarim or “orders.” They
are:
• Zera’im or “Seeds” deal with agricultural laws and also deal with laws regarding
blessings and prayers.
• Mo’ed or “Festival” deals with laws surrounding holidays.
• Nashim or “Women” deals with the issue of marriage and divorce.
• Nezikin or “Damages” deals with civil and criminal law, along with ethics.
• Kodashim or “Holy Things” deals with laws regarding sacrifices, the Temple, and
various dietary laws.
• Taharot or “Purities” covers laws of ritual purity.
The question as to whether this legal tradition has allowed the Jewish people to
maintain their identity is an interesting one to answer. In the simplest of terms, a person born
to a Jewish mother is a Jew. Likewise, if a person converts to Judaism, he or she is a Jew.
Unfortunately it is a little more complex to explain the identity of the Jewish people. The Jewish
people have been nomadic throughout their existence to say the least. As a people they have
ESSAY #1 94
“expelled” from numerous countries over their history; England, Germany, Italy, and Spain to
name a few. Even the land promised to them by God is difficult to call home due to the due to
the instability caused by others (namely the Palestinians) claiming it as their own. With the
uncertainty of a geographic identity, Talmudic law fills the space providing Jews with a strong
sense of identity.
The Jewish people came into existence through their belief structure and covenants that
they make amongst themselves long before they had a “land” to call their own. It is unfortunate
that their nomadic history has caused them to rely on Talmudic tradition to define their identity,
but it can certainly be said that its impact is strengthened because of it.
In the absence of a geographic identity, the tradition and law of the Talmudic have
allowed the Jewish people to preserve and maintain their identity for generations past and for
generations to come. They have been enslaved and oppressed for much of their existence. This
is why Jews recite the following covenant at every Passover. “This is that which has stood for
our forefathers and for us. For not one alone has stood against us to destroy us. Rather, in every
generation they stand against us to wipe us out. But the Holy One, blessed be He, saves us from
their hand.” It was with that covenant, Abraham was also told that his children would first be
“strangers in a land not their own” where they would be subjected to years of slavery and
oppression. It is hard to imagine that Talmudic law will ever cease to be a vital source of
identity for those who call themselves a Jew.
The text laments that while it was influenced by other models (Roman as an example),
Talmudic law itself has been highly influential in the formation of western law. Its impact can be
seen in civil and criminal law, as well as commercial law construction. An examination of the Bill
of Rights in the US Constitution revels the influence Talmudic law and thought. Talmudic law is
heavily in examples of “rights” just as the Bill of Rights (as its name dictates) lays out the
inalienable rights of man given to him by God. The second president of the United States, John
Adams was quoted as having said “The Jews have done more to civilize men than any other
nation....They are the most glorious Nation that ever inhabited the earth. The Romans and their
ESSAY #1 95
Empire were but a bauble in comparison to the Jews. They have given religion to three-quarters
of the Globe and have influenced the affairs of Mankind more, and more happily than any other
Nation, ancient or modern.”
Another area of influence can be found in the structure if the United States Congress.
The Jewish people were made of tribes and had leaders of those tribes. Contrast that with the
states that constitute America having leaders (Senators) of each state (tribe). Furthermore
Deuteronomy 1:13 describes what can arguably be an influential catalyst for the creation of the
House of Representatives, “Select for yourselves men who are wise, understanding, and known
to your tribes and I will appoint them as your leaders.” George Washington said at his farewell
address; "Of all the dispositions and habits which lead to political prosperity, Religion and
morality are indispensable supports. Whatever may be conceded to the influence of refined
education on minds of peculiar structure, reason and experience both forbid us to expect that
National morality can prevail in the exclusion of religious principle."
It is no secret that the Founding Fathers were religious men and their personal beliefs
greatly influenced the words that are included in the Constitution as well as the Declaration of
Independence (and many other writings as well). Even if a country considered itself to be
entirely secular, it would be nearly impossible to avoid the fingerprints of God on whatever laws
they would inevitably create (that is if they planned on having a shred of morality in their laws).
To imagine that any set of laws that would have the best interest in the people they would effect
not having the influence of God in them, seems entirely impossible.
As the text states, Talmudic law does not mandate that it is to be “universalized.”
Regardless of that, it has much to offer to the world whether of the Jewish faith or not. The
Jewish people have overcome obstacles of all shapes and sizes throughout their existence.
Their grounding and adherence to Talmudic law and tradition has carried them throughout.
God made a covenant with the Jewish people and they are his “chosen people.” He provided
them with the Talmudic and that in and of itself should be sufficient to give both Jew and
Gentile reason enough to have appreciation for what it says to all.
ESSAY #1 96
While Talmudic law was not born out of the commandments given to Moses by God, it
was most certainly strengthened and reaffirmed by the Ten Commandments. Talmudic law
recognizes two general, yet specific categories of value. One is the duties which are derived
from man's relationship to God; the other is duties which are derived from man's relationship to
others. The laws dealing with man's relationship to God are, in fact, the implementation of
Jewish teachings of theology. They are there to strengthen and affirm man’s relationship with
God. In terms of man’s relationship with others, the way that wealth and business is viewed is a
good example. Talmudic law generally looked favorable at business and acquiring wealth. In
fact, many Talmudic sages had occupations and some were quite wealthy. What was most
important was that wealth and riches should be acquired honestly and used to help the poor,
the needy, and just as importantly, used to help strangers.
The Talmud is divided into six general sections, referred to as Sedarim or “orders.” They
are:
• Zera’im or “Seeds” deal with agricultural laws and also deal with laws regarding
blessings and prayers.
• Mo’ed or “Festival” deals with laws surrounding holidays.
• Nashim or “Women” deals with the issue of marriage and divorce.
• Nezikin or “Damages” deals with civil and criminal law, along with ethics.
• Kodashim or “Holy Things” deals with laws regarding sacrifices, the Temple, and
various dietary laws.
• Taharot or “Purities” covers laws of ritual purity.
The question as to whether this legal tradition has allowed the Jewish people to
maintain their identity is an interesting one to answer. In the simplest of terms, a person born
to a Jewish mother is a Jew. Likewise, if a person converts to Judaism, he or she is a Jew.
Unfortunately it is a little more complex to explain the identity of the Jewish people. The Jewish
people have been nomadic throughout their existence to say the least. As a people they have
ESSAY #1 97
“expelled” from numerous countries over their history; England, Germany, Italy, and Spain to
name a few. Even the land promised to them by God is difficult to call home due to the due to
the instability caused by others (namely the Palestinians) claiming it as their own. With the
uncertainty of a geographic identity, Talmudic law fills the space providing Jews with a strong
sense of identity.
The Jewish people came into existence through their belief structure and covenants that
they make amongst themselves long before they had a “land” to call their own. It is unfortunate
that their nomadic history has caused them to rely on Talmudic tradition to define their identity,
but it can certainly be said that its impact is strengthened because of it.
In the absence of a geographic identity, the tradition and law of the Talmudic have
allowed the Jewish people to preserve and maintain their identity for generations past and for
generations to come. They have been enslaved and oppressed for much of their existence. This
is why Jews recite the following covenant at every Passover. “This is that which has stood for
our forefathers and for us. For not one alone has stood against us to destroy us. Rather, in every
generation they stand against us to wipe us out. But the Holy One, blessed be He, saves us from
their hand.” It was with that covenant, Abraham was also told that his children would first be
“strangers in a land not their own” where they would be subjected to years of slavery and
oppression. It is hard to imagine that Talmudic law will ever cease to be a vital source of
identity for those who call themselves a Jew.
The text laments that while it was influenced by other models (Roman as an example),
Talmudic law itself has been highly influential in the formation of western law. Its impact can be
seen in civil and criminal law, as well as commercial law construction. An examination of the Bill
of Rights in the US Constitution revels the influence Talmudic law and thought. Talmudic law is
heavily in examples of “rights” just as the Bill of Rights (as its name dictates) lays out the
inalienable rights of man given to him by God. The second president of the United States, John
Adams was quoted as having said “The Jews have done more to civilize men than any other
nation....They are the most glorious Nation that ever inhabited the earth. The Romans and their
ESSAY #1 98
Empire were but a bauble in comparison to the Jews. They have given religion to three-quarters
of the Globe and have influenced the affairs of Mankind more, and more happily than any other
Nation, ancient or modern.”
Another area of influence can be found in the structure if the United States Congress.
The Jewish people were made of tribes and had leaders of those tribes. Contrast that with the
states that constitute America having leaders (Senators) of each state (tribe). Furthermore
Deuteronomy 1:13 describes what can arguably be an influential catalyst for the creation of the
House of Representatives, “Select for yourselves men who are wise, understanding, and known
to your tribes and I will appoint them as your leaders.” George Washington said at his farewell
address; "Of all the dispositions and habits which lead to political prosperity, Religion and
morality are indispensable supports. Whatever may be conceded to the influence of refined
education on minds of peculiar structure, reason and experience both forbid us to expect that
National morality can prevail in the exclusion of religious principle."
It is no secret that the Founding Fathers were religious men and their personal beliefs
greatly influenced the words that are included in the Constitution as well as the Declaration of
Independence (and many other writings as well). Even if a country considered itself to be
entirely secular, it would be nearly impossible to avoid the fingerprints of God on whatever laws
they would inevitably create (that is if they planned on having a shred of morality in their laws).
To imagine that any set of laws that would have the best interest in the people they would effect
not having the influence of God in them, seems entirely impossible.
As the text states, Talmudic law does not mandate that it is to be “universalized.”
Regardless of that, it has much to offer to the world whether of the Jewish faith or not. The
Jewish people have overcome obstacles of all shapes and sizes throughout their existence.
Their grounding and adherence to Talmudic law and tradition has carried them throughout.
God made a covenant with the Jewish people and they are his “chosen people.” He provided
them with the Talmudic and that in and of itself should be sufficient to give both Jew and
Gentile reason enough to have appreciation for what it says to all.
ESSAY #1 99
While Talmudic law was not born out of the commandments given to Moses by God, it
was most certainly strengthened and reaffirmed by the Ten Commandments. Talmudic law
recognizes two general, yet specific categories of value. One is the duties which are derived
from man's relationship to God; the other is duties which are derived from man's relationship to
others. The laws dealing with man's relationship to God are, in fact, the implementation of
Jewish teachings of theology. They are there to strengthen and affirm man’s relationship with
God. In terms of man’s relationship with others, the way that wealth and business is viewed is a
good example. Talmudic law generally looked favorable at business and acquiring wealth. In
fact, many Talmudic sages had occupations and some were quite wealthy. What was most
important was that wealth and riches should be acquired honestly and used to help the poor,
the needy, and just as importantly, used to help strangers.
The Talmud is divided into six general sections, referred to as Sedarim or “orders.” They
are:
• Zera’im or “Seeds” deal with agricultural laws and also deal with laws regarding
blessings and prayers.
• Mo’ed or “Festival” deals with laws surrounding holidays.
• Nashim or “Women” deals with the issue of marriage and divorce.
• Nezikin or “Damages” deals with civil and criminal law, along with ethics.
• Kodashim or “Holy Things” deals with laws regarding sacrifices, the Temple, and
various dietary laws.
• Taharot or “Purities” covers laws of ritual purity.
The question as to whether this legal tradition has allowed the Jewish people to
maintain their identity is an interesting one to answer. In the simplest of terms, a person born
to a Jewish mother is a Jew. Likewise, if a person converts to Judaism, he or she is a Jew.
Unfortunately it is a little more complex to explain the identity of the Jewish people. The Jewish
people have been nomadic throughout their existence to say the least. As a people they have
ESSAY #1 100
“expelled” from numerous countries over their history; England, Germany, Italy, and Spain to
name a few. Even the land promised to them by God is difficult to call home due to the due to
the instability caused by others (namely the Palestinians) claiming it as their own. With the
uncertainty of a geographic identity, Talmudic law fills the space providing Jews with a strong
sense of identity.
The Jewish people came into existence through their belief structure and covenants that
they make amongst themselves long before they had a “land” to call their own. It is unfortunate
that their nomadic history has caused them to rely on Talmudic tradition to define their identity,
but it can certainly be said that its impact is strengthened because of it.
In the absence of a geographic identity, the tradition and law of the Talmudic have
allowed the Jewish people to preserve and maintain their identity for generations past and for
generations to come. They have been enslaved and oppressed for much of their existence. This
is why Jews recite the following covenant at every Passover. “This is that which has stood for
our forefathers and for us. For not one alone has stood against us to destroy us. Rather, in every
generation they stand against us to wipe us out. But the Holy One, blessed be He, saves us from
their hand.” It was with that covenant, Abraham was also told that his children would first be
“strangers in a land not their own” where they would be subjected to years of slavery and
oppression. It is hard to imagine that Talmudic law will ever cease to be a vital source of
identity for those who call themselves a Jew.
The text laments that while it was influenced by other models (Roman as an example),
Talmudic law itself has been highly influential in the formation of western law. Its impact can be
seen in civil and criminal law, as well as commercial law construction. An examination of the Bill
of Rights in the US Constitution revels the influence Talmudic law and thought. Talmudic law is
heavily in examples of “rights” just as the Bill of Rights (as its name dictates) lays out the
inalienable rights of man given to him by God. The second president of the United States, John
Adams was quoted as having said “The Jews have done more to civilize men than any other
nation....They are the most glorious Nation that ever inhabited the earth. The Romans and their
ESSAY #1 101
Empire were but a bauble in comparison to the Jews. They have given religion to three-quarters
of the Globe and have influenced the affairs of Mankind more, and more happily than any other
Nation, ancient or modern.”
Another area of influence can be found in the structure if the United States Congress.
The Jewish people were made of tribes and had leaders of those tribes. Contrast that with the
states that constitute America having leaders (Senators) of each state (tribe). Furthermore
Deuteronomy 1:13 describes what can arguably be an influential catalyst for the creation of the
House of Representatives, “Select for yourselves men who are wise, understanding, and known
to your tribes and I will appoint them as your leaders.” George Washington said at his farewell
address; "Of all the dispositions and habits which lead to political prosperity, Religion and
morality are indispensable supports. Whatever may be conceded to the influence of refined
education on minds of peculiar structure, reason and experience both forbid us to expect that
National morality can prevail in the exclusion of religious principle."
It is no secret that the Founding Fathers were religious men and their personal beliefs
greatly influenced the words that are included in the Constitution as well as the Declaration of
Independence (and many other writings as well). Even if a country considered itself to be
entirely secular, it would be nearly impossible to avoid the fingerprints of God on whatever laws
they would inevitably create (that is if they planned on having a shred of morality in their laws).
To imagine that any set of laws that would have the best interest in the people they would effect
not having the influence of God in them, seems entirely impossible.
As the text states, Talmudic law does not mandate that it is to be “universalized.”
Regardless of that, it has much to offer to the world whether of the Jewish faith or not. The
Jewish people have overcome obstacles of all shapes and sizes throughout their existence.
Their grounding and adherence to Talmudic law and tradition has carried them throughout.
God made a covenant with the Jewish people and they are his “chosen people.” He provided
them with the Talmudic and that in and of itself should be sufficient to give both Jew and
Gentile reason enough to have appreciation for what it says to all.
ESSAY #1 102
While Talmudic law was not born out of the commandments given to Moses by God, it
was most certainly strengthened and reaffirmed by the Ten Commandments. Talmudic law
recognizes two general, yet specific categories of value. One is the duties which are derived
from man's relationship to God; the other is duties which are derived from man's relationship to
others. The laws dealing with man's relationship to God are, in fact, the implementation of
Jewish teachings of theology. They are there to strengthen and affirm man’s relationship with
God. In terms of man’s relationship with others, the way that wealth and business is viewed is a
good example. Talmudic law generally looked favorable at business and acquiring wealth. In
fact, many Talmudic sages had occupations and some were quite wealthy. What was most
important was that wealth and riches should be acquired honestly and used to help the poor,
the needy, and just as importantly, used to help strangers.
The Talmud is divided into six general sections, referred to as Sedarim or “orders.” They
are:
• Zera’im or “Seeds” deal with agricultural laws and also deal with laws regarding
blessings and prayers.
• Mo’ed or “Festival” deals with laws surrounding holidays.
• Nashim or “Women” deals with the issue of marriage and divorce.
• Nezikin or “Damages” deals with civil and criminal law, along with ethics.
• Kodashim or “Holy Things” deals with laws regarding sacrifices, the Temple, and
various dietary laws.
• Taharot or “Purities” covers laws of ritual purity.
The question as to whether this legal tradition has allowed the Jewish people to
maintain their identity is an interesting one to answer. In the simplest of terms, a person born
to a Jewish mother is a Jew. Likewise, if a person converts to Judaism, he or she is a Jew.
Unfortunately it is a little more complex to explain the identity of the Jewish people. The Jewish
people have been nomadic throughout their existence to say the least. As a people they have
ESSAY #1 103
“expelled” from numerous countries over their history; England, Germany, Italy, and Spain to
name a few. Even the land promised to them by God is difficult to call home due to the due to
the instability caused by others (namely the Palestinians) claiming it as their own. With the
uncertainty of a geographic identity, Talmudic law fills the space providing Jews with a strong
sense of identity.
The Jewish people came into existence through their belief structure and covenants that
they make amongst themselves long before they had a “land” to call their own. It is unfortunate
that their nomadic history has caused them to rely on Talmudic tradition to define their identity,
but it can certainly be said that its impact is strengthened because of it.
In the absence of a geographic identity, the tradition and law of the Talmudic have
allowed the Jewish people to preserve and maintain their identity for generations past and for
generations to come. They have been enslaved and oppressed for much of their existence. This
is why Jews recite the following covenant at every Passover. “This is that which has stood for
our forefathers and for us. For not one alone has stood against us to destroy us. Rather, in every
generation they stand against us to wipe us out. But the Holy One, blessed be He, saves us from
their hand.” It was with that covenant, Abraham was also told that his children would first be
“strangers in a land not their own” where they would be subjected to years of slavery and
oppression. It is hard to imagine that Talmudic law will ever cease to be a vital source of
identity for those who call themselves a Jew.
The text laments that while it was influenced by other models (Roman as an example),
Talmudic law itself has been highly influential in the formation of western law. Its impact can be
seen in civil and criminal law, as well as commercial law construction. An examination of the Bill
of Rights in the US Constitution revels the influence Talmudic law and thought. Talmudic law is
heavily in examples of “rights” just as the Bill of Rights (as its name dictates) lays out the
inalienable rights of man given to him by God. The second president of the United States, John
Adams was quoted as having said “The Jews have done more to civilize men than any other
nation....They are the most glorious Nation that ever inhabited the earth. The Romans and their
ESSAY #1 104
Empire were but a bauble in comparison to the Jews. They have given religion to three-quarters
of the Globe and have influenced the affairs of Mankind more, and more happily than any other
Nation, ancient or modern.”
Another area of influence can be found in the structure if the United States Congress.
The Jewish people were made of tribes and had leaders of those tribes. Contrast that with the
states that constitute America having leaders (Senators) of each state (tribe). Furthermore
Deuteronomy 1:13 describes what can arguably be an influential catalyst for the creation of the
House of Representatives, “Select for yourselves men who are wise, understanding, and known
to your tribes and I will appoint them as your leaders.” George Washington said at his farewell
address; "Of all the dispositions and habits which lead to political prosperity, Religion and
morality are indispensable supports. Whatever may be conceded to the influence of refined
education on minds of peculiar structure, reason and experience both forbid us to expect that
National morality can prevail in the exclusion of religious principle."
It is no secret that the Founding Fathers were religious men and their personal beliefs
greatly influenced the words that are included in the Constitution as well as the Declaration of
Independence (and many other writings as well). Even if a country considered itself to be
entirely secular, it would be nearly impossible to avoid the fingerprints of God on whatever laws
they would inevitably create (that is if they planned on having a shred of morality in their laws).
To imagine that any set of laws that would have the best interest in the people they would effect
not having the influence of God in them, seems entirely impossible.
As the text states, Talmudic law does not mandate that it is to be “universalized.”
Regardless of that, it has much to offer to the world whether of the Jewish faith or not. The
Jewish people have overcome obstacles of all shapes and sizes throughout their existence.
Their grounding and adherence to Talmudic law and tradition has carried them throughout.
God made a covenant with the Jewish people and they are his “chosen people.” He provided
them with the Talmudic and that in and of itself should be sufficient to give both Jew and
Gentile reason enough to have appreciation for what it says to all.
ESSAY #1 105
While Talmudic law was not born out of the commandments given to Moses by God, it
was most certainly strengthened and reaffirmed by the Ten Commandments. Talmudic law
recognizes two general, yet specific categories of value. One is the duties which are derived
from man's relationship to God; the other is duties which are derived from man's relationship to
others. The laws dealing with man's relationship to God are, in fact, the implementation of
Jewish teachings of theology. They are there to strengthen and affirm man’s relationship with
God. In terms of man’s relationship with others, the way that wealth and business is viewed is a
good example. Talmudic law generally looked favorable at business and acquiring wealth. In
fact, many Talmudic sages had occupations and some were quite wealthy. What was most
important was that wealth and riches should be acquired honestly and used to help the poor,
the needy, and just as importantly, used to help strangers.
The Talmud is divided into six general sections, referred to as Sedarim or “orders.” They
are:
• Zera’im or “Seeds” deal with agricultural laws and also deal with laws regarding
blessings and prayers.
• Mo’ed or “Festival” deals with laws surrounding holidays.
• Nashim or “Women” deals with the issue of marriage and divorce.
• Nezikin or “Damages” deals with civil and criminal law, along with ethics.
• Kodashim or “Holy Things” deals with laws regarding sacrifices, the Temple, and
various dietary laws.
• Taharot or “Purities” covers laws of ritual purity.
The question as to whether this legal tradition has allowed the Jewish people to
maintain their identity is an interesting one to answer. In the simplest of terms, a person born
to a Jewish mother is a Jew. Likewise, if a person converts to Judaism, he or she is a Jew.
Unfortunately it is a little more complex to explain the identity of the Jewish people. The Jewish
people have been nomadic throughout their existence to say the least. As a people they have
ESSAY #1 106
“expelled” from numerous countries over their history; England, Germany, Italy, and Spain to
name a few. Even the land promised to them by God is difficult to call home due to the due to
the instability caused by others (namely the Palestinians) claiming it as their own. With the
uncertainty of a geographic identity, Talmudic law fills the space providing Jews with a strong
sense of identity.
The Jewish people came into existence through their belief structure and covenants that
they make amongst themselves long before they had a “land” to call their own. It is unfortunate
that their nomadic history has caused them to rely on Talmudic tradition to define their identity,
but it can certainly be said that its impact is strengthened because of it.
In the absence of a geographic identity, the tradition and law of the Talmudic have
allowed the Jewish people to preserve and maintain their identity for generations past and for
generations to come. They have been enslaved and oppressed for much of their existence. This
is why Jews recite the following covenant at every Passover. “This is that which has stood for
our forefathers and for us. For not one alone has stood against us to destroy us. Rather, in every
generation they stand against us to wipe us out. But the Holy One, blessed be He, saves us from
their hand.” It was with that covenant, Abraham was also told that his children would first be
“strangers in a land not their own” where they would be subjected to years of slavery and
oppression. It is hard to imagine that Talmudic law will ever cease to be a vital source of
identity for those who call themselves a Jew.
The text laments that while it was influenced by other models (Roman as an example),
Talmudic law itself has been highly influential in the formation of western law. Its impact can be
seen in civil and criminal law, as well as commercial law construction. An examination of the Bill
of Rights in the US Constitution revels the influence Talmudic law and thought. Talmudic law is
heavily in examples of “rights” just as the Bill of Rights (as its name dictates) lays out the
inalienable rights of man given to him by God. The second president of the United States, John
Adams was quoted as having said “The Jews have done more to civilize men than any other
nation....They are the most glorious Nation that ever inhabited the earth. The Romans and their
ESSAY #1 107
Empire were but a bauble in comparison to the Jews. They have given religion to three-quarters
of the Globe and have influenced the affairs of Mankind more, and more happily than any other
Nation, ancient or modern.”
Another area of influence can be found in the structure if the United States Congress.
The Jewish people were made of tribes and had leaders of those tribes. Contrast that with the
states that constitute America having leaders (Senators) of each state (tribe). Furthermore
Deuteronomy 1:13 describes what can arguably be an influential catalyst for the creation of the
House of Representatives, “Select for yourselves men who are wise, understanding, and known
to your tribes and I will appoint them as your leaders.” George Washington said at his farewell
address; "Of all the dispositions and habits which lead to political prosperity, Religion and
morality are indispensable supports. Whatever may be conceded to the influence of refined
education on minds of peculiar structure, reason and experience both forbid us to expect that
National morality can prevail in the exclusion of religious principle."
It is no secret that the Founding Fathers were religious men and their personal beliefs
greatly influenced the words that are included in the Constitution as well as the Declaration of
Independence (and many other writings as well). Even if a country considered itself to be
entirely secular, it would be nearly impossible to avoid the fingerprints of God on whatever laws
they would inevitably create (that is if they planned on having a shred of morality in their laws).
To imagine that any set of laws that would have the best interest in the people they would effect
not having the influence of God in them, seems entirely impossible.
As the text states, Talmudic law does not mandate that it is to be “universalized.”
Regardless of that, it has much to offer to the world whether of the Jewish faith or not. The
Jewish people have overcome obstacles of all shapes and sizes throughout their existence.
Their grounding and adherence to Talmudic law and tradition has carried them throughout.
God made a covenant with the Jewish people and they are his “chosen people.” He provided
them with the Talmudic and that in and of itself should be sufficient to give both Jew and
Gentile reason enough to have appreciation for what it says to all.
ESSAY #1 108
While Talmudic law was not born out of the commandments given to Moses by God, it
was most certainly strengthened and reaffirmed by the Ten Commandments. Talmudic law
recognizes two general, yet specific categories of value. One is the duties which are derived
from man's relationship to God; the other is duties which are derived from man's relationship to
others. The laws dealing with man's relationship to God are, in fact, the implementation of
Jewish teachings of theology. They are there to strengthen and affirm man’s relationship with
God. In terms of man’s relationship with others, the way that wealth and business is viewed is a
good example. Talmudic law generally looked favorable at business and acquiring wealth. In
fact, many Talmudic sages had occupations and some were quite wealthy. What was most
important was that wealth and riches should be acquired honestly and used to help the poor,
the needy, and just as importantly, used to help strangers.
The Talmud is divided into six general sections, referred to as Sedarim or “orders.” They
are:
• Zera’im or “Seeds” deal with agricultural laws and also deal with laws regarding
blessings and prayers.
• Mo’ed or “Festival” deals with laws surrounding holidays.
• Nashim or “Women” deals with the issue of marriage and divorce.
• Nezikin or “Damages” deals with civil and criminal law, along with ethics.
• Kodashim or “Holy Things” deals with laws regarding sacrifices, the Temple, and
various dietary laws.
• Taharot or “Purities” covers laws of ritual purity.
The question as to whether this legal tradition has allowed the Jewish people to
maintain their identity is an interesting one to answer. In the simplest of terms, a person born
to a Jewish mother is a Jew. Likewise, if a person converts to Judaism, he or she is a Jew.
Unfortunately it is a little more complex to explain the identity of the Jewish people. The Jewish
people have been nomadic throughout their existence to say the least. As a people they have
ESSAY #1 109
“expelled” from numerous countries over their history; England, Germany, Italy, and Spain to
name a few. Even the land promised to them by God is difficult to call home due to the due to
the instability caused by others (namely the Palestinians) claiming it as their own. With the
uncertainty of a geographic identity, Talmudic law fills the space providing Jews with a strong
sense of identity.
The Jewish people came into existence through their belief structure and covenants that
they make amongst themselves long before they had a “land” to call their own. It is unfortunate
that their nomadic history has caused them to rely on Talmudic tradition to define their identity,
but it can certainly be said that its impact is strengthened because of it.
In the absence of a geographic identity, the tradition and law of the Talmudic have
allowed the Jewish people to preserve and maintain their identity for generations past and for
generations to come. They have been enslaved and oppressed for much of their existence. This
is why Jews recite the following covenant at every Passover. “This is that which has stood for
our forefathers and for us. For not one alone has stood against us to destroy us. Rather, in every
generation they stand against us to wipe us out. But the Holy One, blessed be He, saves us from
their hand.” It was with that covenant, Abraham was also told that his children would first be
“strangers in a land not their own” where they would be subjected to years of slavery and
oppression. It is hard to imagine that Talmudic law will ever cease to be a vital source of
identity for those who call themselves a Jew.
The text laments that while it was influenced by other models (Roman as an example),
Talmudic law itself has been highly influential in the formation of western law. Its impact can be
seen in civil and criminal law, as well as commercial law construction. An examination of the Bill
of Rights in the US Constitution revels the influence Talmudic law and thought. Talmudic law is
heavily in examples of “rights” just as the Bill of Rights (as its name dictates) lays out the
inalienable rights of man given to him by God. The second president of the United States, John
Adams was quoted as having said “The Jews have done more to civilize men than any other
nation....They are the most glorious Nation that ever inhabited the earth. The Romans and their
ESSAY #1 110
Empire were but a bauble in comparison to the Jews. They have given religion to three-quarters
of the Globe and have influenced the affairs of Mankind more, and more happily than any other
Nation, ancient or modern.”
Another area of influence can be found in the structure if the United States Congress.
The Jewish people were made of tribes and had leaders of those tribes. Contrast that with the
states that constitute America having leaders (Senators) of each state (tribe). Furthermore
Deuteronomy 1:13 describes what can arguably be an influential catalyst for the creation of the
House of Representatives, “Select for yourselves men who are wise, understanding, and known
to your tribes and I will appoint them as your leaders.” George Washington said at his farewell
address; "Of all the dispositions and habits which lead to political prosperity, Religion and
morality are indispensable supports. Whatever may be conceded to the influence of refined
education on minds of peculiar structure, reason and experience both forbid us to expect that
National morality can prevail in the exclusion of religious principle."
It is no secret that the Founding Fathers were religious men and their personal beliefs
greatly influenced the words that are included in the Constitution as well as the Declaration of
Independence (and many other writings as well). Even if a country considered itself to be
entirely secular, it would be nearly impossible to avoid the fingerprints of God on whatever laws
they would inevitably create (that is if they planned on having a shred of morality in their laws).
To imagine that any set of laws that would have the best interest in the people they would effect
not having the influence of God in them, seems entirely impossible.
As the text states, Talmudic law does not mandate that it is to be “universalized.”
Regardless of that, it has much to offer to the world whether of the Jewish faith or not. The
Jewish people have overcome obstacles of all shapes and sizes throughout their existence.
Their grounding and adherence to Talmudic law and tradition has carried them throughout.
God made a covenant with the Jewish people and they are his “chosen people.” He provided
them with the Talmudic and that in and of itself should be sufficient to give both Jew and
Gentile reason enough to have appreciation for what it says to all.
ESSAY #1 111
While Talmudic law was not born out of the commandments given to Moses by God, it
was most certainly strengthened and reaffirmed by the Ten Commandments. Talmudic law
recognizes two general, yet specific categories of value. One is the duties which are derived
from man's relationship to God; the other is duties which are derived from man's relationship to
others. The laws dealing with man's relationship to God are, in fact, the implementation of
Jewish teachings of theology. They are there to strengthen and affirm man’s relationship with
God. In terms of man’s relationship with others, the way that wealth and business is viewed is a
good example. Talmudic law generally looked favorable at business and acquiring wealth. In
fact, many Talmudic sages had occupations and some were quite wealthy. What was most
important was that wealth and riches should be acquired honestly and used to help the poor,
the needy, and just as importantly, used to help strangers.
The Talmud is divided into six general sections, referred to as Sedarim or “orders.” They
are:
• Zera’im or “Seeds” deal with agricultural laws and also deal with laws regarding
blessings and prayers.
• Mo’ed or “Festival” deals with laws surrounding holidays.
• Nashim or “Women” deals with the issue of marriage and divorce.
• Nezikin or “Damages” deals with civil and criminal law, along with ethics.
• Kodashim or “Holy Things” deals with laws regarding sacrifices, the Temple, and
various dietary laws.
• Taharot or “Purities” covers laws of ritual purity.
The question as to whether this legal tradition has allowed the Jewish people to
maintain their identity is an interesting one to answer. In the simplest of terms, a person born
to a Jewish mother is a Jew. Likewise, if a person converts to Judaism, he or she is a Jew.
Unfortunately it is a little more complex to explain the identity of the Jewish people. The Jewish
people have been nomadic throughout their existence to say the least. As a people they have
ESSAY #1 112
“expelled” from numerous countries over their history; England, Germany, Italy, and Spain to
name a few. Even the land promised to them by God is difficult to call home due to the due to
the instability caused by others (namely the Palestinians) claiming it as their own. With the
uncertainty of a geographic identity, Talmudic law fills the space providing Jews with a strong
sense of identity.
The Jewish people came into existence through their belief structure and covenants that
they make amongst themselves long before they had a “land” to call their own. It is unfortunate
that their nomadic history has caused them to rely on Talmudic tradition to define their identity,
but it can certainly be said that its impact is strengthened because of it.
In the absence of a geographic identity, the tradition and law of the Talmudic have
allowed the Jewish people to preserve and maintain their identity for generations past and for
generations to come. They have been enslaved and oppressed for much of their existence. This
is why Jews recite the following covenant at every Passover. “This is that which has stood for
our forefathers and for us. For not one alone has stood against us to destroy us. Rather, in every
generation they stand against us to wipe us out. But the Holy One, blessed be He, saves us from
their hand.” It was with that covenant, Abraham was also told that his children would first be
“strangers in a land not their own” where they would be subjected to years of slavery and
oppression. It is hard to imagine that Talmudic law will ever cease to be a vital source of
identity for those who call themselves a Jew.
The text laments that while it was influenced by other models (Roman as an example),
Talmudic law itself has been highly influential in the formation of western law. Its impact can be
seen in civil and criminal law, as well as commercial law construction. An examination of the Bill
of Rights in the US Constitution revels the influence Talmudic law and thought. Talmudic law is
heavily in examples of “rights” just as the Bill of Rights (as its name dictates) lays out the
inalienable rights of man given to him by God. The second president of the United States, John
Adams was quoted as having said “The Jews have done more to civilize men than any other
nation....They are the most glorious Nation that ever inhabited the earth. The Romans and their
ESSAY #1 113
Empire were but a bauble in comparison to the Jews. They have given religion to three-quarters
of the Globe and have influenced the affairs of Mankind more, and more happily than any other
Nation, ancient or modern.”
Another area of influence can be found in the structure if the United States Congress.
The Jewish people were made of tribes and had leaders of those tribes. Contrast that with the
states that constitute America having leaders (Senators) of each state (tribe). Furthermore
Deuteronomy 1:13 describes what can arguably be an influential catalyst for the creation of the
House of Representatives, “Select for yourselves men who are wise, understanding, and known
to your tribes and I will appoint them as your leaders.” George Washington said at his farewell
address; "Of all the dispositions and habits which lead to political prosperity, Religion and
morality are indispensable supports. Whatever may be conceded to the influence of refined
education on minds of peculiar structure, reason and experience both forbid us to expect that
National morality can prevail in the exclusion of religious principle."
It is no secret that the Founding Fathers were religious men and their personal beliefs
greatly influenced the words that are included in the Constitution as well as the Declaration of
Independence (and many other writings as well). Even if a country considered itself to be
entirely secular, it would be nearly impossible to avoid the fingerprints of God on whatever laws
they would inevitably create (that is if they planned on having a shred of morality in their laws).
To imagine that any set of laws that would have the best interest in the people they would effect
not having the influence of God in them, seems entirely impossible.
As the text states, Talmudic law does not mandate that it is to be “universalized.”
Regardless of that, it has much to offer to the world whether of the Jewish faith or not. The
Jewish people have overcome obstacles of all shapes and sizes throughout their existence.
Their grounding and adherence to Talmudic law and tradition has carried them throughout.
God made a covenant with the Jewish people and they are his “chosen people.” He provided
them with the Talmudic and that in and of itself should be sufficient to give both Jew and
Gentile reason enough to have appreciation for what it says to all.
ESSAY #1 114
While Talmudic law was not born out of the commandments given to Moses by God, it
was most certainly strengthened and reaffirmed by the Ten Commandments. Talmudic law
recognizes two general, yet specific categories of value. One is the duties which are derived
from man's relationship to God; the other is duties which are derived from man's relationship to
others. The laws dealing with man's relationship to God are, in fact, the implementation of
Jewish teachings of theology. They are there to strengthen and affirm man’s relationship with
God. In terms of man’s relationship with others, the way that wealth and business is viewed is a
good example. Talmudic law generally looked favorable at business and acquiring wealth. In
fact, many Talmudic sages had occupations and some were quite wealthy. What was most
important was that wealth and riches should be acquired honestly and used to help the poor,
the needy, and just as importantly, used to help strangers.
The Talmud is divided into six general sections, referred to as Sedarim or “orders.” They
are:
• Zera’im or “Seeds” deal with agricultural laws and also deal with laws regarding
blessings and prayers.
• Mo’ed or “Festival” deals with laws surrounding holidays.
• Nashim or “Women” deals with the issue of marriage and divorce.
• Nezikin or “Damages” deals with civil and criminal law, along with ethics.
• Kodashim or “Holy Things” deals with laws regarding sacrifices, the Temple, and
various dietary laws.
• Taharot or “Purities” covers laws of ritual purity.
The question as to whether this legal tradition has allowed the Jewish people to
maintain their identity is an interesting one to answer. In the simplest of terms, a person born
to a Jewish mother is a Jew. Likewise, if a person converts to Judaism, he or she is a Jew.
Unfortunately it is a little more complex to explain the identity of the Jewish people. The Jewish
people have been nomadic throughout their existence to say the least. As a people they have
ESSAY #1 115
“expelled” from numerous countries over their history; England, Germany, Italy, and Spain to
name a few. Even the land promised to them by God is difficult to call home due to the due to
the instability caused by others (namely the Palestinians) claiming it as their own. With the
uncertainty of a geographic identity, Talmudic law fills the space providing Jews with a strong
sense of identity.
The Jewish people came into existence through their belief structure and covenants that
they make amongst themselves long before they had a “land” to call their own. It is unfortunate
that their nomadic history has caused them to rely on Talmudic tradition to define their identity,
but it can certainly be said that its impact is strengthened because of it.
In the absence of a geographic identity, the tradition and law of the Talmudic have
allowed the Jewish people to preserve and maintain their identity for generations past and for
generations to come. They have been enslaved and oppressed for much of their existence. This
is why Jews recite the following covenant at every Passover. “This is that which has stood for
our forefathers and for us. For not one alone has stood against us to destroy us. Rather, in every
generation they stand against us to wipe us out. But the Holy One, blessed be He, saves us from
their hand.” It was with that covenant, Abraham was also told that his children would first be
“strangers in a land not their own” where they would be subjected to years of slavery and
oppression. It is hard to imagine that Talmudic law will ever cease to be a vital source of
identity for those who call themselves a Jew.
The text laments that while it was influenced by other models (Roman as an example),
Talmudic law itself has been highly influential in the formation of western law. Its impact can be
seen in civil and criminal law, as well as commercial law construction. An examination of the Bill
of Rights in the US Constitution revels the influence Talmudic law and thought. Talmudic law is
heavily in examples of “rights” just as the Bill of Rights (as its name dictates) lays out the
inalienable rights of man given to him by God. The second president of the United States, John
Adams was quoted as having said “The Jews have done more to civilize men than any other
nation....They are the most glorious Nation that ever inhabited the earth. The Romans and their
ESSAY #1 116
Empire were but a bauble in comparison to the Jews. They have given religion to three-quarters
of the Globe and have influenced the affairs of Mankind more, and more happily than any other
Nation, ancient or modern.”
Another area of influence can be found in the structure if the United States Congress.
The Jewish people were made of tribes and had leaders of those tribes. Contrast that with the
states that constitute America having leaders (Senators) of each state (tribe). Furthermore
Deuteronomy 1:13 describes what can arguably be an influential catalyst for the creation of the
House of Representatives, “Select for yourselves men who are wise, understanding, and known
to your tribes and I will appoint them as your leaders.” George Washington said at his farewell
address; "Of all the dispositions and habits which lead to political prosperity, Religion and
morality are indispensable supports. Whatever may be conceded to the influence of refined
education on minds of peculiar structure, reason and experience both forbid us to expect that
National morality can prevail in the exclusion of religious principle."
It is no secret that the Founding Fathers were religious men and their personal beliefs
greatly influenced the words that are included in the Constitution as well as the Declaration of
Independence (and many other writings as well). Even if a country considered itself to be
entirely secular, it would be nearly impossible to avoid the fingerprints of God on whatever laws
they would inevitably create (that is if they planned on having a shred of morality in their laws).
To imagine that any set of laws that would have the best interest in the people they would effect
not having the influence of God in them, seems entirely impossible.
As the text states, Talmudic law does not mandate that it is to be “universalized.”
Regardless of that, it has much to offer to the world whether of the Jewish faith or not. The
Jewish people have overcome obstacles of all shapes and sizes throughout their existence.
Their grounding and adherence to Talmudic law and tradition has carried them throughout.
God made a covenant with the Jewish people and they are his “chosen people.” He provided
them with the Talmudic and that in and of itself should be sufficient to give both Jew and
Gentile reason enough to have appreciation for what it says to all.
ESSAY #1 117
While Talmudic law was not born out of the commandments given to Moses by God, it
was most certainly strengthened and reaffirmed by the Ten Commandments. Talmudic law
recognizes two general, yet specific categories of value. One is the duties which are derived
from man's relationship to God; the other is duties which are derived from man's relationship to
others. The laws dealing with man's relationship to God are, in fact, the implementation of
Jewish teachings of theology. They are there to strengthen and affirm man’s relationship with
God. In terms of man’s relationship with others, the way that wealth and business is viewed is a
good example. Talmudic law generally looked favorable at business and acquiring wealth. In
fact, many Talmudic sages had occupations and some were quite wealthy. What was most
important was that wealth and riches should be acquired honestly and used to help the poor,
the needy, and just as importantly, used to help strangers.
The Talmud is divided into six general sections, referred to as Sedarim or “orders.” They
are:
• Zera’im or “Seeds” deal with agricultural laws and also deal with laws regarding
blessings and prayers.
• Mo’ed or “Festival” deals with laws surrounding holidays.
• Nashim or “Women” deals with the issue of marriage and divorce.
• Nezikin or “Damages” deals with civil and criminal law, along with ethics.
• Kodashim or “Holy Things” deals with laws regarding sacrifices, the Temple, and
various dietary laws.
• Taharot or “Purities” covers laws of ritual purity.
The question as to whether this legal tradition has allowed the Jewish people to
maintain their identity is an interesting one to answer. In the simplest of terms, a person born
to a Jewish mother is a Jew. Likewise, if a person converts to Judaism, he or she is a Jew.
Unfortunately it is a little more complex to explain the identity of the Jewish people. The Jewish
people have been nomadic throughout their existence to say the least. As a people they have
ESSAY #1 118
“expelled” from numerous countries over their history; England, Germany, Italy, and Spain to
name a few. Even the land promised to them by God is difficult to call home due to the due to
the instability caused by others (namely the Palestinians) claiming it as their own. With the
uncertainty of a geographic identity, Talmudic law fills the space providing Jews with a strong
sense of identity.
The Jewish people came into existence through their belief structure and covenants that
they make amongst themselves long before they had a “land” to call their own. It is unfortunate
that their nomadic history has caused them to rely on Talmudic tradition to define their identity,
but it can certainly be said that its impact is strengthened because of it.
In the absence of a geographic identity, the tradition and law of the Talmudic have
allowed the Jewish people to preserve and maintain their identity for generations past and for
generations to come. They have been enslaved and oppressed for much of their existence. This
is why Jews recite the following covenant at every Passover. “This is that which has stood for
our forefathers and for us. For not one alone has stood against us to destroy us. Rather, in every
generation they stand against us to wipe us out. But the Holy One, blessed be He, saves us from
their hand.” It was with that covenant, Abraham was also told that his children would first be
“strangers in a land not their own” where they would be subjected to years of slavery and
oppression. It is hard to imagine that Talmudic law will ever cease to be a vital source of
identity for those who call themselves a Jew.
The text laments that while it was influenced by other models (Roman as an example),
Talmudic law itself has been highly influential in the formation of western law. Its impact can be
seen in civil and criminal law, as well as commercial law construction. An examination of the Bill
of Rights in the US Constitution revels the influence Talmudic law and thought. Talmudic law is
heavily in examples of “rights” just as the Bill of Rights (as its name dictates) lays out the
inalienable rights of man given to him by God. The second president of the United States, John
Adams was quoted as having said “The Jews have done more to civilize men than any other
nation....They are the most glorious Nation that ever inhabited the earth. The Romans and their
ESSAY #1 119
Empire were but a bauble in comparison to the Jews. They have given religion to three-quarters
of the Globe and have influenced the affairs of Mankind more, and more happily than any other
Nation, ancient or modern.”
Another area of influence can be found in the structure if the United States Congress.
The Jewish people were made of tribes and had leaders of those tribes. Contrast that with the
states that constitute America having leaders (Senators) of each state (tribe). Furthermore
Deuteronomy 1:13 describes what can arguably be an influential catalyst for the creation of the
House of Representatives, “Select for yourselves men who are wise, understanding, and known
to your tribes and I will appoint them as your leaders.” George Washington said at his farewell
address; "Of all the dispositions and habits which lead to political prosperity, Religion and
morality are indispensable supports. Whatever may be conceded to the influence of refined
education on minds of peculiar structure, reason and experience both forbid us to expect that
National morality can prevail in the exclusion of religious principle."
It is no secret that the Founding Fathers were religious men and their personal beliefs
greatly influenced the words that are included in the Constitution as well as the Declaration of
Independence (and many other writings as well). Even if a country considered itself to be
entirely secular, it would be nearly impossible to avoid the fingerprints of God on whatever laws
they would inevitably create (that is if they planned on having a shred of morality in their laws).
To imagine that any set of laws that would have the best interest in the people they would effect
not having the influence of God in them, seems entirely impossible.
As the text states, Talmudic law does not mandate that it is to be “universalized.”
Regardless of that, it has much to offer to the world whether of the Jewish faith or not. The
Jewish people have overcome obstacles of all shapes and sizes throughout their existence.
Their grounding and adherence to Talmudic law and tradition has carried them throughout.
God made a covenant with the Jewish people and they are his “chosen people.” He provided
them with the Talmudic and that in and of itself should be sufficient to give both Jew and
Gentile reason enough to have appreciation for what it says to all.
ESSAY #1 120
While Talmudic law was not born out of the commandments given to Moses by God, it
was most certainly strengthened and reaffirmed by the Ten Commandments. Talmudic law
recognizes two general, yet specific categories of value. One is the duties which are derived
from man's relationship to God; the other is duties which are derived from man's relationship to
others. The laws dealing with man's relationship to God are, in fact, the implementation of
Jewish teachings of theology. They are there to strengthen and affirm man’s relationship with
God. In terms of man’s relationship with others, the way that wealth and business is viewed is a
good example. Talmudic law generally looked favorable at business and acquiring wealth. In
fact, many Talmudic sages had occupations and some were quite wealthy. What was most
important was that wealth and riches should be acquired honestly and used to help the poor,
the needy, and just as importantly, used to help strangers.
The Talmud is divided into six general sections, referred to as Sedarim or “orders.” They
are:
• Zera’im or “Seeds” deal with agricultural laws and also deal with laws regarding
blessings and prayers.
• Mo’ed or “Festival” deals with laws surrounding holidays.
• Nashim or “Women” deals with the issue of marriage and divorce.
• Nezikin or “Damages” deals with civil and criminal law, along with ethics.
• Kodashim or “Holy Things” deals with laws regarding sacrifices, the Temple, and
various dietary laws.
• Taharot or “Purities” covers laws of ritual purity.
The question as to whether this legal tradition has allowed the Jewish people to
maintain their identity is an interesting one to answer. In the simplest of terms, a person born
to a Jewish mother is a Jew. Likewise, if a person converts to Judaism, he or she is a Jew.
Unfortunately it is a little more complex to explain the identity of the Jewish people. The Jewish
people have been nomadic throughout their existence to say the least. As a people they have
ESSAY #1 121
“expelled” from numerous countries over their history; England, Germany, Italy, and Spain to
name a few. Even the land promised to them by God is difficult to call home due to the due to
the instability caused by others (namely the Palestinians) claiming it as their own. With the
uncertainty of a geographic identity, Talmudic law fills the space providing Jews with a strong
sense of identity.
The Jewish people came into existence through their belief structure and covenants that
they make amongst themselves long before they had a “land” to call their own. It is unfortunate
that their nomadic history has caused them to rely on Talmudic tradition to define their identity,
but it can certainly be said that its impact is strengthened because of it.
In the absence of a geographic identity, the tradition and law of the Talmudic have
allowed the Jewish people to preserve and maintain their identity for generations past and for
generations to come. They have been enslaved and oppressed for much of their existence. This
is why Jews recite the following covenant at every Passover. “This is that which has stood for
our forefathers and for us. For not one alone has stood against us to destroy us. Rather, in every
generation they stand against us to wipe us out. But the Holy One, blessed be He, saves us from
their hand.” It was with that covenant, Abraham was also told that his children would first be
“strangers in a land not their own” where they would be subjected to years of slavery and
oppression. It is hard to imagine that Talmudic law will ever cease to be a vital source of
identity for those who call themselves a Jew.
The text laments that while it was influenced by other models (Roman as an example),
Talmudic law itself has been highly influential in the formation of western law. Its impact can be
seen in civil and criminal law, as well as commercial law construction. An examination of the Bill
of Rights in the US Constitution revels the influence Talmudic law and thought. Talmudic law is
heavily in examples of “rights” just as the Bill of Rights (as its name dictates) lays out the
inalienable rights of man given to him by God. The second president of the United States, John
Adams was quoted as having said “The Jews have done more to civilize men than any other
nation....They are the most glorious Nation that ever inhabited the earth. The Romans and their
ESSAY #1 122
Empire were but a bauble in comparison to the Jews. They have given religion to three-quarters
of the Globe and have influenced the affairs of Mankind more, and more happily than any other
Nation, ancient or modern.”
Another area of influence can be found in the structure if the United States Congress.
The Jewish people were made of tribes and had leaders of those tribes. Contrast that with the
states that constitute America having leaders (Senators) of each state (tribe). Furthermore
Deuteronomy 1:13 describes what can arguably be an influential catalyst for the creation of the
House of Representatives, “Select for yourselves men who are wise, understanding, and known
to your tribes and I will appoint them as your leaders.” George Washington said at his farewell
address; "Of all the dispositions and habits which lead to political prosperity, Religion and
morality are indispensable supports. Whatever may be conceded to the influence of refined
education on minds of peculiar structure, reason and experience both forbid us to expect that
National morality can prevail in the exclusion of religious principle."
It is no secret that the Founding Fathers were religious men and their personal beliefs
greatly influenced the words that are included in the Constitution as well as the Declaration of
Independence (and many other writings as well). Even if a country considered itself to be
entirely secular, it would be nearly impossible to avoid the fingerprints of God on whatever laws
they would inevitably create (that is if they planned on having a shred of morality in their laws).
To imagine that any set of laws that would have the best interest in the people they would effect
not having the influence of God in them, seems entirely impossible.
As the text states, Talmudic law does not mandate that it is to be “universalized.”
Regardless of that, it has much to offer to the world whether of the Jewish faith or not. The
Jewish people have overcome obstacles of all shapes and sizes throughout their existence.
Their grounding and adherence to Talmudic law and tradition has carried them throughout.
God made a covenant with the Jewish people and they are his “chosen people.” He provided
them with the Talmudic and that in and of itself should be sufficient to give both Jew and
Gentile reason enough to have appreciation for what it says to all.
ESSAY #1 123
While Talmudic law was not born out of the commandments given to Moses by God, it
was most certainly strengthened and reaffirmed by the Ten Commandments. Talmudic law
recognizes two general, yet specific categories of value. One is the duties which are derived
from man's relationship to God; the other is duties which are derived from man's relationship to
others. The laws dealing with man's relationship to God are, in fact, the implementation of
Jewish teachings of theology. They are there to strengthen and affirm man’s relationship with
God. In terms of man’s relationship with others, the way that wealth and business is viewed is a
good example. Talmudic law generally looked favorable at business and acquiring wealth. In
fact, many Talmudic sages had occupations and some were quite wealthy. What was most
important was that wealth and riches should be acquired honestly and used to help the poor,
the needy, and just as importantly, used to help strangers.
The Talmud is divided into six general sections, referred to as Sedarim or “orders.” They
are:
• Zera’im or “Seeds” deal with agricultural laws and also deal with laws regarding
blessings and prayers.
• Mo’ed or “Festival” deals with laws surrounding holidays.
• Nashim or “Women” deals with the issue of marriage and divorce.
• Nezikin or “Damages” deals with civil and criminal law, along with ethics.
• Kodashim or “Holy Things” deals with laws regarding sacrifices, the Temple, and
various dietary laws.
• Taharot or “Purities” covers laws of ritual purity.
The question as to whether this legal tradition has allowed the Jewish people to
maintain their identity is an interesting one to answer. In the simplest of terms, a person born
to a Jewish mother is a Jew. Likewise, if a person converts to Judaism, he or she is a Jew.
Unfortunately it is a little more complex to explain the identity of the Jewish people. The Jewish
people have been nomadic throughout their existence to say the least. As a people they have
ESSAY #1 124
“expelled” from numerous countries over their history; England, Germany, Italy, and Spain to
name a few. Even the land promised to them by God is difficult to call home due to the due to
the instability caused by others (namely the Palestinians) claiming it as their own. With the
uncertainty of a geographic identity, Talmudic law fills the space providing Jews with a strong
sense of identity.
The Jewish people came into existence through their belief structure and covenants that
they make amongst themselves long before they had a “land” to call their own. It is unfortunate
that their nomadic history has caused them to rely on Talmudic tradition to define their identity,
but it can certainly be said that its impact is strengthened because of it.
In the absence of a geographic identity, the tradition and law of the Talmudic have
allowed the Jewish people to preserve and maintain their identity for generations past and for
generations to come. They have been enslaved and oppressed for much of their existence. This
is why Jews recite the following covenant at every Passover. “This is that which has stood for
our forefathers and for us. For not one alone has stood against us to destroy us. Rather, in every
generation they stand against us to wipe us out. But the Holy One, blessed be He, saves us from
their hand.” It was with that covenant, Abraham was also told that his children would first be
“strangers in a land not their own” where they would be subjected to years of slavery and
oppression. It is hard to imagine that Talmudic law will ever cease to be a vital source of
identity for those who call themselves a Jew.
The text laments that while it was influenced by other models (Roman as an example),
Talmudic law itself has been highly influential in the formation of western law. Its impact can be
seen in civil and criminal law, as well as commercial law construction. An examination of the Bill
of Rights in the US Constitution revels the influence Talmudic law and thought. Talmudic law is
heavily in examples of “rights” just as the Bill of Rights (as its name dictates) lays out the
inalienable rights of man given to him by God. The second president of the United States, John
Adams was quoted as having said “The Jews have done more to civilize men than any other
nation....They are the most glorious Nation that ever inhabited the earth. The Romans and their
ESSAY #1 125
Empire were but a bauble in comparison to the Jews. They have given religion to three-quarters
of the Globe and have influenced the affairs of Mankind more, and more happily than any other
Nation, ancient or modern.”
Another area of influence can be found in the structure if the United States Congress.
The Jewish people were made of tribes and had leaders of those tribes. Contrast that with the
states that constitute America having leaders (Senators) of each state (tribe). Furthermore
Deuteronomy 1:13 describes what can arguably be an influential catalyst for the creation of the
House of Representatives, “Select for yourselves men who are wise, understanding, and known
to your tribes and I will appoint them as your leaders.” George Washington said at his farewell
address; "Of all the dispositions and habits which lead to political prosperity, Religion and
morality are indispensable supports. Whatever may be conceded to the influence of refined
education on minds of peculiar structure, reason and experience both forbid us to expect that
National morality can prevail in the exclusion of religious principle."
It is no secret that the Founding Fathers were religious men and their personal beliefs
greatly influenced the words that are included in the Constitution as well as the Declaration of
Independence (and many other writings as well). Even if a country considered itself to be
entirely secular, it would be nearly impossible to avoid the fingerprints of God on whatever laws
they would inevitably create (that is if they planned on having a shred of morality in their laws).
To imagine that any set of laws that would have the best interest in the people they would effect
not having the influence of God in them, seems entirely impossible.
As the text states, Talmudic law does not mandate that it is to be “universalized.”
Regardless of that, it has much to offer to the world whether of the Jewish faith or not. The
Jewish people have overcome obstacles of all shapes and sizes throughout their existence.
Their grounding and adherence to Talmudic law and tradition has carried them throughout.
God made a covenant with the Jewish people and they are his “chosen people.” He provided
them with the Talmudic and that in and of itself should be sufficient to give both Jew and
Gentile reason enough to have appreciation for what it says to all.
ESSAY #1 126
While Talmudic law was not born out of the commandments given to Moses by God, it
was most certainly strengthened and reaffirmed by the Ten Commandments. Talmudic law
recognizes two general, yet specific categories of value. One is the duties which are derived
from man's relationship to God; the other is duties which are derived from man's relationship to
others. The laws dealing with man's relationship to God are, in fact, the implementation of
Jewish teachings of theology. They are there to strengthen and affirm man’s relationship with
God. In terms of man’s relationship with others, the way that wealth and business is viewed is a
good example. Talmudic law generally looked favorable at business and acquiring wealth. In
fact, many Talmudic sages had occupations and some were quite wealthy. What was most
important was that wealth and riches should be acquired honestly and used to help the poor,
the needy, and just as importantly, used to help strangers.
The Talmud is divided into six general sections, referred to as Sedarim or “orders.” They
are:
• Zera’im or “Seeds” deal with agricultural laws and also deal with laws regarding
blessings and prayers.
• Mo’ed or “Festival” deals with laws surrounding holidays.
• Nashim or “Women” deals with the issue of marriage and divorce.
• Nezikin or “Damages” deals with civil and criminal law, along with ethics.
• Kodashim or “Holy Things” deals with laws regarding sacrifices, the Temple, and
various dietary laws.
• Taharot or “Purities” covers laws of ritual purity.
The question as to whether this legal tradition has allowed the Jewish people to
maintain their identity is an interesting one to answer. In the simplest of terms, a person born
to a Jewish mother is a Jew. Likewise, if a person converts to Judaism, he or she is a Jew.
Unfortunately it is a little more complex to explain the identity of the Jewish people. The Jewish
people have been nomadic throughout their existence to say the least. As a people they have
ESSAY #1 127
“expelled” from numerous countries over their history; England, Germany, Italy, and Spain to
name a few. Even the land promised to them by God is difficult to call home due to the due to
the instability caused by others (namely the Palestinians) claiming it as their own. With the
uncertainty of a geographic identity, Talmudic law fills the space providing Jews with a strong
sense of identity.
The Jewish people came into existence through their belief structure and covenants that
they make amongst themselves long before they had a “land” to call their own. It is unfortunate
that their nomadic history has caused them to rely on Talmudic tradition to define their identity,
but it can certainly be said that its impact is strengthened because of it.
In the absence of a geographic identity, the tradition and law of the Talmudic have
allowed the Jewish people to preserve and maintain their identity for generations past and for
generations to come. They have been enslaved and oppressed for much of their existence. This
is why Jews recite the following covenant at every Passover. “This is that which has stood for
our forefathers and for us. For not one alone has stood against us to destroy us. Rather, in every
generation they stand against us to wipe us out. But the Holy One, blessed be He, saves us from
their hand.” It was with that covenant, Abraham was also told that his children would first be
“strangers in a land not their own” where they would be subjected to years of slavery and
oppression. It is hard to imagine that Talmudic law will ever cease to be a vital source of
identity for those who call themselves a Jew.
The text laments that while it was influenced by other models (Roman as an example),
Talmudic law itself has been highly influential in the formation of western law. Its impact can be
seen in civil and criminal law, as well as commercial law construction. An examination of the Bill
of Rights in the US Constitution revels the influence Talmudic law and thought. Talmudic law is
heavily in examples of “rights” just as the Bill of Rights (as its name dictates) lays out the
inalienable rights of man given to him by God. The second president of the United States, John
Adams was quoted as having said “The Jews have done more to civilize men than any other
nation....They are the most glorious Nation that ever inhabited the earth. The Romans and their
ESSAY #1 128
Empire were but a bauble in comparison to the Jews. They have given religion to three-quarters
of the Globe and have influenced the affairs of Mankind more, and more happily than any other
Nation, ancient or modern.”
Another area of influence can be found in the structure if the United States Congress.
The Jewish people were made of tribes and had leaders of those tribes. Contrast that with the
states that constitute America having leaders (Senators) of each state (tribe). Furthermore
Deuteronomy 1:13 describes what can arguably be an influential catalyst for the creation of the
House of Representatives, “Select for yourselves men who are wise, understanding, and known
to your tribes and I will appoint them as your leaders.” George Washington said at his farewell
address; "Of all the dispositions and habits which lead to political prosperity, Religion and
morality are indispensable supports. Whatever may be conceded to the influence of refined
education on minds of peculiar structure, reason and experience both forbid us to expect that
National morality can prevail in the exclusion of religious principle."
It is no secret that the Founding Fathers were religious men and their personal beliefs
greatly influenced the words that are included in the Constitution as well as the Declaration of
Independence (and many other writings as well). Even if a country considered itself to be
entirely secular, it would be nearly impossible to avoid the fingerprints of God on whatever laws
they would inevitably create (that is if they planned on having a shred of morality in their laws).
To imagine that any set of laws that would have the best interest in the people they would effect
not having the influence of God in them, seems entirely impossible.
As the text states, Talmudic law does not mandate that it is to be “universalized.”
Regardless of that, it has much to offer to the world whether of the Jewish faith or not. The
Jewish people have overcome obstacles of all shapes and sizes throughout their existence.
Their grounding and adherence to Talmudic law and tradition has carried them throughout.
God made a covenant with the Jewish people and they are his “chosen people.” He provided
them with the Talmudic and that in and of itself should be sufficient to give both Jew and
Gentile reason enough to have appreciation for what it says to all.
ESSAY #1 129
While Talmudic law was not born out of the commandments given to Moses by God, it
was most certainly strengthened and reaffirmed by the Ten Commandments. Talmudic law
recognizes two general, yet specific categories of value. One is the duties which are derived
from man's relationship to God; the other is duties which are derived from man's relationship to
others. The laws dealing with man's relationship to God are, in fact, the implementation of
Jewish teachings of theology. They are there to strengthen and affirm man’s relationship with
God. In terms of man’s relationship with others, the way that wealth and business is viewed is a
good example. Talmudic law generally looked favorable at business and acquiring wealth. In
fact, many Talmudic sages had occupations and some were quite wealthy. What was most
important was that wealth and riches should be acquired honestly and used to help the poor,
the needy, and just as importantly, used to help strangers.
The Talmud is divided into six general sections, referred to as Sedarim or “orders.” They
are:
• Zera’im or “Seeds” deal with agricultural laws and also deal with laws regarding
blessings and prayers.
• Mo’ed or “Festival” deals with laws surrounding holidays.
• Nashim or “Women” deals with the issue of marriage and divorce.
• Nezikin or “Damages” deals with civil and criminal law, along with ethics.
• Kodashim or “Holy Things” deals with laws regarding sacrifices, the Temple, and
various dietary laws.
• Taharot or “Purities” covers laws of ritual purity.
The question as to whether this legal tradition has allowed the Jewish people to
maintain their identity is an interesting one to answer. In the simplest of terms, a person born
to a Jewish mother is a Jew. Likewise, if a person converts to Judaism, he or she is a Jew.
Unfortunately it is a little more complex to explain the identity of the Jewish people. The Jewish
people have been nomadic throughout their existence to say the least. As a people they have
ESSAY #1 130
“expelled” from numerous countries over their history; England, Germany, Italy, and Spain to
name a few. Even the land promised to them by God is difficult to call home due to the due to
the instability caused by others (namely the Palestinians) claiming it as their own. With the
uncertainty of a geographic identity, Talmudic law fills the space providing Jews with a strong
sense of identity.
The Jewish people came into existence through their belief structure and covenants that
they make amongst themselves long before they had a “land” to call their own. It is unfortunate
that their nomadic history has caused them to rely on Talmudic tradition to define their identity,
but it can certainly be said that its impact is strengthened because of it.
In the absence of a geographic identity, the tradition and law of the Talmudic have
allowed the Jewish people to preserve and maintain their identity for generations past and for
generations to come. They have been enslaved and oppressed for much of their existence. This
is why Jews recite the following covenant at every Passover. “This is that which has stood for
our forefathers and for us. For not one alone has stood against us to destroy us. Rather, in every
generation they stand against us to wipe us out. But the Holy One, blessed be He, saves us from
their hand.” It was with that covenant, Abraham was also told that his children would first be
“strangers in a land not their own” where they would be subjected to years of slavery and
oppression. It is hard to imagine that Talmudic law will ever cease to be a vital source of
identity for those who call themselves a Jew.
The text laments that while it was influenced by other models (Roman as an example),
Talmudic law itself has been highly influential in the formation of western law. Its impact can be
seen in civil and criminal law, as well as commercial law construction. An examination of the Bill
of Rights in the US Constitution revels the influence Talmudic law and thought. Talmudic law is
heavily in examples of “rights” just as the Bill of Rights (as its name dictates) lays out the
inalienable rights of man given to him by God. The second president of the United States, John
Adams was quoted as having said “The Jews have done more to civilize men than any other
nation....They are the most glorious Nation that ever inhabited the earth. The Romans and their
ESSAY #1 131
Empire were but a bauble in comparison to the Jews. They have given religion to three-quarters
of the Globe and have influenced the affairs of Mankind more, and more happily than any other
Nation, ancient or modern.”
Another area of influence can be found in the structure if the United States Congress.
The Jewish people were made of tribes and had leaders of those tribes. Contrast that with the
states that constitute America having leaders (Senators) of each state (tribe). Furthermore
Deuteronomy 1:13 describes what can arguably be an influential catalyst for the creation of the
House of Representatives, “Select for yourselves men who are wise, understanding, and known
to your tribes and I will appoint them as your leaders.” George Washington said at his farewell
address; "Of all the dispositions and habits which lead to political prosperity, Religion and
morality are indispensable supports. Whatever may be conceded to the influence of refined
education on minds of peculiar structure, reason and experience both forbid us to expect that
National morality can prevail in the exclusion of religious principle."
It is no secret that the Founding Fathers were religious men and their personal beliefs
greatly influenced the words that are included in the Constitution as well as the Declaration of
Independence (and many other writings as well). Even if a country considered itself to be
entirely secular, it would be nearly impossible to avoid the fingerprints of God on whatever laws
they would inevitably create (that is if they planned on having a shred of morality in their laws).
To imagine that any set of laws that would have the best interest in the people they would effect
not having the influence of God in them, seems entirely impossible.
As the text states, Talmudic law does not mandate that it is to be “universalized.”
Regardless of that, it has much to offer to the world whether of the Jewish faith or not. The
Jewish people have overcome obstacles of all shapes and sizes throughout their existence.
Their grounding and adherence to Talmudic law and tradition has carried them throughout.
God made a covenant with the Jewish people and they are his “chosen people.” He provided
them with the Talmudic and that in and of itself should be sufficient to give both Jew and
Gentile reason enough to have appreciation for what it says to all.
ESSAY #1 132
While Talmudic law was not born out of the commandments given to Moses by God, it
was most certainly strengthened and reaffirmed by the Ten Commandments. Talmudic law
recognizes two general, yet specific categories of value. One is the duties which are derived
from man's relationship to God; the other is duties which are derived from man's relationship to
others. The laws dealing with man's relationship to God are, in fact, the implementation of
Jewish teachings of theology. They are there to strengthen and affirm man’s relationship with
God. In terms of man’s relationship with others, the way that wealth and business is viewed is a
good example. Talmudic law generally looked favorable at business and acquiring wealth. In
fact, many Talmudic sages had occupations and some were quite wealthy. What was most
important was that wealth and riches should be acquired honestly and used to help the poor,
the needy, and just as importantly, used to help strangers.
The Talmud is divided into six general sections, referred to as Sedarim or “orders.” They
are:
• Zera’im or “Seeds” deal with agricultural laws and also deal with laws regarding
blessings and prayers.
• Mo’ed or “Festival” deals with laws surrounding holidays.
• Nashim or “Women” deals with the issue of marriage and divorce.
• Nezikin or “Damages” deals with civil and criminal law, along with ethics.
• Kodashim or “Holy Things” deals with laws regarding sacrifices, the Temple, and
various dietary laws.
• Taharot or “Purities” covers laws of ritual purity.
The question as to whether this legal tradition has allowed the Jewish people to
maintain their identity is an interesting one to answer. In the simplest of terms, a person born
to a Jewish mother is a Jew. Likewise, if a person converts to Judaism, he or she is a Jew.
Unfortunately it is a little more complex to explain the identity of the Jewish people. The Jewish
people have been nomadic throughout their existence to say the least. As a people they have
ESSAY #1 133
“expelled” from numerous countries over their history; England, Germany, Italy, and Spain to
name a few. Even the land promised to them by God is difficult to call home due to the due to
the instability caused by others (namely the Palestinians) claiming it as their own. With the
uncertainty of a geographic identity, Talmudic law fills the space providing Jews with a strong
sense of identity.
The Jewish people came into existence through their belief structure and covenants that
they make amongst themselves long before they had a “land” to call their own. It is unfortunate
that their nomadic history has caused them to rely on Talmudic tradition to define their identity,
but it can certainly be said that its impact is strengthened because of it.
In the absence of a geographic identity, the tradition and law of the Talmudic have
allowed the Jewish people to preserve and maintain their identity for generations past and for
generations to come. They have been enslaved and oppressed for much of their existence. This
is why Jews recite the following covenant at every Passover. “This is that which has stood for
our forefathers and for us. For not one alone has stood against us to destroy us. Rather, in every
generation they stand against us to wipe us out. But the Holy One, blessed be He, saves us from
their hand.” It was with that covenant, Abraham was also told that his children would first be
“strangers in a land not their own” where they would be subjected to years of slavery and
oppression. It is hard to imagine that Talmudic law will ever cease to be a vital source of
identity for those who call themselves a Jew.
The text laments that while it was influenced by other models (Roman as an example),
Talmudic law itself has been highly influential in the formation of western law. Its impact can be
seen in civil and criminal law, as well as commercial law construction. An examination of the Bill
of Rights in the US Constitution revels the influence Talmudic law and thought. Talmudic law is
heavily in examples of “rights” just as the Bill of Rights (as its name dictates) lays out the
inalienable rights of man given to him by God. The second president of the United States, John
Adams was quoted as having said “The Jews have done more to civilize men than any other
nation....They are the most glorious Nation that ever inhabited the earth. The Romans and their
ESSAY #1 134
Empire were but a bauble in comparison to the Jews. They have given religion to three-quarters
of the Globe and have influenced the affairs of Mankind more, and more happily than any other
Nation, ancient or modern.”
Another area of influence can be found in the structure if the United States Congress.
The Jewish people were made of tribes and had leaders of those tribes. Contrast that with the
states that constitute America having leaders (Senators) of each state (tribe). Furthermore
Deuteronomy 1:13 describes what can arguably be an influential catalyst for the creation of the
House of Representatives, “Select for yourselves men who are wise, understanding, and known
to your tribes and I will appoint them as your leaders.” George Washington said at his farewell
address; "Of all the dispositions and habits which lead to political prosperity, Religion and
morality are indispensable supports. Whatever may be conceded to the influence of refined
education on minds of peculiar structure, reason and experience both forbid us to expect that
National morality can prevail in the exclusion of religious principle."
It is no secret that the Founding Fathers were religious men and their personal beliefs
greatly influenced the words that are included in the Constitution as well as the Declaration of
Independence (and many other writings as well). Even if a country considered itself to be
entirely secular, it would be nearly impossible to avoid the fingerprints of God on whatever laws
they would inevitably create (that is if they planned on having a shred of morality in their laws).
To imagine that any set of laws that would have the best interest in the people they would effect
not having the influence of God in them, seems entirely impossible.
As the text states, Talmudic law does not mandate that it is to be “universalized.”
Regardless of that, it has much to offer to the world whether of the Jewish faith or not. The
Jewish people have overcome obstacles of all shapes and sizes throughout their existence.
Their grounding and adherence to Talmudic law and tradition has carried them throughout.
God made a covenant with the Jewish people and they are his “chosen people.” He provided
them with the Talmudic and that in and of itself should be sufficient to give both Jew and
Gentile reason enough to have appreciation for what it says to all.
ESSAY #1 135
While Talmudic law was not born out of the commandments given to Moses by God, it
was most certainly strengthened and reaffirmed by the Ten Commandments. Talmudic law
recognizes two general, yet specific categories of value. One is the duties which are derived
from man's relationship to God; the other is duties which are derived from man's relationship to
others. The laws dealing with man's relationship to God are, in fact, the implementation of
Jewish teachings of theology. They are there to strengthen and affirm man’s relationship with
God. In terms of man’s relationship with others, the way that wealth and business is viewed is a
good example. Talmudic law generally looked favorable at business and acquiring wealth. In
fact, many Talmudic sages had occupations and some were quite wealthy. What was most
important was that wealth and riches should be acquired honestly and used to help the poor,
the needy, and just as importantly, used to help strangers.
The Talmud is divided into six general sections, referred to as Sedarim or “orders.” They
are:
• Zera’im or “Seeds” deal with agricultural laws and also deal with laws regarding
blessings and prayers.
• Mo’ed or “Festival” deals with laws surrounding holidays.
• Nashim or “Women” deals with the issue of marriage and divorce.
• Nezikin or “Damages” deals with civil and criminal law, along with ethics.
• Kodashim or “Holy Things” deals with laws regarding sacrifices, the Temple, and
various dietary laws.
• Taharot or “Purities” covers laws of ritual purity.
The question as to whether this legal tradition has allowed the Jewish people to
maintain their identity is an interesting one to answer. In the simplest of terms, a person born
to a Jewish mother is a Jew. Likewise, if a person converts to Judaism, he or she is a Jew.
Unfortunately it is a little more complex to explain the identity of the Jewish people. The Jewish
people have been nomadic throughout their existence to say the least. As a people they have
ESSAY #1 136
“expelled” from numerous countries over their history; England, Germany, Italy, and Spain to
name a few. Even the land promised to them by God is difficult to call home due to the due to
the instability caused by others (namely the Palestinians) claiming it as their own. With the
uncertainty of a geographic identity, Talmudic law fills the space providing Jews with a strong
sense of identity.
The Jewish people came into existence through their belief structure and covenants that
they make amongst themselves long before they had a “land” to call their own. It is unfortunate
that their nomadic history has caused them to rely on Talmudic tradition to define their identity,
but it can certainly be said that its impact is strengthened because of it.
In the absence of a geographic identity, the tradition and law of the Talmudic have
allowed the Jewish people to preserve and maintain their identity for generations past and for
generations to come. They have been enslaved and oppressed for much of their existence. This
is why Jews recite the following covenant at every Passover. “This is that which has stood for
our forefathers and for us. For not one alone has stood against us to destroy us. Rather, in every
generation they stand against us to wipe us out. But the Holy One, blessed be He, saves us from
their hand.” It was with that covenant, Abraham was also told that his children would first be
“strangers in a land not their own” where they would be subjected to years of slavery and
oppression. It is hard to imagine that Talmudic law will ever cease to be a vital source of
identity for those who call themselves a Jew.
The text laments that while it was influenced by other models (Roman as an example),
Talmudic law itself has been highly influential in the formation of western law. Its impact can be
seen in civil and criminal law, as well as commercial law construction. An examination of the Bill
of Rights in the US Constitution revels the influence Talmudic law and thought. Talmudic law is
heavily in examples of “rights” just as the Bill of Rights (as its name dictates) lays out the
inalienable rights of man given to him by God. The second president of the United States, John
Adams was quoted as having said “The Jews have done more to civilize men than any other
nation....They are the most glorious Nation that ever inhabited the earth. The Romans and their
ESSAY #1 137
Empire were but a bauble in comparison to the Jews. They have given religion to three-quarters
of the Globe and have influenced the affairs of Mankind more, and more happily than any other
Nation, ancient or modern.”
Another area of influence can be found in the structure if the United States Congress.
The Jewish people were made of tribes and had leaders of those tribes. Contrast that with the
states that constitute America having leaders (Senators) of each state (tribe). Furthermore
Deuteronomy 1:13 describes what can arguably be an influential catalyst for the creation of the
House of Representatives, “Select for yourselves men who are wise, understanding, and known
to your tribes and I will appoint them as your leaders.” George Washington said at his farewell
address; "Of all the dispositions and habits which lead to political prosperity, Religion and
morality are indispensable supports. Whatever may be conceded to the influence of refined
education on minds of peculiar structure, reason and experience both forbid us to expect that
National morality can prevail in the exclusion of religious principle."
It is no secret that the Founding Fathers were religious men and their personal beliefs
greatly influenced the words that are included in the Constitution as well as the Declaration of
Independence (and many other writings as well). Even if a country considered itself to be
entirely secular, it would be nearly impossible to avoid the fingerprints of God on whatever laws
they would inevitably create (that is if they planned on having a shred of morality in their laws).
To imagine that any set of laws that would have the best interest in the people they would effect
not having the influence of God in them, seems entirely impossible.
As the text states, Talmudic law does not mandate that it is to be “universalized.”
Regardless of that, it has much to offer to the world whether of the Jewish faith or not. The
Jewish people have overcome obstacles of all shapes and sizes throughout their existence.
Their grounding and adherence to Talmudic law and tradition has carried them throughout.
God made a covenant with the Jewish people and they are his “chosen people.” He provided
them with the Talmudic and that in and of itself should be sufficient to give both Jew and
Gentile reason enough to have appreciation for what it says to all.
ESSAY #1 138
While Talmudic law was not born out of the commandments given to Moses by God, it
was most certainly strengthened and reaffirmed by the Ten Commandments. Talmudic law
recognizes two general, yet specific categories of value. One is the duties which are derived
from man's relationship to God; the other is duties which are derived from man's relationship to
others. The laws dealing with man's relationship to God are, in fact, the implementation of
Jewish teachings of theology. They are there to strengthen and affirm man’s relationship with
God. In terms of man’s relationship with others, the way that wealth and business is viewed is a
good example. Talmudic law generally looked favorable at business and acquiring wealth. In
fact, many Talmudic sages had occupations and some were quite wealthy. What was most
important was that wealth and riches should be acquired honestly and used to help the poor,
the needy, and just as importantly, used to help strangers.
The Talmud is divided into six general sections, referred to as Sedarim or “orders.” They
are:
• Zera’im or “Seeds” deal with agricultural laws and also deal with laws regarding
blessings and prayers.
• Mo’ed or “Festival” deals with laws surrounding holidays.
• Nashim or “Women” deals with the issue of marriage and divorce.
• Nezikin or “Damages” deals with civil and criminal law, along with ethics.
• Kodashim or “Holy Things” deals with laws regarding sacrifices, the Temple, and
various dietary laws.
• Taharot or “Purities” covers laws of ritual purity.
The question as to whether this legal tradition has allowed the Jewish people to
maintain their identity is an interesting one to answer. In the simplest of terms, a person born
to a Jewish mother is a Jew. Likewise, if a person converts to Judaism, he or she is a Jew.
Unfortunately it is a little more complex to explain the identity of the Jewish people. The Jewish
people have been nomadic throughout their existence to say the least. As a people they have
ESSAY #1 139
“expelled” from numerous countries over their history; England, Germany, Italy, and Spain to
name a few. Even the land promised to them by God is difficult to call home due to the due to
the instability caused by others (namely the Palestinians) claiming it as their own. With the
uncertainty of a geographic identity, Talmudic law fills the space providing Jews with a strong
sense of identity.
The Jewish people came into existence through their belief structure and covenants that
they make amongst themselves long before they had a “land” to call their own. It is unfortunate
that their nomadic history has caused them to rely on Talmudic tradition to define their identity,
but it can certainly be said that its impact is strengthened because of it.
In the absence of a geographic identity, the tradition and law of the Talmudic have
allowed the Jewish people to preserve and maintain their identity for generations past and for
generations to come. They have been enslaved and oppressed for much of their existence. This
is why Jews recite the following covenant at every Passover. “This is that which has stood for
our forefathers and for us. For not one alone has stood against us to destroy us. Rather, in every
generation they stand against us to wipe us out. But the Holy One, blessed be He, saves us from
their hand.” It was with that covenant, Abraham was also told that his children would first be
“strangers in a land not their own” where they would be subjected to years of slavery and
oppression. It is hard to imagine that Talmudic law will ever cease to be a vital source of
identity for those who call themselves a Jew.
The text laments that while it was influenced by other models (Roman as an example),
Talmudic law itself has been highly influential in the formation of western law. Its impact can be
seen in civil and criminal law, as well as commercial law construction. An examination of the Bill
of Rights in the US Constitution revels the influence Talmudic law and thought. Talmudic law is
heavily in examples of “rights” just as the Bill of Rights (as its name dictates) lays out the
inalienable rights of man given to him by God. The second president of the United States, John
Adams was quoted as having said “The Jews have done more to civilize men than any other
nation....They are the most glorious Nation that ever inhabited the earth. The Romans and their
ESSAY #1 140
Empire were but a bauble in comparison to the Jews. They have given religion to three-quarters
of the Globe and have influenced the affairs of Mankind more, and more happily than any other
Nation, ancient or modern.”
Another area of influence can be found in the structure if the United States Congress.
The Jewish people were made of tribes and had leaders of those tribes. Contrast that with the
states that constitute America having leaders (Senators) of each state (tribe). Furthermore
Deuteronomy 1:13 describes what can arguably be an influential catalyst for the creation of the
House of Representatives, “Select for yourselves men who are wise, understanding, and known
to your tribes and I will appoint them as your leaders.” George Washington said at his farewell
address; "Of all the dispositions and habits which lead to political prosperity, Religion and
morality are indispensable supports. Whatever may be conceded to the influence of refined
education on minds of peculiar structure, reason and experience both forbid us to expect that
National morality can prevail in the exclusion of religious principle."
It is no secret that the Founding Fathers were religious men and their personal beliefs
greatly influenced the words that are included in the Constitution as well as the Declaration of
Independence (and many other writings as well). Even if a country considered itself to be
entirely secular, it would be nearly impossible to avoid the fingerprints of God on whatever laws
they would inevitably create (that is if they planned on having a shred of morality in their laws).
To imagine that any set of laws that would have the best interest in the people they would effect
not having the influence of God in them, seems entirely impossible.
As the text states, Talmudic law does not mandate that it is to be “universalized.”
Regardless of that, it has much to offer to the world whether of the Jewish faith or not. The
Jewish people have overcome obstacles of all shapes and sizes throughout their existence.
Their grounding and adherence to Talmudic law and tradition has carried them throughout.
God made a covenant with the Jewish people and they are his “chosen people.” He provided
them with the Talmudic and that in and of itself should be sufficient to give both Jew and
Gentile reason enough to have appreciation for what it says to all.
ESSAY #1 141
While Talmudic law was not born out of the commandments given to Moses by God, it
was most certainly strengthened and reaffirmed by the Ten Commandments. Talmudic law
recognizes two general, yet specific categories of value. One is the duties which are derived
from man's relationship to God; the other is duties which are derived from man's relationship to
others. The laws dealing with man's relationship to God are, in fact, the implementation of
Jewish teachings of theology. They are there to strengthen and affirm man’s relationship with
God. In terms of man’s relationship with others, the way that wealth and business is viewed is a
good example. Talmudic law generally looked favorable at business and acquiring wealth. In
fact, many Talmudic sages had occupations and some were quite wealthy. What was most
important was that wealth and riches should be acquired honestly and used to help the poor,
the needy, and just as importantly, used to help strangers.
The Talmud is divided into six general sections, referred to as Sedarim or “orders.” They
are:
• Zera’im or “Seeds” deal with agricultural laws and also deal with laws regarding
blessings and prayers.
• Mo’ed or “Festival” deals with laws surrounding holidays.
• Nashim or “Women” deals with the issue of marriage and divorce.
• Nezikin or “Damages” deals with civil and criminal law, along with ethics.
• Kodashim or “Holy Things” deals with laws regarding sacrifices, the Temple, and
various dietary laws.
• Taharot or “Purities” covers laws of ritual purity.
The question as to whether this legal tradition has allowed the Jewish people to
maintain their identity is an interesting one to answer. In the simplest of terms, a person born
to a Jewish mother is a Jew. Likewise, if a person converts to Judaism, he or she is a Jew.
Unfortunately it is a little more complex to explain the identity of the Jewish people. The Jewish
people have been nomadic throughout their existence to say the least. As a people they have
ESSAY #1 142
“expelled” from numerous countries over their history; England, Germany, Italy, and Spain to
name a few. Even the land promised to them by God is difficult to call home due to the due to
the instability caused by others (namely the Palestinians) claiming it as their own. With the
uncertainty of a geographic identity, Talmudic law fills the space providing Jews with a strong
sense of identity.
The Jewish people came into existence through their belief structure and covenants that
they make amongst themselves long before they had a “land” to call their own. It is unfortunate
that their nomadic history has caused them to rely on Talmudic tradition to define their identity,
but it can certainly be said that its impact is strengthened because of it.
In the absence of a geographic identity, the tradition and law of the Talmudic have
allowed the Jewish people to preserve and maintain their identity for generations past and for
generations to come. They have been enslaved and oppressed for much of their existence. This
is why Jews recite the following covenant at every Passover. “This is that which has stood for
our forefathers and for us. For not one alone has stood against us to destroy us. Rather, in every
generation they stand against us to wipe us out. But the Holy One, blessed be He, saves us from
their hand.” It was with that covenant, Abraham was also told that his children would first be
“strangers in a land not their own” where they would be subjected to years of slavery and
oppression. It is hard to imagine that Talmudic law will ever cease to be a vital source of
identity for those who call themselves a Jew.
The text laments that while it was influenced by other models (Roman as an example),
Talmudic law itself has been highly influential in the formation of western law. Its impact can be
seen in civil and criminal law, as well as commercial law construction. An examination of the Bill
of Rights in the US Constitution revels the influence Talmudic law and thought. Talmudic law is
heavily in examples of “rights” just as the Bill of Rights (as its name dictates) lays out the
inalienable rights of man given to him by God. The second president of the United States, John
Adams was quoted as having said “The Jews have done more to civilize men than any other
nation....They are the most glorious Nation that ever inhabited the earth. The Romans and their
ESSAY #1 143
Empire were but a bauble in comparison to the Jews. They have given religion to three-quarters
of the Globe and have influenced the affairs of Mankind more, and more happily than any other
Nation, ancient or modern.”
Another area of influence can be found in the structure if the United States Congress.
The Jewish people were made of tribes and had leaders of those tribes. Contrast that with the
states that constitute America having leaders (Senators) of each state (tribe). Furthermore
Deuteronomy 1:13 describes what can arguably be an influential catalyst for the creation of the
House of Representatives, “Select for yourselves men who are wise, understanding, and known
to your tribes and I will appoint them as your leaders.” George Washington said at his farewell
address; "Of all the dispositions and habits which lead to political prosperity, Religion and
morality are indispensable supports. Whatever may be conceded to the influence of refined
education on minds of peculiar structure, reason and experience both forbid us to expect that
National morality can prevail in the exclusion of religious principle."
It is no secret that the Founding Fathers were religious men and their personal beliefs
greatly influenced the words that are included in the Constitution as well as the Declaration of
Independence (and many other writings as well). Even if a country considered itself to be
entirely secular, it would be nearly impossible to avoid the fingerprints of God on whatever laws
they would inevitably create (that is if they planned on having a shred of morality in their laws).
To imagine that any set of laws that would have the best interest in the people they would effect
not having the influence of God in them, seems entirely impossible.
As the text states, Talmudic law does not mandate that it is to be “universalized.”
Regardless of that, it has much to offer to the world whether of the Jewish faith or not. The
Jewish people have overcome obstacles of all shapes and sizes throughout their existence.
Their grounding and adherence to Talmudic law and tradition has carried them throughout.
God made a covenant with the Jewish people and they are his “chosen people.” He provided
them with the Talmudic and that in and of itself should be sufficient to give both Jew and
Gentile reason enough to have appreciation for what it says to all.
ESSAY #1 144
While Talmudic law was not born out of the commandments given to Moses by God, it
was most certainly strengthened and reaffirmed by the Ten Commandments. Talmudic law
recognizes two general, yet specific categories of value. One is the duties which are derived
from man's relationship to God; the other is duties which are derived from man's relationship to
others. The laws dealing with man's relationship to God are, in fact, the implementation of
Jewish teachings of theology. They are there to strengthen and affirm man’s relationship with
God. In terms of man’s relationship with others, the way that wealth and business is viewed is a
good example. Talmudic law generally looked favorable at business and acquiring wealth. In
fact, many Talmudic sages had occupations and some were quite wealthy. What was most
important was that wealth and riches should be acquired honestly and used to help the poor,
the needy, and just as importantly, used to help strangers.
The Talmud is divided into six general sections, referred to as Sedarim or “orders.” They
are:
• Zera’im or “Seeds” deal with agricultural laws and also deal with laws regarding
blessings and prayers.
• Mo’ed or “Festival” deals with laws surrounding holidays.
• Nashim or “Women” deals with the issue of marriage and divorce.
• Nezikin or “Damages” deals with civil and criminal law, along with ethics.
• Kodashim or “Holy Things” deals with laws regarding sacrifices, the Temple, and
various dietary laws.
• Taharot or “Purities” covers laws of ritual purity.
The question as to whether this legal tradition has allowed the Jewish people to
maintain their identity is an interesting one to answer. In the simplest of terms, a person born
to a Jewish mother is a Jew. Likewise, if a person converts to Judaism, he or she is a Jew.
Unfortunately it is a little more complex to explain the identity of the Jewish people. The Jewish
people have been nomadic throughout their existence to say the least. As a people they have
ESSAY #1 145
“expelled” from numerous countries over their history; England, Germany, Italy, and Spain to
name a few. Even the land promised to them by God is difficult to call home due to the due to
the instability caused by others (namely the Palestinians) claiming it as their own. With the
uncertainty of a geographic identity, Talmudic law fills the space providing Jews with a strong
sense of identity.
The Jewish people came into existence through their belief structure and covenants that
they make amongst themselves long before they had a “land” to call their own. It is unfortunate
that their nomadic history has caused them to rely on Talmudic tradition to define their identity,
but it can certainly be said that its impact is strengthened because of it.
In the absence of a geographic identity, the tradition and law of the Talmudic have
allowed the Jewish people to preserve and maintain their identity for generations past and for
generations to come. They have been enslaved and oppressed for much of their existence. This
is why Jews recite the following covenant at every Passover. “This is that which has stood for
our forefathers and for us. For not one alone has stood against us to destroy us. Rather, in every
generation they stand against us to wipe us out. But the Holy One, blessed be He, saves us from
their hand.” It was with that covenant, Abraham was also told that his children would first be
“strangers in a land not their own” where they would be subjected to years of slavery and
oppression. It is hard to imagine that Talmudic law will ever cease to be a vital source of
identity for those who call themselves a Jew.
The text laments that while it was influenced by other models (Roman as an example),
Talmudic law itself has been highly influential in the formation of western law. Its impact can be
seen in civil and criminal law, as well as commercial law construction. An examination of the Bill
of Rights in the US Constitution revels the influence Talmudic law and thought. Talmudic law is
heavily in examples of “rights” just as the Bill of Rights (as its name dictates) lays out the
inalienable rights of man given to him by God. The second president of the United States, John
Adams was quoted as having said “The Jews have done more to civilize men than any other
nation....They are the most glorious Nation that ever inhabited the earth. The Romans and their
ESSAY #1 146
Empire were but a bauble in comparison to the Jews. They have given religion to three-quarters
of the Globe and have influenced the affairs of Mankind more, and more happily than any other
Nation, ancient or modern.”
Another area of influence can be found in the structure if the United States Congress.
The Jewish people were made of tribes and had leaders of those tribes. Contrast that with the
states that constitute America having leaders (Senators) of each state (tribe). Furthermore
Deuteronomy 1:13 describes what can arguably be an influential catalyst for the creation of the
House of Representatives, “Select for yourselves men who are wise, understanding, and known
to your tribes and I will appoint them as your leaders.” George Washington said at his farewell
address; "Of all the dispositions and habits which lead to political prosperity, Religion and
morality are indispensable supports. Whatever may be conceded to the influence of refined
education on minds of peculiar structure, reason and experience both forbid us to expect that
National morality can prevail in the exclusion of religious principle."
It is no secret that the Founding Fathers were religious men and their personal beliefs
greatly influenced the words that are included in the Constitution as well as the Declaration of
Independence (and many other writings as well). Even if a country considered itself to be
entirely secular, it would be nearly impossible to avoid the fingerprints of God on whatever laws
they would inevitably create (that is if they planned on having a shred of morality in their laws).
To imagine that any set of laws that would have the best interest in the people they would effect
not having the influence of God in them, seems entirely impossible.
As the text states, Talmudic law does not mandate that it is to be “universalized.”
Regardless of that, it has much to offer to the world whether of the Jewish faith or not. The
Jewish people have overcome obstacles of all shapes and sizes throughout their existence.
Their grounding and adherence to Talmudic law and tradition has carried them throughout.
God made a covenant with the Jewish people and they are his “chosen people.” He provided
them with the Talmudic and that in and of itself should be sufficient to give both Jew and
Gentile reason enough to have appreciation for what it says to all.
ESSAY #1 147
While Talmudic law was not born out of the commandments given to Moses by God, it
was most certainly strengthened and reaffirmed by the Ten Commandments. Talmudic law
recognizes two general, yet specific categories of value. One is the duties which are derived
from man's relationship to God; the other is duties which are derived from man's relationship to
others. The laws dealing with man's relationship to God are, in fact, the implementation of
Jewish teachings of theology. They are there to strengthen and affirm man’s relationship with
God. In terms of man’s relationship with others, the way that wealth and business is viewed is a
good example. Talmudic law generally looked favorable at business and acquiring wealth. In
fact, many Talmudic sages had occupations and some were quite wealthy. What was most
important was that wealth and riches should be acquired honestly and used to help the poor,
the needy, and just as importantly, used to help strangers.
The Talmud is divided into six general sections, referred to as Sedarim or “orders.” They
are:
• Zera’im or “Seeds” deal with agricultural laws and also deal with laws regarding
blessings and prayers.
• Mo’ed or “Festival” deals with laws surrounding holidays.
• Nashim or “Women” deals with the issue of marriage and divorce.
• Nezikin or “Damages” deals with civil and criminal law, along with ethics.
• Kodashim or “Holy Things” deals with laws regarding sacrifices, the Temple, and
various dietary laws.
• Taharot or “Purities” covers laws of ritual purity.
The question as to whether this legal tradition has allowed the Jewish people to
maintain their identity is an interesting one to answer. In the simplest of terms, a person born
to a Jewish mother is a Jew. Likewise, if a person converts to Judaism, he or she is a Jew.
Unfortunately it is a little more complex to explain the identity of the Jewish people. The Jewish
people have been nomadic throughout their existence to say the least. As a people they have
ESSAY #1 148
“expelled” from numerous countries over their history; England, Germany, Italy, and Spain to
name a few. Even the land promised to them by God is difficult to call home due to the due to
the instability caused by others (namely the Palestinians) claiming it as their own. With the
uncertainty of a geographic identity, Talmudic law fills the space providing Jews with a strong
sense of identity.
The Jewish people came into existence through their belief structure and covenants that
they make amongst themselves long before they had a “land” to call their own. It is unfortunate
that their nomadic history has caused them to rely on Talmudic tradition to define their identity,
but it can certainly be said that its impact is strengthened because of it.
In the absence of a geographic identity, the tradition and law of the Talmudic have
allowed the Jewish people to preserve and maintain their identity for generations past and for
generations to come. They have been enslaved and oppressed for much of their existence. This
is why Jews recite the following covenant at every Passover. “This is that which has stood for
our forefathers and for us. For not one alone has stood against us to destroy us. Rather, in every
generation they stand against us to wipe us out. But the Holy One, blessed be He, saves us from
their hand.” It was with that covenant, Abraham was also told that his children would first be
“strangers in a land not their own” where they would be subjected to years of slavery and
oppression. It is hard to imagine that Talmudic law will ever cease to be a vital source of
identity for those who call themselves a Jew.
The text laments that while it was influenced by other models (Roman as an example),
Talmudic law itself has been highly influential in the formation of western law. Its impact can be
seen in civil and criminal law, as well as commercial law construction. An examination of the Bill
of Rights in the US Constitution revels the influence Talmudic law and thought. Talmudic law is
heavily in examples of “rights” just as the Bill of Rights (as its name dictates) lays out the
inalienable rights of man given to him by God. The second president of the United States, John
Adams was quoted as having said “The Jews have done more to civilize men than any other
nation....They are the most glorious Nation that ever inhabited the earth. The Romans and their
ESSAY #1 149
Empire were but a bauble in comparison to the Jews. They have given religion to three-quarters
of the Globe and have influenced the affairs of Mankind more, and more happily than any other
Nation, ancient or modern.”
Another area of influence can be found in the structure if the United States Congress.
The Jewish people were made of tribes and had leaders of those tribes. Contrast that with the
states that constitute America having leaders (Senators) of each state (tribe). Furthermore
Deuteronomy 1:13 describes what can arguably be an influential catalyst for the creation of the
House of Representatives, “Select for yourselves men who are wise, understanding, and known
to your tribes and I will appoint them as your leaders.” George Washington said at his farewell
address; "Of all the dispositions and habits which lead to political prosperity, Religion and
morality are indispensable supports. Whatever may be conceded to the influence of refined
education on minds of peculiar structure, reason and experience both forbid us to expect that
National morality can prevail in the exclusion of religious principle."
It is no secret that the Founding Fathers were religious men and their personal beliefs
greatly influenced the words that are included in the Constitution as well as the Declaration of
Independence (and many other writings as well). Even if a country considered itself to be
entirely secular, it would be nearly impossible to avoid the fingerprints of God on whatever laws
they would inevitably create (that is if they planned on having a shred of morality in their laws).
To imagine that any set of laws that would have the best interest in the people they would effect
not having the influence of God in them, seems entirely impossible.
As the text states, Talmudic law does not mandate that it is to be “universalized.”
Regardless of that, it has much to offer to the world whether of the Jewish faith or not. The
Jewish people have overcome obstacles of all shapes and sizes throughout their existence.
Their grounding and adherence to Talmudic law and tradition has carried them throughout.
God made a covenant with the Jewish people and they are his “chosen people.” He provided
them with the Talmudic and that in and of itself should be sufficient to give both Jew and
Gentile reason enough to have appreciation for what it says to all.
ESSAY #1 150
While Talmudic law was not born out of the commandments given to Moses by God, it
was most certainly strengthened and reaffirmed by the Ten Commandments. Talmudic law
recognizes two general, yet specific categories of value. One is the duties which are derived
from man's relationship to God; the other is duties which are derived from man's relationship to
others. The laws dealing with man's relationship to God are, in fact, the implementation of
Jewish teachings of theology. They are there to strengthen and affirm man’s relationship with
God. In terms of man’s relationship with others, the way that wealth and business is viewed is a
good example. Talmudic law generally looked favorable at business and acquiring wealth. In
fact, many Talmudic sages had occupations and some were quite wealthy. What was most
important was that wealth and riches should be acquired honestly and used to help the poor,
the needy, and just as importantly, used to help strangers.
The Talmud is divided into six general sections, referred to as Sedarim or “orders.” They
are:
• Zera’im or “Seeds” deal with agricultural laws and also deal with laws regarding
blessings and prayers.
• Mo’ed or “Festival” deals with laws surrounding holidays.
• Nashim or “Women” deals with the issue of marriage and divorce.
• Nezikin or “Damages” deals with civil and criminal law, along with ethics.
• Kodashim or “Holy Things” deals with laws regarding sacrifices, the Temple, and
various dietary laws.
• Taharot or “Purities” covers laws of ritual purity.
The question as to whether this legal tradition has allowed the Jewish people to
maintain their identity is an interesting one to answer. In the simplest of terms, a person born
to a Jewish mother is a Jew. Likewise, if a person converts to Judaism, he or she is a Jew.
Unfortunately it is a little more complex to explain the identity of the Jewish people. The Jewish
people have been nomadic throughout their existence to say the least. As a people they have
ESSAY #1 151
“expelled” from numerous countries over their history; England, Germany, Italy, and Spain to
name a few. Even the land promised to them by God is difficult to call home due to the due to
the instability caused by others (namely the Palestinians) claiming it as their own. With the
uncertainty of a geographic identity, Talmudic law fills the space providing Jews with a strong
sense of identity.
The Jewish people came into existence through their belief structure and covenants that
they make amongst themselves long before they had a “land” to call their own. It is unfortunate
that their nomadic history has caused them to rely on Talmudic tradition to define their identity,
but it can certainly be said that its impact is strengthened because of it.
In the absence of a geographic identity, the tradition and law of the Talmudic have
allowed the Jewish people to preserve and maintain their identity for generations past and for
generations to come. They have been enslaved and oppressed for much of their existence. This
is why Jews recite the following covenant at every Passover. “This is that which has stood for
our forefathers and for us. For not one alone has stood against us to destroy us. Rather, in every
generation they stand against us to wipe us out. But the Holy One, blessed be He, saves us from
their hand.” It was with that covenant, Abraham was also told that his children would first be
“strangers in a land not their own” where they would be subjected to years of slavery and
oppression. It is hard to imagine that Talmudic law will ever cease to be a vital source of
identity for those who call themselves a Jew.
The text laments that while it was influenced by other models (Roman as an example),
Talmudic law itself has been highly influential in the formation of western law. Its impact can be
seen in civil and criminal law, as well as commercial law construction. An examination of the Bill
of Rights in the US Constitution revels the influence Talmudic law and thought. Talmudic law is
heavily in examples of “rights” just as the Bill of Rights (as its name dictates) lays out the
inalienable rights of man given to him by God. The second president of the United States, John
Adams was quoted as having said “The Jews have done more to civilize men than any other
nation....They are the most glorious Nation that ever inhabited the earth. The Romans and their
ESSAY #1 152
Empire were but a bauble in comparison to the Jews. They have given religion to three-quarters
of the Globe and have influenced the affairs of Mankind more, and more happily than any other
Nation, ancient or modern.”
Another area of influence can be found in the structure if the United States Congress.
The Jewish people were made of tribes and had leaders of those tribes. Contrast that with the
states that constitute America having leaders (Senators) of each state (tribe). Furthermore
Deuteronomy 1:13 describes what can arguably be an influential catalyst for the creation of the
House of Representatives, “Select for yourselves men who are wise, understanding, and known
to your tribes and I will appoint them as your leaders.” George Washington said at his farewell
address; "Of all the dispositions and habits which lead to political prosperity, Religion and
morality are indispensable supports. Whatever may be conceded to the influence of refined
education on minds of peculiar structure, reason and experience both forbid us to expect that
National morality can prevail in the exclusion of religious principle."
It is no secret that the Founding Fathers were religious men and their personal beliefs
greatly influenced the words that are included in the Constitution as well as the Declaration of
Independence (and many other writings as well). Even if a country considered itself to be
entirely secular, it would be nearly impossible to avoid the fingerprints of God on whatever laws
they would inevitably create (that is if they planned on having a shred of morality in their laws).
To imagine that any set of laws that would have the best interest in the people they would effect
not having the influence of God in them, seems entirely impossible.
As the text states, Talmudic law does not mandate that it is to be “universalized.”
Regardless of that, it has much to offer to the world whether of the Jewish faith or not. The
Jewish people have overcome obstacles of all shapes and sizes throughout their existence.
Their grounding and adherence to Talmudic law and tradition has carried them throughout.
God made a covenant with the Jewish people and they are his “chosen people.” He provided
them with the Talmudic and that in and of itself should be sufficient to give both Jew and
Gentile reason enough to have appreciation for what it says to all.
ESSAY #1 153
While Talmudic law was not born out of the commandments given to Moses by God, it
was most certainly strengthened and reaffirmed by the Ten Commandments. Talmudic law
recognizes two general, yet specific categories of value. One is the duties which are derived
from man's relationship to God; the other is duties which are derived from man's relationship to
others. The laws dealing with man's relationship to God are, in fact, the implementation of
Jewish teachings of theology. They are there to strengthen and affirm man’s relationship with
God. In terms of man’s relationship with others, the way that wealth and business is viewed is a
good example. Talmudic law generally looked favorable at business and acquiring wealth. In
fact, many Talmudic sages had occupations and some were quite wealthy. What was most
important was that wealth and riches should be acquired honestly and used to help the poor,
the needy, and just as importantly, used to help strangers.
The Talmud is divided into six general sections, referred to as Sedarim or “orders.” They
are:
• Zera’im or “Seeds” deal with agricultural laws and also deal with laws regarding
blessings and prayers.
• Mo’ed or “Festival” deals with laws surrounding holidays.
• Nashim or “Women” deals with the issue of marriage and divorce.
• Nezikin or “Damages” deals with civil and criminal law, along with ethics.
• Kodashim or “Holy Things” deals with laws regarding sacrifices, the Temple, and
various dietary laws.
• Taharot or “Purities” covers laws of ritual purity.
The question as to whether this legal tradition has allowed the Jewish people to
maintain their identity is an interesting one to answer. In the simplest of terms, a person born
to a Jewish mother is a Jew. Likewise, if a person converts to Judaism, he or she is a Jew.
Unfortunately it is a little more complex to explain the identity of the Jewish people. The Jewish
people have been nomadic throughout their existence to say the least. As a people they have
ESSAY #1 154
“expelled” from numerous countries over their history; England, Germany, Italy, and Spain to
name a few. Even the land promised to them by God is difficult to call home due to the due to
the instability caused by others (namely the Palestinians) claiming it as their own. With the
uncertainty of a geographic identity, Talmudic law fills the space providing Jews with a strong
sense of identity.
The Jewish people came into existence through their belief structure and covenants that
they make amongst themselves long before they had a “land” to call their own. It is unfortunate
that their nomadic history has caused them to rely on Talmudic tradition to define their identity,
but it can certainly be said that its impact is strengthened because of it.
In the absence of a geographic identity, the tradition and law of the Talmudic have
allowed the Jewish people to preserve and maintain their identity for generations past and for
generations to come. They have been enslaved and oppressed for much of their existence. This
is why Jews recite the following covenant at every Passover. “This is that which has stood for
our forefathers and for us. For not one alone has stood against us to destroy us. Rather, in every
generation they stand against us to wipe us out. But the Holy One, blessed be He, saves us from
their hand.” It was with that covenant, Abraham was also told that his children would first be
“strangers in a land not their own” where they would be subjected to years of slavery and
oppression. It is hard to imagine that Talmudic law will ever cease to be a vital source of
identity for those who call themselves a Jew.
The text laments that while it was influenced by other models (Roman as an example),
Talmudic law itself has been highly influential in the formation of western law. Its impact can be
seen in civil and criminal law, as well as commercial law construction. An examination of the Bill
of Rights in the US Constitution revels the influence Talmudic law and thought. Talmudic law is
heavily in examples of “rights” just as the Bill of Rights (as its name dictates) lays out the
inalienable rights of man given to him by God. The second president of the United States, John
Adams was quoted as having said “The Jews have done more to civilize men than any other
nation....They are the most glorious Nation that ever inhabited the earth. The Romans and their
ESSAY #1 155
Empire were but a bauble in comparison to the Jews. They have given religion to three-quarters
of the Globe and have influenced the affairs of Mankind more, and more happily than any other
Nation, ancient or modern.”
Another area of influence can be found in the structure if the United States Congress.
The Jewish people were made of tribes and had leaders of those tribes. Contrast that with the
states that constitute America having leaders (Senators) of each state (tribe). Furthermore
Deuteronomy 1:13 describes what can arguably be an influential catalyst for the creation of the
House of Representatives, “Select for yourselves men who are wise, understanding, and known
to your tribes and I will appoint them as your leaders.” George Washington said at his farewell
address; "Of all the dispositions and habits which lead to political prosperity, Religion and
morality are indispensable supports. Whatever may be conceded to the influence of refined
education on minds of peculiar structure, reason and experience both forbid us to expect that
National morality can prevail in the exclusion of religious principle."
It is no secret that the Founding Fathers were religious men and their personal beliefs
greatly influenced the words that are included in the Constitution as well as the Declaration of
Independence (and many other writings as well). Even if a country considered itself to be
entirely secular, it would be nearly impossible to avoid the fingerprints of God on whatever laws
they would inevitably create (that is if they planned on having a shred of morality in their laws).
To imagine that any set of laws that would have the best interest in the people they would effect
not having the influence of God in them, seems entirely impossible.
As the text states, Talmudic law does not mandate that it is to be “universalized.”
Regardless of that, it has much to offer to the world whether of the Jewish faith or not. The
Jewish people have overcome obstacles of all shapes and sizes throughout their existence.
Their grounding and adherence to Talmudic law and tradition has carried them throughout.
God made a covenant with the Jewish people and they are his “chosen people.” He provided
them with the Talmudic and that in and of itself should be sufficient to give both Jew and
Gentile reason enough to have appreciation for what it says to all.
ESSAY #1 156
While Talmudic law was not born out of the commandments given to Moses by God, it
was most certainly strengthened and reaffirmed by the Ten Commandments. Talmudic law
recognizes two general, yet specific categories of value. One is the duties which are derived
from man's relationship to God; the other is duties which are derived from man's relationship to
others. The laws dealing with man's relationship to God are, in fact, the implementation of
Jewish teachings of theology. They are there to strengthen and affirm man’s relationship with
God. In terms of man’s relationship with others, the way that wealth and business is viewed is a
good example. Talmudic law generally looked favorable at business and acquiring wealth. In
fact, many Talmudic sages had occupations and some were quite wealthy. What was most
important was that wealth and riches should be acquired honestly and used to help the poor,
the needy, and just as importantly, used to help strangers.
The Talmud is divided into six general sections, referred to as Sedarim or “orders.” They
are:
• Zera’im or “Seeds” deal with agricultural laws and also deal with laws regarding
blessings and prayers.
• Mo’ed or “Festival” deals with laws surrounding holidays.
• Nashim or “Women” deals with the issue of marriage and divorce.
• Nezikin or “Damages” deals with civil and criminal law, along with ethics.
• Kodashim or “Holy Things” deals with laws regarding sacrifices, the Temple, and
various dietary laws.
• Taharot or “Purities” covers laws of ritual purity.
The question as to whether this legal tradition has allowed the Jewish people to
maintain their identity is an interesting one to answer. In the simplest of terms, a person born
to a Jewish mother is a Jew. Likewise, if a person converts to Judaism, he or she is a Jew.
Unfortunately it is a little more complex to explain the identity of the Jewish people. The Jewish
people have been nomadic throughout their existence to say the least. As a people they have
ESSAY #1 157
“expelled” from numerous countries over their history; England, Germany, Italy, and Spain to
name a few. Even the land promised to them by God is difficult to call home due to the due to
the instability caused by others (namely the Palestinians) claiming it as their own. With the
uncertainty of a geographic identity, Talmudic law fills the space providing Jews with a strong
sense of identity.
The Jewish people came into existence through their belief structure and covenants that
they make amongst themselves long before they had a “land” to call their own. It is unfortunate
that their nomadic history has caused them to rely on Talmudic tradition to define their identity,
but it can certainly be said that its impact is strengthened because of it.
In the absence of a geographic identity, the tradition and law of the Talmudic have
allowed the Jewish people to preserve and maintain their identity for generations past and for
generations to come. They have been enslaved and oppressed for much of their existence. This
is why Jews recite the following covenant at every Passover. “This is that which has stood for
our forefathers and for us. For not one alone has stood against us to destroy us. Rather, in every
generation they stand against us to wipe us out. But the Holy One, blessed be He, saves us from
their hand.” It was with that covenant, Abraham was also told that his children would first be
“strangers in a land not their own” where they would be subjected to years of slavery and
oppression. It is hard to imagine that Talmudic law will ever cease to be a vital source of
identity for those who call themselves a Jew.
The text laments that while it was influenced by other models (Roman as an example),
Talmudic law itself has been highly influential in the formation of western law. Its impact can be
seen in civil and criminal law, as well as commercial law construction. An examination of the Bill
of Rights in the US Constitution revels the influence Talmudic law and thought. Talmudic law is
heavily in examples of “rights” just as the Bill of Rights (as its name dictates) lays out the
inalienable rights of man given to him by God. The second president of the United States, John
Adams was quoted as having said “The Jews have done more to civilize men than any other
nation....They are the most glorious Nation that ever inhabited the earth. The Romans and their
ESSAY #1 158
Empire were but a bauble in comparison to the Jews. They have given religion to three-quarters
of the Globe and have influenced the affairs of Mankind more, and more happily than any other
Nation, ancient or modern.”
Another area of influence can be found in the structure if the United States Congress.
The Jewish people were made of tribes and had leaders of those tribes. Contrast that with the
states that constitute America having leaders (Senators) of each state (tribe). Furthermore
Deuteronomy 1:13 describes what can arguably be an influential catalyst for the creation of the
House of Representatives, “Select for yourselves men who are wise, understanding, and known
to your tribes and I will appoint them as your leaders.” George Washington said at his farewell
address; "Of all the dispositions and habits which lead to political prosperity, Religion and
morality are indispensable supports. Whatever may be conceded to the influence of refined
education on minds of peculiar structure, reason and experience both forbid us to expect that
National morality can prevail in the exclusion of religious principle."
It is no secret that the Founding Fathers were religious men and their personal beliefs
greatly influenced the words that are included in the Constitution as well as the Declaration of
Independence (and many other writings as well). Even if a country considered itself to be
entirely secular, it would be nearly impossible to avoid the fingerprints of God on whatever laws
they would inevitably create (that is if they planned on having a shred of morality in their laws).
To imagine that any set of laws that would have the best interest in the people they would effect
not having the influence of God in them, seems entirely impossible.
As the text states, Talmudic law does not mandate that it is to be “universalized.”
Regardless of that, it has much to offer to the world whether of the Jewish faith or not. The
Jewish people have overcome obstacles of all shapes and sizes throughout their existence.
Their grounding and adherence to Talmudic law and tradition has carried them throughout.
God made a covenant with the Jewish people and they are his “chosen people.” He provided
them with the Talmudic and that in and of itself should be sufficient to give both Jew and
Gentile reason enough to have appreciation for what it says to all.
ESSAY #1 159
While Talmudic law was not born out of the commandments given to Moses by God, it
was most certainly strengthened and reaffirmed by the Ten Commandments. Talmudic law
recognizes two general, yet specific categories of value. One is the duties which are derived
from man's relationship to God; the other is duties which are derived from man's relationship to
others. The laws dealing with man's relationship to God are, in fact, the implementation of
Jewish teachings of theology. They are there to strengthen and affirm man’s relationship with
God. In terms of man’s relationship with others, the way that wealth and business is viewed is a
good example. Talmudic law generally looked favorable at business and acquiring wealth. In
fact, many Talmudic sages had occupations and some were quite wealthy. What was most
important was that wealth and riches should be acquired honestly and used to help the poor,
the needy, and just as importantly, used to help strangers.
The Talmud is divided into six general sections, referred to as Sedarim or “orders.” They
are:
• Zera’im or “Seeds” deal with agricultural laws and also deal with laws regarding
blessings and prayers.
• Mo’ed or “Festival” deals with laws surrounding holidays.
• Nashim or “Women” deals with the issue of marriage and divorce.
• Nezikin or “Damages” deals with civil and criminal law, along with ethics.
• Kodashim or “Holy Things” deals with laws regarding sacrifices, the Temple, and
various dietary laws.
• Taharot or “Purities” covers laws of ritual purity.
The question as to whether this legal tradition has allowed the Jewish people to
maintain their identity is an interesting one to answer. In the simplest of terms, a person born
to a Jewish mother is a Jew. Likewise, if a person converts to Judaism, he or she is a Jew.
Unfortunately it is a little more complex to explain the identity of the Jewish people. The Jewish
people have been nomadic throughout their existence to say the least. As a people they have
ESSAY #1 160
“expelled” from numerous countries over their history; England, Germany, Italy, and Spain to
name a few. Even the land promised to them by God is difficult to call home due to the due to
the instability caused by others (namely the Palestinians) claiming it as their own. With the
uncertainty of a geographic identity, Talmudic law fills the space providing Jews with a strong
sense of identity.
The Jewish people came into existence through their belief structure and covenants that
they make amongst themselves long before they had a “land” to call their own. It is unfortunate
that their nomadic history has caused them to rely on Talmudic tradition to define their identity,
but it can certainly be said that its impact is strengthened because of it.
In the absence of a geographic identity, the tradition and law of the Talmudic have
allowed the Jewish people to preserve and maintain their identity for generations past and for
generations to come. They have been enslaved and oppressed for much of their existence. This
is why Jews recite the following covenant at every Passover. “This is that which has stood for
our forefathers and for us. For not one alone has stood against us to destroy us. Rather, in every
generation they stand against us to wipe us out. But the Holy One, blessed be He, saves us from
their hand.” It was with that covenant, Abraham was also told that his children would first be
“strangers in a land not their own” where they would be subjected to years of slavery and
oppression. It is hard to imagine that Talmudic law will ever cease to be a vital source of
identity for those who call themselves a Jew.
The text laments that while it was influenced by other models (Roman as an example),
Talmudic law itself has been highly influential in the formation of western law. Its impact can be
seen in civil and criminal law, as well as commercial law construction. An examination of the Bill
of Rights in the US Constitution revels the influence Talmudic law and thought. Talmudic law is
heavily in examples of “rights” just as the Bill of Rights (as its name dictates) lays out the
inalienable rights of man given to him by God. The second president of the United States, John
Adams was quoted as having said “The Jews have done more to civilize men than any other
nation....They are the most glorious Nation that ever inhabited the earth. The Romans and their
ESSAY #1 161
Empire were but a bauble in comparison to the Jews. They have given religion to three-quarters
of the Globe and have influenced the affairs of Mankind more, and more happily than any other
Nation, ancient or modern.”
Another area of influence can be found in the structure if the United States Congress.
The Jewish people were made of tribes and had leaders of those tribes. Contrast that with the
states that constitute America having leaders (Senators) of each state (tribe). Furthermore
Deuteronomy 1:13 describes what can arguably be an influential catalyst for the creation of the
House of Representatives, “Select for yourselves men who are wise, understanding, and known
to your tribes and I will appoint them as your leaders.” George Washington said at his farewell
address; "Of all the dispositions and habits which lead to political prosperity, Religion and
morality are indispensable supports. Whatever may be conceded to the influence of refined
education on minds of peculiar structure, reason and experience both forbid us to expect that
National morality can prevail in the exclusion of religious principle."
It is no secret that the Founding Fathers were religious men and their personal beliefs
greatly influenced the words that are included in the Constitution as well as the Declaration of
Independence (and many other writings as well). Even if a country considered itself to be
entirely secular, it would be nearly impossible to avoid the fingerprints of God on whatever laws
they would inevitably create (that is if they planned on having a shred of morality in their laws).
To imagine that any set of laws that would have the best interest in the people they would effect
not having the influence of God in them, seems entirely impossible.
As the text states, Talmudic law does not mandate that it is to be “universalized.”
Regardless of that, it has much to offer to the world whether of the Jewish faith or not. The
Jewish people have overcome obstacles of all shapes and sizes throughout their existence.
Their grounding and adherence to Talmudic law and tradition has carried them throughout.
God made a covenant with the Jewish people and they are his “chosen people.” He provided
them with the Talmudic and that in and of itself should be sufficient to give both Jew and
Gentile reason enough to have appreciation for what it says to all.
ESSAY #1 162
While Talmudic law was not born out of the commandments given to Moses by God, it
was most certainly strengthened and reaffirmed by the Ten Commandments. Talmudic law
recognizes two general, yet specific categories of value. One is the duties which are derived
from man's relationship to God; the other is duties which are derived from man's relationship to
others. The laws dealing with man's relationship to God are, in fact, the implementation of
Jewish teachings of theology. They are there to strengthen and affirm man’s relationship with
God. In terms of man’s relationship with others, the way that wealth and business is viewed is a
good example. Talmudic law generally looked favorable at business and acquiring wealth. In
fact, many Talmudic sages had occupations and some were quite wealthy. What was most
important was that wealth and riches should be acquired honestly and used to help the poor,
the needy, and just as importantly, used to help strangers.
The Talmud is divided into six general sections, referred to as Sedarim or “orders.” They
are:
• Zera’im or “Seeds” deal with agricultural laws and also deal with laws regarding
blessings and prayers.
• Mo’ed or “Festival” deals with laws surrounding holidays.
• Nashim or “Women” deals with the issue of marriage and divorce.
• Nezikin or “Damages” deals with civil and criminal law, along with ethics.
• Kodashim or “Holy Things” deals with laws regarding sacrifices, the Temple, and
various dietary laws.
• Taharot or “Purities” covers laws of ritual purity.
The question as to whether this legal tradition has allowed the Jewish people to
maintain their identity is an interesting one to answer. In the simplest of terms, a person born
to a Jewish mother is a Jew. Likewise, if a person converts to Judaism, he or she is a Jew.
Unfortunately it is a little more complex to explain the identity of the Jewish people. The Jewish
people have been nomadic throughout their existence to say the least. As a people they have
ESSAY #1 163
“expelled” from numerous countries over their history; England, Germany, Italy, and Spain to
name a few. Even the land promised to them by God is difficult to call home due to the due to
the instability caused by others (namely the Palestinians) claiming it as their own. With the
uncertainty of a geographic identity, Talmudic law fills the space providing Jews with a strong
sense of identity.
The Jewish people came into existence through their belief structure and covenants that
they make amongst themselves long before they had a “land” to call their own. It is unfortunate
that their nomadic history has caused them to rely on Talmudic tradition to define their identity,
but it can certainly be said that its impact is strengthened because of it.
In the absence of a geographic identity, the tradition and law of the Talmudic have
allowed the Jewish people to preserve and maintain their identity for generations past and for
generations to come. They have been enslaved and oppressed for much of their existence. This
is why Jews recite the following covenant at every Passover. “This is that which has stood for
our forefathers and for us. For not one alone has stood against us to destroy us. Rather, in every
generation they stand against us to wipe us out. But the Holy One, blessed be He, saves us from
their hand.” It was with that covenant, Abraham was also told that his children would first be
“strangers in a land not their own” where they would be subjected to years of slavery and
oppression. It is hard to imagine that Talmudic law will ever cease to be a vital source of
identity for those who call themselves a Jew.
The text laments that while it was influenced by other models (Roman as an example),
Talmudic law itself has been highly influential in the formation of western law. Its impact can be
seen in civil and criminal law, as well as commercial law construction. An examination of the Bill
of Rights in the US Constitution revels the influence Talmudic law and thought. Talmudic law is
heavily in examples of “rights” just as the Bill of Rights (as its name dictates) lays out the
inalienable rights of man given to him by God. The second president of the United States, John
Adams was quoted as having said “The Jews have done more to civilize men than any other
nation....They are the most glorious Nation that ever inhabited the earth. The Romans and their
ESSAY #1 164
Empire were but a bauble in comparison to the Jews. They have given religion to three-quarters
of the Globe and have influenced the affairs of Mankind more, and more happily than any other
Nation, ancient or modern.”
Another area of influence can be found in the structure if the United States Congress.
The Jewish people were made of tribes and had leaders of those tribes. Contrast that with the
states that constitute America having leaders (Senators) of each state (tribe). Furthermore
Deuteronomy 1:13 describes what can arguably be an influential catalyst for the creation of the
House of Representatives, “Select for yourselves men who are wise, understanding, and known
to your tribes and I will appoint them as your leaders.” George Washington said at his farewell
address; "Of all the dispositions and habits which lead to political prosperity, Religion and
morality are indispensable supports. Whatever may be conceded to the influence of refined
education on minds of peculiar structure, reason and experience both forbid us to expect that
National morality can prevail in the exclusion of religious principle."
It is no secret that the Founding Fathers were religious men and their personal beliefs
greatly influenced the words that are included in the Constitution as well as the Declaration of
Independence (and many other writings as well). Even if a country considered itself to be
entirely secular, it would be nearly impossible to avoid the fingerprints of God on whatever laws
they would inevitably create (that is if they planned on having a shred of morality in their laws).
To imagine that any set of laws that would have the best interest in the people they would effect
not having the influence of God in them, seems entirely impossible.
As the text states, Talmudic law does not mandate that it is to be “universalized.”
Regardless of that, it has much to offer to the world whether of the Jewish faith or not. The
Jewish people have overcome obstacles of all shapes and sizes throughout their existence.
Their grounding and adherence to Talmudic law and tradition has carried them throughout.
God made a covenant with the Jewish people and they are his “chosen people.” He provided
them with the Talmudic and that in and of itself should be sufficient to give both Jew and
Gentile reason enough to have appreciation for what it says to all.
ESSAY #1 165
H. Patrick Glenn, Legal Traditions of the World (5th ed. 2014).
Paul Eidelberg, Jewish Roots of the American Constitution. http://britam.org/eidelberg.html
Tzvi Freeman, Who Is a Jew? Solving the Mystery of Jewish Identity.
www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/3854897/jewish/Who-Is-a-Jew.htm
Yehuda Shurpin, How and why was the Oral Torah written? What Is the Talmud?
www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/3347866/jewish/What-Is-the-Talmud.htm
William Kremer, BBC World Service. The Talmud: Why has a Jewish law book become so
popular? November 2013. http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-24367959 5 4c29b1-e974-
4085- 920-dbd05 664804
