INFO 320
RESEARCH PROJECT: ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY ASSIGNMENT INSTRUCTIONS
After choosing the topic for your Research Project, you will complete an Annotated
Bibliography assignment using the Research Project: Annotated Bibliography Template
provided. This assignment will be used as a spring board in your research for your project. It
may also be used to begin to explore ideas or concepts you find interesting within the realm of
the topics covered in this course. You must use the Liberty University Library Research Portal to
identify a minimum of 5 scholarly journal articles from peer-reviewed journals addressing your
topic. All references must be less than 10 years old. Ensure that the document follows current
APA formatting. When using the provided template, delete current material and replace it with
your own material. Refer to the Annotated Bibliography Rubric for additional project insights.
Note: Your assignment will be checked for originality via the Turnitin plagiarism tool.
INFO 320
RESEARCH PROJECT: ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY TEMPLATE
Prompts to consider for bibliography content:
Brief statement regarding the author and his/her credentials as an authority.
A crisp statement regarding the relevance of this article for your topic.
A meaningful quote from the article that you would likely cite if you were to write an
essay on this topic.
(Do not include this section in your final document – This is provided for instructional
purposes only. Your paper will have the above title and start with the below section)
1
Annotated Bibliography
(Name)
Liberty University
2
Statement of Topic
Kiyonaga (2004) suggests that, “the aging of the largest generation the United States has
ever known will affect every social institution from employment to health care. Precisely what
the impact will be is, like all future events, still a matter of prediction. That there will be a major
impact is not” (p. 357). This paper will seek to provide a perspective on the aging of the
workforce with specific attention given to; the potential roles available for the aging worker, the
training available and offered the aging worker, explore implications for the organization and
finally the role the strategic HR function plays in propelling the organization forward in dealing
with this issue.
Kondrasuk, A., Moore, H.L., & Wang, H. (2001). Negligent Hiring: The emerging
contributor to workplace violence in the public sector. Public Personnel
Management, 30(2), 185.
http://proquest.umi.com/pqdlink?did=74623315&Fmt=2&clientId=20655&RQT=30
9&VName=PQD
This article contributes significant and relevant statistics which confirm the pervasiveness of
violent incidents in general. The National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
found that 20 persons were murdered at work every week. Nationally, homicide is the second
highest overall cause of workplace-related deaths; for female workers, homicide is the leading
cause of workplace deaths. Workplace violence now accounts for 15 percent of the more than 6.5
million violent acts experienced by U. S. residents who are age 12 or older. (para 7). Kondrasuk
provides information also related to a suggested cause or contributor to the violence – negligent
hiring practices. Numerous suggestions are given throughout the materials researched for the
paper, giving additional thought to the causes of workplace violence. However, Kondrasuk gives
3
weight to not only a passing platitude, but supports the concept of negligent hiring with law and
concurrent tort law claims.
Smith, S. (2002). Workplace violence. Professional Safety, 47(11), 34.
http://proquest.umi.com/pqdlink?did=239545531&Fmt=2&clientId=20655&RQT=3
09&VName=PQD
Smith (2002) gives critical analysis to the topic of workplace violence and highlights how ill
prepared most U.S. companies are when faced with the reality of violence. In the research, she
provides several real world examples of workplace violence, the behavioral backgrounds and
pre-incident behaviors of the employees committing the violent acts. Smith (2002) further
contends that, “employers have both a legal duty and moral obligation to provide a safe
workplace” (p. 39). In addition to this insight the article contributes to the impact, causes and
prevention of workplace violence. The suggestions are pliable to most any organization.
Continue for remaining resources…
INFO 320
RESEARCH PROJECT: OUTLINE ASSIGNMENT INSTRUCTIONS
You will complete a full sentence outline in preparation for the Research Project: Final
Document. The outline must include a thesis statement, the research question(s)/issues being
answered/addressed, how much space will be allotted for each section of the paper, and a
preliminary reference list of at least 5 sources (that are less than 10 years old).
Full Sentence Outline
The full sentence outline format is essentially the same as the alphanumeric outline. The main
difference (as the title suggests) is that full sentences are required at each level of the outline.
This outline is most often used when preparing a traditional essay.
Thesis Statement:
Question(s)/Issues Begin Addressed:
I. Man-made pollution is the primary cause of global warming.
A. Greenhouse gas emissions are widely identified by the scientific community to be
harmful.
1. The burning of coal and fossil fuels are the primary releasers of
hazardous greenhouse gases.
Full sentence outlines are often accompanied with an APA reference list on a separate page.
Quotes within the outline must also utilize current APA format for in-text citations.
Note: Your assignment will be checked for originality via the Turnitin plagiarism tool.
C R P
Research Question or
Issue Addressed 25 to >22.0 pts
Advanced
All research
questions/issues are
addressed/answered.
Captures full scope of
the approach of
research effort.
22 to >17.0 pts
Proficient
Research
questions/issues are
clearly stated.
17 to >0.0 pts
Developing
Research
questions/issues are
stated but need more
depth to improve
clarity.
0 pts
Not
Present
25 pts
Outline 20 to >17.0 pts
Advanced
Sections of the paper
are determined with
estimated space; they
clearly build on focus
stated in thesis
statement.
17 to >13.0 pts
Proficient
Sections are
determined with
estimated space; each
section appears to
build on focus stated in
thesis statement.
13 to >0.0 pts
Developing
Sections of the paper
are determined with
estimated space of
each section. Sections
mostly build on focus
stated in thesis
statement.
0 pts
Not
Present
20 pts
Thesis 18 to >15.0 pts
Advanced
Shows ability to a
create clear and logical
thesis statement; sets
up the focus of the
paper.
15 to >12.0 pts
Proficient
Major points to create
clear, and logical thesis
statement are
inconsistent/somewhat
ambiguous. Unclear
purpose of the paper.
12 to >0.0 pts
Developing
Thesis statement is
present but lacks
clarity, logic and
purpose.
0 pts
Not
Present
18 pts
References/Formatting 17 to >14.0 pts
Advanced
Bibliography of 5 schol
arly/peer-reviewed
sources present,
formatted in current
APA standards.
14 to >11.0 pts
Proficient
Bibliography of 3-4 sch
olarly/peer-reviewed
sources present;
formatted in current
APA standards.
11 to >0.0 pts
Developing
Bibliography of 2-3 sch
olarly/peer-reviewed
sources present;
and/or APA formatting
contains errors.
0 pts
Not
Present
17 pts
Research Project: Outline Grading Rubric | INFO320_B01_202230
C R P
Grammar/ Spelling 10 to >8.0 pts
Advanced
Proper grammar and
spelling used.
Sentences are
complete, clear, and
concise. Paragraphs
contain appropriately
varied sentence
structures.
8 to >6.0 pts
Proficient
Grammar and spelling
have some errors,
sentences structure as
well. Paragraphs
contain some varied
sentence structures.
6 to >0.0 pts
Developing
Spelling and grammar
errors distract from the
content. Sentences are
incomplete or unclear.
Paragraphs are poorly
formed.
0 pts
Not
Present
10 pts
Total Points: 90
Research Project: Outline Grading Rubric | INFO320_B01_202230
Running head: INFO 320 RESEARCH PROJECT 1
INFO 320 Research Project
Your Name
Student Name
Course Number
Date
INFO 320 RESEARCH PROJECT 2
Introduction
Healthcare in the United States is notoriously overpriced, with outcomes that are rarely
predictable. With the advent of technology came the idea that just like other sectors of the
economy, healthcare could utilize data to expand our cognizance of what seemed like
unpredictable outcomes and uncontainable expenses. Researchers have spent more than 2
decades mining data, analyzing them, and striving to understand the way in which data is utilized
for various purposes in healthcare. It is high time to go beyond relying on information that the
literature provides and rather establish a means to utilize the data for foreseeable and executable
purposes, particularly regarding healthcare quality and patient safety. The evidence on whether
health information technology is a useful set of applications, tools, and systems that have brought
in real savings and efficiencies is mixed. Some advantages of incorporating health IT
applications in the delivery of quality and safe health services are like those in the business
sector.
Preventing quality and safety incidents using health information technology (health IT) is an
important goal. Reminders and notifications can help ensure safe and effective therapeutic
decisions by delivering critical information. EHR alerts are a common approach for preventing
potential quality and safety issues during delivering healthcare services. Drug alerts have been
linked to a 22% drop in pharmaceutical prescription errors, while immunization notifications
have resulted in a 12% rise in the wellness of children and a 22% surge in sick-child vaccinations
(Jensen, 2015). Detecting soft stops can reveal important details regarding a possible problem
with patient safety or quality. However, they may present several options, the user must just
acknowledge an alert to proceed.
INFO 320 RESEARCH PROJECT 3
The application of health information technology to detect quality and safety challenges is
known as quality and safety event identification (Kim, Coiera & Magrabi, 2017). Patient
outcomes and healthcare costs are increasingly being pushed together by health insurance
companies. Tiered compensation mechanisms, which reward systems based on how well they
perform, may help alleviate some of this stress. These payers are putting more and more pressure
on providers by refusing to reimburse them for services they deem unneeded or above "standard
care." Finding patients with EHRs in which compensation is less than expected can be done with
the application of health information technology.
The application of health information technology to respond to incidents of quality and safety
that have already occurred is referred to as "quality and safety event response" IT. To put it
another way, quality and safety event response is conducted as a result of an event and has been
documented in the literature. When an occurrence is reported in an article, health information
technology for action is an immediate response, but health information technology for prevention
acts as a preemptive move, preventing an event from occurring.
Thesis Statement
This paper will explore the critical areas in healthcare environment where health IT fiscal and
human resources should be pumped into enhance quality of healthcare services and safety of
patients.
Research Questions
What is the influence of health IT in healthcare quality and patient safety?
Which areas in healthcare environment require application of health IT?
INFO 320 RESEARCH PROJECT 4
Methodology
A systematic approach was used to gather, assess, and synthesize scholarly publications for this
review of the literature. Articles relating to health information technology in quality and patient
safety for scholarly research journals published between 2012 and 2022 were collected through a
three-step procedure. There were 86 articles found in the initial search using keywords of a more
general nature. Additional keywords were extracted from the articles. The second run included
60 unique peer-reviewed articles after reviewing citation and counter-checking duplications.
There were a total of 164 distinct full-text articles after the third pass through the counter-
duplication check and citation evaluation process (Whipple et al., 2013). The extent to which
each publication emphasized the application of information technology in enhancing quality of
healthcare and safety of patients was further evaluated. Research on the real usage of health
Information Technology in quality of service and safety of the patients was required in order to
be evaluated for inclusion. There were 41 studies that met these requirements. Those studies that
contributed to the findings are listed in this paper’s results analysis section.
As a means of categorizing research based on how information technology was employed in
patient safety and healthcare quality, qualitative data analysis was performed. In the document
manager, all papers have been uploaded to a document management system. The three major
predetermined categories of prevention, identification, and action were used in the inductive
thematic analysis. In this way, it was possible to document how health IT was employed in every
situation.
For instance, prevention included any explanations of how information technology is being used
in preventing quality problems or safety concerns that might arise. Similarly, when it comes to
INFO 320 RESEARCH PROJECT 5
identification, any descriptions of how health IT is being used in identifying quality concerns or
safety incidences. Action on the other hand incorporated any description relating to the health IT
acts employed after occurrence of quality concerns or safety incidences. A new category was
developed for content that did not fall into one of the three pre-determined categories. Health IT-
related quality and patient safety concerns were given their own subcategories to better organize
the issues at hand. A new category called "outcomes" was included because several publications
explored the influence of health IT on health outcomes. Finally, a new category was added to
record the study's location or settings.
Analysis of Results
The first examination focused on literature that explored the application of health information
technology in the prevention of quality and patient safety issues. This identified how health
facilities utilized health IT to boost the quality and safety of patients. Alerts, clinical decision
support, implementation, interface design, and bespoke health IT solutions were the most
popular areas of use.
The second examination focused on how health IT can be utilized to identify quality and patient
safety issues before they occur so that the appropriate action can be taken. Alerts, clinical-
decision support, deployment, and tailored health information technology solutions all played a
significant role in this area, however, they were all defined in slightly different ways in the
research that was included. Even though health IT solutions i.e. clinical decision support and
alerts have each been identified in the research studies as having been put in place to pinpoint
possible quality or patient safety issues, there was some discussion about how these solutions'
INFO 320 RESEARCH PROJECT 6
utilization could have been improved by giving those who would be receiving them better
training.
Third, the study examined the literature to understand how health IT may be used to respond to
an incident that has already occurred in terms of quality or safety. As a result of an incident,
these are the activities that have been documented in the literature. Documentation,
implementation, and health IT culture were the most important areas of action (Weiner & Fink,
2017).
It was found that implementation appeared in the preventive, identification, and action stages of
the research process as a result of the study. Throughout the academic literature, implementation
is a problem, and this literature review echoes that. For health information technology to be
widely adopted, a culture of quality and safe health services was commonly cited as a
prerequisite. Culture change initiatives before the introduction of health information technology
systems indicated that health information technology for responding to quality and patient safety
incidents was more positive. Because of this, the study's findings imply that the most important
considerations are in the areas of culture change, implementation, and interface design ("Using
health IT to improve health care and patient safety," 2016).
Discussion
This review of the literature is meant to help practitioners to maximize the use of Health IT in the
healthcare practice. If this research proves accurate, it can help organizations decide where they
can receive the greatest value for their money in terms of quality and patient safety when it
comes to health IT. For quality and patient safety, health IT may be used for warnings and
clinical decision support, which can be used in the planning stages of an organization. Resource
INFO 320 RESEARCH PROJECT 7
allocation is made easier as a result of having access to this data. The approach, for example,
included implementation in each of the three categories. Additionally, it was found that cultural
differences can be a problem. It's no secret to CEOs and other top executives in organizations
that altering the culture can take a long time and a lot of effort. According to the results of this
literature review, it would be a wise use of resources to choose organizational champion leaders
who can guide implementation, influence culture, and serve as a knowledge bridge for
developers.
Conclusion
From the analysis of the study, it is evident that health IT has a robust influence on the quality
and safe health services. Healthcare facilities intending to integrate health IT applications to
improve the safety of patients and delivery of quality services should put top priority on alerts
and reminders, checklists, and clinical decision support tools.
INFO 320 RESEARCH PROJECT 8
References
Jensen, S. (2015). Patient safety and quality of care: How may clinical simulation contribute?
Knowledge Management & E-Learning: An International Journal, 7(3), 412-424.
Kim, M. O., Coiera, E., & Magrabi, F. (2017). Problems with health information technology and
their effects on care delivery and patient outcomes: a systematic review. Journal of the
American Medical Informatics Association, 24(2), 246-250.
Sittig, D. F., Wright, A., Coiera, E., Magrabi, F., Ratwani, R., Bates, D. W., & Singh, H. (2020).
Current challenges in health information technology–related patient safety. Health
informatics journal, 26(1), 181-189.
Using health IT to improve health care and patient safety. (2016). Handbook of Human Factors
and Ergonomics in Health Care and Patient Safety, 334-
351. https://doi.org/10.1201/b11219-28
Weiner, S., & Fink, J. C. (2017). Telemedicine to promote patient safety: Use of phone-based
interactive voice-response system to reduce adverse safety events in pre-dialysis CKD.
Advances in chronic kidney disease, 24(1), 31-38.
Whipple, E. C., E. Dixon, B., & J. McGowan, J. (2013). Linking health information technology
to patient safety and quality outcomes: a bibliometric analysis and review. Informatics for
Health and Social Care, 38(1), 1-14.
I. Introduction
a. The advent of technology has shaded light on importance of health IT in
healthcare facilities
b. Health information technology application in prevention of quality and safety
issues
c. Health information technology application in identifying quality and safety
challenges
d. Health information technology application in responding to quality and safety
issues
II. Thesis statement
a. This paper will explore the critical areas in healthcare environment where health
IT fiscal and human resources should be pumped into enhances quality of
healthcare services and safety of patients.
III. Research questions
a. What is the influence of health IT in healthcare quality and patient safety?
b. Which areas in healthcare environment require application of health IT?
IV. Methodology
a. A systematic approach was used to gather, assess, and synthesize scholarly
publications for this review of the literature
b. The second run included 60 unique peer-reviewed articles after reviewing citation
and counter-checking duplications.
c. As a means of categorizing research based on how information technology was
employed in patient safety and healthcare quality, qualitative data analysis was
performed.
V. Discussion
a. This review of the literature is meant to help practitioners to maximize the use of
Health IT in the healthcare practice.
b. It would be a wise use of resources to choose organizational champion leaders
who can guide implementation, influence culture, and serve as a knowledge
bridge for developers.
VI. Analysis of Results
a. The first examination focused on literature that explored the application of health
information technology in the prevention of quality and patient safety issues
b. The second examination focused on how health IT can be utilized to identify
quality and patient safety issues before they occur so that the appropriate action
can be taken.
c. Third, the study examined the literature to understand how health IT may be used
to respond to an incident that has already occurred in terms of quality or safety
d. Important considerations are in the areas of culture change, implementation, and
interface design
VII. Conclusion
a. Healthcare facilities intending to integrate health IT applications to improve the
safety of patients and delivery of quality services should put top priority on alerts
and reminders, checklists, and clinical decision support tools.
References
Jensen, S. (2015). Patient safety and quality of care: How may clinical simulation contribute?
Knowledge Management & E-Learning: An International Journal, 7(3), 412-424.
Kim, M. O., Coiera, E., & Magrabi, F. (2017). Problems with health information technology and
their effects on care delivery and patient outcomes: a systematic review. Journal of the
American Medical Informatics Association, 24(2), 246-250.
Sittig, D. F., Wright, A., Coiera, E., Magrabi, F., Ratwani, R., Bates, D. W., & Singh, H. (2020).
Current challenges in health information technology–related patient safety. Health
informatics journal, 26(1), 181-189.
Weiner, S., & Fink, J. C. (2017). Telemedicine to promote patient safety: Use of phone-based
interactive voice-response system to reduce adverse safety events in pre-dialysis CKD.
Advances in chronic kidney disease, 24(1), 31-38.
Whipple, E. C., E. Dixon, B., & J. McGowan, J. (2013). Linking health information technology
to patient safety and quality outcomes: a bibliometric analysis and review. Informatics for
Health and Social Care, 38(1), 1-14.
