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Annotated Bibliography
Shean C. Cain
College of Arts and Sciences, Liberty University
INDS 600: Interdisciplinary Research
Dr. C. Roberts
Author Note
Shean C. Cain
I have no known conflict of interest to disclose.
Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Shean C. Cain.
Email: sccain@liberty.edu
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Research Topic
My research study topic is, how can Human Services - Military Resilience and Public
Health help active-duty military service members overcome mental health specifically PTSD and
how can they get the preferred treatment? My two areas of that ill use to look into this study is
Military Resilience human services with public and community health.
Annotate Bibliography
Primary Area of study: Military Resilience – Human Service
(10 scholarly research sources)
Georgescu, M. F., Fischer, I. C., Lowe, S., & Pietrzak, R. H. (2023). Psychological Resilience
in U.S. Military Veterans: Results from the 2019–2020 National Health and Resilience in
Veterans Study. Veterans Study. https://doi.org/DOI: 10.1007/s11126-023-10041-y
Psychiatric quarterly, 2023, Vol.94(3), p.449-466
This article mainly talking about the resiliency of active-duty military members and
veterans who have come across some type of mental health issue. Some of these service
members are lacking the mental health treatment and when separated from the armed forces,
public health does pick up where armed forces medical services have left off. The authors
research and spoke of different ways that can help improve resiliency with services members that
can transfer over into their civilian lives after the service. Programs are built for soldiers in these
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situations by how far does medical goes into mental health. This isn’t a one-time sit down but
deep interventions. In the article, it shows some sort of disconnect between the armed forces
health (military) and service members on their mental health statuses.
The discipline of military resilience is discussed and different group and organizations
that are a part of the military medical community and healthcare. The Insights and theory are
that, if a great and helpful program is created for military service member and their mental
health, then this will definitely a great prevention to overdose, suicide, and other mental issues.
Will this program be beneficial to all service members? No. It will not because some members
suffer from way more trauma. As a service member, many programs in the pass that were put in
place have previously cut short and or lack financial support to carry out the care needed.
McGarry, R., Walklate, S., & Mythen, G. (2019). Armed Forces & Society. A Sociological
Analysis of Military Resilience: Opening Up the Debate, Revised 2019.
https://doi.org/https://www.jstor.org/stable/48609192
This article is focusing on military resilience and the analytics on their mental health
issues, behaviors, and work-related issues. This article also focuses on the public health in
military community which from a sociological perspective. Reading through the article it seemed
to have some findings that can factor in practicing resilience in order to combat mental health
and PTSD. The purpose of this study is to find out how sociological analysis can help in military
resilience and the structure in which it can be prepared for military personal. The disciplines that
are represented is health and resilience in an analytic way and will provide steps for how we can
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help in human service to serve our service members. Insights gain is from the social support
within the armed forces. These insights are consisting of mentorship programs as well as
networking to help navigate what service members are challenged with each and every day.
Doody, C. B., Robertson, L., Cox, K. M., Bogue, J., Egan, J., & Sarma, K. M. (2021). Pre‐
deployment programmes for building resilience in military and frontline emergency
service personnel. Military. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD013242.pub2
Pre-deployment programs are a great way to build an everlasting bond with service
members and their families before a service is deployed. The purpose of this study is to see how
much it helps service members push through and face their issues. Being resilient while away in
combat zone and situations are very difficult for a member while thinking about his or her family
at home. The method of research is to study this article to show ways how military resilience can
affect the member and how it plays out on his or her health.
The disciplines that are presented is human service – military resilience and healthcare.
The insights gained is that fostering a toughness while having the ability to function by showing
problem solving skills while being in high pressure situations. A discipline theory that was stated
which explained how human behavior is stimulated and can be for the best or worse. This topic
supports the research topic in a way where it can show resilience in adversity and the use of
some sort of health care program to stay focus at the job at hand.
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Ogilvie, L., & Manser, L. (2022). Supporting Resilience in Military Families – from Research
to Practice. Military. https://doi.org/10.1080/21635781.2022.2098882
The purpose of this study is to find out what can a support system do for military and
their families. Research methods and the results are based around the article which has
supporting details to show that programs can help families that are attached to military members.
The discipline represented in this article is human services - military resilience and the insights
gained is that families can benefit from programs installed by the military. This also can include
providing counseling to help navigate through family struggles and the unique military
challenges of life. This study provides support in form of promoting communication, coping
strategies and community support which will foster a strong bond. In addition, the article will
show the integration of health and how that will play a part in the care of families while service
member is not present. Military families are as important as the service member and can help in
the soothing of a mentally ill combat soldier.
Overstreet, C., & Pietrzak, R. H. (2022). Paradoxical age-related improvement in mental
health in U.S. Military veterans: Results from the national health and resilience in
veterans’ study. Military. https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.5804
The improvement of mental in the military is overdue. The stigma of mental is real and
service members tend to hold the struth in rather than to look weak Infront their pairs. The
motive of this study is to dive deeper into paradoxical age-related improvement in mental health.
This is related to all the young and middle age active-duty members and vets. This study is to
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explore reasons why active service members and vets do experience a decline in their mental
health status and the symptoms as they get older. The research method is to study the
employment longitudinal design that will show real time and accurate numbers on mental health
outcomes using phycological assessments given by military medical and public health. In
addition, researchers conduct quality questioners with service members and vets to gain further
insights into veterans' experiences and the coping strategies they used in times like this.
The results will reveal those older veterans after the service most often experienced lower
levels of depression, PTSD, anxiety, and some sort of mental health breakdown. Some factors
like resilience, coping mechanisms, and the enhancement of social support. The disciplines
represented is Health, Resilience, psychology, and sociology. The insights gained is to study the
importance of military resilience, coping, and social support in promoting mental health. The
theories discussed is referred to resilience and support theory that explain age related and
improvement of health among service members and vets. The support role is to supports
resilience and mental health among service members and the alignment of building support in the
military and their families.
El-Gabalawy, R., Blaney, C., Tsai, J., Sumner, J. A., & Pietrzak, R. H. (2018). Physical health
conditions associated with full and subthreshold PTSD in U.S. Military veterans: Results
from the National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study. PTSD.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.11.058
PTSD is a crisis that has been the Achilles heels for the armed forces. The purpose is to examine
the physical and health condition that is associated with PTSD among the armed forces vets and
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active service members. The research methods were utilized as an integrated design to collect
medical data and self-report measures of PTSD and the health conditions that are associated. The
results indicated are as follow, veterans with a threshold of mental health-PTSD will experience
chronic and cardi issues than those without mental health issues-PTSD. The disciplines
represented here is internal medicine and health care. The insights gained has highlighted the
mental, physical aspects which shows the importance of highlighting PTSD and how to improve
the well-being among armed service members. The theories discussed are of stress loads the
physiological impact that mental health and physical health especially and specifically of PTSD.
In support of the research topic, the care of addressing mental health and physical health is top
priority. A supporting detailed approach for the care and wellbeing for the military and civilian
lives for veterans is important for long term life.
Fischer, I. C., Feldman, D. B., Tsai, J., Harpaz-Rotem, I., McCutcheon, V. E., Schulenberg, S.
E., & Pietrzak, R. H. (2023). Purpose in life and physical health in older U.S. Military
veterans: Cross-sectional results from the National Health and Resilience in Veterans
Study. PTSD - Veterans. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2023.107495
The purpose of life is to fulfil God’s will and in human services and military resilience as
its examining the relationship of both military service and the physical outcomes of active-duty
service members and the U.S. armed force veterans. In the study, the research used is a
multisectoral analysis that was used to determine the health assessment given to U.S. Armed
forces. This was done utilizing surveys across all branches of the military and veterans. Of the
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results of this study, it showed that more older veterans have reported negative and positive
effects on the impact that the military left on their lives over a period of time. The negative
report was on a higher scale due to the effects of brain injuries and PTSD.
With the experience of resilience, it has improved over the years and more soldiers have
been getting help. As I read the article, I believe the disciplines of Human services – Military
resilience, public health and psychology was represented. Throughout the article, insights that
were gained are the long-term effects of military service and what each service member had to
endure over a lifetime serving and putting their physical health in jeopardy. The disciplinary
theories discussed throughout the article is the ability to live long and the theory of resilience on
understanding service members experiences. The support of this research topic entails the
exploration of military resilience and health outcomes for service members.
Nichter, B., Hill, M., Norman, S., Haller, M., & Pietrzak, R. H. (2020). Mental health
treatment utilization among U.S. Military veterans with suicidal ideation: Results from
the National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study. Treatment for PTSD.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.07.004
The treatment for mental health is not that simple and to find resilience through rough
times takes a lot of determination. The purpose of this study is to examine mental and suicidal
ideation among service members and veterans and the treatment of PTSD. In this study, the
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research method consists of analyzing information from the national health organization and
resilience of service members and clinical assessments performed. This revealed the results of
veterans having ideation and committing suicide all because of limited access to PTSD
treatment. Due to these actions carried out, disciplines that can be identified here is public health,
psychology, and military resilience.
The insights gathered were that facilitators put up barriers for mental health treatment and
the helping of soldiers to cut down suicide among both active members and veterans weren’t
met. The disciplinary theories discussed were treatment for PTSD and the barriers put up for
care. The study supports the exploration of mental health-PTSD treatment and the utilization
among service members and veterans and if the treatment was successful in its outcomes.
Tsai Ph.D., J., Sippel Ph.D., L. M., Mota Ph.D., N., Southwick M.D., S. M., & Pietrzak Ph.D.,
M.P.H., R. H. (2015). LONGITUDINAL COURSE OF POSTTRAUMATIC GROWTH
AMONG U.S. MILITARY VETERANS: RESULTS FROM THE NATIONAL HEALTH AND
RESILIENCE IN VETERANS STUDY. PTSD Growth. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22371
During the read of this article, Tsai el al. spoke on the long-term effect of PTSD. The
purpose is to gain knowledge of posttraumatic growth in the Armed forces, the experiences of
trauma, and how resilience contribute to personal growth. The method is to tract the growth
among armed forces member to see what can help and what’s not helping. The results revealed
many armed forces members experience trauma and has been increasing by the numbers each
year. Disciplines that represented itself is psychology and resilience (Human services). The more
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I read the more insights I gained which is the potential growth of PTSD in the years to come and
across the healthcare sector. Overall, the theories of posttraumatic growth, military resilience,
and of course life development where presented which supports more positive outcomes in the
armed forces across all the different branches and veterans.
Tsai Ph.D., J., Stiltner, B., Fischer, I. C., Duek, O., Polimanti, R., Harpaz-Rotem, I., & Pietrzak,
R. H. (2024). Functional correlates of a novel 8-factor model of PTSD in U.S. Military
veterans: Results from the National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study. PTSD.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.01.017
In this article, the study is done to see what correlates of the novel 8-factors and
posttraumatic events in U.S. armed forces and how looking into different options can declutter
this epidemic. The research method used is to collect as much data to come up with a more
meaningful result so helping patients can be better suit full. As a result of this, posttraumatic
events from the 8-factor model were associated with impairments in many different areas and
aspects on a day to day functioning among armed forces members and veterans. Reading through
this article, a few different disciplines stood out and they were psychology and human services
military resilience.
Disciplinary insights are the relationship between posttraumatic events and the function
of service members and vets being limited. The theories found in this reading are related to ptsd,
functional impairment and the different assessment done to cover this event. The study supports
the deeper finding of how the brain work, operates with traumatic events happened and how it
relates to life moving forward.
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Secondary Area of study: Public and Community Health
(5 scholarly research sources)
Acosta, J. D., Ashwood, S. J., Schell, T. L., & Cerully, J. L. (2019). With Small Power, Comes
Great Responsibility: Lessons Learned from an Evaluation of Veteran and Military
Mental Health Public Awareness Campaigns. Scholarly Journal, Vol. 55(Iss.8).
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-019-00419-3
The authors in this article made some great points in the discovery of small things that are
powerful came more responsibility. This article was aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the
armed forces medical evaluation of service members, armed forces mental health and public
awareness and the campaigns run to impact more research to help the behaviors of mental health.
During this research, the methods used were a combination of different styles using surveys and
different health groups coming to gather to influence change.
Results of this study showed that with campaigns brings increased awareness to mental
health and gaps were filled during these campaigns due to promoting. Doing this is more stability
years to come. In this research, the disciplines that presented itself is public and community
health and communication studies. With those disciplines mentioned, the insights gained are
designed to bring awareness to campaigns to can be a help to military personnel and vets in the
civilian world. The study also discussed theories of healthcare, health communication and what
public awareness and campaigns can do to bring more attention in serving services members.
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LaCroix, J. M., Walsh, A., Baggett, M. A., & Carter, K. M. (2021). Three department of
defense-funded public health approaches to reduce military suicide. The Suicide Care,
Prevention, and Research Initiative (Suicide CPR Initiative).
https://doi.org/10.1111/sltb.12709
This article serves the purpose of evaluate the three department of defense-funded public
health approaches under the suicide care to reduce the casualties and armed forces suicide rates.
A review was done, and methods were used to analyzing data from different approaches used to
access outcomes. The results of the study revealed success across the three different approaches
used and there are promising in the reducing of suicides among active-duty service members.
The disciplines represented here in this article are public health and Military resilience
with the insights of a multifaceted strategies that are needed to address the armed forces suicidal
rate and form a prevention strategy to cut the rate down. While reading the article, the study of
the theories discussed are suicide prevention and how public health can help in preventing the
daily suicide rates as it is getting higher by the year. The support of this topic is to explore more
suicide prevention strategies in the armed forces and make sure mental health is a priority for
better outcome and lives being saved.
Acosta, J. D., Ashwood, S. J., Schell, T. L., & Cerully, J. L. (2019). With Small Power, Comes
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Great Responsibility: Lessons Learned from an Evaluation of Veteran and Military
Mental Health Public Awareness Campaigns. Scholar Journal.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-019-00419-3
This article does spark lessons on the health of military members and also public health.
Sparking an interest in this study, this aimed towards revealing physical health outcomes for
military members and vets. Conducting a public health screening, it shows results that more vets
have suffered from PTSD and its overwhelming to the public sector. The job isn’t thoroughly
done by the armed forces medical, and the weight is left on public health once service members
are welcomed back in civilian world and lifestyle. Public health was a discipline representing in
this research and the study provided some insights to serve as a long-term effect to make mental
health a priority. Throughout the article, the support of resilience will show a drastic drop in
suicidal rates in the military.
Hruby, A., Reberman, H. R., & Smith, T. J. (2018). Self-reported health behaviors, including
sleep, correlate with doctor-informed medical conditions: Data from the 2011 Health
Related Behaviors Survey of U.S. Active-Duty Military Personnel. NIH.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-5781-2
The article “Self-reported health behaviors, including sleep, correlate with doctor-
informed medical conditions” presented some good arguments on self-reporting so help can be
received for medical condition a service member maybe going through. The purpose of the study
is to investigate the relationship between self-reporting oneself and a medical informed
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condition. The research methos used here was to accomplished a cross sectional evolution to
collect data on health behaviors among service members and civilians to identify medical
conditions. This results in a significant correlation by both self-reported health concerns and
behaviors and a diagnosis of medical condition mentioned by a physician. Reading through this,
I can identify that public health and medicine were the disciplines represented in the article.
The insights gained through reading this was the relationship of health behaviors and
medical conditions that are accurately report. The theories that present itself were health
behaviors, the correlations of the mind, body soul and the bias issues dealing with self-reporting.
To support the research topic, the exploration of health behaviors, and the holistic approach that
have to be taken to be healthy.
DeVoe, E. R., Dondanville, K. A., Blankenship, A., & Hummel, V. M. (2018). PTSD
Intervention with Military Service Member Parents: A Call for Relational Approaches.
Best Practices in Mental Health. https://doi.org/https://www.proquest.com/docview
Being diagnose with PTSD is not the end of the road. They’re different ways to combat
PTDS and that’s using different intervention skills and methods. The purpose of this study is
exploring the intervention skills and strategies that both military and civilian health care can
provide. The research methods can provide the best practices in the healthcare field for mental
health intervention that is tailored to serve active-duty members, vets, and civilians all equally.
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This would result in the effectiveness of interventions used, the improvement of mental
health, the outcome of those interventions and to build a stronger military and civilian healthcare.
In the study, that discipline of social work presented itself but limited to resilience and public
healthcare. Insights drawn were unique to the challenges faced by civilians, military, and
veterans. Family members do face these challenges also and the support for their mental health is
also needed. Theories drawn is of a family system that’s needed, therapy, and also to be properly
informed about what’s going on mentally to received care.
