Annotated Bibliography Assignment: Understanding the Mental Health Stigmas on
Veterans with PTSD Seeking Mental Health Treatment
Wilson Mcknight
Liberty University
INDS600
Dr. Roberts
September 17th, 2023
Annotated Bibliography Assignment: Understanding the Mental Health Stigmas on
Veterans with PTSD Seeking Mental Health Treatment
The purpose of this interdisciplinary research is to understand the role of mental health
stigmas on veterans with PTSD seeking mental health treatment. The disciplines represented in
this study are psychology and crisis counseling.
References
Botero, G., Rivera, N. I., Calloway, S. C., Ortiz, P. L., Edwards, E., Chae, J., & Geraci, J. C.
(2020). A lifeline in the dark: Breaking through the stigma of veteran mental health and
treating america's combat veterans. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 76(5), 831-840.
https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.22918 (Psychology)
In this article, Botero et al. (2020) identify common causes of veterans’ hesitancy to
mental health treatment, intending to combat the negative stigma around mental health treatment
by offering information to mental health professionals to understand veterans better when they
seek treatment. Botero et al. (2020) have thoroughly reviewed two nationwide veteran programs,
the Readjustment Counseling Service/Vet Center and Veteran Cultural Competence Training. In
this article, the author concludes that researchers and clinicians have made multiple successful
efforts to develop treatments to support veterans who have PTSD and are returning from combat.
As a result of this work, The US Department of Veterans Affairs is now the world leader in
treating PTSD in veterans (Botero et al., 2020). This article is useful for understanding the
mental health stigmas on veterans with PTSD seeking mental health treatment because it
provides insight into the multitude of resources available to veterans who have PTSD.
Drapalski, A. L., Aakre, J., Brown, C. H., Romero, E., & Lucksted, A. (2021). The ending Self‐
Stigma for posttraumatic stress disorder (ESS‐P) program: Results of a pilot randomized
trial. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 34(1), 69-80. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.22593 (Crisis
Counseling)
In this article, Drapalski et al. (2021) sought to test the feasibility and acceptability of the
ESS-P intervention. The Ending Self-Stigma for PTSD (ESS-P) intervention is the end result of a
previous intervention tool and addresses concerns about stigma common among veterans with
PTSD. Drapalski et al. (2020) recruited participants from outpatient trauma and mental health
clinics identified through clinician referrals, recruitment flyers, program presentations, and group
meetings. The author concluded that the participants found the ESS-P useful as it made them
more aware of real-life situations and the tools they could use to navigate them. The discipline
present in this article is crisis counseling, as PTSD can lend itself to crises if not addressed. In
particular, this article would assist with understanding the various intervention tools readily
available to support veterans, their mental health, and the treatments available.
Edwards, E. R., Goldsmith, M. M., Tran, H., N., Bulanchuk, N. K., Epshteyn, G., Wrobleski, J.,
May, D. G., Snyder, S., Lee, A. S., Schofield, K. F., Gorman, D., Dichiara, A., & Geraci,
J. C. (2022). Supporting the nation’s transitioning veterans: Narrative review of practices
and recommendations for psychotherapy and counseling of veterans separating from
military service. Psychological Services, https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000701 (Crisis
Counseling)
In this article, Edwards et al. (2022) conduct a narrative review that provides an overview
of the literature and concrete and practical recommendations on supporting veterans'
psychotherapy and counseling transitioning from the military to civilian life. The author aims to
challenge the limited empirically based research on transitioning veterans and the lack of
evidence-based psychotherapies to support these individuals. Edwards conducted a thorough
narrative review of the existing literature using various forms of search engines, including
Google Scholar and PubMed. In the article, Edwards et al. (2022) share various engagement
strategies for transitioning veterans that reflect the practitioner's clinical style. Additionally, the
results discussed considering contexts that inform treatment, planning, and services, such as
community-based services, that support transitioning veterans. The discipline represented in the
study is counseling and focuses on the practices of mental health professionals with transitioning
veterans. The study relates to the proposed research topic of understanding the mental health
stigmas on veterans with PTSD seeking mental health treatment because, for many veterans,
seeking mental health support begins after they transition from military service to civilian life.
Goode, J., & Swift, J. K. (2019). An empirical examination of stigma toward mental health
problems and psychotherapy use in veterans and active duty service members. Military
Psychology, 31(4), 335-345. https://doi.org/10.1080/08995605.2019.1630231
(Psychology)
This study sought to understand better mental health stigmas and veterans in active-duty
service members. Researchers used an experimental design and recruited one hundred sixty-five
service members to read vignettes describing veterans who may have experienced a mental
health problem and did or did not receive mental health treatment. Results from the study
indicated that participants who read the vignettes of veterans experiencing mental health
problems had more stigmatizing attitudes than those who sought psychotherapy. The discipline
represented in this study is psychology, in trying to understand the stigmatizing attitudes held by
veterans and active service members regarding mental health problems. This article is useful for
the research topic because it aligns exactly with the proposed topic of understanding the mental
health stigmas on veterans with PTSD seeking mental health treatment.
Hirono, T. (2019). Preventing soldiers' and veterans' suicide by pastoral counseling and mental
health treatment. The Journal of Pastoral Care & Counseling, 73(3), 176-182.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1542305019872433 (Crisis Counseling)
Inoue, C., Shawler, E., Jordan, C. H., Moore, M. J., & Jackson, C. A. (2023). Veteran and
Military Mental Health Issues. In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. (Psychology)
Karras, E., Stokes, C. M., Warfield, S. C., & Bossarte, R. M. (2022). Designing mental health
promotion campaigns: Segmenting U.S. veteran audiences to address public stigma.
Journal of Mental Health (Abingdon, England), ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print), 1-7.
https://doi.org/10.1080/09638237.2022.2069712 (Psychology)
In
Lake, K. N., Ferber, L., Kilby, D. J., Mourtada, H., Pushpanadh, S., & Verdeli, H. (2022).
Qualitative study examining perceived stigma and barriers to mental health care among
student veterans. Journal of Veterans Studies, 8(3), 239-252.
https://doi.org/10.21061/jvs.v8i3.379 (Psychology)
Ma, K. K. Y., Anderson, J. K., & Burn, A. (2023). Review: School‐based interventions to
improve mental health literacy and reduce mental health stigma – a systematic review.
Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 28(2), 230-240. https://doi.org/10.1111/camh.1254
(Psychology)
McGuffin, J. J., Riggs, S. A., Raiche, E. M., & Romero, D. H. (2021). Military and veteran help-
seeking behaviors: Role of mental health stigma and leadership. Military Psychology,
33(5), 332-340. https://doi.org/10.1080/08995605.2021.1962181(Psychology)
Morris, P. A., Carpenter, D., Agbonlahor, O., & Rodriguez, F. (2022). Examining mental health
stigma in a first-year seminar for student veterans. Journal of American College Health,
70(8), 1-2252. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2020.1851231 (Psychology)
Morse, C. (2020). Training for a new environment: Using military operational concepts in
counseling veterans. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 76(5), 841-851.
https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.22919 (Crisis Counseling)
Roscoe, R. A. (2021). The battle against mental health stigma: Examining how veterans with
PTSD communicatively manage stigma. Health Communication, 36(11), 1378-1387.
https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2020.1754587 (Psychology)
Seidman, A. J., Wade, N. G., Lannin, D. G., Heath, P. J., Brenner, R. E., & Vogel, D. L. (2018).
Self-affirming values to increase student veterans' intentions to seek counseling. Journal
of Counseling Psychology, 65(5), 653-660. https://doi.org/10.1037/cou0000289 (Crisis
Counseling)
Williston, S. K., Bramande, E. A., Vogt, D. S., Iverson, K. M., & Fox, A. B. (2020). An
examination of the roles of mental health literacy, treatment-seeking stigma, and
perceived need for care in female veterans’ service use. Psychiatric Services
(Washington, D.C.), 71(2), 144-150. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.201800405
(Psychology)
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