3/29/2021 Quiz: Foundations, Infancy to Early Childhood: HSCO502: Human Growth and Development (D04)
https://libertyuniversity.instructure.com/courses/107883/quizzes/490808 1/17
Skip to Main Content
Quiz: Foundations, Infancy to Early Childhood
Due Apr 4 at 11:59pm Points 100 Questions 50 Time Limit 150 Minutes
Allowed Attempts Unlimited
Instructions
Attempt History
Attempt Time Score
LATEST Attempt 1 124 minutes 94 out of 100
Correct answers are hidden.
Score for this attempt: 94 out of 100
Submitted Mar 29 at 4:19pm
This attempt took 124 minutes.
The quiz:
Covers the Textbookmaterial from Module 1: Week 1 — Module 2: Week 2.
Contains 50multiple-choice questions.
Islimitedto 150 minutes.
Allows unlimited attempts and the highest attempt will count towards the grade.
Is worth 100 points.
Submit this assignment by 11:59 p.m. (ET) on Sunday of Module 2: Week 2.
TAKE THE QUIZ AGAIN
2 / 2 pts
Question 1
Video response. Review the video on page 139 of your book. From the 3 statements, select which one(s) are
correct.
Statement 1: Children typically protest when separated from their primary caregivers
Statement 2: Cultural factors can inuence children’s response to strangers, and the existence of separation
anxiety.
Statement 3: Only children who live in orphanages have a lower anxiety response.
Statement 1 is correct.
Statement 1 & 2 are correct
Statement 2 is correct
Statement 3 is correct.
2 / 2 pts
Question 2
Online
Residential
Athletics
Alumni
Pa
ylubeta
hapters (
alumni-
mni Ref
umni/alu
ty.edu/s
/learn.li
iberty.e
canvas.l
erty.edu
rse Reg
/course
email.li
Finay.edu/fc
s Pass (h
/index.
s://www.li
ex.cfm?
ITy.edu/it
mp ForwaSO/jum
w.libert
Masy.edu/ad
s://my-
ses.liber
w.libert
//liberty
om/)
dex cfm
Searc
Randy Westover
3/29/2021 Quiz: Foundations, Infancy to Early Childhood: HSCO502: Human Growth and Development (D04)
https://libertyuniversity.instructure.com/courses/107883/quizzes/490808 2/17
In Bowlby’s attachment theory, which of the following represents a primary outcome of the formation of
attachments in infancy?
A working model of self, of others, and of relationships.
Basic trust in others, but not a sense of self or of relationships.
A sense of the power structure of a family.
A belief in God.
2 / 2 pts
Question 3
The adult attachment inventory (AAI) is used to assess the quality of attachment that parent have
established with their own infants. Which statement is INCORRECT regarding the nds of Main and her
colleagues:
Secure-autonomous parents have coherent positive reection, can talk openly about early experiences, and
have faith in the power of relationships.
Pre-occupied-entangled parents often still struggle to please, are passive, and their infant’s attachment style
to them is ambivalent.
Parents with an unresolved-disorganized pattern, tend to have infants with an anxious-ambivalent
attachment style in stranger situation tests.
Parents whose concepts of relationship are coherent and who have come to terms with past relationships,
behave consistently with their infants and foster a secure attachment.
2 / 2 pts
Question 4
Jacinta, the mother of a 10-month-old baby boy, is concerned about her son’s increasing fussiness
when she leaves him with his babysitter each morning. Which explanation of his behavior is most likely
to be accurate?
He is showing separation distress because his recognition memory is improving during this period.
He is showing separation distress because his has an insecure attachment.
He is showing lack of habituation to his caregiver which suggests the need to seek out a new babysitter.
He is showing increased willfulness suggesting the need for greater discipline from his parents
ylubeta
hapters (
alumni-
mni Ref
umni/alu
ty.edu/s
/learn.li
iberty.e
canvas.l
erty.edu
rse Reg
/course
email.li
Finay.edu/fc
s Pass (h
/index.
s://www.li
ex.cfm?
ITy.edu/it
mp ForwaSO/jum
w.libert
Masy.edu/ad
s://my-
ses.liber
w.libert
//liberty
om/)
dex cfm
Searc
3/29/2021 Quiz: Foundations, Infancy to Early Childhood: HSCO502: Human Growth and Development (D04)
https://libertyuniversity.instructure.com/courses/107883/quizzes/490808 3/17
2 / 2 pts
Question 5
Infants form multiple attachments, to both mother and father and perhaps to a sibling, grandparent, and
so on. Which of the following statements is most consistent with available data on the impact of these
attachments?
The primary attachment (usually with the mother) is the only one that is predictive of later development.
The good effects of a secure attachment with one parent are canceled by the bad effects of an insecure
attachment with the other parent.
More than one secure attachment adds value, serving as a further protective factor.
No data are available.
2 / 2 pts
Question 6
For most mental illnesses and behavioral disorders, like alcoholism and clinical depression, the genetic
contribution can best be described as
the result of a pair of recessive, defective genes.
the result of a dominant, defective gene.
the result of a single gene mutation.
polygenic.
2 / 2 pts
Question 7
Contemporary developmentalists focus on which question concerning nature and nurture?
Is nature the most important determinant of developmental change?
Is nurture the most important determinant of developmental change?
How do we explain the mechanisms by which nature and nurture interact to affect development?
Why is nurture most inuential at certain developmental periods?
2 / 2 pts
Question 8
Which statement is NOT a contribution from Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory:
3/29/2021 Quiz: Foundations, Infancy to Early Childhood: HSCO502: Human Growth and Development (D04)
https://libertyuniversity.instructure.com/courses/107883/quizzes/490808 4/17
There are cogntivie differences among individuals who are raised in different cultures.
Advanced thinkers, provide novice learners with scaffolding that enable them to reach higher levels of
thinking.
Private speech transfom to inner speech which is a type of internal dialgoue that facilitates thinking.
Adult scaffolding affects executive fundctiona by minimalizing a child’s ability to use private speech to solve
problems.
2 / 2 pts
Question 9
Which of the following statements is true about the effects of teratogens on the developing fetus?
Any given teratogen usually has the same effect regardless of when in prenatal development exposure
occurs.
The kind of damage done depends on the stage of development during exposure.
A teratogen will usually have the same effect regardless of how much exposure the fetus has to that
teratogen.
Ancient Greeks believed in teratogens, but modern science has been unable to identify any.
2 / 2 pts
Question 10
In considering the major structures of the brain, which of these statements is FALSE.
the medulla, pons and cerebelloum are all part of the hindbrain network.
The midbrain is the relay station and the forebrain controls complex thoughts, motives and emotions.
The limbic system is constructed of the activities located in the midbrain area, that impact complex thought
processes.
The pituitary gland regulates the endocrine systems.
2 / 2 pts
Question 11
Which of the following statements is NOT indicative of intergenerational transmission:
3/29/2021 Quiz: Foundations, Infancy to Early Childhood: HSCO502: Human Growth and Development (D04)
https://libertyuniversity.instructure.com/courses/107883/quizzes/490808 5/17
Adults whose caregivers were neglectful and abusive do not have strategies for managing children’s
emotions or behavior from competent models.
Intergenerational transmission is less likely for mothers with strong dissociative tendencies.
Maltreated children become maltreating parents, they pass on their insecure attachment
styles.
A good martial relationship can modify adult attachment status and help an individual integrate early
negative experiences into a coherent self-view.
2 / 2 pts
Question 12
In lifespan developmental theories, signicant developmental changes are thought to be largely
complete by
the age of 18.
the age of 30.
the age of 50.
Death.
2 / 2 pts
Question 13
The measure of social status that combines aspects of education background, income, and occupation
is called
socioeconomic status.
social standing.
social class.
economic class.
2 / 2 pts
Question 14
Which of the following statements is most accurate with regard to Piaget’s theory?
Piaget rmly believed that children who were at a particular stage of cognitive development had the same
level of understanding in all areas, such as understanding causality, morality, agency, etc.
3/29/2021 Quiz: Foundations, Infancy to Early Childhood: HSCO502: Human Growth and Development (D04)
https://libertyuniversity.instructure.com/courses/107883/quizzes/490808 6/17
Piaget believed that children’s progress through the stages could vary. For example, very intelligent children
could skip a stage.
Piaget believed in the dynamic quality of stages and understood that children in the same stage could vary
greatly in their specic understanding of causality, morality, and so forth.
Piaget believed that children could vary in their understanding of morality but that their understanding of
causality was the same for all children within a particular stage.
0 / 2 pts
Question 15
Incorrect
Incorrect
Video response. Review the video on , page 14 of your book; from the 3 statements select which one(s)
are correct.
Statement 1. The teach illustrates social learning theory by modeling the process she would use to
study the lesson and presents it to the group.
Statement 2. In order for modeling to be effective, there must be a reward attached to motivate a child
to repeat the behavior.
Statement 3. The video suggests that modeling experiences could have been improved if the teacher
would have worked one to one with each student opposed to having them observe this exercise as a
group.
Statement 2 and 3 are correct
Statement 1 is correct
Statement 2 is correct
Statement 3 is correct
2 / 2 pts
Question 16
Myelinization is the process which involves
neurons migrating to the temporal lobes.
separating the left and right hemispheres of the cortex.
coating the axon with a fatty sheath that improves conduction of electrical impulses.
development of the nuclei of the brain.
2 / 2 pts
Question 17
Which statement regarding the understanding of objects, in infancy is FALSE?
3/29/2021 Quiz: Foundations, Infancy to Early Childhood: HSCO502: Human Growth and Development (D04)
https://libertyuniversity.instructure.com/courses/107883/quizzes/490808 7/17
Object permanence underlies a baby’s ability to form an attachment to a specic adult, like a parent or other
caregiver
Infants younger than 8 months old, typically fail to search for objects that go out of sight.
The development of one sensory system does not inuence the development of other systems.
A child must have a mental representation of the object in order to keep it in mind, when it is not present.
2 / 2 pts
Question 18
Theories of development differ from opinion primarily because:
they provide a complete picture of development.
they have been proven to be true.
they are based on scientic research.
they are more abstract than opinions.
2 / 2 pts
Question 19
Which statement about cross-cultural inuence on infant attachment is TRUE:
In cross-cultural studies, insecure attachment styles are the most prevalent.
The tenets of attachment theory are not universal.
Attachment theories contribution of relationship quality is only applicable to western cutlures.
In strange-situation-tests across cultures, a secure base is indicated by distress when she is separated and
comfort when she returns.
2 / 2 pts
Question 20
Ms. Dawson recently gave birth to twins, a girl and a boy. Which of the following
statements about them must be true?
They share 100 per cent of their genes.
They are monozygotic.
They are dizygotic.
3/29/2021 Quiz: Foundations, Infancy to Early Childhood: HSCO502: Human Growth and Development (D04)
https://libertyuniversity.instructure.com/courses/107883/quizzes/490808 8/17
They originated from a single zygote.
2 / 2 pts
Question 21
Recessive, defective gene alleles can cause hereditary disorders. It is estimated that most people carry
____________ recessive, defective alleles in their genotypes.
zero
three to ve
hundreds of
thousands of
2 / 2 pts
Question 22
Developmentalists study what infants and children understand about other people’s intentions, desires,
beliefs, feelings, and so on. This eld of study is referred to as
Psychosocial theory.
Theory of mind.
Theory of evolution.
Theory of emotion.
2 / 2 pts
Question 23
At 10 months old, Suzie is very active, responds intensely to stimulation, avoids new stimulation, and
tends to be irritable and fussy. Her temperament would be called
Dicult.
Easy.
Slow-to-warm up.
Resilient.
0 / 2 pts
Question 24
Incorrect
Incorrect
3/29/2021 Quiz: Foundations, Infancy to Early Childhood: HSCO502: Human Growth and Development (D04)
https://libertyuniversity.instructure.com/courses/107883/quizzes/490808 9/17
Video response. Review the video on, page 81 of your book.
True or false: The students demonstrate three processes of understanding: adaption, assimilation and accommodation
related to their knowledge of tadpole development and the new information provided by the teacher about their growth.
True
False
2 / 2 pts
Question 25
Which of the following is a true statement about the stability of infant attachments?
Secure attachments are more likely to change than insecure attachments.
If attachments fail to form by the end of infancy they will never successfully form.
Changes in family stressors that lead to changes in caregiving quality can lead to shifts in attachment
quality.
Caregiver interventions cannot change infant attachment quality.
2 / 2 pts
Question 26
One important lesson that people in helping professional can take from Piaget’s and Vygotsky’s work is
that
Children must be expected to make independent progress, and not to be supported by adults in every task.
Understanding how young clients think can help in structuring interventions that build effectively on existing
knowledge and meanings.
Stages of cognitive development proceed regularly, and are not altered by individual experiences.
Language learning is not necessary for children to make progress in problem solving.
0 / 2 pts
Question 27
Incorrect
Incorrect
Developmental researchers use the term “goodness of t” to refer to
The match between the mother’s and baby’s blood type.
3/29/2021 Quiz: Foundations, Infancy to Early Childhood: HSCO502: Human Growth and Development (D04)
https://libertyuniversity.instructure.com/courses/107883/quizzes/490808 10/17
The similarity of the genotype of the mother and the genotype of the father.
The match between the caregiver’s responses to a child and the child’s temperament.
The tendency of the caregiver to coordinate eye contact and vocalization with a baby.
2 / 2 pts
Question 28
Stage theories of development typically describe ____________ changes in behavior, cognition, or social
relationships.
quantitative
incremental
qualitative
cumulative
2 / 2 pts
Question 29
High levels of the hormone oxytocin plays an important role in early social bonding by
Lowering infant dopamine levels.
Promoting physical closeness and reducing maternal stress.
Increasing infant stress responsivity.
Regulating infant’s uneven hormonal and behavioral states
2 / 2 pts
Question 30
In Bronfenbrenner’s model, proximal processes refer to
independent changes in mental processes.
favorable developmental conditions that are more likely to exist in one particular stage of development than
in another.
reciprocal interactions between an organism and its immediate environment.
indirect inuences on an organism.
3/29/2021 Quiz: Foundations, Infancy to Early Childhood: HSCO502: Human Growth and Development (D04)
https://libertyuniversity.instructure.com/courses/107883/quizzes/490808 11/17
2 / 2 pts
Question 31
In considering infant mental health, helping professionals who work with young children should take an
active role in
Providing support and information for parents.
Creating therapeutic experiences for the child that teach self-monitoring.
Providing the child with group exposure to other children of the same age.
Becoming an attachment gure for the young child.
2 / 2 pts
Question 32
In one study, young rats exposed to stress vocalized their anxiety. Their mothers, alerted to this distress,
responded with diligent caregiving behavior that altered the development of the hippocampus. Which of
the following processes or principles does this example demonstrate?
Dominant-recessive gene relationships.
Active gene effects.
The role of regulator genes in behavior genetics.
Epigenesis.
2 / 2 pts
Question 33
Using Erikson’s developmental theory as a framework, which of the following statements is an accurate
representation of his ideas?
An individual cannot progress to a later stage unless the earlier stage has been resolved successfully and
completely.
Successful progression through the stages of development depends upon effective resolution of the Oedipal
crisis.
Successful resolution of a psychosocial crisis at each stage depends upon having more positive than
negative experiences in the area of major concern.
Highly intelligent individuals can skip specic stages and make progress at a faster rate than other people.
3/29/2021 Quiz: Foundations, Infancy to Early Childhood: HSCO502: Human Growth and Development (D04)
https://libertyuniversity.instructure.com/courses/107883/quizzes/490808 12/17
2 / 2 pts
Question 34
Sally, age 28, recently married John, age 45. They would like to have a child, but they are concerned that
they may be at high risk to have a child with a chromosomal abnormality, like Down’s syndrome,
because of John’s age. What is their genetic counselor likely to tell them?
They are at higher than average risk for some chromosomal disorders because of John’s age, but not for
Down’s syndrome.
They are at higher than average risk for chromosomal disorders of all sorts because of John’s age.
There is no relationship between parents’ age and chromosomal disorders in their offspring.
The risk of any chromosomal disorder in a child is only related to the mother’s age, not to the father’s age.
2 / 2 pts
Question 35
Assimilation can be described as ____________ and accommodation can be described as ____________.
Incorporating information / quantifying information.
Incorporating information / restructuring information.
Restructuring information / incorporating information.
Quantifying information / restructuring information.
2 / 2 pts
Question 36
Annette is a warm and affectionate mother to her sons, Jason and Keith. When she comes home from
her job, she likes to spend time playing with them, preparing their favorite foods, and watching TV with
them. She describes herself as a “soft touch” when it comes to her children. Lately she has been
hearing complaints about 6-year-old Jason’s behavior in school. Annette thinks the teacher is being too
hard on her son. She does not want anything to affect the good relationship she has with her children.
Which style best describes Annette’s parenting?
Authoritarian.
Authoritative.
Permissive.
Neglecting-uninvolved.
3/29/2021 Quiz: Foundations, Infancy to Early Childhood: HSCO502: Human Growth and Development (D04)
https://libertyuniversity.instructure.com/courses/107883/quizzes/490808 13/17
2 / 2 pts
Question 37
Counselors must recognize the principle of ___________: Individual pathways of development may result
in a wide range of possible outcomes.
equinality
hierarchical integration dysfunctionality
dysfunctionality
multinality
2 / 2 pts
Question 38
According to Vygotsky, language is one product of shared understanding among members of a social
group and may be considered a ____________ that facilitates learning and thinking.
Scaffold
Tool or sign
Culture
Developmental line
2 / 2 pts
Question 39
When considering the level of trait in easy and dicult temperaments, as summarized in table 4.3,
which statement is FALSE:
The trait of uninterrupted attention span and persistence is long in easy temperament styles.
Children with a dicult temperament style are low on the trait of “threshold”
A dicult temperament style has a withdrawn or rejected reaction to new experiences.
Easy temperament styles have low regularity in their rhythmicity.
2 / 2 pts
Question 40
Basic emotions such as _____________ can be observed in young infants, but self-conscious emotions
such as ____________ only emerge in childhood.
3/29/2021 Quiz: Foundations, Infancy to Early Childhood: HSCO502: Human Growth and Development (D04)
https://libertyuniversity.instructure.com/courses/107883/quizzes/490808 14/17
Surprise and fear / embarrassment and pride
Fear and shame /anger and empathy
Contentment and pride / anger and shame
Empathy and anger / surprise and fear
2 / 2 pts
Question 41
An attempt to forestall the development of problems by promoting health and wellness in the general
population is called
tertiary prevention.
secondary prevention.
primary prevention.
mediation.
2 / 2 pts
Question 42
Which of the following is an accurate description of the long-term effects of chronic
stress on the body?
The ability of the immune system to ght infection and ward off disease is compromised.
There are no effects on the immune system, and only short term effects on the cardiovascular system.
There are no effects on the cardiovascular system, but long term effects on the skeletal muscles.
There are no lasting effects on the body – when the stress ends all physical systems return to normal.
2 / 2 pts
Question 43
Which of the following statements does not reect contemporary critiques of Piagetian theory that have
experimental support?
Progress in intellectual development is often domain-specic.
Infants do not have the ability to mentally represent objects at birth.
Infants may have a rudimentary understanding of object permanence earlier in infancy than Piaget
suspected.
3/29/2021 Quiz: Foundations, Infancy to Early Childhood: HSCO502: Human Growth and Development (D04)
https://libertyuniversity.instructure.com/courses/107883/quizzes/490808 15/17
Infants frequently have the ability to mentally represent objects at birth.
2 / 2 pts
Question 44
Video response. Review the video on, page 12 of your book; from the 3 statements select which one(s)
are correct.
Statement 1. The children were unable to successfully set the table and the teacher had to help. This
demonstrates that the children mistrust their ability to perform the task.
Statement 2. These children are at the age where they are demonstrating initiative vs. guilt, taking on
grown-up roles.
Statement 3. The children are demonstrating the emergence of autonomy with muscular control and
both cognitive and language skills that help them take initiative.
statement 2 and 3 are correct
statement 3 is correct
statement 1 is correct
statement 1 and 2 are correct
2 / 2 pts
Question 45
Bea is the mother of 4-month-old Alex. She has been depressed since Alex’s birth and is frequently
withdrawn. Because of Bea’s depression, we can expect that, in comparison to other 4-month-olds, Alex
experiences will display
Less self-regulation.
More active face-to-face interactions.
Less crying and distress.
More fearfulness and turning away.
2 / 2 pts
Question 46
Mrs. Harmon, the mother of 18-month-old Bryce, is concerned that Bryce has not learned to speak very
well. He has a limited vocabulary and seems content to point to the things he wants. Mrs. Harmon has
read several child development books which indicate that Bryce should be in the stage of language
learning. Mrs. Harmon fears that Bryce is not keeping up developmentally. Based on your understanding
of the timing of developmental stages, what would be your best advice?
Don’t pay attention to developmental milestones and treat each child as an individual.
3/29/2021 Quiz: Foundations, Infancy to Early Childhood: HSCO502: Human Growth and Development (D04)
https://libertyuniversity.instructure.com/courses/107883/quizzes/490808 16/17
Since Bryce appears developmentally delayed, he should be referred immediately for a speech and language
evaluation.
Developmental stages can be useful guidelines, but there is a range of normal development within stages.
Mrs. Harmon should use exercises such as ashcards with Bryce to increase his knowledge of vocabulary.
2 / 2 pts
Question 47
Which of the following statemet is FALSE regarding chronic stress during pregnancy and its impact on
the fetus?
Stress during pregnancy, has no lasting effects on the fetus.
There is a dose-response relationship between prental stress and maladaptive outcomes.
Maternal stress at 16 weeks were more strongly related to later problems than those expeirences at 34
weeks.
Maternal stress causes long term psychopathology.
2 / 2 pts
Question 48
The ability to use language to communicate effectively by using well-organized narratives primarily
depends upon the development of ____________ skill.
Phonological
Semantic
Pragmatic
Syntactic
2 / 2 pts
Question 49
The still-face paradigm has been used primarily to study
Emotion regulation in infants.
Mother-infant attachment.
3/29/2021 Quiz: Foundations, Infancy to Early Childhood: HSCO502: Human Growth and Development (D04)
https://libertyuniversity.instructure.com/courses/107883/quizzes/490808 17/17
The effects of disciplinary style on self-control.
Temperament.
2 / 2 pts
Question 50
Which statement is TRUE regarding the characteristic of attachment style:
Infants produce contradictory behavior showing both an inclination to approach the mother when stress and
a tendency to avoid her when she approaches when they have a disorganized-disoriented attachment style.
Infants with an avoidant-insecure attachment excessively cry when separated with their care-provide and
cling to their mother when she returns.
Anxious-ambivalent attachment styles demonstrate subtle reaction to being separated from their mothers,
and upon return, they are happy and eager to see her.
Infants who show very little negative reaction to their mother leaving and smile when she returns are
securely attached.
Quiz Score: 94 out of 100
