HSCO 502
DISCUSSION ASSIGNMENT INSTRUCTIONS
The student will complete 4 discussions in this course. The student will post one thread of at least 250
words by 11:59 p.m. (ET) on Sunday of the assigned Module: Week. The student must then post 2 replies
of at least 150 words by 11:59 p.m. (ET) on Sunday of the assigned Module: Week, with the exception of
Module 8: Week 8. For Module 8: Week 8, replies are due by 11:59 p.m. (ET) on Friday. The thread must
integrate insight from the textbook and 2 other scholarly sources. The replies must integrate insight from
at least 1 scholarly reference.
Lifespan development is a broad topic, covering multiple stages, theories, and critical issues. As we begin
the course, do a search for 2 scholarly journal articles related to lifespan. Provide a brief description of
these articles and how they relate to the topic of lifespan development as well as the textbook.
You may find the following tutorial from the JFL helpful as you begin you search: Beginning the
Research Process.
Chronological age most likely plays a big part in out physical and mental health because these problems
become increasingly severe through the adult lifespan. The article, Negative emotions and chronic
physical illness: A lifespan developmental perspective, attempts to show negative emotions and physical
illness can be helped from a lifespan developmental perspective, highlighting the risk factors can be
altered greatly, conditional based on age- and age-related options and limitations. Sampling 1,002 men
and woman from two different age groups, the study concludes in old age there is an upsurge in negative
emotions and a reduction in physical health because of the amplified vulnerability due to their current
phase of lifespan (Kunzmann, 2019).
As a young woman, so much time is spent trying to look older, and as woman become older, even more
time and money is spent trying to look younger. The article, “No matter how old I am, I don’t like what
my stomach looks like.” Lifespan perspective on the changes in self-assessment of attractiveness and life
satisfaction in women, explores the relationship between how attractive woman see themselves and their
life satisfaction, where age possibly changes it. Body image changes throughout the lifespan due to social
and cultures standards. The study consisted of 360 women aged 18-89. Conclusively, age is a factor in
this relationship. Self-attractiveness differs with all ages, and how they view their body affects life
satisfaction regardless of age. These results can be predictors of life satisfaction in woman, the more she
sees herself attractive, the more likely the better life satisfaction (Skalacka, 2020).
Reference
Kunzmann, U., Schilling, O., Wrosch, C., Siebert, J. S., Katzorreck, M., Wahl, H.-W., & Gerstorf, D.
(2019). Negative emotions and chronic physical illness: A lifespan developmental
perspective. Health Psychology, 38(11), 949–959. https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000767
Skałacka, K., & Pajestka, G. (2020). “No matter how old I am, I don’t like what my stomach looks like.”
Lifespan perspective on the changes in self-assessment of attractiveness and life satisfaction in
women. Journal of Women & Aging, 33(6), 683–691.
https://doi.org/10.1080/08952841.2020.1781509
Noelle’s post…
HSCO 502
Life span development addresses how we change and grow from conception to death. Amongst three
developmental areas physical, cognitive development, and psychosocial. Life span development is to
understand the life of one’s growth. In European explore children and adults as one; treated with same
responsibility. Elementary age children were performed task as big as working in the adult field. The
children with these skills develop early stage of their life cognitive and personality skills that base that
shows children are equal as an adult (The Life Span: Human Development for Helping Professionals,
Chapter 1,Para 3-4)
Learning how it’s important to welcome all stages of one’s life. Life has a way of developing with
obstacles such as accidents within ADHD. Over the years uncertain accidents has left long term damage
that could interrupted the proper stages of growth. The effects of an accident that result in the hospital can
have some long-term life changes but could affect mainly in older adults. While medication was studied
to be a more effective way to handle ADHD which causing less issue once a person reaches their older
age. The type of that effect lifespan would be brain injuries, burns, car related accidents, poisoning, and
substance abuse; these individuals may suffer from ADHD over a lifespan, but there is a chance that each
injury differ on how the accident affects a person’s life overall.
Life Span gender development study women and men crossing over to display themselves as the opposite
sex. More often men and women are targets of stereotypes as masculine and feminine traits and qualities.
Being married bases on age and gender are known gender group base on life situation. Men and women
begin to experience stereotype from the teenage ages until their adult life and to understand the gender
across the life span of gender theories crossover, degendering, and social role.
Reference
Broderick, P. and Blewitt, P., 2014. The Life Span: Human Development for Helping Professionals. 4th
ed. Harlow: Pearson Education Inc.
Lemaster, P., Delaney, R., & Strough, J. (2017). Crossover, Degendering, or...? A Multidimensional
Approach to Life-Span Gender Development. Sex Roles, 76(11-12), 669-681p.
Nathalie Brunkhorst-Kanaan, Berit Libutzki, Andreas Reif, Henrik Larsson, Rhiannon V. McNeill, Sarah
Kittel-Schneider, ADHD and accidents over the life span – A systematic review, Neuroscience &
Biobehavioral Reviews,Volume 125,2021
Hello Noelle, thank you for your post. When thinking of lifespan development, how we grow, mature,
learn, and transition to each phase of our lives is an important thing to understand, especially as we get
older ourselves. I understand attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHS) has differences in our brain
development to affect how well we are able to give attention and show self-control, but I have never
really thought about how it affects each of us differently throughout of life span development. I wonder if
being diagnosed with ADHD would compromise the length of the life, especially those who suffer from a
head injury as well. Brunkhorst-Kanaan (2021) does not specific if it does, but it does mention the risk
does change in people who have ADHD over their lifespan development. It is also implied that the
chance of receiving a head injury in increased due to risky driving in adults with ADHD (Brunkhorst-
Kanaan, 2021).
Brunkhorst-Kanaan, N., Libutzki, B., Reif, A., Larsson, H., McNeill, R. V., & Kittel-Schneider, S. (2021).
ADHD and accidents over the life span – a systematic review. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral
Reviews, 125, 582–591. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.02.002
HSCO 502
Alisha’s post….
Life span development is referred to as a human behavioral change from conception to death (Blewitt &
Broderick, 2002). It includes the changes an individual goes through physically, cognitively, and
psychologically. According to Blewitt and Broderick, lifespan development is like a staircase. In every
new stage, a person is lifted to a new plateau for some time and then is lifted to another one and it goes
on. Likewise, from birth to adulthood to death an individual undergoes various stages of development.
According to Sigmund Freud, there are 5 different psychosexual stages an individual goes through during
childhood to adulthood that determine his/her behavior. Those stages are oral, anal stage, phallic stage,
latency stage, and genital stage. Similarly, Erick Erikson described 8 psychosexual stages that a person
goes through from childhood to adulthood. They include trust versus mistrust, autonomy versus shame
and doubt, initiative versus guilt, industry versus inferiority, identity versus role confusion, intimacy vs
isolation, generativity versus stagnation, and ego integrity versus despair.
The first journal article taken into consideration for the study purpose introduces to ‘life review’. Life
review can help any individual reframe their life from a positive angle and add more meaning to present
life (Kampfe, 2015). As mentioned by Freud’s principles the unconscious is timeless and all those
unresolved conflicts are responsible for determining the behavior of a person (Kail, et al, 2016). No
wonder life span development depicts that the changes can be done through constructive ways focusing
on what good happened rather than what didn’t happen. Similarly, lifeline exercise as used in the research
by Sarantakis, helped the subject explore more positive sides, leading to regaining meaning of life.
The second journal article used for the study highlights the importance of psychosexual stages described
by Erick Erikson. It depicts the idea of identity crisis developed by Erick Erickson. An identity crisis is an
event where an individual often questions the sense of self.
References
Broderick, P. C., & Blewitt, P. (2020). The Life Span: Human Development for Helping Professionals.
5thed.Pearson Education, Inc.
Maree, J. G. (2021). The Psychosocial Development Theory of Erik Erikson: Critical overview. Early
Child Development and Care, 191(7-8), 1107–
1121. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004430.2020.1845163 (Links to an external site.)
Sarantakis, N. P. (2020). Rediscovering meaning when entering “older age”: A counseling case study
based on lifespan development and a pluralistic approach. Practice Innovations, 5(1), 1–
18. https://doi.org/10.1037/pri0000102
Hello Alisha, thank you for your post. Maree (2021) attempts to widen current reflections on Erikson's
situation in the range of work done on human improvement overall and on early child advancement
particularly. The order where individuals manage psychosocial improvement undertakings is a critical
element in deciding what the errands will mean for their personality, independent of the unique
circumstance. The importance of gaining insight into core aspects of people’s identity development,
especially during their early years, is generally accepted today. Such insight promotes counsellors’
understanding of how clients either experienced their early years and/or navigated their transition to
adulthood successfully o unsuccessfully. It also promotes counsellors’ ability to help clients adapt
HSCO 502
successfully to new contexts and eventually enter the world of work (Maree, 2021). The article hence
affirms Erikson's verifiable commitment to advising for self-and vocation development as far as its ability
to assist with peopling determination such profession decision difficulties and rework their profession
biographies.
Reference
Maree, J. G. (2021). The Psychosocial Development Theory of Erik Erikson: Critical overview. The
Influence of Theorists and Pioneers on Early Childhood Education, 119–133.
https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003120216-11
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