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The basic premise of ecological thinking is that health behavior, and
the determinants of these behaviors are inter-related.
Triadic Influence theory suggests three streams of influence that can be used to
conceptualize and prioritize behavior change efforts such as intrapersonal,
interpersonal, and socio cultural environment.
The logic behind structural interventions is that the physical, legal, economic, and
regulatory “structures” within an individual’s environment can be altered to support
the adoption and maintenance of health protective behaviors.
A microsystem is:
Selected This level refers to the immediate environment in which a person is
Answer:
operating.
Question 3
The Theory of Triadic Influence posits that three streams of influence can be used to
conceptualize and prioritize behavior change efforts: intrapersonal, interpersonal,
and socio-cultural environmental.
In the Behavioral Ecological Model, ________ are defined as social contingencies of
reinforcement that affect large segments of a population or subpopulation.
Metacontingencies
Which of the following is NOT one of the four categories of environmental factors that
are critical in shaping health behaviors, according to the structural model of health
behavior?
Socioeconomic status
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What is the best known ecological model?
Precede-Proceed
Which of the following is not one of the three streams of influence onto behavior
change efforts, according to the Theory of Triadic Influence?
Economic status
Which of the following is not a system level that Bronfenbrenner described in the
Model of Human Development?
Ecosystem
Which of the following statements is NOT true about the differences between the
ecological approach and the medical approach?
The ecological approach blames the individual for a health status
Actors/nodes with a high degree of centrality have more social connections and can
usually transmit health information more efficiently and effectively than actors with a
low degree of centrality.
The Theory of Triadic Influence posits three streams of influence can be used to
conceptualize and prioritize behavior change efforts. Within each stream of influence
behavior change strategies cannot be cognitive or affective.
When any given part of the environment becomes a target for change, the term used is
structural intervention.
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Whole network
analysis
mavenism
According to social network theory, to serve as an effective conduit for social and
behavioral change, actors must
Selected first conduct a network analysis to identify the keys
Answer:nodes involved.
worksites schoolsites
Selected Using their influence and example, set norms for the
Answer:network to follow.
Question 20
Personal traits of some members of social networks predispose them to serve
as superdiffusers of new ideas. Three traits are considered vital to the spread of an
innovation within and between networks. Which of the following is not one of these key
traits?
Selected Egocentricity: The skill to facilitate effective network analyses to
Answer:identify what works.
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In general, the more you have in common with members of a social network (e.g.,
age, political persuasion, religiosity, ethnicity, education), the more likely a health
message coming from you will be accepted by them. This is an example of network
In which type of analytical technique does the research start with selecting a set of
nodes that is then considered as a study population, then measures the tie between
these nodes?
The major components of social network theory include nodes or actors and ties that
connect the nodes where they form a network.
A "maven" (i.e., someone exhibiting
information in a social network.
) is not accepted as a reputable source of
Scenario: You are a state health department officer working with various social networks
(e.g., churches, , ) to promote personal wellness. With help from
community members, you identify superdiffusers in each of the target social networks. Which
of the following key roles must the superdiffusers do to ensure success of the promotion?
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homoph
i ly.
Social networks are usually very stable over time, with little or no change in
member numbers or roles, making the introduction of new health information difficult.
Selected brokera
Answer: ge.
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Transitivity describes the temporary mental state of people who fail at developing lasting
nodal connections, resulting in weak social networks.
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The
networks.
A
social traits
is a highly influential person who possesses all of the following
What is the correct order of discrete stages of behavior change, according to the
Diffusion Theory?
Selected Knowledge, Persuasion, Decision, Implementation, and
Answer:
Confirmation
Question 28
People are more likely to adopt an innovation if they observe others having adopted
the innovation and experiencing a positive outcome as a result.
level of network organization includes large-scale networks and complex
Social systems and networks must be traditional (i.e., physical contact and
connections occur in person) to be effective in transmitting health
information; virtual systems and networks (i.e., social media) are to fragile to be an
effective change agent for health.
meso
superdiffuser
except:
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The social system is a key “last-step” in health promotion planning.
Opinion leaders tend to be early adopters and are often the first to adopt
an innovation.
Getting an innovation into what adopter category will result in the greatest
momentum to adopting the behavior/innovation?
Early Majority
All of the following are true of laggards in relation to the adoption of innovations
EXCEPT
Selected they typically have strong social ties to key leaders in the innovation
Answer:
process.
Question 30
The key implication of Diffusion Theory is that “opinion leaders” tend to be highly
influential with respect to the adoption of innovations.
Diffusion Theory describes twelve key characteristics of a successful innovation.
Which one of the following characteristics is commonly considered by usersprior to
their adoption of the innovation?
Observability
According to Diffusion Theory, the more _______________ change agents are with
the target population, the more effective they are likely to be in promoting the
adoption of an innovation.
homophilous
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What are the elements of the innovation-decision process?
All of the above
Which of the following is true about the “black box” in public health?
All of the above.
Identify the organization characteristic that is most related to adopting a new
program?
________ is defined as the intentional spreading of information for a specific
purpose.
Dissemination
Which statement is not true regarding the innovation?
Selected Trialability is adopting new ideas that are simpler to understand than
Answer:
innovations that require the adopter to develop new skills and
understating.
Question 37
Diffusion Theory works best in
all of the above.
A program is more likely to be adopted if it is perceived to have advantages over
alternatives – either current practice or other available programs.
Pre-service and in-service training are not considered as efficient ways to provide
knowledge of background information, theory, philosophy, and values.
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Core implementation components include all except:
Data analysis
staying up to date on the latest technologies
Which is NOT one of the four steps of the Public Health Model?
Implement appropriate medical treatments
Which is true about program implementation in health promotion?
Both A and B
In the beginning stages of implementation, training and coaching of staff are
important ways in which behavior change is achieved.
Most of the work of social scientists goes into testing the feasibility of program
implementation.
Which is NOT considered one of the six main challenges to implementation of
prevention programs?
An integrated data system across providers to coordinate services
Fidelity to a program can enhance adoption and community ownership more so than
adaptation.
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