Quandary 1 –Kilroy: Chapter 8andRamsay, Kiltz: Chapter 5.2
After having read the assigned chapter and your own research what are the
potential consequences we face from cyber intrusions or attacks? What are
our defenses against such attacks?
Quandary 2 –Ramsay, Kiltz: Chapter 6
After having read the assigned chapters and your own research what threats
or hazards does our transportation system face or pose? List at list 3 specific
modes of transportation and the specific threats each one faces. Provide at
least 2 mitigation strategies for each mode and threat faced – 1 structural
and 1 non-structural in nature. Does the Bible offer guidance about
withstanding the storms we face in life if so what does it say?
Quandary 1
Cybersecurity is now a global priority as cybercrime and digital threats grow in frequency and
complexity. Cybercrime is any criminal activity committed using computers or network
providers (Kilroy, 2018). Also, these threats can take various insidious forms and can very
quickly compromise the security and privacy of individuals, businesses, and government
agencies such as credit card fraud, identity theft, and illegal money transfers. Moreover, cyber
criminals are very sophisticated and can cause great damage in terms of homeland security. In
order to assess the abilities of federal, state, and local government agencies to respond to a cyber-
attack, the Department of Homeland Security’s Cyber Security Division created an exercise
called Cyber Storm (Kilroy, 2018). Adverse effects of cyber-attacks on the United States include
digital, economic, psychological, reputational, and social. Physical impacts include loss of life,
bodily injury, and identity theft. Economic impacts include investigative costs, compensation
payments, extortion payments, and reduced customers and profits. Psychological impacts include
anxiety, guilt, and frustration. Cyber-attacks can damage public perception, damage relationships
with customers, and loss of accreditations. Therefore, the Department of Homeland Security
plays an important role in countering threats to cyber networks. The National Cybersecurity and
Communications Integration Center’s (NCCIC) mission is to reduce the risk of systemic
cybersecurity and communications challenges in our role as the Nation’s flagship cyber defense,
incident response, and operational integration center. Since 2009, the NCCIC has served as a
national hub for cyber and communications information, technical expertise, and operational
integration including situational awareness, analysis, and incident response center.
Quandary 2
Safety and security issues concern both transportation modes and terminals that can be either a
target for terrorism, a vector to conduct illegal activities, or even a form of warfare. Also,
transportation systems are attractive targets to terrorists because their networked character makes
them highly vulnerable and because their fundamental position in the economy can result in
widespread losses. “Terrorists adapt their methods and targets to our security efforts, a
phenomenon known as ‘‘threat shifting’’. The ability of terrorists to adapt and to conceal their
capabilities and intentions means it is impossible to know with any certainty the number of
active and viable plots that may be underway” (Cox, 2011). The most visible emerging form of
security threats is cybersecurity, to which transportation infrastructures and organizations are
particularly vulnerable. The growth in information technologies and their associated networks
has opened new forms of vulnerability as control and management systems can be remotely
accessed.
Airplane
Threats: hijacking, cyberattacking, and biological
Structural mitigation: video surveillance
Non-structural mitigation: passenger screening
Train
Threats: terrorism attack, cyberattacking and biological
Structural mitigation: video surveillance
Non-structural mitigation: passenger screening
Bus
Threats: bombing attack, terrorism attack, and biological
Structural mitigation: video surveillance
Non-structural mitigation: passenger screening
According to Christian viewpoints, government have responsibility to protect human life
following the God’s words. God loves and saves human life. “But the Lord is faithful. He will
establish you and guard you against the evil one” – 2 Thessalonians 3:3. Also, the action of
government should reflect to God’s verbal that citizens can trust in them. “If any of you lacks
wisdom, let him ask God, who gives generously to all without reproach, and it will be given
him” – James 1:5. God make His plan to rescue human from evil. “The Lord will rescue me from
every evil deed and bring me safely into his heavenly kingdom. To him be the glory forever and
ever. Amen” – 2 Timothy 4:18. Therefore all actions of government should reflect the Bible to
make America safety due to terrorism attacks and cyberattacks increasing. “But let all who take
refuge in you rejoice; let them ever sing for joy, and spread your protection over them, that those
who love your name may exult in you” – Psalm 5:11.
Reference
Bayuk, J. L. (2012). Cyber attacks. Computers & Security, 31(2), 251.
Cox, A., Prager, F., & Rose, A. (2011). Transportation Security and the role of Resilience: A
Foundation for Operational Metrics. Transport Policy, 18(2), 307–317.
Holy bible. (2011). Zondervan.
Kilroy, J. R. J. (2018). Chapter 8. Threats to homeland security: Reassessing the all-hazards
perspective. Wiley.
Ramsay, J. D., & Kiltz, L. A. (2018). Chapter 5-6. In Critical issues in homeland security: A
casebook. Routledge.
Hello Sara,
Thank you for your post about cybersecurity. I totally agree with you that cyberthreats continue
to grow and evolve in frequency, vector, and complexity since technology explores globally.
Cybersecurity threats reflect the risk of experiencing a cyberattack. A cyberattack is an
intentional and malicious effort by an organization or an individual to breach the systems of
another organization or individual. As technology continues to advance, it is imperative that
governments and organizations remain proactive in maintaining in defending against
cyber threats to safeguard national security and public interests. Also, their goals get more
difficult due to the improvement of technologies such as social media, cyber-internet, and
artificial intelligence. The challenge of law enforcement agencies is how to eliminate the risk of
cybersecurity and manage the threat of security that they can protect America from terrorism and
cyber-attacks. According to Bible, God protects and saves human from evil as well as
government protects community from attacks. “Blessed is the man who remains steadfast under
trial, for when he has stood the test he will receive the crown of life, which God has promised to
those who love him” – James 1:12.
Reference
Hodges, D., & Creese, S. (2015). Understanding cyber-attacks. Cyber Warfare, 33–60.
https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315761565-3
Holy bible. (2011). Zondervan.
Ramsay, J. D., & Kiltz, L. A. (2018). Chapter 5-6. In Critical issues in homeland security: A
casebook. Routledge.
Hello Alex,
Thank you for your post about cyber attacks and transportation security. I think that the
cyberattacks on the U.S. government provide a glimpse into the ever-evolving landscape
of cybersecurity threats. These incidents underscore the importance of robust
cybersecurity measures, international cooperation, and constant vigilance in protecting
government institutions and critical infrastructure. Moreover, to address risks arising from
cyber-attacks, many and various solutions have been proposed. These include processes and
technologies designed to prevent unauthorized and potentially threatening actors from accessing
the digital systems and assets. They also include novel intrusion-detection and prevention
systems designed to identify emergent threats and help organizations limit any resulting harm.
There is a general acceptance that digital infrastructures are socio-technical systems, and
therefore the people involved must also be considered an attack surface for the purpose of
preventing cyber-attacks and mitigating cyber-risk. According to Christian viewpoints,
government have responsibility to protect human life following the God’s direction. “The Lord
will rescue me from every evil deed and bring me safely into his heavenly kingdom. To him be
the glory forever and ever. Amen” – 2 Timothy 4:18. Therefore, the Department of Homeland
Security has responsibility to protect national security from terrorism and cyber-attacks as like as
God saves human from evil. “But let all who take refuge in you rejoice; let them ever sing for
joy, and spread your protection over them, that those who love your name may exult in you” –
Psalm 5:11
Reference
Bayuk, J. L. (2012). Cyber attacks. Computers & Security, 31(2), 251.
Holy bible. (2011). Zondervan.
Kilroy, J. R. J. (2018). Chapter 8. Threats to homeland security: Reassessing the all-
hazards perspective. Wiley.
God loves and saves human life. “But the Lord is faithful. He will establish you and guard you
against the evil one” – 2 Thessalonians 3:3. Also, the action of government should reflect to
God’s verbal that citizens can trust in them. “If any of you lacks wisdom, let him ask God, who
gives generously to all without reproach, and it will be given him” – James 1:5. God make His
plan to rescue human from evil. Therefore all actions of government should reflect the Bible to
make America safety due to terrorism attacks and cyberattacks increasing.
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