HIEU 201
Characteristics of Civilization
Monumental architecture
organized religion
specialized labour
Persian empire: characteristics
Biggest empire of ancient world
Ruled through TOLERANCE
Individual provinces that self-governed (maintained their stability)
Developed road and mail system.
Hebrew view of God
(GOST)
-Good
-One
-sovereign
-Transcendent
Hebrew view of Man
Man is created by God
Human dignity/worth
Moral freedom
Ethical system
Persian wars- Who?
Greece (Athens) vs Persians
Persian wars- Why?
East vs West (ie: monarch vs. democracy)
Ionian Land dispute
Persia wanted to conquer Europe.
Persian wars- Who won?
Greece
Persian wars- How?
Battle of Marathon- Greeks won (hoplite, and organized phalanx)
Battle of Thermopylae- 300 Spartans stalled Persians
Battle of Salamis- Greek naval victory, (superior ships "trireme")
Battle of Plataea-
SMARTER, MORE MOTIVATED, FAMILIAR TERRITORY
Persian wars- SO WHAT??
-Athenian pride= hubris and imperialism
-lead to Golden Age
-Stopped Persian advance
Sparta- description
-Militaristic, agricultural, Monarchy
- Afraid of a mass slave revolt, so developed a HUGE military and kept it close to home
- afraid to spread out (incase it endangered them)
Sparta- Major Contributions
-Helped in Persian war
-Mastered the militaristic Society
-example for later Totalitarian states
Sparta- Contrast with Athens
"Miltary Monarchy" vs "Cultural Democracy"
Both Community oriented
Pelopennsian Wars- When?
At the end of athens "Golden Age"
Peloponnesian Wars- Who?
Delian league (athens) vs Peloponnesian League (sparta)
Peloponnesian wars- Why?
-Athens took taxes from other cities and used them to build monuments for themselves
-Sparta felt threatened
Peloponnesian wars- Who won?
Sparta
(but its a civil war, so no one really ended up winning in the end)
Peloponnesian War- So what?
Weakened all of Greece and allowed King Phillip of macedon to come and conquer Greece.
Cosmologists - Role in origins of greek philosophy
Earliest greek philosophers who wanted to understand the universe
Cosmologists- Methods
Physical matter
mathematical order (pythagoras)
logical proof (
mechanical structure (archimedes)
Cosmologists - So what?
systematizing knowledge
enabled critical analysis
separated myth and science
Plato's "Theory of Ideas"
two worlds:
-physical world (forms)
-spiritual world (ideas)
Plato's "Theory of Just State"
critique of (athenian) Democracy
foolish to let common man rule
‘
leaders were picked for bad reasons
could become anarchy.
tyrants could be elected by manipulating poor
Aristotle
When- End of Hellenic age
Where- Greece
So What- Taught Alex the Great
Hellenic vs Hellenistic
Democracy vs Monarchy
Greek vs cultural amalgamation
Isolated vs. Universal
Austere vs Materialaistic
focus on polis vs focus on personal interests
Hellenistic advances
Advances in:
literature
history
art
science
Hebrew prophets - contributions
Social justice (equal treatment)
Universalism ( God is soverign over everyone)
individualism ( individuals still have responsibility for relationship with God)
Greek Contribution to Western Civ
Reason - Logic not myth making
freedom- political & moral freedom
humanism- human actualization/ excellence
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