HIEU 201 test 4
Renaissance Humanism
- a return to classical culture
- highlighting the positive qualities of man/humans
- "Ad Fontes" meaning going back to the sources
Fathers of Humanism:
Petrarch and Boccaccio, they made a systematic attempt to discover the classical roots of medieval
Italian rhetoric
Where the Renaissance began:
The Italian-City States
Uniqueness of Italy:
- economically it was at the crossroads of commerce and trade
- new emerging social class
- secular politics
Lorenzo Valla
he studied languages and noticed the changes in Latin over time, came up with the concept called
"textual criticism"
Machiavelli
- wrote "The Prince" which made fundamental contributions to political theory
- could be known as the first major modern political thinker
- a secularist who believed Christianity or religion was not the foundation for politics
Impact of the Medici Family:
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Erasmus
- Christian Humanist whose main concerns were National languages and National boundaries
Erasmus's writing called "Enchiridion Militis Christiani
- had a huge impact in 1515 when it included an appeal to educate laymen and women
- returning to the writing of the Fathers and scripture was essential for reform in the church
Other beliefs of Erasmus:
- the New Testament is called the "law of Christ"
- He believed that the future vitality of Christianity lies within the laity, not the clergy
One of Erasmus's greatest achievements:
the first PRINTED version of the Greek New Testament, mainly used as a tool for scholars to go back to
the original sources in 1516
Precursors to the Reformation:
John Wycliffe and Jan Hus were both theologians who attacked vital church practices and doctrines
Start of the Reformation:
Began by Martin Luther in 1517!!
Martin Luther
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