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Government 200-course outline
Liberty University
7/20
Define a worldview:
A worldview is a philosophy of life, which attempts to address and answer the grand questions
of life to direct man
A worldview has three components:
Primary questions: cosmological and anthropological
4 subsidiary questions: ontological, epistemological, axiological, and teleological
What are the primary questions?
Cosmological and anthropological questions
What is the origin, nature and destiny of the cosmos?
Primary question #1 :Cosmological question
What is the origin, nature and destiny of man?
Primary question #2: Anthropological
Ontological question:
~The question of being
~From where did everything originate?
~What is our starting point?
Epistemological question:
~The question of knowing
~ How do we know?
~ How do we know that we know?
Axiological question:
~ The question of value
~What, if anything, is the ultimate value?
Teleological question:
~The question of destiny, direction and purpose
~ Where, if anywhere, are we going?
How do the two primary questions and the four secondary questions relate?
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The two primary questions cannot be answered until the four subsidiary ones are answered.
origins
ontology
knowledge
epistemology
value
axiology
purpose
teleology
What are the two options dealing with the ontological question?
Naturalism and supernaturalism
What is supernaturalism?
A supernatural force or agent is the origin of, and explains all that exists: including man, and
exists above and outside of the seen, phenomenal realm
What is naturalism?
Some yet-to-be discovered force or agent with the natural realm is the origin of all that exists,
including man and exists within the seen phenomenal realm
What are the three options dealing with the epistemological realm?
Revelationism, rationalism, and ituitionalism
What is revelationism?
Man can come to know absolute truth about God, himself and all of existence because God has
revealed it to man through special revelation or the Scriptures in verbal, propositional form
What is rationalism?
Rationalism asserts that man, by simply taking thought, or exercising his intilect, or
contemplating life through human reason alone, can come to know truth in the absolute sense
for all matters of life, including morals and ethics; reason is absolutized
What is intuitionalism?
Humans know by simply intuiting, or penetrating into the depths of their inner sense of self and
being to discern what is true; intuitionalism assumes that humans do not need an outside force
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or supernatural agent to administer special revelation in order to know what is true. Humans
come to understand truth apart from rational categories and reason, and instead, assert
knowledge through non-rational means by subjective assessments, impressions and personal
feelings
What are the three options regarding the Axiological question?
Theism, humanism, and materialism
What is theism?
Theism claims that a supernatural being such as the God of the Scriptures is the most valuable
being in the universe. Man's value is understood in relation to God
What is humanism?
Humanism claims that humans are the most valuable beings or creatures in the universe. A
person's value is understood in relation to him or herself.
What is materialism?
Materialism claims that matter (or rather, matter in motion) is the most valuable entity in the
universe. A person's value is understood in relation to this matter in motion, or this universal,
cosmic force of causation and determinism
What are the two options for the Teleological question?
Kingdom of God teleology or Kingdom of Earth teleology
What is the Kingdom of God teleology?
God's Kingdom, which includes His rule and authority, is eternal, and therefore, gives ultimate
meaning, direction, and purpose. The Kingdom of God teleology assumes an eternal order.
What is the Kingdom of Earth teleology?
Some force or agent, yet to be discovered, gives ultimate meaning and direction toward an
undefined and undisclosed purpose. The Kingdom of Earth teleology assumes a temporal order
only or the exclusive existence of this temporal age.
thing assumed beforehand as a basis of argument or discussion. That which is required as a
prior condition:
presupposition
things which are in opposition to each other; in contrast
antithesis (antithetical)
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view of the world that excludes the supernatural or spiritual. Action based on natural instincts;
moral or religious system on purely natural basis:
naturalism
existing without relation to any other being; self-existing; self sufficient
absolute
belief in the existence of God without accepting revelation. *Belief in a God who created the
universe but has no ongoing relationship with man
deism
doctrine that God is everything and everything is God; "all"- theism
pantheism
to make absolute; convert into an absolute
absolutize
of or having to do with man
anthropological (Greek word for man: anthropos)
diversion into two; *a false division which arises in the mind of a person who tries to
understand something without beginning and ending with the Trinitarian God in his or her
thinking
dichotomy
having God as the central interest and ultimate concern
Theocentrism
List the 7 areas of frameworks of life:
1.) civil-social
2.) ecclesiastical
3.) education
4.) legal
5.) economic
6.) aesthetics
7.) international relations
represents human corporate relationships, such as the various levels of civil-government,
marriage, and the family:
Civil-social
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represents church related functions, affairs, and government
Ecclesiastical
Represents the acquisitions of information, formal learning in secondary schools and
universities, as well as informed learning through the media and other information
Education
Represents jurisprudence, or the study of law and law order
Legal
Represents market relations, or the production and distribution of goods and services among
individuals in the marketplace
Economics
Represents all art forms ranging from the audiovisual (music, painting, sculpting) to the literary
arts (literature and history)
Aesthetics
represents relations between and among nations which includes international diplomacy
international relations
What are the 4 characteristics of a worldview?
1.) A worldview must deal with the larger questions. That is it must supply answers to the
primary questions of God, man and the cosmos
2.) A worldview must be universally applicable. This is to say that the answers which a
worldview gives to the primary questions must be capable of application across the entire
spectrum
3.) A worldview must provided lasting answers
4.) A worldview will present itself as factually adequate or endeavor to be consistent with the
whole of reality and what actually exists, or what is really, truly there. In other words, in order
for a worldview to be truly credible and therefor livable, it will match the reality of what is
actually there or reality in its seen (phenomenal) and unseen (nawmenal) dimensions
What are the levels of application of a worldview?
abstractions, sociological application, eclectic level of selection, and conglomerate
intellectuals or individuals who are absorbed and preoccupied and ideas who routinely mediate
on metaphysical things, and those who attempt to answer the questions worldviews address;
also known as the stage of conceptualization, whereby concepts and ideas are blended into a
complex system of philosophical thought
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abstractions
this stage often consists of spirited revolutionaries and change-makers who are willing to invest
their lives, energies, and property to see such visions actualized. Such will formulate the vision
further, expand upon it, craft it into a more viable view, and then seek to apply it. For example, a
formative figure like Karl Marx would not have been as influential had Lenin not come along,
invested in Marx's analysis of economic life, and relationships and marketed it to the Russian
people
Sociological application
individuals who are privileged with the capacity to directly reach the hearts and minds of
students established under their instruction. These are academics and various lecturers,
university and college professors who pick and choose among prevailing worldviews to impart
to their students through lectures books and other available communication medium
Eclectic level of selection
most people do not have a consciously held consistent worldview which they have though
through and therefore, could propound, rather, they operate fragmentally on the basis of
contradictory bits and pieces (from such sources as family, culture, traditions, politicians, peers
at school, Hollywood, the media, church), or the basis of the prevailing worldviews.
conglomerate
Why are there transitions between intellectual traditions? In other words, why do these shifts
occur? Why do worldviews slowly fade in their attraction and staying power, and eventually
replaced by other worldviews?
If the presuppositions of a worldview cannot be applied in such a way that they supply lasting
answers, offer meaning and direction to life and withstand life's pressures, then shifts in
worldviews or paradigms will occur. A worldview is eclipsed by another when some inherent
weakness within it is discovered, an anomaly detected, and its response to the various life
questions are considered incomplete, insufficient, or inadequate, when this occurs, its
presuppositions are radically questions. (metaphor of a bridge)
List Ravi Zacharias' 5 key reasons why shifts occur in worldviews:
1.) lacks logical consistency (self-contradictory)
2.) lacks empirical adequacy (fails to match reality and lacks verifiability)
3.) lacks experiential relevance (abstract, and incapable of providing livable answered)
4.) lacks correspondence (fails to correspond to reality)
5.) lacks coherence (answers fail to intertwine to form a coherent belief system, or unified
whole)
List the main consequences of the reformation:
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~ western civilization would not exist as it exists today
~ broke the back of ecclesiastical absolutism, returning the institutionalized church toward the
power of divided authority and diffused power which, as we have discussed, is characteristic of
the Biblical Christianity view of the institutions
~ the restated and reapplied Biblical Christianity would become intellectually dominant in
Europe, temporarily derailing rationalistic renaissance humanism
~ It virtually obliterated Renaissance humanism in the north of Europe and it temporarily
derailed renaissance humanism in central and Northern Europe
~ In North America, the reformation provided the basis for the entire civilization: American
civilization, which later came to be the United States of America
What famous world did Aurelius Augustine write which dominated European Christendom for
close to 800 years?
"City of God"
The center of all things is God. God is the final authority. The Biblical Christian hold that God,
who has always been, is no, and will always be, reigns over all that exists, His rule is Spiritual in
that it includes the totality of all things, seen and unseen, temporal and eternal. God is supreme
and eternal. ("what is the really real? ...... "prime reality is the infinite, personal God revealed in
the Holy Scriptures. This God is Triune, transcendent and immanent, omniscient, sovereign and
good.) God's rule is supreme and His jurisdiction or lawful bounds of authority is complete and
encompasses every area of life which includes the seen and the unseen realms and incorporates
human behavior as well as human internal disposition and heart. God is the spiritual nature of
God's Kingdom includes his just rule over everything.
The Kingdom of God is Spiritual
Man is priest:
this priestly position God has granted to man must not be confused with the ecclesiastical office
of a Roman Catholic priest established to mediate man's salvation through a series of rituals and
work-based ceremonies; the priesthood of all believers claims that each individual person can
directly approach God on the basis of His atoning sacrifice of "the finished work of God in
Christ" through persona repentance and saving faith
Kingly status:
since humans, as male and female, has been made in God's image, they too are differentiated
form the rest of creation and elevated to a distinct place of authority and role. Every person
under God is a King
Man is prophet:
we tend to think of the Biblical view of man as prophet only in connection with the gift of
prophesy which the Holy Spirit gives to select individuals in order to disclose His purpose at
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particular times and places, or even, in the narrower sense of foretelling particular future
events. But what is meant by man as prophet is the reality that God lets us know. God gives
man knowledge of the truth. What, for the Biblical Christian, is the source of this knowledge
form God? The Bible. God is truth, and the Bible is God's revelation of Himself of what is in
verbal, propositional form.
There is no institutional interposition between God and man:
no institution can interpose itself between you and God claiming to save you, make you "good",
or render your righteous- your righteousness can only be mediated through the atoning
sacrifice of Christ as you exhibit repentance and saving faith. Salvation cannot be accomplished
through any institutional structure that positions itself as messianic or salvaic. No institution
should be absolutized or made the final reference point for life, or considered the means by
which all life's problems can be saved. ( Holy commonwealth)
Sovereignty of God:
~ the recognition that God is the ultimate
~ there is nothing higher than God, nothing beyond God, and nothing behind God
~ God is sovereign, not because he has been so declared by any person or group, but because of
who He is
Depravity of man:
~ man is not depraved because he has been so declared by any person or group, but because of
mans fallen condition
~ beginning and ending with himself, by taking thought/action; individually or corporately,
cannot deliver or remove himself form the dilemma into which he was born. He is rather wholly
dependent upon divine grace, the work and the will of God, for his deliverance.
What is the significance of the Dutch theologian Abraham Kuyper?
~ one of the most prominent Biblical Christian worldview proponents; best known for
articulating the sovereignty of God in every area of life
~ free university of Amsterdam
~ prime minister of Netherlands
~ he emphasized "sphere sovereignty" by stressing divine origin and dimension of social
institutions; including of course education, and their interconnectedness and unity under God's
authority
~ divided life into unique spheres each with its own sovereignty
~ lectured on Calvinism
What is jurisdiction?
The lawful use of lawful authority
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What is meant by the phrase "covenantal order"?
to acknowledge that God has not left man alone; it refers to the reality that God has reached
down to man and propositioned him; the Bible, in the final analysis, is imply propositional truth
(God reaching down to man)
How are covenants superior to contracts?
~ covenants incorporate non-negotiable truths. Objective principles, and axioms coordinated
with human nature and God's purposes
~ Covenants are God centered; vertical arrangement; begins with God reaching down to men
~ contracts are man centered; horizontal relationship; limited (God having been abandoned)
~ God Himself establishes the nature and content of covenants and testifies to covenantal
obligations and commitments by operating as the authority through whom all parties are
ultimately accountable
What is a covenant?
a covenant, by its very nature, represents an exalted and dignified approach to relationships
that assumes God to be the superior partner in, designer of, and initiator of, the relational
transaction. Covenants advance and cultivate the exaltation of God and his relational priorities
established by virtue of His creation and creative efforts; a covenant is a morally-informed
agreement or pact based upon voluntary consent and mutual oaths or promises, witnessed by
the relevant higher authority, between peoples or parties having independent though not
necessarily equal status, that provides for joint action or obligation to achieve defined ends
under conditions of mutual respect which protects the individual integrities of all the parties to
it. Every covenant involves consenting, promising, and agreeing
personal covenant:
God is propositioning every person; no person has lived in this age or will live in this age without
being propositioned by God. Thus, the personal covenant, God's propositioning man in his
personal life, is often referred to as the "covenant of grace", as it is by grace that man is saved
and made a covenant keeper with God-in-Christ. The personal covenant is propositionally
directed by God toward individuals to accept His saving grace and "be reconciled to Himself on
the basis of the finished work of God in Christ, for the Lamb of God was slain for the foundation
of the world". An individual's acceptance of the atoning sacrifice of Christ through repentance
and saving faith represents a covenantal agreement between God and that individual such that
God will would be personally actualized and accomplished in his/her heart and behavior
Ecclesiastical covenant:
the ecclesiastical covenant is corporate in nature and includes the body of individual believers
who have covenanted first personally with God. Here, the church as a corporate body, commits
itself to pursuing God's will in its ecclesiastical polity and policy. The recognition that the church,
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every grouping compromising the body of believers can know God and agree to do the full will
of God in their ecclesiastical affairs.
civil-social:
the recognition that man can know God and respond to God's provisions, agreeing to do the full
will of God in all civil-social relationships including the marriage covenant, the family covenant,
and the covenant of calling among other.
List the 2 fundamental biblical propositions relative to economics:
1.) The Biblical Christian believes in freedom of enterprise, with and important Biblical
qualification. The Biblical Christian recognizes that the marker is created by God and, as such, is
the primary mechanism for establishing prices and wages
2.) The Biblical Christian believes that God has ordained private property or private ownership.
The Biblical Christian believes in Private property in the sense of the stewardship of private
possessions under God.
What are the two fundamental biblical propositions relative to law and jurisdiction?
1.) God is the divine law giver: God Himself is the essence of absolute and ultimate law, which
he not only declares to mankind but imposes upon all creation. ( the origin of God's authority to
govern). Since God created all that exists for His purpose, He has the authority to govern in an
absolute way.
2.) Jurisprudence based upon absolute, transcendent law: if God is law, then absolute and
ultimate law is preexisting, by which is meant that it predates the creation of humans and civil
authority, the function of which is administer such law justly and equitably.
What is the institutional structure and procedure of Biblical Christianity?
The holy commonwealth and a covenantal arrangement
What is the biblical perspective on the structure and organization of civil government?
The Biblical Christian believes that government is a gift of God for the orderly procedure of man
in a fallen world.
Should civil government be limited or not? If limited, why?
Limited because Since God is indeed sovereign in the sense that He alone bears absolute and
complete authority, civil government as an institution, and civil magistrates as rulers, are
comprehended within God's sovereign rule. The duties that God has called every person to do
(walk with Him and love your neighbors as yourself) can only be fulfilled in an environment of
liberty secured through limited civil governments (unlike other ones where the authority is
institutionally centralized)~ federalism
Biblically speaking, what is the purpose of civil government?
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civil government has been ordained by God for oder and procedure in a fallen world to secure
an ordered liberty.
What is the biblical approach to international relations?
Sovereignty of the nation-state for national security and prevention of global tyranny
What sort of law system (legislation) and jurisprudence recognizes God as divine law-giver, the
existence of absolute law, and a pre-existing law order?
Absolute law
What is the Biblical perspective on economics?
Private property and free enterprise, both of which should not be absolutized; The Biblical
Christian believes that God has ordained private property or private ownership and the
stewardship of private possessions under God. Also, we believe that the market is created by
God, as such, is the primary mechanism for establishing prices and wages
Which form of economics best expresses God's perspective economically?
A free market economy
No society has existed without some form of
Government
Resolving conflicts over what society's priorities should be is the essence of
Politics
Political scientist Harold Lasswell defined politics as the process of determining
"Who gets what, when, and how" in a society
Government can best be defined as
The individuals and institutions that make society's rules and that also possess the power and
authority to enforce those rules
For a government to exercise authority, its power must be legitimate. In other words, its power
Is collectively recognized by society as legally and morally correct
In a(n) , the power and authority of the government era in the hands of a single person.
Autocracy
The divine right theory
Held that God gave those of royal birth the unlimited right to govern other men and women
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Most modern monarchies are constitutional monarchies, in which the monarch shares
government power with
Elected lawmakers
A dictatorship is a form of
Autocracy
The founders of the United States feared that a direct democracy
Would deteriorate into mob rule
A representative democracy is a system of government in which
The will of the majority is expressed through a smaller group of individuals elected by the
people to act on their behalf
In a presidential democracy, the lawmaking and law-enforcing branches of government are
Separate but equal
Natural rights are
Inherent within every man, woman, and child
John Locke was an English philosopher who argued that people are born with natural rights to
Life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness.
Which of the following is not a fundamental principle on which American democracy is based?
Economic equality
oppose government action to regulate the economy, just as they oppose government
involvement in issues of private morality.
Libertarians
In 176, the British Parliament passed the Act, which imposed the first direct tax on the
colonists.
Importation
Thomas Paine's classic pamphlet, , presented one of the most rousing arguments in favor
of independence.
Common Sense.
A confederation
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Is a voluntary association of independent states that are united only for the purpose of
achieving common goals.
Under the articles of Confederation
The passage of the Northwest Ordinance settled states' claim to western lands.
For the most part, the delegates to the Constitutional Convention were
From the best educated and wealthiest classes.
became known as the "Master Builder Of the Constitution."
James Madison
The Compromise, also known as the Great Compromise, called for a bicameral legislature
in which one chamber would be based on population and the other chamber would represent
each state equally.
Connecticut
To gain the necessary support for ratification of the new Constitution, the Federalists finally
promised to add
A Bill Of Rights
Implicity, the principle of limited government rests on the concept of
Popular Sovereignty.
In drafting the constitution, was the solution to debate over whether the national
government of the states should have ultimate sovereignty.
Federalism
Under the Madisonian Model, the powers of the national government were
Separated into different branches: the legislative, executive, and judicial
A major principle of American government, , was devised to ensure that no one group or
branch can exercise exclusive control.
Checks and Balances
The Constitution provides that a federal official who commits may be impeached by the
House of Representatives.
"Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors"
A federal official who is impeached by the House of Representatives is tried by the
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Senate
The battle over ratification of the Constitution was fought chiefly by two opposing groups, the
Federalists and Anti-Federalists
Since the Constitution was written, amendments have been introduced in Congress
More than eleven thousand.
The first Amendment of the Constitution states that
Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free
exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people
peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances.
is a system of shared sovereignty between two levels of government- one national and
one state.
Federalism
The power to establish courts is held
By both the national and state governments
One advantage of federalism in the United States is that state government can
Act as "laboratories" for public-policy experimentation
A system in which the national government can choose to delegate certain activities to
subnational units and can also choose to take away powers that have been delegated is a
Unitary system
The most common type of governmental unit in the United States is the
Special district
Article I, Section 8, of the Constitution enumerates twenty-seven powers that Congress may
exercise. Two of these powers are the powers to coin money and the power to regulate
interstate commerce
Expressed
The ability of the national government to regulate immigration is an example of its powers
Inherent
The constitution expressly prohibits the national government from
Imposing taxes on exports
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Powers that are not delegated to the national government by the Constitution, nor prohibited
to the states, are
reserved to the states, or to the people
An example of a concurrent power is the power to
Tax
For the constitutional framers, the appeal of federalism was that it retained state powers and
local traditions while establishing a strong national government capable of handling common
problems, such as
National defense
A requirement that a state provides a service or undertake some activity to meet standards
specified by a federal law is called a
Federal mandate
The constitutional provision in which gives Congress the power to make all laws "necessary and
proper" for the federal government to carry out its responsibilities is often referred to as the
clause
Elastic
The federal government has been able to exercise control over matters that have traditionally
been under the control of state governments, such as the minimum drinking age, by
Giving or withholding federal grant dollars.
The powers of a state to enact whatever laws are necessary to protect the health, morals,
safety, and welfare of its people are called powers
Police
The supremacy clause in Article VI of the constitution
Makes the constitution and federal laws superior to all conflicting state and local laws
The model in which every level of government is involved in implementing a policy is referred to
as federalism
Picket-fence.
Civil Liberties
Are individual rights protected by the constitution against the powers of the government.
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A(n) is an order requiring that an official bring a specified prisoner into court and show
the judge why the prisoner is being kept in jail
Writ of Habeas Corpus
A bill of attainder is a legislative act that
Directly punishes a specifically named individual (or a group of individuals) without a trial
A(n) punishes individuals or committing an act that was legal when it was committed but
that has since become a crime
Ex post facto law
The first eight amendments to the Constitution
Grant the people specific rights and liberties
A key function of the Bill of Rights is to protect
The rights of those in the minority against the will of the majority.
For many years, the court assumed the Bill of Rights limited only the actions of
governments.
The national
The due process clause guarantees that the government will
Not illegal or arbitrarily deprive a person of life, liberty, or property.
If a law or other governmental action limits a fundamental right, it will be held to violate
, unless it promotes a compelling or overriding state interest
Substantive due process
Congress is prohibited from declaring Protestantism to the be the official religion of the United
States by the Amendment
Establishment clause of the First
The supreme Court has ruled that public schools
Cannot sponsor religious activities
The Supreme Court
Has held unconstitutional state laws that forbid the teaching of evolution in schools
The three-part test used by the Supreme Court to determine whether government aid to
parochial schools is constitutional is called the test
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Lemon
Title VII of the Civil Rights act of 1964 requires employers to accommodate their employees'
religious practices unless such accommodation causes an employer to suffer an
Undue hardship
Since the 1960s, the Supreme Court has defined seditious speech to mean only
The advocacy of imminent and concrete acts of violence against the government
Commercial speech is
Protected by the first Amendment, but not as fully as regular speech.
If the Daily Gossip publishes something about a person that is untrue, with the intent of injuring
that person's reputation, and actual harm results, the Daily Gossip has engaged in
Libel
The Supreme Court developed a three-part test to define obscenity in
Miller V. California (1973)
According to the , any law that limits speech- a freedom essential to a democracy- should
be presumed unconstitutional unless the government can show that the law is absolutely
necessary
Preferred-position doctrine
In , the Supreme court held that the right to privacy is broad enough to encompass a
woman's decision to terminate a pregnancy, subject to certain regulations
Roe V. Wade (1973)
Cruel and unusual punishments are prohibited by the Amendment
Eighty
The Fifth amendment
guarantees the right to counsel at various stages in some criminal proceedings
The requires that any illegally obtained evidence inot be admissible in court
Exclusionary rule
The U.S. Supreme Court developed a series of statements informing criminal suspects of their
constitutional rights in
Miranda V. Arizona (1966)
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Generally, the term Civil Rights refers the rights of all Americans to equal treatment under the
law, as provided for by the Amendment to the Constitution
Fourteenth
Our First Amendment rights are considered
Fundamental Rights
A law based on a suspect classification is subject to scrutiny by the courts
Strict
Under the "intermediate-scrutiny" standard, a law based on gender classifications is permissible
if it is
"Substantially related to the achievement of an important governmental objective."
Few laws evaluated under the are found invalid, because few laws are truly unreasonable
Rational basis test
The Amendment states that voting rights could not be abridged on account of race
Fifteenth
"Jim Crow" laws
Separated the white community from the black community
The Supreme Court overturned the separate but equal doctrine in
Brown V. Board of Education of Topeka (1954)
Segregation that occurs because of laws or decisions by government agencies is
segregation
De Jure
Segregation that is not imposed by law but is the result of past social and economic conditions
and residential patterns is called segregation
De Facto
Discrimination in public places of accommodation and discrimination in employment were
outlawed by the
Civil Rights Act of 1964
The made it illegal to interfere with anyone's right to vote in any election held in this
country
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Voting Rights Act of 1965
was the first African American woman to hold the cabinet post of secretary of state.
Condoleeza Rice
Ronald Reagan appointed the first woman ever to sit on the Supreme Court, who was she?
Sandra Day O' Connor
Since the Equal Pay Act was enacted in 1963,
Women have continued to face wage discrimination
The Supreme Court have ruled that creating a hostile environment by sexual harassment
violates Title VII of the Civil Rights act
Even when the victim's job status is not affected
In Oncale V. Sundowner Offshore Services (1998), the Supreme Court made it clear that sexual
harassment
Includes harassment by members of the same sex
Who is the largest ethnic minority in the United States?
Hispanics
Most Hispanics living in the United States are from
Mexico
The Age Discrimination in Employment Act prohibits the employers, employment agencies, and
labor organizations from discriminating against individuals over the age of on the basis of
age?
Forty
The requires that all public buildings and public services be accessible to person with
disabilities.
Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990
In Romer V. Evans (1996), the Supreme Court held that a Colorado amendment that would have
invalidated all state and local laws protecting homosexuals from discrimination
Violated the equal protection clause of the Constitution
In Regents of the University of California V. Bakke (1978), Allan Bakke claimed that he was a
victim of
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Reverse discrimination
In a 1996 case, Hopwoof V. State of Texas, a federal appellate court held that the admissions
program at the University of Texas School of Law violated the equal protection clause because it
Discrimination in favor of minority applicants
In Grutter V. Bollinger (2003), the Supreme Court held that the University of Michigan's Law
School's admissions policy was constitutional because
It did not apply a mechanical formula giving "diversity bonuses" based on race or ethnicity
The National Security Entry Exit Registration System
Requires foreign visitors from specific countries, most of them in the Middle East, to report to a
U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Service office to register.
The problem is a difficulty faced by interest groups that lobby for a public good
Free rider
According to the pluralist theory of American democracy, politics is a contest among various
Interest groups
Pluralists maintain that the influence of interest groups on government is not undemocratic,
because
Individuals interests are indirectly represented in the policy making process through these
groups.
True or false, interest groups are often policy specialists?
True
The American Civil Liberties Union is an example of a
Public Interest Group
Trade organizations
Usually support policies that benefit specific industries
The American Medical Association and the American Political Science Association are examples
of interest groups
Professional
Which of the following is a direct lobbying technique used by interest groups to influence public
policy?
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Providing expertise and research results for legislators
Federal laws governing campaign financing have allowed corporations, labor unions, and special
interest groups to raise funds and make campaign contributions through commitees
Political action
Which of the following is an indirect technique used to influence public policy
Mobilizing constitutes.
It has become increasingly common for those who leave positions with the federal government
to become lobbyists or consultants for the private interest groups they helped to regulate. This
is referred to as the syndrome.
Revolving Door
The Lobbying Disclosure Act of 1995
Requires lobbyists to report their clients, the issues on which they lobbied, and the agency or
chamber of congress they contacted
The Federalist Party
Argued against ratification of the Constitution
The First Republican president was
Abraham Lincoln
The United States has a two-party system. This means that
Two major parties dominate national politics
Which of the following statements is not accurate?
The electoral college system provides a third-party candidate with a strong incentive to run for
president
Currently, all congressional districts are single-member districts, which means that
Voters elect one member from their district to the House of Representatives.
The party in the electorate consists of
All of those people who describe themselves as Democrats or Republicans
In the United States, political party registration
Can be changed at will
The party platform
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Represents the official party position on various issues
To be a member of a political party in the United States, a citizen
Has only to think himself or herself as a Democrat or Republican (or a member of a third party)
Which of the following is not a reason why people in the United States join political parties?
To be allowed to vote
Such factors as influence party identification
Race, age, income, education, marital status, and geography
National conventions are
Meetings held by each major party every four years to select presidential and vice-presidential
candidates
Most people acquire their political attitudes, opinions, beliefs, and knowledge through a
complex learning process called political
Socialization
Political Socialization usually begins during
Early childhood
The family's influence in political socialization is important because
A child first sees the political world through the eyes of his or her family
Which of the following media has the greatest influence on political socialization?
Television
The sample in which each person within the entire population being polled has an equal chance
of being chose is known as what type of sample?
Random
In the United States today, citizens who are at least years of age have the right to vote
Eighteen
The Twenty-Fourth Amendment to the Constitution outlawed in national elections
Poll Taxes
Literacy Tests
Were used in many southern states to restrict African American participation in elections
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In most states, voters are required to before voting
Register with the appropriate state or local officials
The requires states to provide all eligible citizens with the opportunity to register to vote
National Voter Registration Act of 1993
For established voters, is one of the most important and lasting predictors of how a
person will vote
Party identification
Among the factors affecting voter turnout, appears to be the most important
Education
are representatives from each political party who are allowed to minor polling places to
make sure the election is run fairly and to avoid fraud
Poll watchers
Each state has as many elector votes as it has
U.S. Senators and Representatives
A delegate is
A person selected to represent the people of one geographic area at a party convention
In a primary, only party members can vote to choose that party's candidates, and they may
vote only in the primary of their own party
Closed
For the general election campaign, presidential candidates receive federal funding for almost all
of their expenses if they are willing to
Accept campaign-spending limits
Under the Federal Election Campaign Act, there is no limit on the total amount of PAC
contributions during an election cycle
No
In the 2008 presidential elections,
The democratic Party won control of all three branches of the government.
The first televised presidential debate took places in
1960, between Kennedy and Nixon
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In televised news reporting, a brief comment, lasting for only a few seconds that captures a
thought or a perspective and has an immediate impact on the viewers is referred to as a
Sound bite
An ad is a negative political advertisement that discredits the character of an opposing
candidate
Attack
A negative ad focuses on flaws in an opposing candidate's position on a particular topic
Issue
A political candidate's press advisers try to convince reporters to give a story or event
concerning the candidate a (as it has come to be called), or interpretation, that is
favorable to the candidate
Spin
Candidate's campaign managers and political consultants have shown increasing sophistication
in creating newsworthy events for journalists to cover, an effort commonly referred to as
Managed news coverage
Ever since held his "fireside chats" on radio, politicians have realized the power of radio.
Franklin D. Roosevelt
Terms in this set (51)
Original
Alphabetical
A special law passed for the purpose of punishing a certain person without a trial is called:
A. Ex Post Facto Laws.
B. Writ of Mandamus.
C. Sine Qua Non.
D. Quid Pro Quo.
E. None of the above.
E. None of the above.
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According to the New Jersey Plan, how was representation structured in Congress?
A. there would be population-based representation in both houses.
B. There would be one house, with states having equal representation therein.
C. States were to have equal representation in one house and population-based representation
in the other.
D. There would be only one house, with representation based on population.
B. There would be one house, with states having equal representation therein.
The Constitution is divided among three branches of government because
A. the founding fathers wished to insure plenty of important positions for themselves.
B. separation of powers made tyranny difficult.
C. the founding fathers lacked the practical experience to see the awkwardness of the system
they had created.
D. this is the most efficient way to organize government.
B. separation of powers made tyranny difficult.
The Constitution created a two chamber legislature because
A. the framers admired the bi-cameral British system.
B. the two chambers were given very different and distinct powers.
C. it feared that just one chamber could not handle the volume of government business that
was anticipated.
D. it allowed for compromise between those who believed all states should be equal and those
who insisted that a state's representation should be based on population.
D. it allowed for compromise between those who believed all states should be equal and those
who insisted that a state's representation should be based on population.
The system of checks and balances is illustrated by the power of the legislature to
A. issue injunctions.
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B. grant pardons.
C. veto legislation.
D. impeach.
D. impeach.
The system of government in which power is divided between the state and national
governments is called
A. federalism.
B. unitarism.
C. pluralism.
D. functionalism.
A. federalism.
Most proposals for legislation originate with the
A. House of Representatives.
B. Senate.
C. Congress.
D. president.
D. president.
The principles of separation of powers and checks and balances originated with
A. Machiavelli.
B. Rousseau.
C. Montesquieu.
D. Voltaire.
C. Montesquieu.
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The Legislative Branch is established in
A. Article I.
B. Article II.
C. Article III.
D. Article IV.
A. Article I.
Another name for the elastic clause is
A. enumerated powers.
B. judicial review.
C. the commerce clause.
D. the necessary and proper clause.
D. the necessary and proper clause.
Federal judges are appointed by the president and approved by the Senate for a term of
A. eight years.
B. four years.
C. two years.
D. life.
D. life.
The authority of a court to review the acts of the legislature, executive, or the states to
determine their constitutionality is called
A. separation of powers.
B. judicial interpretation.
C. judicial review.
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D. judicial independence.
C. judicial review.
The full faith and credit clause can be found in
A. Article IV.
B. Article VII.
C. the Bill of Rights.
D. the Preamble.
A. Article IV.
The first capital of the United States was
A. Philadelphia.
B. New York City.
C. Boston.
D. Washington, DC.
B. New York City.
Article VI is also known as the
A. Commerce Clause.
B. Supremacy Clause.
C. Elastic Clause.
D. Equal Faith and Credit Clause.
B. Supremacy Clause.
Once the Constitutional Convention was completed, the drive for ratification in the states
began. Those who favored ratification were known as
A. Democrats.
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B. Republicans.
C. Anti-Federalists.
D. Federalists.
D. Federalists.
Once the Constitutional Convention was completed, the drive for ratification in the states
began. Those who favored strong states and a weak national government, and thus opposed
ratification, were called
A. Democrats.
B. Republicans.
C. Anti-Federalists.
D. Federalists.
C. Anti-Federalists.
A series of 85 political papers written by John Jay, Alexander Hamilton, and James Madison in
support of ratification were called the
A. Pennsylvania Packet.
B. Federalist Papers.
C. Anti-Federalist Papers.
D. Ratification Debates.
B. Federalist Papers.
The Anti-Federalists demanded a series of amendments to the Constitution to protect individual
liberties. They were adopted in 1791 and are known as
A. libertarian amendments.
B. Anti-Federalist amendments.
C. the Bill of Rights.
D. checks and balances.
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C. the Bill of Rights.
The Madison Amendment that prohibits Congress from raising their own salaries during the
term of Congress was passed many years after it was proposed. It is also known as the
Amendment.
A. 10th
B. 17th
C. 21st
D. 27th
D. 27th
Among the provisions of the Articles of Confederation were all of the following EXCEPT:
A. states had all powers not actually granted to Congress.
B. creation of a judicial, but not an executive branch.
C. each state had one vote in Congress
D. Congress could not levy taxes.
B. creation of a judicial, but not an executive branch.
The Constitutional Convention met in Philadelphia in 1787 for the purpose of:
A. electing a president of the U.S.
B. framing the Bill of Rights
C. replacing the Articles of Confederation.
D. revising the Articles of Confederation.
E. discussing the subject of slavery.
D. revising the Articles of Confederation.
The New Jersey Plan proposed at the 1787 Constitutional Convention:
A. was accepted by the Convention as the basis for the U.S. Constitution.
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B. proposed a weak national government.
C. proposed to protect rights of smaller states.
D. proposed that Congress be made up of two houses.
C. proposed to protect rights of smaller states.
An amendment to the Constitution can be proposed by the:
A. President
B. Supreme Court
C. Congress
D. electorate
E. none of the above.
C. Congress
To be ratified, a proposed amendment to the Constitution must be approved by:
A. two-thirds of each house of Congress.
B. three-quarters of the state legislatures.
C. a majority of the electorate.
D. three-fourths of the electorate in all states.
B. three-quarters of the state legislatures.
The net result of the Great Compromise was the:
A. balancing of the interest of the central government with state interests.
B. reconciliation of large and small state interests.
C. settling of the colonists' financial obligations to England.
D. settlement of the slavery issue among the colonies.
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B. reconciliation of large and small state interests.
Our founding fathers were influenced by:
A. John Locke's machine theory of government.
B. Karl Marx' "Das Kapital".
C. Margaret Mitchell's "Gone With The Wind".
D. Thomas Hobbes' "Leviathan"
E. The Bible.
A. John Locke's machine theory of government.
The Declaration of Independence set forth the American Creed which stressed
A. the rights of the people
B. equality under the law.
C. limited government.
D. all of the above.
D. all of the above.
Who is frequently called "the father of the Constitution"?
A. Alexander Hamilton
B. Benjamin Franklin
C. James Madison
D. John Adams
C. James Madison
Article II of the Constitution is concerned with
A. Congress.
B. the executive.
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C. the judiciary.
D. the states.
B. the executive.
Section 13 of the Federal Judiciary Act of 1789:
A. Authorizes the Supreme Court to issue a writ of mandamus.
B. Authorizes the Supreme Court to question a writ of mandamus.
C. Declares James Madison as Justice of the Peace in the District of Columbia.
D. Declares Congressional acts invalid.
E. Declares Congressional acts valid.
A. Authorizes the Supreme Court to issue a writ of mandamus.
Article III of the Constitution is concerned with
A. the judiciary.
B. the states.
C. Congress.
D. the executive.
A. the judiciary.
What is the major premise of the Declaration of Independence?
A. The people have a right to revolt if government is destroying legitimate rights.
B. The government should consist of legislative, executive, and judicial branches.
C. The national laws take precedence over state laws.
D. Government is best controlled by a system of checks and balances.
A. The people have a right to revolt if government is destroying legitimate rights.
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34. The Virginia Plan called for
a. a single-house legislature to be chosen by popular vote
b. a national excutive to be elected by the legislature
c. a national judiciary to be chosen by the executive
d. counted slaves as three-fifths of a person for purposes of representation in the House
e. all of the above
b. a national excutive to be elected by the legislature
In the historic case of Marbury v. Madison (1803), the United States Supreme Court
a. mandated the Congress pass a Bill of Rights
b. declared that the slave trade was legal until 1808
c. established its power to declare acts of Congress unconstitutional
d. interpreted the "elastic clause"
e. held that the Alien and Sedition Acts were unconstitutional
c. established its power to declare acts of Congress unconstitutional
In his historic decision in the case of McCulloch v. Maryland (1819), Chief Justice Marshall
established the principle of
a. shared powers
b. due process
c. flexible construction of the Constitution
d. judicial review
e. legislative veto
c. flexible construction of the Constitution
The Fourteenth Amendment
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a. gave citizenship to former slaves
b. contains the due process clause
c. contains the equal protection clause
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
d. all of the above
Passed in 1992, the Twenty-seventh Amendment
a. balanced the federal budget
b. specifies that any vote by Congress to increase congressional salaries cannot take effect until
after the next Congress is elected
c. limited the terms of senators and representatives to twelve years
d. prohibited flag desecration
e. lowered the voting age to the age of eighteen
b. specifies that any vote by Congress to increase congressional salaries cannot take effect until
after the next Congress is elected
The Virginia Plan called for a national system with
A. strong state governments and a slightly stronger central government.
B. a single legislature with representation by population.
C. a strong central government and a bicameral legislature.
D. equality among the states.
C. a strong central government and a bicameral legislature.
What was the last state (original colonies) to ratify the Constitution?
A. Virginia
B. New York
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C. Delaware
D. Rhode Island
E. Hawaii
D. Rhode Island
How many amendments have been ratified by Constitutional Convention in three-fourths of the
states?
A. Four
B. Ten
C. None
D. One
A. Four
The most frequently used formal method of amending the Constitution is
A. proposal by two-thirds of the state legislatures, which petition Congress to call a
constitutional convention, which in turn pass the proposal; ratification by a special ratifying
convention in three-fourths of the states.
B. proposal by two-thirds of the state legislatures, petitioning Congress to call a constitutional
convention, which in turn passes the proposal; ratification by three-fourths of the state
legislatures.
C. proposal by a two-thirds vote of both congressional houses; ratification by a special
convention in three-fourths of the states.
D. proposal by a two thirds vote of both houses of Congress; ratification by three-fourths of the
state legislatures.
D. proposal by a two thirds vote of both houses of Congress; ratification by three-fourths of the
state legislatures.
Generally speaking, which of the states were favored by the Virginia Plan?
A. Larger states
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B. Those states with the strongest governors
C. Smaller states
D. All states would benefit equally
A. Larger states
Which states were most likely to benefit from the New Jersey Plan?
A. Smaller states
B. All states would benefit equally
C. Larger states
D. Those states with the strongest governors
A. Smaller states
The Great Compromise provided for a
A. two-chamber legislature with equal representation for all states.
B. two-chamber legislature with representation equal for all states in one chamber, and
according to population in the other.
C. two-chamber legislature with representation based on population.
D. one-chamber legislature with representation based on population.
B. two-chamber legislature with representation equal for all states in one chamber, and
according to population in the other.
Preceding the Philadelphia Convention of 1787 was the one held the previous year at
A. Mt. Vernon
B. Monticello
C. New York
D. Annapolis
D. Annapolis
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A major function of a constitution is to :
A. limit corporate power
B. permit extensive governmental power
C. establish the organizational framework for governing institutions
D. prohibit socialism
C. establish the organizational framework for governing institutions
The thesis that the founding fathers wrote the new Constitution primarily to protect their
property rights was advanced by:
A. Charles Lindblom
B. Adam Smith
C. James Harrington
D. John Kenneth Galbraith
E. none of the above
E. none of the above
Which of the following is not an example of checks and balances:
A. the presidential veto.
B. the congressional power to vote against presidential appointments.
C. Supreme Court invalidation of unconstitutional laws.
D. the right of the president to invalidate treaties made by the House of Representatives.
E. A and C.
D. the right of the president to invalidate treaties made by the House of Representatives.
In MARBURY V. MADISON, the Supreme Court decided that:
A. judicial commissions were a right, not a privilege.
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B. Marshall should not have signed the commission.
C. Madison must deliver the commission
D. a provision of the 1801 Law was unconstitutional.
E. none of the above.
E. none of the above.
The Constitution requires that which of the following "take care that the laws are faithfully
executed"?
A. Congress
B. The Supreme Court
C. The president
D. Police Officers
C. The president
Terms in this set (47)
Original
Alphabetical
According to David Easton, the main function of government is to:
A. provide social order, national security, and public goods.
B. levy tax on people to run the political system.
C. allocate authoritatively values for a whole society.
D. guarantee constitutional rights.
C. allocate authoritatively values for a whole society.
The assignment of law-making, law-enforcing, and law-interpreting functions to independent
branches of the government is called
A. checks and balances.
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B. implied powers.
C. enumerated powers.
D. separation of powers
D. separation of powers
Laws, regulations, policies, and decisions are:
A. the demands of a political system.
B. the supports of a political system.
C. the inputs of a political system.
D. the outputs of a political system.
D. the outputs of a political system.
Which one of the following is not correct about the theory of communism?
A. The economy in communist countries is centrally planned.
B. The ideology and communist party play an important role in the society.
C. The government will be eliminated and replaced by a classless society.
D. The main purpose of the communist countries is a political equality for all the citizens.
D. The main purpose of the communist countries is a political equality for all the citizens.
Which one of the following statements is correct?
A. The author of Political System is Benito Mussolini.
B. The author of Das Kapital is Adolf Hitler.
C. The author of Mein Kampf is David Easton.
D. The author of Two Treatises on Government is James Harrington.
E. None of the above.
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E. None of the above.
In 2000, African-Americans account for approximately percent of the American
population.
A. 25.8
B. 20.1
C. 16.5
D. 12.7
D. 12.7
By 2050, it is estimated that the largest minority group in the United States will be
A. Hispanics.
B. African Americans.
C. Asians.
D. Whites.
A. Hispanics.
In 1997, 54 percent of Americans said that the ideal family size was children.
A. no
B. 0-2
C. 3-4
D. 4 or more
B. 0-2
In the 1840s, there were a number of people opposed to the immigration of Roman Catholics to
the U.S. Many of these people got together and formed the
A. Know Nothing Party.
B. Populist Party.
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C. Elitist Party.
D. Prohibition Party.
A. Know Nothing Party.
Conservatives believe that
A. government should guarantee individual rights.
B. activist government is often necessary.
C. government should only provide for defense and little else.
D. there should be less government.
D. there should be less government.
The more or less consistent set of values that are reflected in the political, economic, social, and
moral order of society are called
A. political theory.
B. political ideology.
C. sociology.
D. dogma.
B. political ideology.
Which of the following favors government ownership of basic industries and a strong
government role in directing the economy?
A. Capitalism
B. Socialism
C. Totalitarianism
D. Libertarianism
B. Socialism
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The population of the United States in 2000 was million.
A. 203
B. 244
C. 275
D. 287
C. 275
In 2000, percent of American households had computers.
A. 23
B. 34
C. 45
D. 50
D. 50
In 2000, percent of Americans were college graduates.
A. 55
B. 44
C. 33
D. 27
D. 27
One 1998 poll conducted by the Pew Charitable Trust found that percent of
Americans thought most politicians were crooks.
A. 80
B. 60
C. 40
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D. 20
C. 40
The single biggest reason Americans gave for not voting in a 1996 Census Bureau Report was
that
A. the choices were numbing.
B. they just didn't care.
C. it wouldn't matter anyway.
D. they didn't have enough time to vote.
D. they didn't have enough time to vote.
It is important to remember that politics often involve
A. conflict over ideology.
B. a static element.
C. consensus and accord.
D. all of the above.
A. conflict over ideology.
Our system of government often changes in response to
A. simple pressure.
B. political ideology.
C. crises.
D. none of the above.
C. crises.
The House and Senate in 1994 and 1996 experienced unprecedented numbers of retirements
due to
A. voter apathy.
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B. the cost of campaigning.
C. higher salaries in the private sector.
D. the lack of a middle ground in American politics.
D. the lack of a middle ground in American politics.
Each person having the same chance to succeed in life is called
A. equality of outcome.
B. equality of opportunity.
C. political equality.
D. social order.
B. equality of opportunity.
Coup d'etat means:
A. Toppling civilian government by the clergy.
B. Toppling civilian government by the technocrats.
C. Toppling civilian government by the bureaucrats.
D. Toppling civilian government by socialists.
E. Toppling civilian government by the military officers.
E. Toppling civilian government by the military officers.
Texas is a semi-independent state and has the right to make its own laws. Which of these laws
could it not make?
A. Drinking age laws
B. Capital punishment
C. Sales tax
D. Foreign policy
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E. Seat belt laws
D. Foreign policy
Socialism is:
A. An economic system that has no organized rule
B. A government system that communist countries use
C. An economic system that allows competition in business
D. An economic system for communism
E. An economic system that is based on private ownership
D. An economic system for communism
Democracy is meaningless without
A. A federal form of government
B. Freedom of speech
C. President and Congress
D. Freedom of education
E. Supreme Court and President
B. Freedom of speech
Theocracy is the form of government that is
A. ruled by religious authorities
B. ruled by one person
C. ruled by military personnel
D. ruled by an elitist group
A. ruled by religious authorities
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David Easton stated in his work, The Political System, 1953, that two kinds of political inputs are:
A. Pressure and bribery
B. Demand and support
C. Political action committees and political parties
D. Voting and impeachment
B. Demand and support
Laissez-faire is:
A. French for lazy fairy.
B. An economic doctrine which says that government should not regulate the industry.
C. An economic doctrine which says that government should regulate the industry.
D. Taking from one to give to another.
E. French for life is fair
B. An economic doctrine which says that government should not regulate the industry.
The ability to cause others to modify behavior and to conform is
A. compliance
B. legitimacy
C. political power
D. politics
C. political power
Nazi Germany would be an example of a government.
A. totalitarian
B. libertarian
C. communist
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D. socialist
A. totalitarian
In most societies, government is
A. based on a form of democracy.
B. not relevant to the average person in his or her daily activity.
C. the ultimate authority which allocates values.
D. formulated by individuals formally trained in the United States.
C. the ultimate authority which allocates values.
Our founding fathers were influenced by:
A. John Locke's machine theory of government.
B. Karl Marx' "Das Kapital".
C. Margaret Mitchell's "Gone With The Wind".
D. Thomas Hobbes' "Leviathan"
E. The Bible.
A. John Locke's machine theory of government.
According to most scholars, how many countries around the world can be considered
democracies?
A. Twenty-five
B. Forty-three
C. One hundred seventy
D. Eleven
A. Twenty-five
In early Greek writings, demos referred to
lOMoARcPSD|268163 03
A. the army.
B. political parties.
C. the common people.
D. royalty.
C. the common people.
Anarchism and Totalitarianism
A. are commonly found systems of government.
B. have large numbers of adherents, but are not currently practiced in any nation.
C. are useful as theoretical framework to discuss the different types of political systems.
D. represent similar degrees of government action.
C. are useful as theoretical framework to discuss the different types of political systems.
Which of the following offers the most favorable climate for free enterprise?
A. Communism
B. Socialism
C. Capitalism
D. Totalitarianism
C. Capitalism
The effectiveness of a country's democracy is dependent of
A. formal procedures alone.
B. formal procedures and the existence of basic freedoms.
C. formal procedures, basic freedoms, and knowledgeable participation of its citizenry.
D. None of the above.
C. formal procedures, basic freedoms, and knowledgeable participation of its citizenry.
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The major reason that direct democracy is rarely practiced in modern societies is
A. representative democracy is more responsive to majority wishes.
B. most modern societies are dominated by oligarchies.
C. their large size and population makes assembling the citizens impossible.
D. citizens of democracies rarely show an interest in politics.
C. their large size and population makes assembling the citizens impossible.
Representative democracy is:
A. In widespread use over the world today.
B. Practiced in only a relatively small number of nations.
C. Practiced more in Eastern Europe than Western Europe.
D. Gradually losing popularity in favor of direct participation.
B. Practiced in only a relatively small number of nations.
Which of the following is typically associated with socialism?
A. Montesquieu
B. Thomas Hobbes
C. John Locke
D. Karl Marx
E. Charles Beard
D. Karl Marx
Services that benefit all citizens but are not likely to be produced by voluntary acts of individuals
are
A. communistic.
B. public goods.
C. private benefits.
D. social welfare.
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B. public goods.
Capitalism can best be described as...
A. a system guaranteeing rights of speech and political participation.
B. an economic system in which the means of production is owned by the state.
C. an economic system in which production and property are privately owned, with a minimum
of government interference.
D. a system in which the use of property is controlled by majority will.
C. an economic system in which production and property are privately owned, with a minimum
of government interference.
Education, sanitation, and highways are examples of a governments efforts to
A. provide public goods.
B. maintain order.
C. promote equality.
D. redistribute wealth.
A. provide public goods.
A political system in which one individual has the power to make all important decisions is
called .
A. an oligarchy.
B. an autocracy.
C. a democracy.
D. an aristocracy.
B. an autocracy.
A monarchy is a type of government that
A. has a one house legislative branch.
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B. the supreme power of the state is exercised by one person.
C. allows a great amount of participation by the populace.
D. exists in most countries today.
B. the supreme power of the state is exercised by one person.
Most political scientists view the American political system as...
A. a representative democracy
B. a combination of aristocracy and constitutional monarchy.
C. the basic pattern for all political systems created after the start of the 20th century.
D. the most dominant type of government in the world today.
A. a representative democracy
A republican form of government refers to
A. a party that is in control of at least one house of Congress.
B. a government that operates through elected representatives of the people.
C. a government that operates on the principle that only a small percentage of the populace is
capable of participating in government.
D. the type of government the United States had from the Civil War until the election of 1932.
B. a government that operates through elected representatives of the people.
