Book Application: Leading With Cultural Intelligence
Aaron T. Hamer
GLST650: Intercultural Communication (D01)
April 28, 2024
Contents
Introduction...............................................................................................................................1
Critical Review and Thesis......................................................................................................2
Lesson: My Motivation and Its Impact on CQ Drive............................................................4
Lesson: Developing Cultural Intelligence Through Culture’s Role.....................................6
Lesson: Developing a CQ Strategy as a Being vs. Doing Leader.........................................7
Lesson: Recognizing the Cultural Values We Seek to Reach................................................9
Lesson: Develop CQ Action Goals..........................................................................................10
Conclusion.................................................................................................................................11
Bibliography..............................................................................................................................14
i
i
Introduction
David Livermore's book, "Leading With Cultural Intelligence: The Real Secret to
Success," offers a transformative methodology to developing cultural intelligence that is both
insightful and remarkably practical. In a world that is becoming increasingly diverse, adapting
and learning from different cultures is essential for success, especially for leaders looking to
communicate and collaborate effectively across various backgrounds. Livermore's book provides
readers with tangible strategies and tools to enhance their cultural intelligence, emphasizing the
crucial components of motivation, knowledge about other cultures, strategic planning, and
proactive actions.1 These strategies are theoretical concepts and actionable steps that individuals
can implement in real-world scenarios, enabling them to enhance their cultural intelligence.
As the book unfolds, Livermore highlights the transformative power of self-awareness in
cultivating cultural intelligence.2 He underscores the significance of understanding one's cultural
biases and beliefs, a process that can be challenging but is also profoundly rewarding. This
journey of self-awareness and cultural knowledge pushes individuals to seek a deeper
understanding of themselves and others, leading to more authentic and impactful relationships.3
Livermore's emphasis on self-awareness as a key to cultural intelligence underscores its value
and benefits in navigating intercultural interactions with empathy and openness.
Livermore's book goes beyond theoretical concepts and guides practical communication
______________________
1 David Livermore,6Leading with Cultural Intelligence: The Real Secret to Success, 2nd
ed. (New York, NY: AMACOM, 2015), xi.
2 Ibid., 40.
3 Ibid., 80.
1
and behavior adjustment.4 He stresses the importance of taking purposeful actions based on
understanding other cultures, moving beyond mere knowledge to actively adjusting behaviors to
establish effective relationships across cultural boundaries. Livermore equips readers with
practical guidance on navigating diverse cross-cultural situations by highlighting the significance
of verbal and nonverbal communication.5 His emphasis on applying insights and understanding
in real-world settings to bolster cultural intelligence makes his book a valuable resource for those
navigating leadership in diverse cultural environments for years to come.6
Livermore's engaging writing style, filled with real-world examples, establishes this book
as an invaluable tool for leaders, managers, and individuals aiming to improve their cultural
competence. Livermore's approach challenges readers to cultivate a robust sense of cultural
intelligence and equips them with the essential skills needed to succeed in a diverse and globally
interconnected society.
Critical Review and Thesis
In his book "Leading with Cultural Intelligence: The Real Secret to Success," Livermore
presents a compelling argument for the criticality of cultural intelligence in today's world..7
Drawing on expertise from seventy nations, Livermore challenges conventional methods and
strives to empower readers with the ability to maneuver through diverse cultural environments
effectively.8 Emphasizing that most individuals can acquire cultural intelligence, Livermore
______________________
4 Ibid., 157.
5 Ibid., 82.
6 Ibid., 90.
7 Ibid., 14.
8 Ibid., 13.
2
offers a pragmatic and evidence-based approach to comprehending and interacting with various
cultures.
Livermore delves into cultural intelligence's significance in leadership in the three parts
of his book - Cultural Intelligence of Global Leaders, Developing Cultural Intelligence, and
Leveraging Cultural Intelligence. Drawing on his own experiences and accounts from others, he
explores the challenges and opportunities of multicultural communication in today's globalized
society. From addressing diverse markets to attracting top talent for a multicultural workforce,
Livermore sheds light on executives' pressing issues and debunks common global leadership
myths.10
Livermore's thesis that "leadership today is a multicultural challenge" resonates strongly
throughout the book. He aptly captures the complexities and rewards of engaging with diverse
cultures, highlighting the need for leaders to cultivate a strong sense of CQ Strategy and CQ
Action.11 By being honest and recognizing and overcoming our biases and prejudices, leaders can
effectively navigate multicultural environments and enhance their ability to share the unchanging
Gospel with different cultural groups.12
The book offers a balanced approach to addressing multicultural challenges,
demonstrating patience to avoid oversimplified or extreme solutions.1 Livermore advocates using
the capabilities of cultural intelligence—Drive, Knowledge, Strategy, and Action—to
______________________
9 Ibid., iv.
10 Ibid., 17.
11 Ibid., 181.
12 Ibid., 49.
13 Ibid., 143.
3
navigate cultural barriers and foster meaningful cross-cultural relationships. Through his
emphasis on the criticality of learning and growth in leadership, Livermore provides a valuable
resource for those seeking to enhance their cultural competence and positively impact the diverse
settings they encounter.14
Livermore's book is a thought-provoking and insightful guide for developing cultural
intelligence in leadership roles. Livermore kits leaders with the instruments to succeed in a
multicultural world through practical strategies, examples, and a research-based framework.
"Leading with Cultural Intelligence: The Real Secret to Success" is a valuable resource for
leaders, missionaries, and individuals looking to navigate the intricacies of cultural diversity with
empathy, understanding, and proficiency.
Lesson: Motivation and Its Impact on CQ Drive
Livermore emphasizes the crucial role of motivation in developing one's Cultural
Intelligence (CQ) Drive.15 Based on the CQ assessment administered by The Cultural
Intelligence Center, individuals demonstrating an increased CQ Drive show motivation to learn
and adjust to novel and varied cultural environments. While this assessment highlights the
importance of confidence in adaptive abilities, personal motivation can also stem from a deeper
source.
For many evangelists, the greatest motivation comes from witnessing the transformative
power of God within individuals who have never experienced Him before.16 Seeing individuals
open their hearts to the unchanging God, leading to profound life changes, is a powerful
______________________
14 Ibid., 36.
15 Ibid., 44.
16 Ibid., 62.
4
motivating force. Livermore aptly describes this as viewing CQ Drive as something more
significant than us, aligning our existence with purposes beyond our interests.
When examining how motivation influences CQ Drive, it becomes apparent that the
significance of one's drive cannot be understated.17 A strong desire to understand cultural
differences and communicate effectively with individuals from various backgrounds is crucial
for successful cross-cultural interactions. High motivation on the CQ Drive enables individuals
to delve deeply into the complexities of other cultures, paving the way for impactful
communication and relationship-building.18
Understanding the direct correlation between motivation and effectiveness in adapting
cross-culturally underscores the critical nature of CQ Drive. A high level of motivation can drive
individuals to engage more efficiently in planning and executing cross-cultural interactions,
particularly when sharing beliefs or values like the Gospel of Jesus. By maintaining a solid
confidence level rooted in love for others and a genuine desire to connect with different cultures,
individuals can enhance their effectiveness in communicating and fostering understanding.19
Reflecting on the importance of motivation in shaping CQ Drive is a valuable reminder to
maintain a deep-seated enthusiasm for learning about other cultures and respectfully sharing
impactful messages. Individuals can approach cross-cultural interactions with authenticity,
empathy, and a genuine commitment to bridging cultural divides by prioritizing motivation as a
driving force behind Cultural Intelligence. Ultimately, a high level of motivation on the CQ
Drive enables individuals to fulfill their purpose and make a meaningful impact in their ministry
______________________
17 Ibid., 69.
18 Ibid., 64.
19 Ibid., 51.
5
or leadership journey.
Lesson: Developing Cultural Intelligence Through Culture's Role
In chapter 4 of the book, Livermore establishes the construct of developing Cultural
Intelligence (CQ) through understanding culture's role, particularly in CQ Knowledge. The
chapter emphasizes that enhancing CQ knowledge opens with recognizing the pervasive
influences of culture on our thoughts, words, and actions.20 Culture encompasses a group's
beliefs, values, behaviors, customs, and attitudes that set them apart.
To develop cultural intelligence effectively, it is essential to avoid simplicity, delve
beneath the surface of visible behaviors, and examine the underlying beliefs, values, and
assumptions that shape cultural perspective.21 This process requires introspection to understand
how one's cultural background influences one's interactions with others. By acknowledging and
analyzing personal cultural influences, individuals can understand how their beliefs and values
may impact their perceptions and behaviors in cross-cultural encounters.
Exploring the six cultural systems (economic, marriage and family, educational, legal and
political, religious, and artistic) that shape individual identities provides a framework for
understanding the multifaceted nature of cultural intelligence; individuals can identify areas
where they need to enhance their awareness and adaptability to engage effectively in diverse
cultural contexts by focusing on critical aspects such as marriage and family structure.22 This
deepened understanding of cultural nuances enables individuals to move beyond surface-level
respect in cultural interactions and fosters genuine cultural intelligence.
______________________
20 Ibid., 69.
21 Ibid., xii.
22 Ibid., 83.
6
Livermore emphasizes the need for leaders to actively disassociate themselves from
prejudices, biases, and negative beliefs associated with their culture. Cultivating cultural
intelligence as an organizational strength contributes to long-term sustainability and success in
navigating diverse environments. Developing cultural intelligence requires challenging
preconceived notions, engaging with differing cultural values, and constructing meaning in
ambiguous situations.
Contrary to the misconception that cultural intelligence is an innate trait, Livermore
asserts that it is a capability that can be learned and enhanced over time. Leaders should adopt a
“global mindset,” emphasizing the significance of continuously learning and adapting to develop
cultural intelligence.23 By committing to self-reflection, cultural exploration, and openness to
cultural diversity, individuals can cultivate a thriving cultural intelligence that enriches their
leadership capabilities and promotes effective cross-cultural communication and collaboration.
Lesson: Developing a CQ Strategy as a Being vs. Doing Leader
To understand the Cultural Intelligence (CQ) Strategy, it is essential to engage in
deliberate planning, accurate interpretation of cultural contexts, and continuous evaluation of
expectations. This process is crucial when preparing to interact with individuals from diverse
cultures. The significance of the CQ Strategy lies in its ability to promote creativity, innovation,
and thoughtful consideration of the appropriateness of one's approach in cross-cultural situations.
Livermore's exploration of the contrast between "doing-oriented" and "being-oriented"
one's perspective from a focus on tasks and actions ("doing") to a deeper understanding of
individuals and their beliefs and values ("being") is vital to fostering effective communication
and relationship-building across cultures.24 Embracing a "being-oriented" approach involves
______________________
23 Ibid., 44.
7
practicing empathy, compassion, and a genuine interest in understanding others' perspectives.
The statement that changing how we perceive our global fellow citizens is essential for sustained
adaptation in intercultural behavior underscores the importance of cultivating a loving and
compassionate attitude towards others, mirroring the love shown by Jesus.25 By prioritizing
service and care for others, individuals can align their behaviors with the teachings of Jesus and
effectively share the Gospel message with authenticity and impact.
Reflecting on personal biases and assumptions about other cultures is critical in
developing cultural intelligence. By consciously addressing internal prejudices and challenging
preconceived notions, individuals can work towards fostering a more inclusive and
understanding approach to intercultural interactions. Understanding the influence of historical
experiences on present perceptions can lead to personal growth and a more open-minded outlook
toward cultural diversity.
By committing to viewing others through a lens of love and respect, individuals can increase
their cultural intelligence and enhance their aptitude to transversely lead diverse ethnic and
organizational cultures.26 This intentional shift in mindset and approach promotes effective
communication and collaboration and aligns individuals with their purpose in ministry and
service. Ultimately, by embracing a being-oriented leadership style and actively challenging
biases, individuals can cultivate a culture of inclusivity, empathy, and respect in their
intercultural interactions, fulfilling their mission with confidence and integrity.27
Lesson: Recognizing the Cultural Values We Seek to Reach
______________________
24 Ibid., 121.
25 Ibid., 122.
26 Ibid., 121.
8
To be effective missionaries, we must recognize and understand the values of the culture
we seek to reach. Many European cultures prioritize family orientation and collectivism over
individualism. As missionaries, it is crucial to acknowledge that the values and beliefs we hold as
Americans may not align with those of the indigenous people we aim to serve. If we fail, we may
be perceived as the “Ugly American living in a bubble.”28 Livermore underscores the importance
of utilizing the Cultural Intelligence (CQ) assessment to motivate us to set aside personal biases
and spiritual prejudices and focus on comprehending what holds significance for the people we
seek to minister.30
Merely sharing geographical space with a culture does not equate to sharing the same worldview.
Language plays a pivotal role in shaping different worldviews, as individuals and communities
perceive and interact with the world based on their unique cultural perspectives.30 When
engaging with multicultural settings prioritizing collectivism, attempting to impose
individualistic beliefs, such as a personal relationship with Christ, may lead to dissonance and
hindrances in communication and connection.31 Aligning our missionary efforts with the cultural
values and priorities of the people we serve is paramount in fostering understanding and building
meaningful relationships.
Livermore emphasizes the importance of humility, empathy, and cultural sensitivity in
cross-cultural missions. Missionary work must center on God rather than personal agendas.
______________________
27 Ibid., 121.
28 Ibid., 61.
29 Ibid., 64.
30 Ibid., 80.
31 Ibid., 101.
9
Missionaries can establish genuine connections and effectively share the message of
Christ by prioritizing the recognition and respect of the values and beliefs cherished by the
community served. Understanding and adapting to the target population's cultural values
demonstrates a commitment to genuine partnership and collaboration in spreading the Gospel.32
Recognizing and valuing the cultural perspectives and priorities of the communities we
seek to reach is fundamental to successful missionary work. By embracing cultural humility,
actively listening, and adapting our approach to align with the values and beliefs of others,
missionaries can authentically engage with diverse cultures and foster meaningful relationships
grounded in mutual respect and understanding. We use CQ Drive, Knowledge, and Strategy to
establish CQ Action.33 Ultimately, mission work should be guided by a genuine desire to serve
and share the love of God, transcending personal biases and prejudices to create bridges of
communication and connection with those we aim to reach.
Lesson: Develop a CQ Action Goal
In developing Cultural Intelligence (CQ) Action goals, the key is to authentically be
yourself while identifying and adjusting behaviors that may need to change to achieve your
objectives. It is essential to recognize that being a child of God is fundamental to who you are,
and the goal is not to alter your core identity but rather adapt certain behaviors to effectively
communicate the Gospel of Jesus while acknowledging and respecting the cultural backgrounds
of those with whom you engage.34 This is significant as it allows for personal growth and
adaptation while staying true to one's beliefs and values.
CQ Action leverages the motivation, understanding, and planning cultivated through CQ
______________________
32 Ibid., 156.
33 Ibid., 157.
10
Knowledge to translate insights into tangible actions. By remaining aligned with your
goal and integrating the strategies learned in CQ Knowledge and CQ Strategy, you can develop a
comprehensive plan of action to effectively engage with diverse cultures in sharing the message
of Jesus. This approach enables you to build upon your existing knowledge and skills to navigate
cross-cultural communication challenges confidently and empathetically.35
Central to CQ Action is adjusting verbal and nonverbal behaviors to suit the cultural
context without compromising authenticity, which Livermore says is to “Be Yourself, Sort Of.”36
It is essential to approach interactions with a mindset of respect and consideration for the cultural
norms and values of others. By combining your drive to connect with others (CQ Drive) and
your commitment to learning about different cultures (CQ Knowledge), you can enhance your
effectiveness in ministry and increase your cultural intelligence. This adaptive approach allows
you to respond flexibly to the diverse expectations and demands of various cultures, ultimately
improving your ability to communicate the Gospel of Jesus in a way that resonates with different
audiences.
By embracing the concept of being yourself while making necessary adjustments, you can
enhance your effectiveness in building relationships, demonstrating respect, and effectively
conveying the message of Jesus across cultures.37 This approach boosts your confidence in
fulfilling God's purpose for you and strengthens your ability to connect with others authentically
and meaningfully in your ministry work.
Conclusion
______________________
34 Ibid., 3.
35 Ibid., 158.
36 Ibid., 157.
11
In conclusion, David Livermore's book, "Leading with Cultural Intelligence: The Real
Secret to Success," stands as a beacon of guidance and empowerment for individuals crossing the
intricacies of our progressively diverse and interconnected world. Livermore's transformative
approach to developing cultural intelligence provides practical strategies and tools that empower
readers to boost their ability to engage successfully across various cultural boundaries.
By exploring self-awareness, motivation, knowledge, and strategic planning, Livermore
equips readers with the essential skills to succeed in multicultural environments. Livermore
underscores the significance of acknowledging one's cultural biases and beliefs, motivating
individuals to engage in self-discovery that fosters genuine and influential relationships. This
focus on self-awareness underscores the value of empathy and openness in intercultural
interactions.
Livermore's emphasis on practical guidance for communication and behavior adjustment
reinforces the importance of taking purposeful actions based on a deeper understanding of other
cultures. By highlighting the significance of both verbal and nonverbal communication,
Livermore equips readers with tangible tools for navigating diverse cross-cultural situations with
confidence and proficiency.
Ultimately, "Leading with Cultural Intelligence: The Real Secret to Success" is a
comprehensive roadmap for individuals seeking to thrive in today's multicultural landscape.
Livermore's captivating writing style, imbued with real-world examples, establishes this book as
a valuable tool for people in all roles seeking to improve their cultural competence. Livermore
paves the way for authentic connection, effective communication, and impactful leadership in
our diverse and globally interconnected society by challenging readers to cultivate a robust sense
______________________
37 Ibid., 173.
12
of cultural intelligence. Embracing Livermore's teachings can unlock the potential for individuals
to succeed and excel in a world where cultural intelligence is a key to flourishing.
13
Bibliography
Livermore, David.6Leading with Cultural Intelligence: The Real Secret to Success. 2nd ed. New
York, NY: AMACOM, 2015.
14
